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  1. Severidade da mela da soja causada por Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA em função de doses de potássio Severity of hte foliar blight of the soylean caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA infunction of doses of potassium

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    Marco Antonio Basseto

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available O fungo Rhizoctonia solani pertencente ao grupo de anastomose 1 IA (AG-1 IA é um dos patógenos mais importantes afetando a cultura da soja no Brasil. Este fungo causa queima da folha e/ou mela em soja, para a qual medidas de manejo cultural são consideradas alternativas importantes para controle antes do estabelecimento da doença. Há evidências de que a adubação potássica diminui substancialmente a severidade dos sintomas de várias doenças da soja como a queima foliar (Cercospora kikuchii, a seca da haste e da vagem (Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae e o cancro da haste (Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis. Apesar das evidências do efeito do potássio no controle de várias doenças da soja, não há informação na literatura sobre o efeito desse nutriente no controle da mela. A hipótese testada foi que a mela da soja pode ser controlada através de incrementos na adubação potássica. De maneira geral, concluiu-se que, sob condições de casa de vegetação, o incremento de K no solo não resultou no controle da mela da soja. É necessário, entretanto, confirmar esta observação conduzindo-se experimentos sob condições de campo, podendo-se incluir a avaliação do efeito da doença sob aspectos da produção.The fungus Rhizoctonia solani, belonging to anastomosis group 1IA (AG-1 IA is one of the most important pathogens affecting soybean in Brazil. This fungus causes aerial or foliar blight of soybean, and cultural measures are thought as important choices for the control before the establishment of the disease. Based on evidences that potassium amendments can substantially reduce the severity of several soybean diseases such as Cercospora leaf blight (Cercospora kikuchii, pod and stem blight (Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae and stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis. Despite all evidence, there is no information in the literature about the effect of potassium controlling the soybean foliar blight. The

  2. ROS and trehalose regulate sclerotial development in Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Chenjiaozi; Pi, Lei; Jiang, Shaofeng; Yang, Mei; Shu, Canwei; Zhou, Erxun

    2018-05-01

    Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA is the causal agent of rice sheath blight (RSB) and causes severe economic losses in rice-growing regions around the world. The sclerotia play an important role in the disease cycle of RSB. In this study, we report the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and trehalose on the sclerotial development of R. solani AG-1 IA. Correlation was found between the level of ROS in R. solani AG-1 IA and sclerotial development. Moreover, we have shown the change of ROS-related enzymatic activities and oxidative burst occurs at the sclerotial initial stage. Six genes related to the ROS scavenging system were quantified in different sclerotial development stages by using quantitative RT-PCR technique, thereby confirming differential gene expression. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of ROS content in mycelia revealed that ROS were predominantly produced at the hyphal branches during the sclerotial initial stage. Furthermore, exogenous trehalose had a significant inhibitory effect on the activities of ROS-related enzymes and oxidative burst and led to a reduction in sclerotial dry weight. Taken together, the findings suggest that ROS has a promoting effect on the development of sclerotia, whereas trehalose serves as an inhibiting factor to sclerotial development in R. solani AG-1 IA. Copyright © 2018 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Development of a Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IB Specific Gene Model Enables Comparative Genome Analyses between Phytopathogenic R. solani AG1-IA, AG1-IB, AG3 and AG8 Isolates.

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    Daniel Wibberg

    Full Text Available Rhizoctonia solani, a soil-born plant pathogenic basidiomycetous fungus, affects various economically important agricultural and horticultural crops. The draft genome sequence for the R. solani AG1-IB isolate 7/3/14 as well as a corresponding transcriptome dataset (Expressed Sequence Tags--ESTs were established previously. Development of a specific R. solani AG1-IB gene model based on GMAP transcript mapping within the eukaryotic gene prediction platform AUGUSTUS allowed detection of new genes and provided insights into the gene structure of this fungus. In total, 12,616 genes were recognized in the genome of the AG1-IB isolate. Analysis of predicted genes by means of different bioinformatics tools revealed new genes whose products potentially are involved in degradation of plant cell wall components, melanin formation and synthesis of secondary metabolites. Comparative genome analyses between members of different R. solani anastomosis groups, namely AG1-IA, AG3 and AG8 and the newly annotated R. solani AG1-IB genome were performed within the comparative genomics platform EDGAR. It appeared that only 21 to 28% of all genes encoded in the draft genomes of the different strains were identified as core genes. Based on Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI and Average Amino-acid Identity (AAI analyses, considerable sequence differences between isolates representing different anastomosis groups were identified. However, R. solani isolates form a distinct cluster in relation to other fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota. The isolate representing AG1-IB encodes significant more genes featuring predictable functions in secondary metabolite production compared to other completely sequenced R. solani strains. The newly established R. solani AG1-IB 7/3/14 gene layout now provides a reliable basis for post-genomics studies.

  4. High-resolution mapping of Rsn1, a locus controlling sensitivity of rice to a necrosis-inducing phytotoxin from Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes disease on all major crop-plant species. Anastomosis group 1-IA is the causal agent of sheath blight of rice (Oryza sativa), one of the most important rice diseases worldwide. R. solani AG-IA produces a necrosis-inducing phytotoxin a...

  5. Comparison of gene co-networks reveals the molecular mechanisms of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) response to Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Jinfeng; Zhao, Wenjuan; Fu, Rong; Fu, Chenglin; Wang, Lingxia; Liu, Huainian; Li, Shuangcheng; Deng, Qiming; Wang, Shiquan; Zhu, Jun; Liang, Yueyang; Li, Ping; Zheng, Aiping

    2018-05-05

    Rhizoctonia solani causes rice sheath blight, an important disease affecting the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Attempts to control the disease have met with little success. Based on transcriptional profiling, we previously identified more than 11,947 common differentially expressed genes (TPM > 10) between the rice genotypes TeQing and Lemont. In the current study, we extended these findings by focusing on an analysis of gene co-expression in response to R. solani AG1 IA and identified gene modules within the networks through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We compared the different genes assigned to each module and the biological interpretations of gene co-expression networks at early and later modules in the two rice genotypes to reveal differential responses to AG1 IA. Our results show that different changes occurred in the two rice genotypes and that the modules in the two groups contain a number of candidate genes possibly involved in pathogenesis, such as the VQ protein. Furthermore, these gene co-expression networks provide comprehensive transcriptional information regarding gene expression in rice in response to AG1 IA. The co-expression networks derived from our data offer ideas for follow-up experimentation that will help advance our understanding of the translational regulation of rice gene expression changes in response to AG1 IA.

  6. Capacidade embriogênica da cultivar IAS-5 de soja

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    Di Mauro Antonio Orlando

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o controle genético da formação de embriões somáticos da cultivar IAS-5 de soja. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, cultivando-se quatro plantas por vaso, sob fotoperíodo de 14 horas e temperatura em torno de 28°C. Efetuaram-se cruzamentos entre os parentais não-embriogênicos (cultivares IAC-6, Paraná e IAC-15 e embriogênico (cultivar IAS-5 e retrocruzamentos para obtenção das gerações F1, F2,RC1P1 e RC1P2. Cotilédones imaturos, com 4-6 mm de comprimento, derivados dos parentais das gerações F1, F2, RC1P1 e RC1P2 foram cultivados em placas de Petri contendo meio N10, por um período de 90 dias, em câmara de crescimento. Os embriões somáticos derivados da indução foram contados, e os números, usados para obtenção dos parâmetros genéticos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o caráter capacidade de produção de embriões somáticos da cultivar IAS-5 é de natureza quantitativa e controlado por, aproximadamente, 20 genes.

  7. Uso da bandagem elástica associada ao tratamento fonoaudiológico no controle da sialorréia

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    Wanessa Furtado Caneschi

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO:verificar a efetividade do uso da bandagem elástica associada ao tratamento fonoaudiológico no controle da sialorréia.MÉTODOS:estudo longitudinal realizado com onze crianças com quadro de sialorréia crônica e alteração neurológica. Foi verificada a percepção do fonoaudiólogo e do responsável acerca da gravidade e o número de toalhas/paninhos de boca utilizados ao dia. Empregou-se também a sialometria. Cada participante recebeu a aplicação da bandagem elástica Kinesio Tape na região da musculatura supra-hióidea por 30 dias. As crianças foram avaliadas sem a bandagem (T0, imediatamente após a retirada da bandagem (T1 e três meses após (T2. O tratamento fonoaudiológico foi realizado pelo o mesmo profissional em duas sessões semanais. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente.RESULTADOS:no questionário verificou-se redução da queixa de engasgos com saliva em T1 (p=0,024.A média de uso diário de toalhas/paninhos era de quatro (10,2% em T0, duas (5,1% em T1 e quatro (10,2% em T2.De acordo com a sialometria, verificou-se redução da sialorréia de T0 para T1 (p=0,018 e ausência de diferença entre T0 e T2 (p=0,215 e aumento de T1 para T2 (p=0,05.De acordo com a percepção do fonoaudiólogo houve redução da sialorréia 30 dias após o uso da bandagem, entretanto não se observou melhora ao se comparar os resultados 30 dias após o uso e três meses sem a bandagem.CONCLUSÃO:a bandagem elástica se mostrou eficaz no controle da sialorréia durante seu período de uso, não sendo observada permanência dos resultados após interrupção da aplicação.

  8. SOJA IAC/IAS-5: CULTIVAR RESISTENTE AO CANCRO DA HASTE

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    MASCARENHAS HIPÓLITO ASSUNÇÃO ANTONIO

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Há aproximadamente oito anos, o cancro da haste (Phomopsis phaseoli f. sp. meridionalis/Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis da soja tem sido o principal fator limitante da produtividade em áreas de manifestação da doença. O seu controle mediante cultivares resistentes é o método mais econômico. Num ensaio em casa de vegetação, visando avaliar o efeito de doses de potássio no controle do cancro da haste, no cultivar IAS-5, moderadamente resistente, verificou-se haver plantas altamente resistentes, comprovadas em três gerações, todas inoculadas com o fungo causador da doença. A importância da obtenção do IAS-5 e de sua multiplicação deve-se a ser o mais cultivado no Estado de São Paulo e apresentar resistência ao cancro da haste.

  9. Radiolytic synthesis of Ag-poly(BIS-co-HEMA-co-IA) nanocomposites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kacarevic-Popovic, Z.; Tomic, S.; Krkljes, A.; Micic, M.; Suljovrujic, E.

    2007-01-01

    Ag-poy(BIS-co-HEMA-co-IA) nanocomposites are prepared via in situ reduction of silver salt embedded in swollen polymer gels by employing gamma irradiation. Hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, itaconic acid and four types of poly(alkylene glycol) acrylate or methacrylate (Bisomers) were previously prepared using gamma irradiation. The nanocomposites are characterized by using UV-vis, swelling measurements and thermal analysis. Evolution of plasmon absorption detected by UV-vis spectrophotometry indicated generation of Ag nanoparticles in polymer hydrogels. Altering the structure of the hydrogels did not lead to alternation of the position of the absorption maximum. The bulk property of equilibrium swelling is dependent on the presence of the Ag nanostructures. The initial thermal stability of the polymer is slightly increased due to presence of silver as nanofiller

  10. Estudo da soroprevalência do AgHBs em gestantes da 15ª Regional de Saúde e da imunoprofilaxia para os recém-nascidos das gestantes AgHBs positivo - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v30i1.4394 Study into the HBsAg seroprevalence in pregnant women from the 15th Health Regional and the immunoprophylaxia on the newborns of these HBsAg-positive women - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v30i1.4394

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    Dennis Armando Bertolini

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available Determinar a prevalência do AgHBs nas gestantes da 15ª Regional de Saúde (15ª R.S. atendidas no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas (Lepac, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, e verificar se foi solicitada a imunoprofilaxia para hepatite B aos recém-natos das gestantes AgHBs positivo, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2002. A pesquisa do AgHBs foi realizada pela técnica imunoenzimática IMxHBsAg e Axsym HBsAg (Laboratório Abbott. As solicitações de imunobiológicos especiais para a imunoprofilaxia da hepatite B ao CRIE foram obtidas na Seção de Epidemiologia da 15ª R.S. Foram analisadas 12.274 gestantes e a prevalência do AgHBs foi de 1,0%. Dentre as 125 gestantes AgHBs positivo, foram solicitadas imunoprofilaxia para 32 (25,6% recém-nascidos. Ainda que a prevalência encontrada indique ser esta uma área de baixa endemicidade, os resultados reafirmam a importância da realização do diagnóstico da hepatite B no atendimento pré-natal, para adoção da imunoprofilaxia no recém-nascido.To determine HBsAg prevalence among pregnant women from the 15th Health Regional assisted in the Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas (Lepac, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, and verify whether immunoprophylaxis with vaccine and immunoglobulin was requested for the newborns of HBsAg-positive women during the period from January 1998 to December 2002. The research about HBsAg was conducted using the immunoenzymatic IMxHBsAg (Abbot Lab and Axsym HBsAg (Abbot Lab techniques. The requests to the CRIE for special immunobiologic agents for Hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis were obtained in the Department of Epidemiology from the 15th Health Regional. The analysis includes 12,274 pregnant women, and the HBsAg prevalence was 1.0%. Among 125 HBsAg positive pregnant women, immunoprophylaxis was requested for 32 (25.6% newborns. Although the prevalence detected demonstrates this to be a low endemic area, the

  11. Digestibilidade aparente da energia e da fibra de dietas para ovinos contendo uréia, amiréia ou farelo de algodão Apparent digestibility of energy and fiber of sheep diets containing urea, starea or cottonseed meal

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    Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a digestibilidade da energia e da fibra de dietas contendo uréia, amiréia ou farelo de algodão como fontes protéicas exclusivas e silagem de milho como volumoso. Utilizaram-se 24 borregos com 11 meses de idade e peso médio 31 kg e o método da coleta total de fezes. A ingestão de matéria seca foi de 64,1; 68,8 e 71,4 g/kg PV0,75/dia e as digestibilidades da energia da FDN e da FB foram 63,0; 67,7 e 64,4%, 39,6; 55,7 e 50,0%, 47,0; 49,3 e 53,4%, respectivamente, para dietas com uréia, amiréia e farelo de algodão. Os ganhos em peso foram 278,5; 348,0; e 293,7 g/anim.dia, na mesma ordem. O uso da amiréia poderá ser o mais adequado, em relação a uréia e farelo de algodão, em dietas para borregos contendo silagem de milho como volumoso.This research was conducted to evaluate the energy and the fiber digestibility of diets containing urea, starea and cottonseed meal as nitrogen sources and corn silage as forage. Twenty-four lambs averaging 11 months old and initial 31 kg LW and total feces collection method were used. Dry matter intake was 64.1, 68.8 and 71.4 g /kg PV.75 /day and the energy, NDF and CF digestibilities were 63.0, 67.7 and 64.4%, 39.6, 55.7 and 50.0%, 47.0, 49.3 and 53.4%, for the diets with urea, starea and cottonseed meal, respectively. The average weights gain were 278.5, 348.0 and 293.7 g/anim./day, in the same above sequence. The use of starea would be more adequate in relation to urea and cottonseed meal in diets with corn silage as forage for lambs.

  12. Modelagem do vento e da fotosfera de AG Carinae

    Science.gov (United States)

    Groh, J. H.; Damineli, A.

    2003-08-01

    A trajetória evolutiva das estrelas de alta massa depende fortemente de suas taxas de perda de massa. Apesar do rápido progresso no estudo destas estrelas, a taxa de perda de massa e outros parâmetros físicos básicos, como a temperatura superficial e a velocidade terminal do vento ainda não estão bem determinados. Isto ocorre devido à presença de ventos irregulares, rápidos e fortes ao redor destas estrelas, tornando a interpretação dos seus espectros uma tarefa difícil. Assim, a modelagem do vento e da fotosfera dessas estrelas está sendo cada vez mais usada para obter tais parâmetros a partir dos espectros. O aumento da taxa de perda de massa durante a fase LBV (Variáveis Luminosas Azuis), comparado com outros tipos de estrelas, tem sido atribuído a instabilidades do tipo S Doradus. Dispomos de uma base de dados espectroscópicos cobrindo 22 anos de observações de AG Carinae, incluindo um ciclo S Doradus completo, com espectros CCD em alta resolução na faixa óptica e infravermelha. Utilizamos o programa desenvolvido por Schmutz (1997) para uma análise preliminar desse ciclo, obtendo a taxa de perda de massa a partir da linha do Ha. Não existe uma correlação clara da taxa de perda de massa com mudanças da temperatura efetiva, do raio da estrela e do fluxo na banda V. A estrela atingiu seu mínimo fotométrico (raio mínimo) em 1990 e o máximo fotométrico (raio máximo) em 1995, enquanto que o fluxo máximo da linha do Ha ocorreu em 1996. Além disso a taxa de perda de massa não segue esse ciclo, contrariamente às idéias correntes. Para fazer um modelo mais realista estamos usando o programa CMFGEN (Hillier & Miller), que trata a fotosfera e o vento estelar de forma consistente, considerando a radiação fora do equilíbrio termodinâmico (NLTE) e com blanketting total de linhas. Simulamos o espectro de AG Carinae em duas épocas extremas do ciclo S Dor para testar os resultados obtidos com o modelo mais simplificado.

  13. Instrument ampersand controls section (IA) improvements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kramer, C.; Paul, J.

    1993-01-01

    This portion of the panel session briefly delineates improvements in the Instrument and Controls (IA) Section over the past few years. These improvements are listed briefly in summary form. The status of publication of the IA Section of AG-1 is reviewed

  14. Estudo da soroprevalência do AgHBs em gestantes da 15ª Regional de Saúde e da imunoprofilaxia para os recém-nascidos das gestantes AgHBs positivo = Study into the HBsAg seroprevalence in pregnant women from the 15th Health Regional and the immunoprophylaxia on the newborns of these HBsAg-positive women

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    Sonia Kaori Miyamoto

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Determinar a prevalência do AgHBs nas gestantes da 15ª Regional de Saúde (15ª R.S. atendidas no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas (Lepac, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, e verificar se foi solicitada a imunoprofilaxia para hepatite B aos recém-natos das gestantes AgHBs positivo, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2002. A pesquisa do AgHBs foi realizada pela técnica imunoenzimática IMxHBsAg e Axsym HBsAg (Laboratório Abbott. As solicitações de imunobiológicos especiais para a imunoprofilaxia da hepatite B ao CRIE foram obtidas na Seção de Epidemiologia da 15ª R.S. Foram analisadas 12.274 gestantes e a prevalência do AgHBs foide 1,0%. Dentre as 125 gestantes AgHBs positivo, foram solicitadas imunoprofilaxia para 32 (25,6% recém-nascidos. Ainda que a prevalência encontrada indique ser esta uma área de baixa endemicidade, os resultados reafirmam a importância da realização do diagnóstico da hepatite B no atendimento pré-natal, para adoção da imunoprofilaxia no recém-nascido.To determine HBsAg prevalence among pregnant women from the 15th Health Regional assisted in the Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas (Lepac, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, and verify whether immunoprophylaxis with vaccine and immunoglobulin was requested for the newborns of HBsAg-positive women during the period from January 1998 to December 2002. The research about HBsAg was conducted using the immunoenzymatic IMxHBsAg (Abbot Lab and Axsym HBsAg (Abbot Lab techniques. The requests to the CRIE for specialimmunobiologic agents for Hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis were obtained in the Department of Epidemiology from the 15th Health Regional. The analysis includes 12,274 pregnant women, and the HBsAg prevalence was 1.0%. Among 125 HBsAg positive pregnant women, immunoprophylaxis was requested for 32 (25.6% newborns. Although the prevalence detected demonstrates this to be a low endemic area, the

  15. O teatro dos "bóias-frias": repensando a antropologia da performance

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    John C. Dawsey

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Os escritos de Victor Turner referentes à antropologia da performance são sugestivos para a análise do que poderíamos chamar de "teatro dos bóias-frias". Mas esse teatro de canaviais e carrocerias de caminhões também é sugestivo: trata-se de um lugar privilegiado para se repensar um conjunto de questões que emergem nas interfaces da performance e antropologia. Tendo-se em vista a especificidade da "prática de calcular o lugar olhado das coisas" que caracteriza esse teatro, os seguintes tópicos pontuam o texto que vem a seguir: 1 dramas sociais; 2 relações entre dramas sociais e dramas estéticos; 3 símbolos e montagens; e 4 paradigmas do teatro na antropologia. Uma observação: nesse exercício de repensar algumas contribuições "clássicas" de Victor Turner, Erving Goffman e Richard Schechner, encontro "afinidades eletivas" entre, por um lado, o pensamento de Walter Benjamin e a dramaturgia de Bertolt Brecht, e, por outro, os princípios dramatúrgicos dos "bóias-frias".The anthropology of performance, as understood by Victor Turner, provides interesting perspectives for the analysis of what may be referred to as the "theater of bóias-frias". Conversely, this theater may be of special interest for purposes of rethinking some of the main propositions which have arisen on the borders between anthropology and performance. Considering the specificity of "the practice which calculates the place from which one views things" of this theater, several topics present themselves as guidelines for the text which follows: 1 social dramas, 2 relations between social and aesthetic dramas, 3 symbols and montage, and 4 theater paradigms in anthropology. In this exercise to rethink some of the "classic" contributions of Victor Turner, Erving Goffman, and Richard Schechner, "elective affinities" have been found between, on the one hand, the writings of Walter Benjamin and Brechtian theater, and, on the other, the dramaturgical principles of the

  16. Caracterização citomorfológica, cultural, molecular e patogênica de Rhizoctonia solani Kühn associado ao arroz em Tocantins, Brasil Citomorphological, cultural, molecular and pathogenical characterization of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn associated with rice in Tocantins, Brazil

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    Elaine Costa Souza

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available No Estado do Tocantins, no Norte do Brasil, a incidência de rizoctoniose no arroz é importante, causando danos significativos em lavouras de arroz irrigado. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o grupo de anastomose (AG de isolados de R. solani associados ao arroz naquela região, testando a hipótese de que esses isolados pertencem ao grupo padrão de anastomose AG-1 IA, que também é o agente causal da mela em soja em áreas úmidas do Norte do Brasil. Todos os quatro isolados de arroz foram caracterizados, através de fusão de hifas, como AG-1 IA. A caracterização cultural, em função das temperaturas basais (mínimas, máximas e ótimas, evidenciou que os isolados de R. solani de arroz apresentaram perfis semelhantes aos padrões AG-1 IA, AG-1 IB e AG-1 IC. Os isolados de arroz foram caracterizados como autotróficos para tiamina assim como os isolados padrões AG-1 IA, IB, IC, AG-4 HGI e o isolado da mela da soja. O teste de patogenicidade em plantas de arroz cultivar IRGA-409 e de patogenicidade cruzada à cultivar IAC-18 de soja (suscetível à mela, indicou que além de causar a queima da bainha em arroz, esses isolados causam mela em soja. Da mesma forma, o isolado SJ-047 foi patogênico ao arroz. As seqüências de bases de DNA da região ITS-5.8S do rDNA dos isolados do arroz foram similares às seqüências do AG-1 IA, depositadas no GenBank® - NCBI. A filogenia do ITS-rDNA indicou um grupo filogenético comum formado pelos isolados do arroz, o isolado da soja e o isolado teste do AG-1 IA. Assim, com base em características citomorfológicas, culturais, filogenéticas e patogênicas, foi confirmada a hipótese de que os isolados de R. solani patógenos de arroz do Estado do Tocantins pertencem ao grupo de anastomose AG-1 IA, além da indicação de que esses isolados podem também causar a mela em soja.In Tocantins State, Northern Brazil, the incidence of Rhizoctonia sheath blight on rice is important, causing

  17. Lesões da traquéia e grandes brônquios

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    Giovanni Antonio Marsico

    Full Text Available As lesões traqueobrônquicas são raras, porém, no trauma de tórax, envolvem grande risco de vida. As suas manifestações são variáveis e não é incomum o diagnóstico ser protraído. O sucesso no diagnóstico e tratamento, freqüentemente, requer alto grau de suspeição e a correção cirúrgica como método de escolha. Após trauma fechado de tórax, a ruptura da traquéia e dos brônquios principais, geralmente, ocorre nas proximidades da carina. O rompimento da árvore traqueobrônquica, ocasionado por acidentes em alta velocidade, com alto impacto e grande liberação de energia, geralmente está associado a outras lesões. Os sinais comumente presentes são: enfisema subcutâneo, dispnéia e hemoptise. Os achados radiológicos mais comuns incluem pneumotórax, pneumomediastino, fraturas de costelas e clavícula. As broncoscopias efetivamente rígida e flexível são considerados métodos diagnósticos eficazes, desde que manuseados por cirurgião torácico treinado. O diagnóstico precoce deve ser enfatizado, pois evita as complicações associadas ao reparo tardio das lesões. O mecanismo etiológico, o diagnóstico e os aspectos da terapêutica na literatura mundial são revistos e discutidos.

  18. RELIGIÃO E NEGAÇÃO DA MODERNIDADE: A LEITURA FUNDAMENTALISTA DA BÍBLIA NAS REVISTAS DE ESCOLA BÍBLICA DOMINICAL DA ASSEMBLÉIA DE DEUS

    OpenAIRE

    Bertone de Oliveira Sousa

    2010-01-01

    Este artigo investiga as peculiaridades da leitura da Bíblia realizada pelos redatores das revistas de Escola Bíblica Dominical da Assembléia de Deus no Brasil, tendo como ponto de partida a ortodoxia doutrinária professada pela igreja e o fundamentalismo religioso presente em suas representações. Para isso, faz uma breve historicização da igreja, bem como uma problematização do conceito de fundamentalismo, para depois analisar-se as revistas de faixa etária de jovens e adultos da editora CPA...

  19. Transplante da educação européia no Brasil

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    Casemiro dos Reis Filho

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available O Brasil surge para a história em pleno Renascimento. Resultado da expansão da civilização ocidental, o descobrimento do Brasil é significativo incidente da aventura marítima do Atlântico no século XV. Este momento de expansão européia é de extrema importância para a análise das raízes de nossas origens como nacionalidade. O seu estudo nos interessa na medida em que o primeiro projeto de Brasil, elaborado e executado a partir do Descobrimento pelo colonizador português, estabeleceu linhas históricas determinantes de nossa evolução como povo ligado, embora perifericamente, à civilização ocidental [...].

  20. A teoria da agência no setor da saúde: o caso do relacionamento da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar com as operadoras de planos de assistência supletiva no Brasil Agency theory in the healthcare sector: the relationship between the National Supplementary Healthcare Agency and the supplementary health-care operators in Brazil

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    Fábio Ricardo Loureiro Sato

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available O relacionamento entre os atores do sistema supletivo de assistência à saúde no Brasil é caracterizado por uma complexa trama de conflitos de interesse e de poder, que podem ser analisados à luz da teoria da agência. Ela emprega elementos da ciência econômica, principalmente das teorias do consumidor e do funcionamento de mercado, conjuntamente com idéias derivadas dos estudos organizacionais e comportamentais, faz uma divisão entre os agentes econômicos em principais e agentes. Analisando o mercado de assistência supletiva, pode-se constatar que ele possui inúmeros atores, que exercem ao mesmo tempo papéis de agentes e principais. É justamente dessa dualidade de papéis que surgem grande parte dos conflitos, e, através de diversos mecanismos de regulação, tenta-se reduzir os custos de agência derivados dos conflitos de interesse que são a causa principal dos problemas de agência dentro desse setor.The relationship between the actors of the supplementary healthcare system in Brazil is characterized by complex conflicts of interests and power struggles, which can be analyzed by the agency theory. This theory - combining elements of economic sciences, mainly consumer and market theories, with ideas derived from organizational and behavioral studies - divides the economic agents in principals and agents. The analysis of the supplementary healthcare market reveals its many actors play simultaneously the roles of agent and principal. This duality of roles is the root of most conflicts, originating several regulation mechanisms which try to reduce agency costs derived from conflicts of interests that are the main cause of this sector's agency issues.

  1. Síndrome da apnéia-hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono. Fisiopatologia Physiopathology of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

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    Andrea Barral Martins

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available A fisiopatogenia da apnéia obstrutiva do sono é multifatorial. O sexo, a obesidade, os fatores genéticos, anatômicos e hormonais e o controle da ventilação interagem diversamente na fisiopatogenia e expressão clínica da doença. A obesidade é o principal fator de risco, sendo a elevação do índice de massa corpórea, da gordura visceral e da circunferência do pescoço, fortes preditores de sua ocorrência. A progesterona, por aumentar a atividade dos músculos dilatadores das vias aéreas superiores, tem papel protetor nas mulheres antes da menopausa, justificando a maior prevalência da doença na pós-menopausa, no sexo masculino e na síndrome dos ovários policísticos. Evidências apontam para o fato de que o aumento da idade promove diminuição do tônus muscular, com redução da luz das vias aéreas superiores. O dismorfismo crânio-facial, como na retrognatia ou micrognatia, está associado ao posicionamento posterior da língua, e pode resultar em estreitamento da luz das vias aéreas superiores. Finalmente, comando ventilatório reduzido tem sido detectado em pacientes com síndrome de apnéia obstrutiva do sono e hipercapnia.The physiopathology of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is multifactorial. Gender and obesity status, as well as genetic, anatomic, and hormonal factors, together with ventilatory drive, interact in a diverse manner in the physiopathology and clinical expression of the disease. Obesity is the main risk factor, since increases in body mass index, visceral fat, and neck circumference are strong predictors of the disease. Progesterone increases the activity of the upper airway dilator muscles and therefore plays a protective role in premenopausal women. This explains the fact that the prevalence of the disease is higher in postmenopausal patients, in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as in males. Evidence supports the fact that, as individuals grow older, there is a decrease in muscle

  2. A divulgação dos ativos fixos tangíveis segundo a IAS 16 e o seu grau de cumprimento

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    Fernando Jorge Ferreira da Costa

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo analisa o grau do cumprimento das divulgações da International Accounting Standard 16 “Ativos Fixos Tangíveis” no Anexo às demonstrações financeiras consolidadas das empresas cotadas na Euronext Lisboa, no período de 2005-2010, bem como sua evolução e determinação dos potenciais fatores corporativos explicativos desse grau de cumprimento. Utilizando um índice de cumprimento, constatou-se um grau de cumprimento médio intermédio dos requisitos de divulgação da IAS 16 (67,3%. A experiência na aplicação das normas apresentou um impacto positivo, apesar de ligeiro. Atendendo à revisão da literatura e aos argumentos da teoria da agência, teoria dos custos políticos, teoria da sinalização e teoria da necessidade de capital foram desenvolvidas seis hipóteses explicativas do grau de cumprimento mencionado. Os resultados evidenciam que o tamanho da empresa e o montante de ativos fixos tangíveis são fatores corporativos explicativos do grau de cumprimento dos requisitos da divulgação previstos na IAS 16.

  3. Coréia aguda na gravidez

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    Walter C. Pereira

    1967-12-01

    Full Text Available São apresentados doze casos de coréia aguda observados entre 150.000 gestantes (1/12.500. A maioria dos surtos ocorreu no segundo trimestre da primeira gravidez. A duração média dos sintomas foi de três meses, não tendo sido registrado caso algum de óbito materno. Todos os partos foram espontâneos e normais. Houve apenas um óbito fetal conseqüente a choque hemorrágico. São tecidas considerações a propósito dos aspectos clínico, laboratorial e prognóstico da coréia gravídica, sendo focalizado mais pormenorizadamente o problema fisiopatogênico dessa afecção.

  4. Volatilização de N-NH3 em decorrência da forma de aplicação de uréia, manejo de resíduos e tipo de solo, em laboratório

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    Sangoi Luís

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available A volatilização de amônia (NH3 é a principal perda de nitrogênio (N responsável pela baixa eficiência da uréia aplicada na superfície do solo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do modo de aplicação da uréia e da forma de manejo dos resíduos de aveia preta sobre a volatilização de amônia, em dois solos com diferentes teores de argila e matéria orgânica, sob condições de laboratório. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos num Nitossolo Vermelho (NV e num Neossolo Quartzarênico (NQ, contendo 520 e 50g kg-1 de argila, respectivamente. Os tratamentos consistiram de três formas de manejo do fertilizante nitrogenado (sem N, uréia aplicada na superfície e uréia incorporada ao solo e três métodos de manejo dos resíduos de aveia (sem palha, palha aplicada na superfície e palha incorporada ao solo. Utilizou-se o equivalente a 4,0mg ha-1 de palha e 255kg ha-1 de N. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por colunas de PVC, contendo 1,47kg de solo argiloso e 2,1kg de solo arenoso. As colunas foram hermeticamente vedadas e a parte superior foi conectada, através de uma mangueira plástica, a frascos coletores com ácido sulfúrico. A quantidade de N-NH3 volatilizada foi determinada por arraste de vapor, em diferentes períodos, após a implantação do experimento. A aplicação superficial da uréia proporcionou maior volatilização de N-NH3 do que sua incorporação, nos dois solos. A manutenção da palha sobre a superfície do solo estimulou a perda de N-NH3 no solo arenoso, independentemente da forma de aplicação da uréia ao solo. A perda de N-NH3 foi numericamente maior e o período de máxima volatilização ocorreu antes no NQ, provavelmente devido ao menor teor de argila, à matéria orgânica e à menor capacidade de troca de cátions, relativamente ao NV.

  5. A securitização da cooperação para o controle de fronteiras da União Européia

    OpenAIRE

    Ferreira, Luciano Vaz

    2011-01-01

    Resumo: Frente ao medo de fragmentação, que poderia conduzir a uma nova guerra, a Europa implementou um intenso processo de integração, que culminou na formação da União Européia, uma organização supranacional. A redução das barreiras econômicas e políticas que permitiram a integração européia e a formação de uma identidade comum, também direcionaram a política comunitária para o controle das fronteiras externas. Nesse cenário, a imigração ilegal é encarada como uma ameaça à integração europé...

  6. Aspetti tributari dei crediti d’impresa contabilizzati secondo gli Ias/Ifrs: prime riflessioni sistematiche

    OpenAIRE

    A. CONTRINO

    2011-01-01

    1. La disciplina dei crediti d’impresa nei principi contabili internazionali. – 1.1. Costo ammortizzato, valore di presumibile realizzo e «perdite da valutazione». – 1.2. Derecognition, «realizzo» ai fini IAS/IFRS e «perdite da cancellazione». – 2. I nuovi termini di rilevanza fiscale dei crediti IAS/IFRS in forza del principio di derivazione «rafforzata». – 2.1. Sui confini dell’area di determinazione dell’imponibile riservata dall’art. 83 ai principi contabili internazionali. – 2.2. Il nuov...

  7. Bioengineered human IAS reconstructs with functional and molecular properties similar to intact IAS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Jagmohan

    2012-01-01

    Because of its critical importance in rectoanal incontinence, we determined the feasibility to reconstruct internal anal sphincter (IAS) from human IAS smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with functional and molecular attributes similar to the intact sphincter. The reconstructs were developed using SMCs from the circular smooth muscle layer of the human IAS, grown in smooth muscle differentiation media under sterile conditions in Sylgard-coated tissue culture plates with central Sylgard posts. The basal tone in the reconstructs and its changes were recorded following 0 Ca2+, KCl, bethanechol, isoproterenol, protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, and Rho kinase (ROCK) and PKC inhibitors Y-27632 and Gö-6850, respectively. Western blot (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), and immunocytochemical (IC) analyses were also performed. The reconstructs developed spontaneous tone (0.68 ± 0.26 mN). Bethanechol (a muscarinic agonist) and K+ depolarization produced contraction, whereas isoproterenol (β-adrenoceptor agonist) and Y-27632 produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the tone. Maximal decrease in basal tone with Y-27632 and Gö-6850 (each 10−5 M) was 80.45 ± 3.29 and 17.76 ± 3.50%, respectively. WB data with the IAS constructs′ SMCs revealed higher levels of RhoA/ROCK, protein kinase C-potentiated inhibitor or inhibitory phosphoprotein for myosin phosphatase (CPI-17), phospho-CPI-17, MYPT1, and 20-kDa myosin light chain vs. rectal smooth muscle. WB, IF, and IC studies of original SMCs and redispersed from the reconstructs for the relative distribution of different signal transduction proteins confirmed the feasibility of reconstruction of IAS with functional properties similar to intact IAS and demonstrated the development of myogenic tone with critical dependence on RhoA/ROCK. We conclude that it is feasible to bioengineer IAS constructs using human IAS SMCs that behave like intact IAS. PMID:22790596

  8. Din?mica das assembl?ias de peixes em bancos de macrofitas flutuantes do sistema fl?vio lacustre da ?rea do Catal?o, Amazonas, Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Avila, Leandro Cortes

    2011-01-01

    Nas plan?cies de inunda??o da regi?o amaz?nica, uma grande por??o das assembl?ias de peixes utiliza os bancos de macr?fitas aqu?ticas como ?rea de alimenta??o, reprodu??o, ref?gio, ber??rio, e como meio dispersor. A intensidade e a varia??o do n?vel das ?guas influenciam consideravelmente na composi??o, riqueza e abund?ncia das esp?cies em certas localidades. Foram analisados dados das assembl?ias de peixes de bancos de macr?fitas da ilha do Xiborena durante os anos 2003-2007 com o intuito de...

  9. Avaliação da escala de Epworth em pacientes com a Síndrome da apnéia e hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono Evaluation of Epworth Sleepiness Scale in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

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    Letícia Boari

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome da apnéia e hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS é, atualmente, considerada um problema de saúde pública por causar aumento da morbi-mortalidade cardiovascular e acidentes de trânsito. A polissonografia assistida é o padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento destes pacientes. No entanto, por ser onerosa, demorada e de acesso restrito, outros métodos tem sido desenvolvidos. A escala de sonolência de Epworth (ESE é uma avaliação subjetiva, porém, rápida, sem custos e simples de ser aplicada. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a correlação entre a pontuação da ESE e o índice de apnéia e hipopnéia (IAH da polissonografia de pacientes com SAHOS. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico retrospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Revisão de prontuário de 66 pacientes com queixa de roncopatia que foram submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico (uvulopalatofaringoplastia com ou sem abordagem nasal. Avaliaram-se a pontuação da ESE e o IAH da polissonografia pré e pós-operatórios. RESULTADOS: 78,7% pacientes com grau normal de IAH tiveram pontuação de ESE menor do que 10 e 65% pacientes com grau severo de IAH tiveram pontuação maior do que 10. Não houve resultados estatisticamente significantes para os grupos moderado e leve. CONCLUSÃO: A escala de Epworth pode distinguir os graus normais e severos sem, no entanto, determinar os graus moderado e leve. Assim, pode ser utilizada para acompanhamento de pacientes com SAHOS sem, no entanto, substituir a polissonografia uma vez que não consegue avaliar todos os graus de severidade.Today obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS is a public health issue, since it increases cardiovascular morbidity-mortality rate and the risk of car crashes. Overnight polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosis and follow-up of affected patients. However, because the test is expensive, time-consuming and of difficult access, others methods have been proposed. Although the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS is

  10. RELIGIÃO E NEGAÇÃO DA MODERNIDADE: A LEITURA FUNDAMENTALISTA DA BÍBLIA NAS REVISTAS DE ESCOLA BÍBLICA DOMINICAL DA ASSEMBLÉIA DE DEUS

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    Bertone de Oliveira Sousa

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo investiga as peculiaridades da leitura da Bíblia realizada pelos redatores das revistas de Escola Bíblica Dominical da Assembléia de Deus no Brasil, tendo como ponto de partida a ortodoxia doutrinária professada pela igreja e o fundamentalismo religioso presente em suas representações. Para isso, faz uma breve historicização da igreja, bem como uma problematização do conceito de fundamentalismo, para depois analisar-se as revistas de faixa etária de jovens e adultos da editora CPAD, privilegiando-se as que abordam temas relacionados a questões sociais como secularismo, humanismo, aborto, eutanásia, divórcio, evolucionismo, ateísmo, homossexualismo, entre outros. Investiga-se também como essa leitura se contrapõe a uma concepção histórico-crítica da Bíblia e a aspectos da modernidade que a instituição sente ameaçarem sua integridade doutrinária. Este texto situa-se no marco teórico da História Cultural a fim de apreender as características das representações sociais produzidas pelo grupo religioso aqui estudado.

  11. Cúpulas comerciais para produção de geléia real e rainhas em colméias de abelhas Apis mellifera

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    Garcia Regina Conceição

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente ensaio foi testar quatro tipos comerciais de cúpulas distintas quanto à coloração, altura, volume e diâmetro, na aceitação das larvas transferidas e na produção de geléia real e rainhas. A cúpula que apresentou maior aceitação foi a alaranjada (55,6%, seguida da amarela (37,3%, azul (36,5% e branca (26,9%. As cúpulas que apresentaram maior peso de geléia real foram branca (347,7 mg, alaranjada (312,3 mg, amarela (284,0 mg e azul (202,8 mg. O peso das larvas retiradas no momento da coleta de geléia real não apresentou diferença nas cúpulas de diferentes colorações sendo, em média, 42,0 ± 49,6 mg. O peso das rainhas recém-emergidas foi maior na cúpula branca (190,2 mg, seguida da alaranjada (181,0 mg, amarela (175,4 mg e azul (147,5 mg. O volume das realeiras não apresentou diferença nas cúpulas de diferentes colorações sendo, em média, 822,5 mm³. Com relação às cúpulas de cera, tanto a porcentagem de aceitação quanto a quantidade de geléia real produzida não apresentaram diferença entre os tratamentos. A porcentagem de aceitação nas cúpulas de cera maiores foi 18,2% e nas cúpulas menores, 12,1%. A quantidade de geléia real produzida nas cúpulas de cera menores foi 151,4 mg e nas maiores foi 137,5 mg. As cúpulas branca, alaranjada e amarela apresentaram maior quantidade de geléia real por cúpula (347,7 mg, 312,3 mg e 284,0 mg, respectivamente, entretanto, a maior quantidade total de geléia real produzida por colméia, foi obtida com as cúpulas alaranjadas (1389,40 mg. Para a produção de rainhas também sugere-se o uso das cúpulas alaranjadas

  12. Factores influentes na aplicação da IAS 41 “agricultura” nas empresas vitivinícolas portuguesas

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    Graça Maria do Carmo Azevedo

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available A crescente importância dada ao justo valor como forma de mensuração, em detrimento do custo histórico, faz com que a determinação do valor, e posterior registo, esteja na agenda dos organismos de normalização. Nesse sentido, o International Accounting Standards Board (IASB emitiu a International Accounting Standards (IAS 41 na qual prevê a mensuração ao justo valor dos activos biológicos e produtos agrícolas. Neste paper iremos abordar o sector vitivinícola português, por ser aquele que tem um peso mais significativo dentro da actividade agrícola e analisaremos a IAS 41 e o seu processo de desenvolvimento, focando a visão dos principais intervenientes no projecto de norma. Por fim, abordamos um estudo empírico efectuado com base em dados recolhidos através de inquérito às empresas com a Classificação Portuguesa das Actividades Económicas (CAE 15931. Em nível empírico, para percebermos quais os factores influentes na aplicação da norma, adoptamos as análises descritiva, factorial, de clusters e discriminante. Apesar das limitações da investigação, os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que os inquiridos deram mais relevância às variáveis relacionadas com a aplicabilidade da norma e com a experiência e o conhecimento desta e de outras normas, ou seja, consideraram a aplicabilidade da norma relevante para o sector.

  13. Hidrólise da uréia em latossolos: efeito da concentração de uréia, temperatura, pH, armazenamento e tempo de incubação Urea hydrolysis in oxisols: effects of substrate concentration, temperature, pH, incubation time and storage conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Regina Marcia Longo

    2005-07-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou estudar a velocidade de hidrólise da uréia em dois diferentes solos brasileiros (Latossolo Vermelho Aluminoférrico típico e Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico onde foram realizados ensaios sobre o efeito do tempo e condições de armazenamento, concentração do substrato (uréia, temperatura, pH e tempo de incubação sobre a atividade da urease. As melhores condições de armazenamento foram em temperatura ambiente ou 5 ºC, após secagem ao ar, por um período de até 7 dias; para as condições estudadas, o melhor tempo de incubação foi de uma hora a 25-30 ºC, sem a utilização de tampão para acertar o pH, e a concentração de uréia suficiente foi de 3,30 g L-1, para o Latossolo Vermelho Aluminoférrico típico, e de 2,5 g L-1, para o Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico para obter a velocidade máxima da enzima.This study evaluated the kinetics of urease hydrolysis in two different Brazilian soils (Rhodic Oxisols: a typic alumino-ferric Red Latossol and a typic distrophic Red Latosol. The trials were carried out to study the effects of air drying, soil sampling, storage conditions and temperature, pH, time of incubation, and substrate concentration on the urease activity. Results showed that best conditions for soil sample storage after air-drying for a 7-day period were at room temperature or at a temperature of 5 ºC. For the studied conditions the best incubation time was one hour at 25-30 ºC, without pH buffering. The ideal urea concentration suggested for the detection of the maximum velocity was 3.3 g L-1 for the typic alumino-ferric Red Latossol and 2.5 g L-1 for the typic distrophic Red Latosol.

  14. RELAÇÕES TRÓFICAS EM ASSEMBLÉIAS DE FORMIGAS E LAGARTOS EM ÁREAS DE RESTINGA DA BAHIA

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveira, Magno Lima Travassos

    2013-01-01

    A composição de uma comunidade pode ser influenciada por uma única espécie, através da competição interespecífica. Cada espécie pode servir de recursos para outras, sendo consumida ou parasitada, ocupando a posição de produtor, consumidor ou decompositor (BEGON et al., 2007). Desta forma, a posição de um organismo dentro da comunidade pode ser definida em termos de utilização dos recursos e de interações com organismos que utilizam os mesmos recursos (PUTMAN, 1994). Essa idéia abstrata da ...

  15. Characterization of headaches in the premenstrual tension syndrome Caracterização das cefaléias na síndrome da tensão pré-menstrual

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    Yara Dadalti Fragoso

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Characterization of headaches in premenstrual syndrome (PMS. Although headache is one of the symptoms for PMS, no details on this headache are given by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG criteria. METHOD: A group of 45 fertile age women presenting PMS were invited to complete a registration diary for headache and PMS symptoms for three consecutive months. The diary included details of each headache attack, allowing for classification according to the International Headache Society criteria (IHS-2004. RESULTS: Migraine without aura was the most common type of headache in PMS (n=27, 60%, followed by tension type headache (n=15, 30%. Only in two cases the type of headache varied among the observed months, and only in one case the diagnosis could not be concluded by the IHS-2004 criteria. CONCLUSION: Better clinical and therapeutic approach to headache in PMS can be achieved if the patient's type of headache could be properly characterized.OBJETIVO: Caracterização das cefaléias na síndrome da tensão pré-menstrual (TPM. Embora cefaléia seja um dos sintomas associados à TPM, não são fornecidos detalhes sobre esta dor pelos critérios do American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG. MÉTODO: Um grupo de 45 mulheres em idade fértil apresentando TPM foi convidado a preencher um diário de registro de cefaléia e dos sintomas de TPM por três meses consecutivos. O diário incluía detalhes de cada crise de cefaléia, permitindo classificação de acordo com os critérios da International Headache Society (IHS-2004. RESULTADOS: Enxaqueca sem aura foi a forma mais freqüente de cefaléia na TPM (n=27, 60%, seguida de cefaléia tipo tensional (n=15, 30%. Em apenas dois casos a cefaléia variou entre os meses observados e em apenas um caso o diagnóstico não pôde ser conclusivo pelos critérios da IHS-2004. CONCLUSÃO: Melhor manejo clínico e terapêutico pode ser obtido na cefaléia da TPM se o tipo de

  16. HISTÓRIA DAS IDÉIAS PEDAGÓGICAS NO BRASIL

    OpenAIRE

    Aline Perazzoli; Maristela Ferreira da Rocha; Sandino Hoff

    2015-01-01

    A interrogação sobre a história da educação no Brasil, as idéias educacionais componentes e o lugar a ela conferida na pesquisa e no ensino universitário constitui-se no tema central do livro História das idéias Pedagógicas no Brasil, elaborado a partir dos resultados da investigação conduzida pelo autor com Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa do CNPq. Cobre o conjunto de idéias pedagógicas no Brasil desde 1549 até nossos dias. O professor Saviani é formado em Filosofia pela PUC − SP, é dou...

  17. Gonorréia Gonorrhea

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    Gerson Oliveira Penna

    2000-10-01

    Full Text Available A gonorréia é uma infecção bacteriana freqüente, causada pela Neisseria gonorrhoeae, um diplococo Gram-negativo de transmissão quase que exclusiva através de contato sexual ou perinatal. Primariamente afeta membranas mucosas do trato genital inferior, e mais raramente, as mucosas do reto, orofaringe e conjuntiva. A infecção genital ascendente na mulher leva a uma complicação séria, a salpingite aguda, uma das principais causas de infertilidade feminina. A partir dos anos 90, deu-se início a um novo tempo no que se refere a descobertas sobre a patogenia da gonorréia e seu agente etiológico. O controle da gonorréia tem sido difícil na maioria das populações, e essa permanece um exemplo da influência que os fatores sociais, comportamentais e demográficos exercem na epidemiologia de uma doença infecciosa. O manejo da gonorréia e de outras doenças sexualmente transmissíveis requer tanto o tratamento do paciente e de seu parceiro sexual como medidas de saúde pública para interromper a transmissão da infecção e evitar complicações a longo prazo.Gonorrhea is a common bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a Gram-negative diplococcus that is transmitted almost exclusively by sexual contact or perinatally. It primarily affects the mucous membranes of the lower genital tract and less frequently those of the rectum, oropharynx, and conjunctivae. Ascending genital infection in women leads to the predominant complication, acute salpingitis, one of the most common causes of female infertility in the world. Since the 1990s, a remarkable surge of information ensued regarding the pathogenesis of gonorrhea and its agent. Gonorrohea has proven difficult to control in most populations and remains a prime example of the influence that social, behavioral, and demographic factors can have on the epidemiology of an infectious disease. The management of gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted infections requires both

  18. Terapêutica hormonal na coréia de Sydenham

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Geraldo Albernaz

    1957-09-01

    Full Text Available Cinco casos de coréia de Sydenham foram submetidos à terapêutica hormonal com Cortisona, Prednisona e Prednisolona; o fenobarbital e a clorpromazina foram utilizados como medicação sintomática e a Penicilina-Benzatina como profilática. Depois de analisadas as referências bibliográficas, comparados os resultados de ν;rios autores, e ajuizados os resultados obtidos em nossos casos, acreditamos poder concluir que: 1 a terapêutica hormonal da coréia de Sydenham, com o uso de ACTH, Cortisona, Prednisona ou Pred-nisclona apresenta resultados satisfatórios; 2 a Prednisona e a Prednisolona são os hormônios mais úteis no tratamento da coréia de Sydenham, sendo possível que sua associação aos salicilatos permita obter resultados ainda melhores; 3 o tratamento deve prolongar-se até o completo desaparecimento dos sintomas, as doses variando de acôrdo com a gravidade e a evolução da moléstia; 4 a terapêutica hormonal deve ser usada sem prejuízo de medicação sintomática (sedativa e profilática (antibiótica.

  19. Valor nutricional da silagem de cana-de-açúcar acrescida de uréia e aditivos absorventes de umidade Nutritional value of sugarcane silage enriched with urea and with additive absorbent of humidity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jalison Lopes

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos da utilização de aditivos sobre o valor nutritivo da silagem de cana-de-açúcar. Foram testadas diferentes quantidades de aditivos associadas à cana-de-açúcar no momento da ensilagem (com base na matéria verde da forragem: 1,5% uréia; 0,5% uréia + 4% fubá; 0,5% uréia + 4% de mandioca desidratada; 1,5% de amiréia; e cana-de-açúcar pura. A cana-de-açúcar da variedade RB-72454, com 18 meses de rebrota, foi armazenada em silos experimentais de concreto com capacidade de 500 kg, durante 180 dias. Cinco ovelhas com peso médio de 36,5 kg foram alojadas em gaiolas metabólicas individuais próprias para o ensaio de digestibilidade in vivo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em que os blocos foram constituídos pelos períodos de coleta dos dados, em um total de quatro períodos. Avaliaram-se o consumo voluntário de MS, FDN, PB e NDT, a digestibilidade da MS, FDN, PB e CNF e o balanço de nitrogênio. O valor nutritivo da silagem de cana-de-açúcar foi aumentado com o uso de aditivos, implicando maior consumo e digestibilidade da PB.The research aimed to evaluate the use of additives on the nutritional value of the sugarcane silage. Treatments were expressed by additive type and amount added to the sugarcane silage at ensiling (fresh matter basis, as follows: urea 1.5%; urea 0.5% and corn meal 4%; urea 0.5% and dehydrated cassava 4%; starea 1.5%; sugar cane only. Sugarcane variety RB-72454, at 18 months of regrowth was stored for 180 days in experimental concrete silos (500 kg capacity. An in vivo digestibility trial was carried out using a complete randomized block design. Five sheeps with an average weight of 36.5 kg were housed in individual metabolic cages simultaneously to silage unloading. Data from four crop periods were used to form the blocks. Voluntary intake of the DM, CP, NDF, TDN, and digestibility of DM, NDF, NFC, CP and N retention were evaluated. In

  20. IN SITU DEGRADABILITY OF DRY MATTER AND FIBROUS FRACTION SUGARCANE BAGASSE TREATED WITH UREA DEGRADABILIDADE IN SITU DA MATÉRIA SECA E DA FRAÇÃO FIBROSA DO BAGAÇO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR TRATADO COM URÉIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabrício Bacelar Lima Mendes

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available

    The experiment was conducted to evaluate the in situ degradability of dry matter (iDMD, neutral detergent fiber (iNDFD, acid detergent fiber (iADFD and hemicel-lulosis of sugar cane bagasse submitted to ammoniation with urea. The treatments consisted of four urea levels (0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% on dry matter – DM basis added to the sugar cane bagasse and addition of 1.2% (DM basis of ground soybean as urease source. Samples of 3 g of the bagasses were incubated in the rumen of three steers during periods of 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The urea addiction to sugar cane bagasse provided increase not only on the iDMD, but also in degradability of cell wall con-tents. The degradability increased of 73.6, 61.3, 45.6 and 65.7% for DM, NDF, ADF and hemicellulosis, respective-ly, at the longer incubation time (96 hours. The iDMD, iNDFD, iADFD and in situ hemicellusosis degradability of sugar cane bagasse were improved by urea treatment.

    KEY-WORDS: Ammoniation, by product, dry matter, cellular wall.

    O experimento foi desenvolvido para avaliar a de-gradabilidade in situ da matéria seca (DiMS, da fibra em detergente neutro (DiFDN, da fibra em detergente ácido (DiFDA e da hemicelulose do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar submetido à amonização com uréia. Os tratamentos cons-taram de quatro níveis de uréia (0%, 2,5%, 5,0% e 7,5% na base da matéria seca – MS adicionados ao bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e adição de 1,2% (base da MS de soja grão moída como fonte de urease. Amostras de 3 g dos bagaços foram incubadas no rúmen de três novilhos por períodos de 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. A adição de uréia ao bagaço de cana-de-açúcar promoveu aumento tanto na DiMS como também na degradabilidade dos constituintes da parede celular. Houve incrementos nas degradabilidades de 73,6%, 61,3%, 45,6% e 65,7% para a MS, FDN, FDA e hemice-lulose, respectivamente, no maior tempo de incubação (96 horas. A DiMS, DiFDN, DiFDA e a

  1. Eqüidade em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde em países da União Européia

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    Maria do Rosário Giraldes

    Full Text Available Pode ser eventualmente mais adequado corrigir desigualdades no domínio da educação, estilos de vida ou nutrição do que no domínio da saúde. O presente artigo propõe-se medir as desigualdades existentes, em países da União Européia, em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde da população. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de Gini para quantificar as desigualdades entre países da União Européia no que respeita a educação e atividades culturais, estilos de vida, nutrição, desemprego, utilização de serviços de saúde e despesa em saúde. Os indicadores que apresentam coeficientes de Gini mais elevados são a percentagem da população com ensino secundário elevado, o consumo per capita de manteiga e o consumo per capita de embalagens de medicamentos. Consiste motivo de preocupação para o setor saúde que a área da educação apresente uma tão grande desigualdade em relação à percentagem de inscritos no ensino secundário elevado, em países da União Européia. A desigualdade que existe no consumo per capita de manteiga é igualmente de salientar por causa do impacto que a nutrição tem, por exemplo, na incidência de doenças cárdio e cerebrovasculares e do peso que essas doenças têm na estrutura de mortalidade.

  2. Eqüidade em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde em países da União Européia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giraldes Maria do Rosário

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Pode ser eventualmente mais adequado corrigir desigualdades no domínio da educação, estilos de vida ou nutrição do que no domínio da saúde. O presente artigo propõe-se medir as desigualdades existentes, em países da União Européia, em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde da população. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de Gini para quantificar as desigualdades entre países da União Européia no que respeita a educação e atividades culturais, estilos de vida, nutrição, desemprego, utilização de serviços de saúde e despesa em saúde. Os indicadores que apresentam coeficientes de Gini mais elevados são a percentagem da população com ensino secundário elevado, o consumo per capita de manteiga e o consumo per capita de embalagens de medicamentos. Consiste motivo de preocupação para o setor saúde que a área da educação apresente uma tão grande desigualdade em relação à percentagem de inscritos no ensino secundário elevado, em países da União Européia. A desigualdade que existe no consumo per capita de manteiga é igualmente de salientar por causa do impacto que a nutrição tem, por exemplo, na incidência de doenças cárdio e cerebrovasculares e do peso que essas doenças têm na estrutura de mortalidade.

  3. IA-2 autoantibody affinity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krause, Stephanie; Chmiel, Ruth; Bonifacio, Ezio; Scholz, Marlon; Powell, Michael; Furmaniak, Jadwiga; Rees Smith, Bernard; Ziegler, Anette-G; Achenbach, Peter

    2012-12-01

    Autoantibodies to insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2A) are associated with increased risk for type 1 diabetes. Here we examined IA-2A affinity and epitope specificity to assess heterogeneity in response intensity in relation to pathogenesis and diabetes risk in 50 children who were prospectively followed from birth. At first IA-2A appearance, affinity ranged from 10(7) to 10(11)L/mol and was high (>1.0×10(9)L/mol) in 41 (82%) children. IA-2A affinity was not associated with epitope specificity or HLA class II haplotype. On follow-up, affinity increased or remained high, and IA-2A were commonly against epitopes within the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 domain and the homologue protein IA-2β. IA-2A were preceded or accompanied by other islet autoantibodies in 49 (98%) children, of which 34 progressed to diabetes. IA-2A affinity did not stratify diabetes risk. In conclusion, the IA-2A response in children is intense with rapid maturation against immunogenic epitopes and a strong association with diabetes development. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Production of atomic negative ion beams of the Group IA elements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alton, G.D.; Mills, G.D.

    1988-01-01

    A method has been developed which enables the direct sputter generation of atomic negative ion beams of all members of the Group IA elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs). The method consists of the use of sputter samples formed by pressing mixtures of the carbonates of the Group IA elements and 10% (atomic) Cu, Ag, or other metal powder. The following intensities are typical of those observed from carbonate samples subjected to /approximately/3 KeV cesium ion bombardment: Li - : ≥0.5 μA; Na - : ≥0.5 μA; K - : ≥0.5 μA; Rb - : ≥0.5 μA; Cs - : ≥0.2 μA. 7 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab

  5. Os fundamentos da identidade européia na antiguidade, na idade média e nos tempos modernos = The bases of European identity in antiquity, middle ages and in modernity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter Johann Mainka

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Depois do fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial iniciou-se o processo da unificação européia, compreendendo todas as áreas do Estado e da sociedade (legislação, jurisdição, política, economia, instituições, etc. dos 27 Estados, tão diferentes quanto às tradições e à sua história, que compõem, no momento, a União Européia. Porém, quais são os fundamentos intelectuais e os valores culturais, quais são as idéias e memórias, que dão à Europa uma identidade coerente e compartilhada, em princípio, por toda a população européia de atualmente, quase 500 milhões de pessoas? Esses alicerces intelectuais da Europa remontam à Antiguidade, à Idade Média e aos Tempos Modernos. Este trabalho pretende apresentar alguns desses fundamentos comuns da Europa, postos na Idade Média e nos Tempos Modernos (por exemplo o Cristianismo, o Humanismo e o Iluminismo, e discutir a sua importância para a identidade européia.The process of European unification started immediately after the II World War. It comprised all the areas of State and society (legislation, jurisdiction, politics, economy, institutions and others in the twenty-seven countries, highly different in their traditions and history and which now make up the European Community. Which are the intellectual bases and the cultural values, which are the ideas and memories that give Europe a coherent identity shared, at least theoretically, by the European population of approximately 500 million people? Europe's intellectual bases go back to Antiquide, to the Middle Ages and to Modernity. Current essay will provide some of Europe's common principles posited in the Middle Ages and in Modernity (for instance, Christianity, Humanism and Illuminism and will discuss their importance within Euopean identity.

  6. UHV-TEM/TED observation of Ag islands grown on Si( 1 1 1 ) 3× 3-Ag surface

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oshima, Yoshifumi; Nakade, Hiroyuki; Shigeki, Sinya; Hirayama, Hiroyuki; Takayanagi, Kunio

    2001-11-01

    Growths of Ag islands on Si(1 1 1)3×3-Ag surface at room temperature were observed by UHV transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. The Ag islands grown after six monolayer deposition had neither (1 0 0) nor (1 1 0) orientation, but had two complex epitaxial orientations dominantly. One was striped islands which gave rise to a diffraction pattern commensurate with the 3×3 lattice of the Si(1 1 1) surface. The other was the coagulated islands whose diffraction pattern indicated the Ag(1 -3 4) sheet grown parallel to the Si(1 1 1) surface.

  7. Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia10 and Vip3Aa protein interactions and their toxicity in Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bergamasco, V B; Mendes, D R P; Fernandes, O A; Desidério, J A; Lemos, M V F

    2013-02-01

    The polyphagous pests belonging to the genus Spodoptera are considered to be among the most important causes of damage and are widely distributed throughout the Americas'. Due to the extensive use of genetically modified plants containing Bacillus thuringiensis genes that code for insecticidal proteins, resistant insects may arise. To prevent the development of resistance, pyramided plants, which express multiple insecticidal proteins that act through distinct mode of actions, can be used. This study analyzed the mechanisms of action for the proteins Cry1Ia10 and Vip3Aa on neonatal Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera albula, Spodoptera eridania and Spodoptera cosmioides larvae. The interactions of these toxins with receptors on the intestinal epithelial membrane were also analyzed by binding biotinylated toxins to brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) from the intestines of these insects. A putative receptor of approximately 65 kDa was found by ligand blotting in all of these species. In vitro competition assays using biotinylated proteins have indicated that Vip3Aa and Cry1Ia10 do not compete for the same receptor for S. frugiperda, S. albula and S. cosmioides and that Vip3Aa was more efficient than Cry1Ia10 when tested individually, by bioassays. A synergistic effect of the toxins in S. frugiperda, S. albula and S. cosmioides was observed when they were combined. However, in S. eridania, Cry1Ia10 and Vip3Aa might compete for the same receptor and through bioassays Cry1Ia10 was more efficient than Vip3Aa and showed an antagonistic effect when the proteins were combined. These results suggest that using these genes to develop pyramided plants may not prove effective in preventing the development of resistance in S. eridiana. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Ciclos : estudo de casos de ecodesign de jóias

    OpenAIRE

    Luiz Marcelo Straliotto

    2009-01-01

    Esta dissertação demonstra a possibilidade de aplicação dos princípios ecológicos no design de jóias com o objetivo de contribuir para a sistematização do conhecimento sobre o ecodesign de jóias. Num primeiro momento, a fundamentação teórica foi realizada por meio de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, apoiada pela revisão e discussão da literatura técnica e científica sobre jóia, design de jóias e ecodesign de produtos. Essa etapa forneceu os subsídios para o desenvolvimento das jóias ecológ...

  9. Estudo comparativo da história clínica e da polissonografia na síndrome da apnéia/ hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono Comparative study between clinical history and polysomnogram in the obstructive sleep apnea/ hypopnea syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lys Maria Allenstein Gondim

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O reconhecimento dos distúrbios respiratórios do sono tem aumentado a cada ano. Manifestações, como o ronco, consideradas meros incômodos vêm adquirindo importância no que diz respeito à qualidade de vida e seu impacto social. OBJETIVO: Comparar a história clínica com os resultados da polissonografia (PSG, na Síndrome da Apnéia/Hipopnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAHOS, é o principal objetivo deste trabalho. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, com 125 pacientes, através da análise de questionários específicos, IMC e Escala de Epworth. RESULTADOS: Dentre os pacientes, 75 eram do sexo masculino e 50 do feminino. O principal sintoma foi a roncopatia. 46% apresentaram PSG normais, 30% SAHOS leve, 15% moderada e 9% severa, não se evidenciando correlação estatística entre a clínica e a PSG. Dentre as queixas, somente a insônia foi relevante, em análise univariada e em pacientes normais e com SAHOS leve (pRecognizing sleep-disordered breathing is on the rise every year. Manifestations, such as snoring, that were earlier considered mere inconvenients are now acquiring greater importance concerning life quality and social impact. AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the clinical history to polysomnogram (PSG results in the Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 125 patients were analyzed, in a retrospective study. Specific questionnaires, avaliations of Body Mass Index and Epworth Scale were carried out. RESULTS: Among the patients, 75 were males and 50 were females. The main symptom was snoring. 46% had normal PSG, 30% had light OSAHS, 15% moderate and 9% severe OSAHS and it was not observed a correlation between clinical data and PSG results. Concerning clinical symptoms, only insomnia has shown relevance when univariably analyzed in normal and light OSAHS patients (p<0,05 compared to patients with moderate and severe OSAHS, losing its importance when analyzed together with other

  10. Tratamento das cefaléias Treatment of headaches

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    José Luiz Dias Gherpelli

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: realizar revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema tratamento da cefaléia na infância e adolescência. Fontes dos dados: revisão bibliográfica através do banco de dados Medline, utilizando os termos: cefaléia, enxaqueca ou migrânea, infância ou adolescência e tratamento, no período de 1966 a 2001, excluindo artigos de revisão e registros de casos. Foram selecionados artigos científicos que relataram estudos sobre a eficácia da terapêutica farmacológica e não farmacológica no tratamento das cefaléias primárias. Síntese dos dados: foram encontrados 104 artigos científicos, sendo selecionados aqueles que relataram estudos do tipo caso-controle, ou droga versus placebo, cegos ou abertos, e que estudassem crianças ou adolescentes. Conclusões: é digna de nota a pobreza de estudos controlados sobre o tema na faixa etária pediátrica, apesar da importância que as cefaléias primárias apresentam na prática clínica. Apenas algumas drogas foram estudadas de forma cientificamente adequada e, mesmo assim, o número de estudos é pequeno. Tanto o tratamento da crise álgica aguda quanto a profilaxia da cefaléia foram abordados.Objective: to perform a bibliographic review about headache treatment in childhood and adolescence. Sources: articles were searched through Medline database using the terms: migraine, or headache, childhood, or adolescence, and treatment, during the period between 1966 and 2001. Review articles and case reports were excluded. Only articles dealing with pharmacological, and non-pharmacological treatment of primary headaches were selected. Summary of the findings: a total of 104 articles were found; only those reporting results of the case-control studies, or drug vs. placebo, either blind, or open, and that included children, or adolescents were selected. Conclusions: only a few controlled studies about the headache treatment were found in the pediatric age group, although primary headaches are

  11. Susceptibility of Anthonomus grandis (cotton boll weevil) and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) to a cry1ia-type toxin from a Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis strain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grossi-de-Sa, Maria Fatima; Quezado de Magalhaes, Mariana; Silva, Marilia Santos; Silva, Shirley Margareth Buffon; Dias, Simoni Campos; Nakasu, Erich Yukio Tempel; Brunetta, Patricia Sanglard Felipe; Oliveira, Gustavo Ramos; Neto, Osmundo Brilhante de Oliveira; Sampaio de Oliveira, Raquel; Soares, Luis Henrique Barros; Ayub, Marco Antonio Zachia; Siqueira, Herbert Alvaro Abreu; Figueira, Edson L Z

    2007-09-30

    Different isolates of the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produce multiple crystal (Cry) proteins toxic to a variety of insects, nematodes and protozoans. These insecticidal Cry toxins are known to be active against specific insect orders, being harmless to mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. Due to these characteristics, genes encoding several Cry toxins have been engineered in order to be expressed by a variety of crop plants to control insectpests. The cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, are the major economically devastating pests of cotton crop in Brazil, causing severe losses, mainly due to their endophytic habit, which results in damages to the cotton boll and floral bud structures. A cry1Ia-type gene, designated cry1Ia12, was isolated and cloned from the Bt S811 strain. Nucleotide sequencing of the cry1Ia12 gene revealed an open reading frame of 2160 bp, encoding a protein of 719 amino acid residues in length, with a predicted molecular mass of 81 kDa. The amino acid sequence of Cry1Ia12 is 99% identical to the known Cry1Ia proteins and differs from them only in one or two amino acid residues positioned along the three domains involved in the insecticidal activity of the toxin. The recombinant Cry1Ia12 protein, corresponding to the cry1Ia12 gene expressed in Escherichia coli cells, showed moderate toxicity towards first instar larvae of both cotton boll weevil and fall armyworm. The highest concentration of the recombinant Cry1Ia12 tested to achieve the maximum toxicities against cotton boll weevil larvae and fall armyworm larvae were 230 microg/mL and 5 microg/mL, respectively. The herein demonstrated insecticidal activity of the recombinant Cry1Ia12 toxin against cotton boll weevil and fall armyworm larvae opens promising perspectives for the genetic engineering of cotton crop resistant to both these devastating pests in Brazil.

  12. Relação entre hipertensão arterial sistêmica e síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono

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    Cavallari Fransérgio E.M.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS e a Síndrome da Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS são doenças prevalentes na população mundial e, embora despertem interesse na comunidade médica, não têm fisiopatologia e mecanismos pelo qual produzem suas complicações completamente elucidados. A SAOS está cada vez mais relacionada a patologias cardiovasculares, principalmente à hipertensão, que é prevalente em pacientes com SAOS. Objetivo: Em nosso estudo, objetivamos avaliar as alterações encontradas na presença de HAS em pacientes portadores de SAOS. Forma de estudo: Clínico prospectivo randomizado. Material e método: Estudamos uma população de pacientes do Ambulatório de Ronco e Apnéia do HC FMRP - USP, de fevereiro de 1999 a fevereiro de 2002, em um total de 42, sendo 30 (71,42% pacientes homens e 12 (28,58% mulheres, com idades de 21 a 77 anos (média de 45,3, dp = 9,372706, todos com diagnóstico de SAOS confirmado pela polissonografia, divididos em dois grupos de 21 pacientes com SAOS (controle e 21 com SAOS e HAS. Avaliamos as escalas de Epworth, Ronco e Sonolência nos dois grupos, além do uso da polissonografia para estudo objetivo. Resultado: Não encontramos diferença estatística entre os grupos na comparação dos resultados das escalas, mesmo tendo o grupo de hipertensos médias maiores. Ao avaliarmos objetivamente os pacientes com a polissonografia, levando em conta o IDR, há estatística significante (p=0,0326, com os hipertensos apresentando médias maiores. Vendo a proporção nos grupos, há predomínio de pacientes com apnéia moderada e grave entre os hipertensos, e leve entre os do controle. Conclusão: Concluindo, a concomitância entre HAS e SAOS representa fator agravante no grau da apnéia.

  13. Boracéia Biological Station: an ornithological review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vagner Cavarzere

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Boracéia Biological Station, near the city of Salesópolis, SP, is located in one of the most well-defined centers of endemism in eastern Brazil - the Serra do Mar Center. While the station was established only in 1954 under the auspices of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, the avifauna of this locality had already attracted the attention of ornithologists by the 1940s, when the first specimens were collected. Here we describe the ornithological history of the Boracéia Biological Station with a review of all the bird species recorded during more than 68 years, including recent transect and mist-netting records. Boracéia's records were found in museums, literature and unpublished reports that totaled 323 bird species when recent data is also considered. Of these, 117 are endemic to the Atlantic forest and 28 are threatened in the state. Although there are a few doubtful records that need to be checked, some species are the only sightings in the state. Boracéia includes a recently discovered species near the station site and is extremely important for the conservation of Atlantic forest birds.A Estação Biológica de Boracéia, localizada em Salesópolis, SP, situa-se na Serra do Mar, importante região biogeográfica e um dos centros de endemismo mais bem definidos do Brasil. Apesar de instituída em 1954, quando passou a pertencer ao Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, a avifauna desta localidade já era objeto de pesquisas desde a década de 1940, época em que foram realizadas as primeiras coletas de aves. Aqui é apresentada pela primeira vez uma revisão de todos os registros avifaunísticos realizados nessa localidade ao longo de mais de 68 anos assim como a adição de novos registros com base em dados coletados recentemente com transectos lineares e redes de neblina. Os registros para Boracéia estiveram representados em museus, na literatura e em dados não publicados que, somados aos registros

  14. Crystal growth, spectral and laser properties of Nd:LuAG single crystal

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu, X D; Meng, J Q; Cheng, Y; Li, D Z; Cheng, S S; Wu, F; Zhao, Z W; Wang, X D; Xu, J

    2009-01-01

    Nd:LuAG (Nd:Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 ) crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. X-ray powder diffraction experiments show that the Nd:LuAG crystal crystallizes in the cubic with space group Ia3d and has the cell parameter: a = 1.1907 nm, V = 1.6882 nm 3 . The absorption and fluorescence spectra of Nd:LuAG crystal at room temperature were investigated. With a fiber-coupled diode laser as pump source, the continuous-wave (CW) laser action of Nd:LuAG crystal was demonstrated. The maximum output power at 1064 nm was obtained to be 3.8 W under the incident pump power of 17.3 W, with the optical conversion efficiency 22.0% and the slope efficiency 25.7%

  15. Crystal growth, spectral and laser properties of Nd:LuAG single crystal

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, X. D.; Wang, X. D.; Meng, J. Q.; Cheng, Y.; Li, D. Z.; Cheng, S. S.; Wu, F.; Zhao, Z. W.; Xu, J.

    2009-09-01

    Nd:LuAG (Nd:Lu3Al5O12) crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. X-ray powder diffraction experiments show that the Nd:LuAG crystal crystallizes in the cubic with space group Ia3d and has the cell parameter: a = 1.1907 nm, V = 1.6882 nm3. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of Nd:LuAG crystal at room temperature were investigated. With a fiber-coupled diode laser as pump source, the continuous-wave (CW) laser action of Nd:LuAG crystal was demonstrated. The maximum output power at 1064 nm was obtained to be 3.8 W under the incident pump power of 17.3 W, with the optical conversion efficiency 22.0% and the slope efficiency 25.7%.

  16. Polinização artificial da atemóia com diversas fontes de pólen comparada com a natural Natural and artificial pollination of Atemoya in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Rosa Melo

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Para estudar a polinização da atemóia (Annona squamosa L. x A. cherimola e determinar a técnica de polinização que produz frutos em maior quantidade e melhor qualidade, montou-se um experimento de polinização. O experimento foi realizado com a cultivar Gefner, no período de novembro de 2000 a março de 2001, em pomar comercial, localizado em Lins (SP, a 424 metros de altitude. As plantas apresentavam 13 anos de idade. Empregou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: 1 polinização manual (pólen de A. squamosa L.; 2 polinização manual (pólen da atemóia cultivar Gefner; 3 polinização manual (pólen da atemóia cultivar African Pride; 4 polinização manual (pólen da atemóia cultivar PR-3; 5 polinização natural ou aberta. A avaliação do vingamento dos frutos ocorreu dez dias após a polinização e da quantidade dos frutos com conformação perfeita ou defeituosa, aos 40 dias. Os frutos foram colhidos 120 dias após a polinização e pesados individualmente. Amostraram-se, também, três frutos para as seguintes determinações: massa de sementes e da polpa, número de sementes por 100 gramas de polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total e relação sólidos solúveis/acidez. Para a atemóia, a polinização com pólen de A. squamosa L. foi mais efetiva, aumentando o vingamento de frutos (80,5%, comparado com outros quatro tratamentos, que foi menos de 22%, a produção e a porcentagem de frutos perfeitos.An experiment was carried out to study atemoya pollination and to determine the pollination method that produces fruits in larger amount and quality. The experiment was accomplished with cultivar Gefner, in the period of November 2000 to March 2001, in a commercial orchard located in the county of Lins - SP, at an altitude of 424 meters. The plants were 13 years old. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with 5 treatments and

  17. Repensando a escolha racional e a teoria da agência: fazendeiros de gado e capatazes no século XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monsma Karl

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo explora o valor e os limites da teoria da agência por meio da comparação das relações entre fazendeiros de gado e capatazes no Rio Grande do Sul e em Buenos Aires nas primeiras décadas do século XIX. Considera que a teoria da agência e a abordagem da escolha racional baseiam-se em uma teoria da ação deficiente, pressupondo atores pré-sociais, que usam uma racionalidade universal, embora possam ser úteis para identificar certos dilemas centrais na relação entre principal e agente e para delimitar o conjunto das soluções viáveis. Como os atores geralmente não tentam otimizar suas escolhas, mas buscam soluções satisfatórias para os problemas que encontram, somente a história e a cultura explicam a "escolha" de um dos arranjos viáveis e não de outro. O contexto e a experiência se internalizam no habitus e na consciência prática dos atores, que moldam a definição dos problemas e as estratégias para resolvê-los. Os fazendeiros estudados neste artigo abordavam questões semelhantes de agência de maneiras diferentes. Parte da divergência devia-se aos contextos, mas muito dela se relacionava aos habitus distintos, decorrentes da origem do portenho na classe dos grandes comerciantes coloniais, sem experiência rural, e da origem do gaúcho na elite dos militares fazendeiros, dependentes do Estado. Nos dois casos, a interação repetida através do tempo levou a mudanças importantes na relação entre fazendeiro e capataz, dificilmente explicáveis pela escolha racional.

  18. Structural analysis of peptides capable of binding to more than one Ia antigen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sette, A; Buus, S; Colon, S

    1989-01-01

    The Ia binding regions were analyzed for three unrelated peptide Ag (sperm whale myoglobin 106-118, influenza hemagglutinin 130-142, and lambda repressor protein 12-26) for which binding to more than one Ia molecule has previously been demonstrated. By determining the binding profile of three...... separate series of truncated synthetic peptides, it was found that in all three cases the different Ia reactivities mapped to largely overlapping regions of the peptides; although, for two of the peptides, the regions involved in binding the different Ia specificities were distinct. Moreover, subtle...... differences were found to dramatically influence some, but not other, Ia reactivities. Using a large panel of synthetic peptides it was found that a significant correlation exists between the capacity of peptides to interact with different alleles of the same molecule (i.e., IAd and IAk), but no correlation...

  19. Cervical Cancer Stage IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... historical Searches are case-insensitive Cervical Cancer Stage IA Add to My Pictures View /Download : Small: 720x576 ... Large: 3000x2400 View Download Title: Cervical Cancer Stage IA Description: Stage IA1 and IA2 cervical cancer; drawing ...

  20. Balanço do nitrogênio da uréia (15N no sistema solo-planta na implantação da semeadura direta na cultura do milho Balance of nitrogen from urea (15N in the soil-plant system at the establishment of no-till in maize

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Glauber José de Castro Gava

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as possíveis alterações na produção e partição da fitomassa vegetal, no acúmulo de nitrogênio total e do nitrogênio na planta proveniente do fertilizante (NPPF, utilizando-se uréia (15N aplicada em adubação de cobertura, na cultura do milho, na fase de implantação do manejo de semeadura direta. Com essa finalidade foi desenvolvido um experimento em campo, em Nitossolo localizado na Fazenda Água Sumida próximo ao município de Barra Bonita (SP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos estudados foram: sistema de plantio convencional (uma aração e duas gradagens e sistema de semeadura direta, ambos adubados com uréia (15N, na dose de 100 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura. Em todos os tratamentos, foi feita adubação de semeadura, aplicando-se 25 kg ha-1 de N na forma de uréia, 80 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de superfosfato simples e 60 kg ha-1 de K2O como cloreto de potássio. No fim do ciclo foram realizadas comparações entre os tratamentos, da produtividade da cultura; da acumulação de nitrogênio pela parte aérea e parte subterrânea; da utilização do nitrogênio da uréia (15N pela cultura do milho e do nitrogênio residual do fertilizante no solo. As modificações no solo causadas pela implantação da semeadura direta não restringiram a disponibilidade de N para as plantas de milho e, por conseguinte, a produção de material seco. A eficiência de utilização do fertilizante nitrogenado (EUFN pelo milho e a recuperação do fertilizante nitrogenado no solo (RFNS foram, respectivamente, em torno de 45% e 30% para o N-uréia aplicado em cobertura não havendo diferença entre os sistemas de cultivo convencional e direto. Independentemente do sistema, o nitrogênio não recuperado da uréia, aplicado em cobertura na cultura do milho (NNR foi em média de 25%.This work aimed to study possible alterations in the production

  1. Cefaléia em pacientes com feocromocitoma: influência da hipertensão arterial Headache in patients with pheochromocytoma: influence of arterial hypertension

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ELCIO JULIATO PIOVESAN

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available A cefaléia no feocromocitoma é elemento diagnóstico importante, que pode caracterizar uma reação do organismo frente a oscilações hormonais patológicas. Após averiguação da hipertensão arterial e da cefaléia em 20 pacientes durante os períodos de descompensação do feocromocitoma, sugerimos que a hipertensão arterial isolada não é o único fator desencadeante dos fenômenos álgicos cranianos. A possibilidade das variações nas catecolaminas, adrenomedulina e outras substâncias neuroendócrinas deve ser melhor esclarecida para comprovar esta hipótese.Headache is an important diagnostic element in pheochromocytoma and it may characterize a body reaction to pathological hormonal oscillations. We observed the pheochromocytoma instability in 20 patients during arterial hypertension and tried to correlate with headache. We found that isolate hypertension is not the only factor in headache pathogenesis. It is possible that changes in catecholamines, adrenomedullin and other neuropeptides may cause some of these symptoms.

  2. ON the pathogenesis of headache following TIA A respeito da fisiopatologia da cefaléia pós-ataque isquêmico transitório

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Charles André

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available Twelve out of 49 patients with single or multiple transient ischemic attacks (TIAs had TIA-related headaches, mostly in close temporal relation to the ischemic onset. Headache predominated in patients taking vasodilators when TIA occurred or with orthostatic hypotension at the first clinical examination, but arterial hypertension or a personal history of migraine were not more frequent in patients with headache. The site of the pain did not correlate with the presumed territory of cerebral ischemia. Pain during TIA is conceivably due to an interaction between cerebral vessels and the surrounding nervous system. Blood vessels have a sturdy physiological role corcerning blood flow regulation, with receptors and signaling molecules potentialy involved with pain production. Reflex mechanisms should justify pain in other areas.Em uma série de 49 pacientes com episódios únicos ou múltiplos de ataque isquêmico transitório (AIT, 12 apresentaram cefaléia em estreita associação com as manifestações isquêmicas. Cefaléia foi mais freqüente em pacientes com hipotensão ortostática ao primeiro exame pós-TIA e naqueles em uso de vasodilatadores. Não foi detectada associação com hipotensão arterial ou com história pessoal ou familial de enxaqueca. A localização da dor teve pouca correlação com o território isquêmico, em pacientes com AIT vertebrobasilar ou carotídeo. A dor durante os AITs se deve provavelmente a interação entre vasos sangüíneos e sua inervação. Os vasos têm papel central no controle do fluxo sangüíneo cerebral. A gênese da dor é provavelmente ligada à estimulação de receptores e liberação de moléculas sinalizadoras da agressão isquêmica. Mecanismos reflexos parecem justificar a dor em territórios distantes à isquemia.

  3. Produção de proteína microbiana, concentração plasmática de uréia e excreções de uréia em novilhos alimentados com diferentes níveis de uréia ou casca de algodão Effects of feeding different levels of urea or cottonseed hulls on microbial protein synthesis, plasma urea concentration and urea excretion in steers

    OpenAIRE

    Karla Alves Magalhães; Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho; Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares; Mônica Lopes Paixão; Douglas dos Santos Pina; Pedro Veiga Rodrigues Paulino; Mário Luiz Chizzotti; Marcos Inácio Marcondes; Alexandre Magno Araújo; Marlos Oliveira Porto

    2005-01-01

    Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de uréia ou casca de algodão sobre a produção de proteína microbiana, estimada por meio dos derivados de purinas na urina, a concentração de uréia plasmática (NUP) e as excreções de uréia em novilhos, foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, 24 novilhos mestiços castrados, com peso vivo médio inicial de 300 kg, foram alocados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, nos quatro tratamentos: 0; 0,65; 1,30 e 1,95% de uréia na base da MS to...

  4. Uréia para Vacas em Lactação: 2. Estimativas do Volume Urinário, da Produção Microbiana e da Excreção de Uréia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silva Rosângela Maria Nunes da

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida, utilizando 15 vacas lactantes (Holandês x Gir alimentadas à vontade com rações isoprotéicas constituídas de 60% de silagem e 40% de concentrado na matéria seca (MS e 0; 0,7; 1,4; e 2,1% de uréia, correspondentes aos teores de 2,08; 4,01; 5,76; e 8,07% de proteína bruta na forma de compostos nitrogenados não-protéicos (NNP, com os objetivos de desenvolver metodologia não-invasiva, para estimar a produção de proteína microbiana, utilizando-se a excreção total de derivados de purinas (DP; avaliar as concentrações de creatinina, uréia e N-uréia no plasma e no leite; e comparar as excreções de DP e uréia obtidas a partir de coletas de urina total e spot. Os animais tinham peso vivo médio inicial de 511,8 kg e foram distribuídos ao acaso entre tratamentos. O período experimental teve duração de 90 dias para cada vaca, iniciando-se imediatamente após o parto. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados estatisticamente por análises de variância e de regressão. As amostras de urina foram obtidas a partir de coletas com 24 horas de duração ou a partir de amostra de urina obtida aproximadamente 4 horas após a alimentação (urina spot, enquanto as de sangue foram obtidas 4 horas após o fornecimento do alimento. As concentrações de uréia e N-uréia no plasma e leite, assim como a excreção de creatinina, que apresentou valor médio de 23,60 mg/kg PV, não foram afetadas pela adição de quantidades crescentes de NNP à ração. As excreções urinárias de uréia, alantoína, ácido úrico e DP, as purinas absorvidas e a produção de N microbiano não foram influenciadas pela dieta. As excreções diárias estimadas de uréia, alantoína e ácido úrico seguiram o mesmo padrão obtido pela coleta de 24 horas de duração. Amostra spot de urina foi capaz de estimar satisfatoriamente a excreção de DP e, subseqüentemente, a produção de N microbiano.

  5. Frequency of islet cell autoantibodies (IA-2 and GAD in young Brazilian type 1 diabetes patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pardini V.C.

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Type 1 diabetes, as an autoimmune disease, presents several islet cell-specific autoantibodies such as islet cell antibody (ICA, anti-insulin, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD and the antibody (Ab against tyrosine phosphatase (PTP-like protein known as ICA-512 (IA-2. In order to determine the frequency of the anti-GAD and anti-IA-2 autoantibodies in Brazilian type 1 diabetes patients we studied 35 diabetes mellitus (DM type 1 patients with recent-onset disease (£12 months and 37 type 1 diabetes patients with long-duration diabetes (>12 months who were compared to 12 children with normal fasting glucose. Anti-GAD65 and anti-IA-2 autoantibodies were detected with commercial immunoprecipitation assays. The frequency of positive results in recent-onset DM type 1 patients was 80.0% for GADAb, 62.9% for IA-2Ab and 82.9% for GADAb and/or IA-2Ab. The long-duration type 1 diabetes subjects presented frequencies of 54.1% for GADAb and IA-2Ab, and 67.5% for GAD and/or IA-2 antibodies. The control group showed no positive cases. Anti-GAD and IA-2 assays showed a high frequency of positivity in these Brazilian type 1 diabetes patients, who presented the same prevalence as a Caucasian population.

  6. Saúde coletiva: história de uma idéia e de um conceito

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Everardo Duarte Nunes

    1994-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho procura resgatar de forma sintética a trajetória histórica e conceitual da "Saúde Coletiva", evidenciando as suas raízes nos projetos preventivistas e da medicina social. Estes projetos, que se estenderam a partir dos anos 50 e que culminam com a idéia da chamada "Saúde Coletiva", apresentam aspectos que os diferenciam na apreensão do social e do coletivo. Ao tratar especificamente da idéia de uma Saúde Coletiva, o texto aponta para a sua tríplice dimensão: como corrente de pensamento, como movimento social e como prática teórica.

  7. Turismo receptivo em Curitiba: uma perspectiva da comercialização on-line pelas agências de turismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Pazini

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available O turista se utiliza de diversos canais de distribuição para poder viabilizar sua viagem e obter informações acerca do destino de seu interesse. Atualmente, a tecnologia oferece muitos recursos e ferramentas para consultas rápidas e práticas, que permitem o planejamento e a execução de uma viagem, por qualquer pessoa e de qualquer lugar do mundo. As agências de turismo receptivo são uma opção para o turista obter serviços na chegada ao destino, com comodidade e atendimento especializado. Mas, para ampliar e aperfeiçoar este acesso, a internet é uma ferramenta imprescindível para o visitante conhecer antecipadamente estes serviços, e incluir na sua programação. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o conteúdo informacional dos sites das agências de turismo receptivo em Curitiba, com enfoque nas características da comercialização de seus produtos, visando um turismo sustentável de qualidade. A metodologia utilizada foi de análise sistemática das informações disponibilizadas nos sites oficiais das agências associadas ao Núcleo de Turismo Receptivo de Curitiba, segundo indicadores da análise de sites voltados ao consumidor, apresentado pela OMT – Organização Mundial do Turismo. Como resultados da pesquisa, pode-se perceber que as poucas agências especializadas estão mais voltadas para um conteúdo informacional, e ainda não oferecem recursos e autonomia para reservas e compras on-line de seus produtos.

  8. Data of evolutionary structure change: 1A2IA-1WADA [Confc[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 1A2IA-1WADA 1A2I 1WAD A A APKAPADGLKMEATK-----QPVVFNHSTHKSVKCGDCH...HPVNGKEDYRKCGTAGCHDSMDKKDKSAKGYYHVMHDKN-TKFKSCVGCHVEVAGADAAKKKDLTGCKKSKCHE -VDVPADGAKIDFIAGGEKN... 1WAD A 1WADA IDFIAG...D A 1WADA VHDAKGGAKPT A 1WADA HHDPG-DKQYA - <

  9. Frequency of pregnant women with HBsAg in a Brazilian community Freqüência de gestantes portadoras do HBsAg em uma comunidade brasileira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geraldo Duarte

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available The work reported here points up the real benefits provided by neonatal immunoprophylaxis of newborns delivered by mothers who are seropositive for the hepatitis B virus surface antigen HBsAg and underscores the need to properly identify such mothers in Brazil so that immunoprophylaxis can be undertaken. To help determine levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV infection and seropositivity for various HBV markers among pregnant women in Southeast Brazil, investigators studied 7992 pregnant women delivering at the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo's Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Seroreactivity for HBsAg was determined first by serologic screening with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA procedure in which the sera were incubated for 2 hours and then by confirmation with another ELISA in which the sera were incubated for 18 hours. Subsequently, tests for anti-HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBeAg, and anti-HBcAg markers were conducted using confirmed positive samples. Initial screening found 84 of the 7992 samples (1.05%, 95% CI: 0.84-1.30 to be positive for HBsAg; however, this HBsAg positivity was confirmed in only 76 (0.95%, 95% CI: 0.75-1.19. The positivity rate was significantly higher among subjects whose pregnancies terminated in miscarriage (1.84% than among those with live births (0.83% (chi2, Yates correction = 7.6; P = 0.005. Anamnesis was able to identify HBV risk factors in only 27.6% of the confirmed HBsAg-positive subjects or close household contacts. However, 21.3% (95% CI: 1.04-30.56 of the confirmed HBsAg-positive subjects were found positive for HBeAg, indicating a high risk of vertical transmission of the virus. These results demonstrate a need to conduct specific serologic research at term, in order to provide effective neonatal immunoprophylactic benefits.Visando aferir a tasa de reatividade sérica do HBsAg e de outros marcadores da infecção pelo VHB em parturientes, além de avaliar

  10. Eletromiograma de superfície durante stress experimental como subsídio no diagnóstico da cefaléia tensional: resultados em 100 casos Surface scalp and neck electromyography with stress as diagnostic criterion in chronic tension headache: results in 100 cases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ceme Ferreira Jordy

    1995-09-01

    Full Text Available Eletromiograma de superfície foi realizado no crânio e pescoço, durante stress provocado por frio, em 100 pacientes sofrendo cefaléia crônica isolada. Os resultados de diagnóstico obtidos com a eletromiografia revelaram erro de 24% a 32% na avaliação clínica da cefaléia tensional segundo os critérios anamnésicos referendados pelo Comitê de Classificação das Cefaléias, da Sociedade Internacional de Cefaléia (1988. A eletromiografia durante stress é proposta como novo critério de diagnóstico da Cefaléia tensional.We report the use of surface scalp and neck electromyography during experimental stress state in a series of 100 out-patients suffering from chronic tension headache. Results revealed a 24% to 32% of diagnostic errors in the diagnostic obtained by routine anamnestic procedures and following the criteria recommended by the Headache Classification Commitee of the International Headache Society (1988. The electromyography with stress is proposed as a new diagnostic criterion for tension headache.

  11. Sintomas da síndrome de apnéia-hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono em crianças Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paloma Baiardi Gregório

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Investigar os sintomas mais freqüentes encontrados em crianças com diagnóstico polissonográfico de síndrome da apnéia-hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 38 crianças consecutivamente encaminhadas ao laboratório do sono com suspeita de SAHOS no período de junho de 2003 a dezembro de 2004. Os pacientes foram submetidos a um questionário pré-sono e a polissonografia. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 7,8 ± 4 anos (variação, 2-15 anos, sendo 50% das crianças do sexo masculino. Não apnéicos corresponderam a 7,9% dos pesquisados, distúrbio leve obstrutivo do sono ocorreu em 42,1%, moderado em 28,9% e severo em 22,1%. Observou-se maior freqüência de casos severos de apnéia entre crianças menores de seis anos (idade pré-escolar. Dentre as crianças com SAHOS, os sintomas mais citados foram ronco e obstrução nasal, presentes em 74,3 e 72,7% das crianças, respectivamente. Sonolência excessiva e bruxismo ocorreram em, respectivamente, 29,4 e 34,3% dos casos e doença do refluxo em apenas 3,1%. Agitação das pernas e dificuldade para iniciar o sono foram encontradas em, respectivamente, 65 e 33% dos avaliados. Todas as crianças que apresentaram SAHOS de grau severo tinham queixa de ronco e bruxismo. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados mostraram que os sintomas mais freqüentes em crianças e adolescentes com SAHOS são ronco e obstrução nasal. Além disso, quadros mais graves da SAHOS estão associados à menor faixa etária.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the symptoms most frequently found in children with a polysomnographic diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS. METHODS: We evaluated 38 children consecutively referred to the sleep laboratory with suspicion of OSAHS between June of 2003 and December of 2004. The patients were submitted to a pre-sleep questionnaire and to polysomnography. RESULTS: The mean age was 7.8 ± 4 years (range, 2-15 years, and 50% of the children

  12. BK polyomavirus genotypes Ia and Ib1 exhibit different biological properties in renal transplant recipients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Varella, Rafael B; Zalona, Ana Carolina J; Diaz, Nuria C; Zalis, Mariano G; Santoro-Lopes, Guilherme

    2018-01-02

    BK polyomavirus (BKV) is an opportunist agent associated with nephropathy (BKVAN) in 1-10% of kidney transplant recipients. BKV is classified into genotypes or subgroups according to minor nucleotidic variations with unknown biological implications. Studies assessing the possible association between genotypes and the risk of BKVAN in kidney transplant patients have presented conflicting results. In these studies, genotype Ia, which is highly prevalent in Brazil, was less frequently found and, thus, comparative data on the biological properties of this genotype are lacking. In this study, BKV Ia and Ib1 genotypes were compared according to their viral load, genetic evolution (VP1 and NCCR) - in a cohort of renal transplant recipients. The patients infected with Ia (13/23; 56.5%) genotype exhibited higher viral loads in urine [>1.4 log over Ib1 (10/23; 43.5%); p=0.025]. In addition, genotype Ia was associated with diverse mutations at VP1 loops and sites under positive selection outside loops, which were totally absent in Ib1. Although the number of viremic patients was similar, the three patients who had BK nephropathy (BKVAN) were infected with Ia genotype. NCCR architecture (ww or rr) were not distinctive between Ia and Ib1 genotypes. Ia genotype, which is rare in other published BKV cohorts, presented some diverse biological properties in transplanted recipients in comparison to Ib1. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Digestibilidade in situ de cana de açúcar (Saccharum officinarum nas formas natural ou ensilada, adicionadas ou não de uréia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos de Sousa Lucci

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Doze ovinos com cânulas de rúmen foram empregados para comparar seis tratamentos, dispostos em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 3: cana de açúcar nas formas fresca (CAF ou ensilada (CAS x teores de uréia iguais a 0,0%, 0,5% e 1,0%. Foram estimadas: taxas de degradabilidade efetiva (DGE dos alimentos volumosos, concentrações de ácidos graxos voláteis(AGV e de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3 e valores de pH do conteúdo do rúmen, além de concentrações de N-uréico no sangue. As taxas de DGE da matéria seca (MS mostraram-se semelhantes para CAF e CAS. A adição de teores crescentes de uréia às forragens resultou em diminuição linear da DGE da MS tanto da CAF como da CAS. No caso da CAS, a DGE da fibra em detergente neutro diminuiu linearmente com concentrações crescentes de uréia. Os valores de pH do conteúdo ruminal foram maiores para CAS em relação a CAF, mas não ocorreram diferenças devidas à adição de uréia. Os teores do conteúdo ruminal em total de AGV e os de ácido propiônico foram maiores para a CAF em relação a CAS; os de ácido acético, ao contrário, foram maiores para a CAS. Os teores de N-NH3 do conteúdo ruminal foram maiores para a CAS que para a CAF. Nos tratamentos com CAF e nos com CAS, as concentrações de N-NH3 no conteúdo ruminal e de N-uréico no sangue aumentaram linearmente com maiores adições de uréia. Concluiu-se que a adição de 0,5% e 1,0% uréia às forragens frescas ou ensiladas de cana-de-açucar não mostrou resultados satisfatórios e que CAF apresentou indícios de melhor qualidade nutricional que CAS.

  14. First principles study of the Ag nanoclusters adsorption effect on the photocatalytic properties of AgBr(1 1 0) surface

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chi, Yuhua; Zhao, Lianming; Li, Xue; Zhu, Houyu; Guo, Wenyue

    2018-05-01

    The electronic structures and photocatalytic performance of Agn/AgBr(1 1 0)(n = 7-13) are studied using density functional theory (DFT). The adsorption of Agn (n = 7-13) nanoclusters on AgBr(1 1 0) surface induces a new metal-induced gap band (MIGB) located between the valence band (VB) and the conduction band (CB), the variety of the electronic characters of AgBr(1 1 0) favor the visible and infrared light absorption, which improves the sunlight utilization. The dominant localization of the photo-excited electrons on the Agn clusters of Agn/AgBr(1 1 0)(n = 7-13) facilitates the oxidation-reduction reactions occurring on the surface and also effectively reduces the photolysis of AgBr under the sunlight irradiation. The overpotentials of the CB and VB edges indicate that photocatalytic conversion of CO2 with H2O to methanol is possible on AgBr(1 1 0) deposited with the Agn nanoclusters, which has been realized experimentally (An et al., 2012). The substantial strengthening of visible and infrared light absorption and the free energy profiles for the conversion of CO2 with H2O to methanol indicate that Ag13/AgBr(1 1 0) surface can be expected to be the excellent photocatalysts.

  15. Análise da Disciplina de Filas no Atendimento ao Cidadão em Agências da Previdência Social: um Estudo de Caso

    OpenAIRE

    Longaray, André Andrade; Santos, Anne Caroline dos; Munhoz, Paulo Roberto; Castelli, Tiago Machado

    2016-01-01

    O presente trabalho descreve um estudo sobre a disciplina de filas em uma Agência da Previdência Social (APS). Com o propósito de sugerir melhorias no atendimento que implicassem a redução dos tempos de espera e na otimização do fluxo do processo, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma das agências existentes no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados mediante técnica de observação estruturada e analisados estatisticamente. Como instrumento de intervenção, foram utilizadas as fe...

  16. Riqueza de espécies de fungos conidiais em duas áreas de Mata Atlântica no Morro da Pioneira, Serra da Jibóia, BA, Brasil Species richness of conidial fungi in two areas of Atlantic Forest at Morro da Pioneira, Serra da Jibóia, Bahia State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Fabio Oliveira Marques

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available A Serra da Jibóia, fragmento de Mata Atlântica situado no município de Santa Terezinha, Bahia, está incluído entre as áreas prioritárias para conservação. Com o objetivo de conhecer os fungos conidiais decompositores da serapilheira nesse ecossistema, foram realizadas cinco expedições a cada dois meses, de outubro/2005 a junho/2006. Trinta amostras de material vegetal (folhas, pecíolos, galhos e cascas foram coletadas em três parcelas de 10 m², eqüidistantes entre si (10 m, delimitadas em duas áreas com vegetação e umidade diferentes. As amostras foram lavadas em água corrente e incubadas em câmaras-úmidas por um mês; durante esse período as estruturas fúngicas foram retiradas dos substratos para estudo, sendo identificadas 106 espécies de fungos conidiais. Embora apresentando número equivalente de espécies, houve baixa similaridade (25%, segundo o índice de Sørensen, entre as comunidades de fungos conidiais das duas áreas. Os dados contribuem para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a distribuição e a diversidade de fungos conidiais que colonizam substratos vegetais na Mata Atlântica e mostram a riqueza de espécies das áreas estudadas.The fragment of Atlantic Forest at Serra da Jibóia, municipality of Santa Terezinha, Bahia state, is a priority area for conservation. Five expeditions were undertaken every two months, from October/2005 to June/2006, in order to investigate the fungi that decompose leaf litter in this ecosystem. Thirty samples of plant debris (leaves, petioles, twigs and bark were collected in three parcels of 10 m², 10 m from each other, in two areas with different vegetation and humidity. Samples were washed in tap water and incubated in moist chambers for 30 days; during this period fungal structures on substrates were studied and 106 species of conidial fungi were identified. In spite of the similar number of species, there was low similarity (25% between the communities of conidial fungi of the

  17. Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 nanoroasted rice beads with photocatalytic, antibacterial and anticancer activity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Selvamani, Muthamizh; Krishnamoorthy, Giribabu; Ramadoss, Manigandan; Sivakumar, Praveen Kumar; Settu, Munusamy; Ranganathan, Suresh; Vengidusamy, Narayanan

    2016-01-01

    Increasing resistance of pathogens and cancer cell line towards antibiotics and anticancer agents has caused serious health problems in the past decades. Due to these problems in recent years, researchers have tried to combine nanotechnology with material science to have intrinsic antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The metals and metal oxides were investigated with respect to their antimicrobial and anticancer effects towards bacteria and cancer cell line. In the present work metal@metal tungstate (Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 nanoroasted rice beads) is investigated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using Mueller-Hinton broth and the anticancer activity against B16F10 cell line was studied. Silver decorated silver tungstate (Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6) was synthesized by the microwave irradiation method using Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB). Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 was characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques. The phase and crystalline nature were analyzed by using XRD. The morphological analysis was carried out using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). Further, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectral analysis were carried out in order to ascertain the presence of functional groups in Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6. The optical property was investigated using Diffuse Reflectance Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (DRS-UV–Vis) and the band gap was found to be 3.08 eV. Surface area of the synthesized Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 wasanalyzed by BET analysis and Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 was utilized for the degradation of organic dyes methylene blue and rhodamine B. The morphology of the Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 resembles roasted rice beads with breath and length in nm range. The oxidation state of tungsten (W) and silver (Ag) was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). - Highlights: • Synthesis of Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 nanoroasted rice beads using

  18. Avaliação clínica da eficácia da combinação paracetamol e cafeína no tratamento da cefaléia tipo tensão Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of the acetaminophen and caffeine combination in the treatment of tension headache

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    GETÚLIO DARÉ RABELLO

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available A cefaléia tipo tensão em suas duas modalidades, episódica e crônica, é a forma mais comum de dor de cabeça na população. O tratamento é feito com medidas não farmacológicas e farmacológicas, tanto para o ataque como profilaxia das crises. Este estudo foi realizado com 5490 pacientes, que procuraram ambulatórios e consultórios médicos em várias regiões do Brasil. Cerca de 95% apresentavam cefaléia tipo tensão episódica e 5% cefaléia tipo tensão crônica. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou crises de intensidade moderada (62,19%. Em 5419 pacientes uma crise de cefaléia tipo tensão foi tratada com 1000 mg de paracetamol e 130 mg de cafeína. Em 93,98% início de melhora foi observado em até 2 horas após a ingestão da medicação. Em 77,61% houve reversão completa da crise em até 2 horas. Avaliação da eficácia boa/excelente foi observada em 51,93%/37,80% dos casos quando feita pelos médicos e em 48,51%/40,29 quando pelos pacientes. Efeitos adversos, em geral manifestações gastrointestinais, foram observados em 5,57%. Este estudo representa uma experiência brasileira no tratamento de ataque da cefaléia tipo tensão, demonstrando eficácia e segurança no uso da combinação paracetamol-cafeína.Tension type headache in both its forms, episodic and chronic, is the most common type of headache experienced by the population. The headache attack or the prevention of new crises may be treated with pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological measures. This study included 5,490 patients from out-patient clinics and medical offices covering various regions of Brazil. Approximately 95% of the subjects had episodic tension type headache, while 5% had chronic tension type headache. The majority of the patients presented with crisis of moderate intensity (62.19%. In 5,419 patients a tension type headache crisis was treated with acetaminophen 1000 mg and caffeine 130 mg. In 93.98%, onset of relief occurred within 2 hours of

  19. O uso de bambu e metal clay no design de jóias de arte

    OpenAIRE

    Takamitsu, Helen Tatiana [UNESP

    2011-01-01

    Esta dissertação teve como objetivo desenvolver processos de confecção de Jóias de Arte ecologicamente corretas em bambu e metal clay. Para tanto foram projetados e confeccionados alguns protótipos de jóias com estes materiais, aliando o material renovável bambu e o metal clay, que é proveniente da reciclagem de chapas fotográficas e outros resíduos industriais. Foram confeccionados um anel, uma pulseira e um pingente, com partes de colmos de bambu devidamente secos, da espécie Dendrocalamus ...

  20. Rinoliquorréia e hidrocefalia por gliose do aqueduto cerebral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Walter C. Pereira

    1967-03-01

    Full Text Available É relatado um caso de hidrocefalia tardia, determinada por gliose do aqueduto cerebral, complicada com rinoliquorréia. A fístula do líquido cefalorraqueano se estabeleceu em conseqüência da erosão da sela turca pelo assoalho do 3.° ventriculo hipertenso e dilatado, determinando comunicação entre a cavidade ventricular e o seio esfenoidal. O paciente foi operado, tendo a fístula sido ocluída satisfatoriamente; previamente foi feita derivação ventrículo-peritoneal para evitar recidiva da hipertensão do sistema ventricular.

  1. Amnesic shellfish poisoning biotoxin detection in seawater using pure or amino-functionalized Ag nanoparticles and SERS.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Müller, Csilla; Glamuzina, Branko; Pozniak, Iva; Weber, Karina; Cialla, Dana; Popp, Jürgen; Cîntă Pînzaru, Simona

    2014-12-01

    Domoic acid (DA) biotoxin responsible for the amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) has been unambiguously detected in seawater in a broad range of concentration, with both pure and amino-functionalized Ag nanoparticles employed for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). To achieve this, a comprehensive SERS study on DA dissolved in distilled water has been conducted. SERS of DA dissolved in seawater in concentrations ranging from 3.3 × 10(-4) to 3.3 × 10(-8) mol l(-1) exhibited specific signal, completely different to those of the corresponding DA aqueous solutions, due to the seawater interference in the overall SERS effect. In order to assess the capability of the technique as a cheaper alternative for rapid and unambiguous detection of the DA biotoxin in seawater, three detection schemes have been proposed. DA was detectable at 0.33 nmoll(-1) concentration (0.33) dissolved in distilled water and 0.033 nmol l(-1) (0.033 ppb) in seawater respectively, much lower than the admitted level by the current regulation. A solvent specific interaction of DA with the NPs was concluded, since DA aqueous solution added to Ag nanoparticles provided different SERS signal compared to that of DA directly dissolved in seawater. Employing amino-functionalized Ag nanoparticles with 4-aminothiophenol as SERS tag, SERS signal of DA on amino-AgNPs revealed significant specificity associated with the aromatic primary amine interaction of the SERS tag with DA, thus allowing DA detection in seawater at 4.16 × 10(-4) mol l(-1) concentration, much higher than in the case of pure NPs. To highlight the findings, a brief literature review to date on the DA biotoxin detection was also provided. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. A TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA AT REDSHIFT 1.55 IN HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE INFRARED OBSERVATIONS FROM CANDELS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodney, Steven A.; Riess, Adam G.; Jones, David O.; Dahlen, Tomas; Ferguson, Henry C.; Casertano, Stefano; Grogin, Norman A.; Strolger, Louis-Gregory; Hjorth, Jens; Frederiksen, Teddy F.; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Mobasher, Bahram; Challis, Peter; Kirshner, Robert P.; Faber, S. M.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Garnavich, Peter; Hayden, Brian; Graur, Or; Jha, Saurabh W.

    2012-01-01

    We report the discovery of a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) at redshift z = 1.55 with the infrared detector of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3-IR) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This object was discovered in CANDELS imaging data of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and followed as part of the CANDELS+CLASH Supernova project, comprising the SN search components from those two HST multi-cycle treasury programs. This is the highest redshift SN Ia with direct spectroscopic evidence for classification. It is also the first SN Ia at z > 1 found and followed in the infrared, providing a full light curve in rest-frame optical bands. The classification and redshift are securely defined from a combination of multi-band and multi-epoch photometry of the SN, ground-based spectroscopy of the host galaxy, and WFC3-IR grism spectroscopy of both the SN and host. This object is the first of a projected sample at z > 1.5 that will be discovered by the CANDELS and CLASH programs. The full CANDELS+CLASH SN Ia sample will enable unique tests for evolutionary effects that could arise due to differences in SN Ia progenitor systems as a function of redshift. This high-z sample will also allow measurement of the SN Ia rate out to z ≈ 2, providing a complementary constraint on SN Ia progenitor models.

  3. Dark Matter Ignition of Type Ia Supernovae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bramante, Joseph

    2015-10-02

    Recent studies of low redshift type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) indicate that half explode from less than Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs, implying ignition must proceed from something besides the canonical criticality of Chandrasekhar mass SN Ia progenitors. We show that 1-100 PeV mass asymmetric dark matter, with imminently detectable nucleon scattering interactions, can accumulate to the point of self-gravitation in a white dwarf and collapse, shedding gravitational potential energy by scattering off nuclei, thereby heating the white dwarf and igniting the flame front that precedes SN Ia. We combine data on SN Ia masses with data on the ages of SN Ia-adjacent stars. This combination reveals a 2.8σ inverse correlation between SN Ia masses and ignition ages, which could result from increased capture of dark matter in 1.4 vs 1.1 solar mass white dwarfs. Future studies of SN Ia in galactic centers will provide additional tests of dark-matter-induced type Ia ignition. Remarkably, both bosonic and fermionic SN Ia-igniting dark matter also resolve the missing pulsar problem by forming black holes in ≳10  Myr old pulsars at the center of the Milky Way.

  4. Aplicação de AG3 e CPPU na qualidade da uva 'Itália' em Porto Feliz-SP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandro Rodrigues

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available A videira 'Itália' (Vitis vinifera L. é a cultivar de uva fina para mesa mais consumida no Brasil. A qualidade dos cachos é uma característica fundamental, sendo o tamanho das bagas o componente mais valorizado pelos consumidores. Uma das alternativas para incrementar a qualidade das bagas é o uso de biorreguladores. Avaliaram-se, em três ciclos de produção, os efeitos de doses de ácido giberélico (AG3 isolado e associado com forchlorfenuron (CPPU, na qualidade dos cachos de uva Itália produzida em Porto Feliz-SP. A aplicação dos biorreguladores foi realizada aos 25 dias após o florescimento, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 4X4 (zero, 10; 20 e 30 mg L-1 AG3 X zero, 5; 10 e 15 mg L-1 CPPU, com oito repetições para o primeiro ciclo, e fatorial 3X3 (zero, 20 e 30 mg L-1 AG3 X zero, 10 e 20 mg L-1 CPPU com dez repetições para o segundo e terceiro ciclos. A mistura de 20 mg L-1 de AG3 com 10 mg L-1 de CPPU promoveu o incremento do comprimento e do diâmetro das bagas sem prejuízo da massa dos cachos, melhorando sua qualidade, em Porto Feliz-SP. O uso de CPPU isoladamente acarretou em redução do teor de sólidos solúveis das bagas.

  5. 75 FR 76294 - Radio Broadcasting Services: Pacific Junction, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-12-08

    ... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 73 [DA 10-2236; MB Docket No. 10-108] Radio Broadcasting Services: Pacific Junction, IA AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The staff deletes FM Channel 299C2 at Pacific Junction, Iowa, because the record in this...

  6. Produção de proteína microbiana, concentração plasmática de uréia e excreções de uréia em novilhos alimentados com diferentes níveis de uréia ou casca de algodão Effects of feeding different levels of urea or cottonseed hulls on microbial protein synthesis, plasma urea concentration and urea excretion in steers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karla Alves Magalhães

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de uréia ou casca de algodão sobre a produção de proteína microbiana, estimada por meio dos derivados de purinas na urina, a concentração de uréia plasmática (NUP e as excreções de uréia em novilhos, foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, 24 novilhos mestiços castrados, com peso vivo médio inicial de 300 kg, foram alocados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, nos quatro tratamentos: 0; 0,65; 1,30 e 1,95% de uréia na base da MS total, em substituição à proteína do farelo de soja. No segundo, 16 novilhos mestiços, com peso vivo médio inicial de 230 kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, nos quatro tratamentos: 0, 10, 20 e 30% de casca de algodão na base da MS total, em substituição à silagem de capim-elefante. As amostras de urina foram obtidas por meio da coleta de urina spot, na qual foram determinados os derivados de purinas (alantoína e ácido úrico. No soro sanguíneo e na urina, foram analisadas as concentrações de uréia e creatinina. Não houve efeito dos níveis de uréia, tampouco dos de casca de algodão, sobre os derivados de purinas e sobre a eficiência de síntese microbiana. A concentração de NUP e a excreção de uréia não foram influenciadas pelos níveis de uréia das rações. A concentração de NUP decresceu linearmente com a inclusão da casca de algodão na dieta. Tanto a uréia quanto a casca de algodão podem ser utilizadas, até os níveis de 1,95% e 30%, respectivamente, na MS total da dieta de novilhos de origem leiteira, sem afetar a eficiência de síntese microbiana.Two trials were conducted to study the effects of different levels of urea or cottonseed hulls on yield of microbial protein, estimated by the urinary excretion of purine derivatives, concentration of plasma urea, and excretion of urea in steers. In the first trial, 24 crossbred castrated steers averaging 300 kg of initial live

  7. Alloy formation during the electrochemical growth of a Ag-Cd ultrathin film on Au(1 1 1)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barrio, M.C. del; Garcia, S.G.; Salinas, D.R.

    2009-01-01

    The electrodeposition of a Ag/Cd ultrathin film on a Au(1 1 1) surface and the formation of a surface alloy during this process have been studied using classical electrochemical techniques and in situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). The films were obtained from separate electrolytes containing Ag + or Cd 2+ ions and from a multicomponent solution containing both ions. First, the polarization conditions were adjusted in order to form a Ag film by overpotential deposition. Afterwards, a Cd monolayer was formed onto this Au(1 1 1)/Ag modified surface by underpotential deposition. The voltammetric behavior of the Cd UPD and the in situ STM images indicated that the ultrathin Ag films were uniformly deposited and epitaxially oriented with respect to the Au(1 1 1) surface. Long time polarization experiments showed that a significant Ag-Cd surface alloying accompanied the formation of the Cd monolayer on the Au(1 1 1)/Ag modified surface, independent of the Ag film thickness. In the case of an extremely thin Ag layer (1 Ag ML) the STM images and long time polarization experiments revealed a solid state diffusion process of Cd, Ag, and Au atoms which can be responsible for the formation of different Ag-Cd or Au-Ag-Cd alloy phases.

  8. O ethos da empresa e a atividade do jornalista de uma agência de notícias

    OpenAIRE

    Nascimento, Luiz Marine José do

    2008-01-01

    O objetivo desta tese é desenvolver um processo de investigação acerca de como se caracteriza a atividade de trabalho do jornalista e do ethos de uma agência de notícias em tempo real , por meio do método de instrução ao sósia, criado por Oddone, com adaptações, ressaltando as contribuições da linguagem no tratamento das questões do trabalho, tendo como documento prescritivo o Manual de Operações Editoriais da Reuters. Os fundamentos teóricos conjugam noções dessas dimensões h...

  9. Diálogo entre a teoria e prática da comunicação da marca: A utilização do branding pelas agências de publicidade e propaganda do Vale do Itajaí - SC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kamila Uberto

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar a utilização do branding como sistema para o gerenciamento de marca pelas agências de publicidade e propaganda do Vale do Itajaí. O método de pesquisa adotado é caracterizado como qualitativo e quantitativo, valendo-se de um questionário composto por perguntas abertas e fechadas como principal fonte de dados primários, onde foram entrevistadas agências de publicidade e propaganda do Vale do Itajaí – SC. Os resultados revelam que o mercado regional ainda está em processo de amadurecimento quanto à gestão da marca, necessitando um desenvolvimento da prática do branding de maneira mais aprofundada, visando à valorização dos ativos intangíveis, além da mensuração do valor da marca.

  10. First-principles study of Sb adsorption on Ag(1 1 0)(2 x 2)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nie, J.L.; Xiao, H.Y.; Zu, X.T.; Gao Fei

    2006-01-01

    The adsorption of antimony atom on the Ag(1 1 0) surface has been studied within the density functional theory framework. It was turned out that Sb-Ag surface alloy was formed in which Sb atoms substitute Ag atom in the outermost layer and subsurface site absorption was not preferred, suggesting that Sb is well segregated to the surface. Geometric analysis showed that rumpling between substitutional Sb and Ag in the alloy surface is negligible. These results are found to agree well with the experimental finding of Nascimento et al. [Surf. Sci. 572 (2004) 337]. In addition, investigation of the diffusion of Ag atom on bare and Sb-covered Ag(1 1 0) surface showed that Ag adatoms will jump along the so call in-channel direction and Sb substitution has little effect on the diffusion of Ag adatoms on Ag(1 1 0) surface. Such diffusion behavior was found to be different from that of Ag adatoms on Ag(1 1 1) surface, where the diffusion energy barrier was reported to be significantly increased upon Sb substitution [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1993) 2437

  11. The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed SNe Ia from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from the Combined Pantheon Sample

    Science.gov (United States)

    Scolnic, D. M.; Jones, D. O.; Rest, A.; Pan, Y. C.; Chornock, R.; Foley, R. J.; Huber, M. E.; Kessler, R.; Narayan, G.; Riess, A. G.; Rodney, S.; Berger, E.; Brout, D. J.; Challis, P. J.; Drout, M.; Finkbeiner, D.; Lunnan, R.; Kirshner, R. P.; Sanders, N. E.; Schlafly, E.; Smartt, S.; Stubbs, C. W.; Tonry, J.; Wood-Vasey, W. M.; Foley, M.; Hand, J.; Johnson, E.; Burgett, W. S.; Chambers, K. C.; Draper, P. W.; Hodapp, K. W.; Kaiser, N.; Kudritzki, R. P.; Magnier, E. A.; Metcalfe, N.; Bresolin, F.; Gall, E.; Kotak, R.; McCrum, M.; Smith, K. W.

    2018-06-01

    We present optical light curves, redshifts, and classifications for 365 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered by the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) Medium Deep Survey. We detail improvements to the PS1 SN photometry, astrometry, and calibration that reduce the systematic uncertainties in the PS1 SN Ia distances. We combine the subset of 279 PS1 SNe Ia (0.03 Ia from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), SNLS, and various low-z and Hubble Space Telescope samples to form the largest combined sample of SNe Ia, consisting of a total of 1048 SNe Ia in the range of 0.01 Ia to measure dark energy.

  12. Studies on L-histidine capped Ag and Au nanoparticles for dopamine detection

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nivedhini Iswarya, Chandrasekaran; Kiruba Daniel, S.C.G. [Division of Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University-BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620024 (India); Sivakumar, Muthusamy, E-mail: muthusiva@gmail.com [Division of Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University-BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620024 (India); Department of Chemistry, Anna University-BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620024 (India)

    2017-06-01

    This work demonstrates the effective surface functionalization of Ag, Au and bimetallic Ag-Au nanoparticles using L-histidine for colorimetric detection of dopamine (DA) which plays majorly in recognizing the neurological disorder. L-Histidine (L-His) capped Ag, Au, and bimetallic Ag-Au nanoparticles are characterized using physico-chemical techniques. The optical behaviour of nanoparticles has been analysed at various time intervals using UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. FT-IR results provide the evidence of chemical bonding between L-histidine and metal nanoparticles. Its structure with the capping of L-His was clearly shown in HR-TEM images. The average size of nanoparticles has calculated from TEM image fringes are 11 nm, 5 nm and 6.5 nm respectively, matches with crystals size calculated from X-ray diffraction pattern. Enhanced optical nature of nanoparticles provides the best platform to develop a colorimetric-based biosensor for DA detection. After addition of DA, a rapid colour change has been noted in colloids of nanoparticles. The substantial changes in absorbance and λ{sub max} in metal nanoparticles respect to DA concentration have been observed and formulated. This is one of the successive methods for trace level determination of DA and will be going to a significant material for designing biosensor to determine DA in real extracellular body fluids. - Highlights: • L-His functionalized Ag, Au and bimetallic Ag-Au nanoparticles were prepared and its properties were studied. • L-His based Ag, Au, Ag-Au nanoparticles have characterized by spectroscopy, XRD and microscopic studies. • Enhanced optical nature of nanoparticles delivers the best platform to develop a biosensor for DA detection. • For qualitative determination of dopamine, SPR of metal nanoparticles plays a major role in dopamine determination. • This basic finding can be utilized for further identification of imbalanced DA concentration in body fluids.

  13. A Chemical, High-Temperature Way to Ag1.9Te via Quasi-Topotactic Reaction of Stuetzite-type Ag1.54Te: Structural and Thermoelectric Properties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baumer, Franziska; Nilges, Tom

    2017-11-20

    Semiconducting silver tellurides gained reasonable interest in the past years due to its thermoelectric, magneto-caloric, and nonlinear optic properties. Nanostructuring has been frequently used to address quantum-confinement effects of minerals and synthetic compounds in the Ag-Te system. Here, we report on the structural, thermal, and thermoelectric properties of stuetzite-like Ag 1.54 Te (or Ag 4.63 Te 3 ) and Ag 1.9 Te. By a quasi-topotactic reaction upon tellurium evaporation Ag 1.54 Te can be transferred to Ag 1.9 Te after heat treatment. Crystal structures, thermal and thermoelectric properties of stuetzite-like Ag 1.54 Te (or Ag 4.63 Te 3 ) and Ag 1.9 Te were determined by ex situ and in situ experiments. This method represents an elegant chemical way to Ag 1.9 Te, which was so far only accessible electrochemically via electrochemical removal of silver from the mineral hessite (Ag 2 Te). The mixed conductors show reasonable high total electric conductivities, very low thermal conductivities, and large Seebeck coefficients, which result in a significant high thermoelectric figure of 0.57 at 680 K.

  14. MINERALIZAÇÃO E VOLATILIZAÇÃO DO NITROGÊNIO DA VINHAÇA-15N NA PRESENÇA OU NÃO DE URÉIA E DE PALHA DE CANA- DE-AÇÚCAR MINERALIZATION AND VOLATILIZATION OF NITROGEN FROM VINASSE-15N IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF UREA AND SUGARCANE TRASH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vilma Maria Silva

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available O N mineral e o N volatilizado derivado da vinhaça marcada com 15N foram determinados em amostras de dois solos (Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, arenoso - PV, e Latossolo Roxo, argiloso - LR do município de Piracicaba, SP, em experimento de laboratório. Os solos foram tratados com vinhaça marcada com 15N (V* na dose de 100 mg.kg-1 de N-vinhaça. Os tratamentos constaram da aplicação de vinhaça isoladamente (V*, de vinhaça e uréia (V*+U, de vinhaça e palha de cana-de-açúcar (V*+P, e de vinhaça mais uréia e palha (V*+U+P, e foram incubados por 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias. As parcelas foram constituídas por 50 g de solo. As doses de incorporação de N-uréia e palha de cana-de-açúcar foram de 220 mg.kg-1 e 22 g.kg-1, respectivamente. As concentrações de N-NH4+ e N-NO3- no solo proveniente da vinhaça foram influenciadas pelo tipo de solo. A adição aos solos da uréia e da vinhaça promoveu uma maior disponibilidade de N-NH4+ e de N-NO3- proveniente da vinhaça. A adição de palha e de vinhaça não alterou as concentrações de N-NH4+ e de N-NO3- provenientes da vinhaça nos solos. A adição da palha, da uréia e da vinhaça não alterou as concentrações de N-NH4+ e as concentrações de N-NO3- aumentaram apenas no solo LR ao longo do tempo. As perdas por volatilização de N da vinhaça foram, em geral, crescentes, para todos os tratamentos no solo PV e mais elevadas (14 % que no solo LR (5%; neste, foram bem similares.The mineralized and volatilized nitrogen derived from vinasse labelled with 15N were determined in a laboratory experiment, using samples of two soils [a sandy Red-Yellow Podzolic - PV and a clayey Latosol - LR (Oxisol], collected in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The experiment consisted of four treatments: application of vinasse (V*; vinasse with urea (V*+U; vinasse with sugarcane straw (V*+P; and vinasse with urea and sugarcane straw (V*+U+P. Vinasse, labelled with 15N (V* was applied at a rate of 100 mg.kg-1 of N

  15. Intravenous chlorpromazine in the acute treatment of episodic tension-type headache: a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study Clorpromazina parenteral no tratamento agudo da cefaléia do tipo tensional episódica: estudo randomizado, com mascaramento duplo, controlado por placebo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Eduardo Bigal

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available Acute headache is a very frequent symptom, responsible for a significant percentage of caseload at primary care units and emergency rooms. Chlorpromazine is easily available in such settings. The aim of this study is to conduct a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to assess the efficacy of chlorpromazine on the acute treatment of episodic tension-type headache. We randomized 30 patients to receive placebo (10 ml of saline intravenous injections and 30 patients to receive 0.1 mg/Kg chlorpromazine intravenously. We used 7 parameters of analgesic evaluation. Patients receiving chlorpromazine showed a statistically significant improvement (p Cefaléia aguda é queixa frequente, responsável por percentual significativo dos casos atendidos em unidades básicas de saúde e unidades de emergência. A clorpromazina é droga usualmente disponível nessas unidades. Apresentamos dados de estudo randomizado, controlado por placebo e com mascaramento duplo, que avaliou a eficácia da clorpromazina no tratamento agudo da cefaléia do tipo tensional episódica. Trinta pacientes foram randomizados para receber placebo (10 ml de solução salina endovenosa e 30 pacientes para receber clorpromazina endovenosa, na dose de 0,1 mg/Kg. Foram usados 7 parâmetros de avaliação analgésica. Pacientes que receberam clorpromazina mostraram significativa redução da dor quando comparados com o grupo placebo (p < 0,05 and p < 0,01, 30 minutos após a administração da droga. O ganho terapêutico foi de 36,7% em 30 minutos e 56,6 % em 60 minutos. O número que se necessita tratar (NNT, a recíproca do ganho terapêutico foi 2,7 em 30 minutos e 1,8 em 60 minutos. Houve redução nos índices de recorrência e de utilização de medicação de resgate no grupo que recebeu clorpromazina. Podemos concluir que clorpromazina em administração parenteral é droga efetiva para o alívio da dor de pacientes com cefaléia do tipo tensional, seu uso sendo

  16. Uma análise das diferenças em termos da cultura a partir do projeto de substituição da IAS 39: financial instruments - recognition and measurement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudia Daniela Ferreira da Mota Carvalho

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available A cultura contabilística de cada país é frequentemente encarada como um obstáculo à plena harmonização contabilística. Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar as diferenças em termos da cultura a partir da participação dos respondentes nos processos de emissão/alteração de normas do International Accounting Standard Board (Iasb. Para o efeito, foram analisadas as comment letters enviadas ao Iasb no contexto da primeira parte da primeira fase do projeto de substituição da International Accounting Standard (IAS 39: Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement pela International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 9. Os países respondentes foram identificados em função da classificação proposta por Gray (1988, sendo posteriormente os dados recolhidos submetidos ao teste não paramétrico do qui-quadrado. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam a existência de diferenças em termos da cultura nas respostas obtidas dos países, particularmente no contexto do valor contabilístico do conservadorismo, não se identificando evidências de tais diferenças para os valores do secretismo, do profissionalismo e da uniformidade. Conclui-se, assim, que os países classificados como conservadores têm preferência por práticas de mensuração mais conservadoras, baseadas, designadamente, no custo ou no custo amortizado, em detrimento de critérios de mensuração baseados no justo valor. Pretende-se que os resultados obtidos neste estudo prestem o suporte necessário à tomada de decisões por parte dos organismos emissores de normas internacionais, bem como pelos responsáveis nacionais pela subscrição das referidas normas.

  17. Utilização do nitrogênio (15N residual de coberturas de solo e da uréia pela cultura do milho Utilization of residual nitrogen (15N from cover crop and urea by corn

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edson Cabral da Silva

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Geralmente, grande parte do N de fertilizantes minerais e de plantas de cobertura de solo não é aproveitada pelo milho no cultivo imediato à aplicação, o qual pode ser absorvido pelas culturas cultivadas subseqüentemente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o aproveitamento pelo milho do N residual da uréia, da crotalária (Crotalaria juncea e do milheto (Pennisetum americanum marcados com 15N, aplicados ao milho cultivado em sistema plantio direto, no ano agrícola anterior, num Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico no Cerrado. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira-UNESP, Selvíria (MS, em áreas distintas. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com 15 tratamentos e quatro repetições, aplicados ao milho em 2001/02 e 2002/03. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 x 5, compreendendo a combinação de três coberturas de solo: crotalária juncea, milheto e vegetação espontânea (pousio, e cinco doses de N-uréia: 0, 30, 80, 130 e 180 kg ha-1. Após a colheita do milho, as duas áreas permaneceram em pousio nas entressafras e, em seguida, cultivadas novamente com milho, safras 2002/03 (experimento 1 e 2003/04 (experimento 2, utilizando adubação similar em todas as parcelas, para distinguir o efeito do N residual. O aproveitamento médio do N residual da parte aérea do milheto e da crotalária pelo milho foi inferior a 3,5 e 3 %, respectivamente, da quantidade inicial. A quantidade de N residual da uréia absorvida pelo milho aumentou de forma quadrática, no experimento 1, e linear, no experimento 2, em relação à dose de N aplicada, sendo o aproveitamento desta inferior a 3 %. As coberturas de solo não influenciaram o aproveitamento pelo milho do N residual da uréia, e vice-versa.The majority of N from mineral fertilizers and cover crops is usually not used by the very next corn crop, but can be absorbed by follow-up crops. The objective of this

  18. Caracterização faciológica e estratigráfica dos depósitos Flúvio-eólicos da Formação Pirambóia, permo-triássico da Bacia do Paraná, Oeste do Rio Grande

    OpenAIRE

    Adriana Damiani Rodrigues

    2015-01-01

    O objetivo principal desta dissertação é elaborar um arcabouço faciológico e estratigráfico para os depósitos flúvio-eólicos da Formação Pirambóia, Permo-Triássico da Bacia do Paraná, no bloco oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O entendimento dos processos controladores da sedimentação e a relação entre os depósitos fluviais e eólicos foram fundamentais para estabelecer um modelo estratigráfico de alta resolução. A análise faciológica determinou 10 litofácies que foram agrupadas em seis as...

  19. Carbono, matéria orgânica leve e frações oxidáveis do carbono orgânico sob sistemas de aléias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roni Fernandes Guareschi

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de carbono orgânico (COT do solo, matéria orgânica leve (MOL em água e as frações oxidáveis do COT em uma área de cultivo de milho em aléias de Flemingia macrophylla submetida a diferentes manejos de sua parte aérea. A área de estudo está localizada na “Fazendinha Agroecológica”, no município de Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O desenho experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com 3 tratamentos e 8 repetições, consistindo dos seguintes tratamentos: testemunha (cultivo de milho com ausência de aléias; cultivo de milho em sistema de aléias com poda de 0,6 m de altura e cultivo de milho em sistema de aléias sem poda. Em cada uma das áreas foram coletadas amostras compostas nas profundidades de 0-5 cm. A presença de aléias, bem como, as podas realizadas em Flemingia macrophylla na área que essa encontrava-se associada ao cultivo de milho não alterou o teor de COT do solo. No entanto, a utilização dos caules e das folhas como adubo verde oriunda do tratamento onde se realizou a poda da parte aérea das aléias de Flemingia macrophylla, proporcionou ao solo aumento dos teores de MOL, Conteúdo de C da MOL e da fração F1.

  20. Design de jóias: desafios contemporâneos

    OpenAIRE

    Llaberia, Engracia Maria Loureiro da Costa

    2009-01-01

    Este estudo trata do Design de Jóias Contemporâneo e os desafios em relação à demanda do mercado de trabalho por profissionais habilitados a desenvolver produtos que sejam resultados de pesquisa de usuário, das tendências de comportamentos e do conhecimento da produção industrial e artesanal. Um profissional de design que atue com procedimentos de projetos e seus processos, através da metodologia de desenvolvimento do produto em suas várias etapas. Dessa forma, procura-se aqui delinear parâme...

  1. IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements - A Closer Look

    OpenAIRE

    Muthupandian, K S

    2008-01-01

    The International Accounting Standards Committee issued the International Accounting Standard 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. The objective of IAS 1 is to prescribe the basis for presentation of general purpose financial statements (GPFS), to ensure comparability both with the entity's financial statements of previous periods and with the financial statements of other entities. The objective of GPFS is to provide information about the financial position, financial performance, and cas...

  2. Os processos de partilha da soberania na União Européia The processes of sharing of sovereignty in the European Union

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do artigo é examinar por que não existe paradoxo entre o desenvolvimento de estruturas de governança multinível no âmbito do processo de integração europeu e a permanência do Estado soberano como fonte de representação e lealdade. Concebendo que a cessão de independência constitucional, a modificação da igualdade soberana e o comprometimento da autonomia econômica não se processaram de forma homogênea, pretende-se explicar as diferenças entre tais processos de partilha da soberania dos países membros da União Européia.The main purpose of the article is to examine why there is no paradox between the development of multilevel governance structures in the context of European integration and the maintenance of the sovereign state as the source of representation and loyalty. Accepting that the cession of constitutional independence, the changing of sovereign equality and the challenge to economic autonomy have not occurred in an homogeneous way, I intend to explain the differences among those processes of sharing of EU members' sovereignty.

  3. The discovery of the most distant known type Ia supernova at redshift 1.914

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jones, Dennis; Rodney, S.A.; Riess, A.G.

    2013-01-01

    We present the discovery of a Type Ia supernova (SN) at redshift z = 1.914 from the CANDELS multi-cycle treasury program on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This SN was discovered in the infrared using the Wide-Field Camera 3, and it is the highest-redshift Type Ia SN yet observed. We classify t...

  4. Modulation of macrophage Ia expression by lipopolysaccharide: Stem cell requirements, accessory lymphocyte involvement, and IA-inducing factor production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wentworth, P.A.; Ziegler, H.K.

    1989-01-01

    The mechanism of induction of murine macrophage Ia expression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied. Intraperitoneal injection of 1 microgram of LPS resulted in a 3- to 10-fold increase in the number of IA-positive peritoneal macrophages (flow cytometry and immunofluorescence) and a 6-to 16-fold increase by radioimmunoassay. The isolated lipid A moiety of LPS was a potent inducer of macrophage Ia expression. Ia induction required a functional myelopoietic system as indicated by the finding that the response to LPS was eliminated in irradiated (900 rads) mice and reinstated by reconstitution with bone marrow cells. Comparison of LPS-induced Ia expression in normal and LPS-primed mice revealed a faster secondary response to LPS. The memory response could be adoptively transferred to normal mice with nonadherent spleen cells prepared 60 days after LPS injection. Spleen cells prepared 5 days after LPS injection caused Ia induction in LPS-nonresponder mice; such induction was not observed in irradiated (900 rads) recipients. The cell responsible for this phenomenon was identified as a Thy-1+, immunoglobulin-negative nonadherent cell. The biosynthesis and expression of Ia were not increased by direct exposure of macrophages to LPS in vitro. Small amounts of LPS inhibited Ia induction by gamma interferon. LPS showed positive regulatory effects on Ia expression by delaying the loss of Ia expression on cultured macrophages and by stimulating the production of Ia-inducing factors. Supernatants from cultured spleen cells stimulated with LPS in vitro contained antiviral and Ia-inducing activity that was acid labile, indicating that the active factor is gamma interferon. We conclude that induction of Ia expression by LPS in vivo is a bone-marrow-dependent, radiation-sensitive process which involves the stimulation of a gamma interferon-producing accessory lymphocyte and a delay in Ia turnover

  5. Sobre o feminino e a cidadania em Pompéia

    OpenAIRE

    Feitosa, Lourdes M. G. C.; Faversani, Fábio

    2002-01-01

    Nos últimos anos, novos trabalhos tem questionado os antigos paradigmas interpretativos que excluíam a mulher do espaço público e do grupo de cidadãos. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a ideia equivocada do confinamento feminino ao lar e de sua exclusão da vida pública e do poder, durante o século 1 d.C. A análise de inscrições parietais de Pompéia tem sido importante para questionar esta imagem sobre as mulheres romanas. _______________________________________________________________...

  6. Idéias-força no pós-fordismo e a emergência da economia criativa | Central ideas in post-fordism and the emergence of the creative economy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vladimir Sibylla Pires

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Resumo A economia criativa emerge da crise instaurada a partir da passagem do padrão produtivo fordista / taylorista para o regime pós-fordista e é aqui entendida como um dos principais agentes da reestruturação contemporânea do capital. Sua produtividade baseia-se não apenas nas capacidades cognitivas e comunicacionais de seus empreendedores, como também na mobilização e apropriação de um conjunto de idéias-força conformadoras de – e conformadas por – uma multiplicidade de valores e estilos de vida surgidos ao longo da segunda metade do século passado, os quais este artigo objetiva apresentar. Palavras-chave pós-fordismo; economia criativa; produtividade; idéias-força; estilos de vida Abstract The creative economy emerges from the crisis established after the passage of the fordist / taylorist productive pattern to the Post-fordist regimen and is understood here as one of the main agents of the contemporary restructuring of capital. Its productivity is based not just on the cognitive and communicational capacities of its entrepreneurs, but also on the mobilization and appropriation of a set of ideas that configure – and are configured by – a multiplicity of values and lifestyles that emerged along the second half of the last century, which this article aims to present. Keywords post-fordism; creative economy; productivity; ideas-force; lifestyles

  7. Atualização em síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono na infância Update in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aracy P. S. Balbani

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available A prevalência de SAOS em crianças é de 0,7-3%, com pico de incidência nos pré-escolares. Fatores anatômicos (obstrução nasal severa, más-formações craniofaciais, hipertrofia do tecido linfático da faringe, anomalias laríngeas, etc. e funcionais (doenças neuromusculares predispõem à SAOS na infância. A principal causa da SAOS em crianças é a hipertrofia adenotonsilar. As manifestações clínicas mais comuns são: ronco noturno, pausas respiratórias, sono agitado e respiração bucal. A oximetria de pulso noturna, a gravação em áudio ou vídeo dos ruídos respiratórios noturnos e a polissonografia breve diurna são métodos úteis para triagem dos casos suspeitos de SAOS em crianças, e o padrão-ouro para diagnóstico é a polissonografia em laboratório de sono durante uma noite inteira. Ao contrário dos adultos com SAOS, as crianças costumam apresentar: menos despertares associados aos eventos de apnéia, maior número de apnéias/hipopnéias durante o sono REM e dessaturação mais acentuada da oxihemoglobina mesmo nas apnéias de curta duração. O tratamento da SAOS pode ser cirúrgico (adenotonsilectomia, correção de anomalias craniofaciais, traqueostomia ou clínico (higiene do sono, pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas - CPAP.The prevalence of OSAS in children is 0.7-3%, with peak incidence in pre-schoolers. It is characterised by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, causing intermittent hypoxia. Both anatomical (severe nasal obstruction, craniofacial anomalies, hypertrophy of the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue, laryngeal anomalies, etc. and functional factors (neuromuscular diseases predispose to OSAS during childhood. The main cause of OSAS in children in adenotonsillar hypertrophy. The most common clinical manifestations of OSAS are: nocturnal snoring, respiratory pauses, restless sleep and mouth breathing. Nocturnal pulse oximetry, nocturnal noise audio/videotape recording and nap

  8. The Influence of Cyst Emptying, Lymph Node Resection and Chemotherapy on Survival in Stage IA and IC1 Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rosendahl, Mikkel; Mosgaard, Berit Jul; Høgdall, Claus

    2016-01-01

    AIM: To determine if survival in stage I ovarian cancer is influenced by cyst emptying, lymph node resection and chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A survival analysis of 607 patients with ovarian cancer in stage IA, IA with cyst emptying (IAempty) and IC1 was performed. RESULTS......: There was no difference in five-year survival between IA (87%) and IC1 (87%) (p=0.899), between IA and IAempty (86%) (p=0.500) nor between IA+IAempty (87%) and IC1 without IAempty (84%) (p=0.527). Five-year survival rate (5YSR) was significantly higher after lymph node resection in stage IA (94% vs. 85%; p=0.01) and IA......+IC1 (93% vs. 85%; p=0.004). In multivariate analysis, lymph node resection improved prognosis significantly for all sub-stages, whereas stage and chemotherapy did not affect survival. CONCLUSION: In stage IA ovarian cancer, controlled cyst emptying without spill does not worsen prognosis. Lymph node...

  9. [Development, science, and politics: the debate surrounding creation of the Instituto Internacional da Hiléia Amazônica].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Magalhães, Rodrigo Cesar da Silva; Maio, Marcos Chor

    2007-12-01

    The article uses the debate surrounding creation of the Instituto Internacional da Hiléia Amazônica (International Institute of the Hylean Amazon--IIHA) as a point of departure for analyzing the topic of development. We first address post-World War II relations between science and development. Next, we examine the Brazilian government's initiatives in the Amazon during the 1940s and how the IIHA project was received. Lastly, we analyze the controversies ignited in Brazil by Unesco's plan. The IIHA project was a catalyst of the development debate in post-World War II Brazil. The discussions then sparked in Brazil and the project's denouement solidified a development model for the Amazon that even today underpins initiatives taken in the region.

  10. Recombinant Cry1Ia protein is highly toxic to cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martins, E S; Aguiar, R W D S; Martins, N F; Melatti, V M; Falcão, R; Gomes, A C M M; Ribeiro, B M; Monnerat, R G

    2008-05-01

    To evaluate the activity of cry1Ia gene against cotton pests, Spodoptera frugiperda and Anthonomus grandis. Had isolated and characterized a toxin gene from the Bacillus thuringiensis S1451 strain which have been previously shown to be toxic to S. frugiperda and A. grandis. The toxin gene (cry1Ia) was amplified by PCR, sequenced, and cloned into the genome of a baculovirus. The Cry1Ia protein was expressed in baculovirus infected insect cells, producing protein inclusions in infected cells. The Cry1Ia protein has used in bioassays against to S. frugiperda and A. grandis. Bioassays using the purified recombinant protein showed high toxicity to S. frugiperda and A. grandis larvae. Molecular modelling of the Cry1Ia protein translated from the DNA sequence obtained in this work, showed that this protein possibly posses a similar structure to the Cry3A protein. Ultrastructural analysis of midgut cells from A. grandis incubated with the Cry1Ia toxin, showed loss of microvilli integrity. The results indicate that the cry1Ia is a good candidate for the construction of transgenic plants resistant to these important cotton pests.

  11. Experimental and theoretical investigation on photocatalytic activities of 1D Ag/Ag2WO4 nanostructures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Danqing; Huang, Weicheng; Li, Long; Liu, Lu; Sun, Xiaojun; Liu, Bo; Yang, Bin; Guo, Chongshen

    2017-09-01

    Ag2WO4 is a significant photocatalyst that responds to UV light irradiation only, which greatly hinders it for further practical application for solar light. To address this problem, herein, 1D plasmonic Ag/Ag2WO4 photocatalysts have been fabricated by a successive process including hydrothermal synthesis to obtain Ag2WO4 followed by an additional in situ chemical-reduction process for Ag decoration. Then, the structural features, optical properties, and electronic structures of Ag2WO4 and Ag/Ag2WO4 nanowires were systematically investigated via a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental evidence. The plasmon-enhanced Ag/Ag2WO4 nanowires exhibited higher visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity, which performed a desired photodestruction ratio of 91.2% on methylene blue within 60 min and good stability in five cycles. The Ag decoration greatly facilitates visible-light harvesting and thus promotes photogenerated radical oxidation to dye, which is evidenced by the higher hydroxyl radical level of Ag/Ag2WO4 detected in the ESR test during the photocatalytic process. The theoretical calculation based on density functional theory indicates that Ag nanoparticles formed on the surface of Ag2WO4 could narrow the band gap of Ag2WO4. In addition, the surface plasmon resonance absorption effect and fast charge transfer effect in the metal-semiconductor system contribute to the photocatalytic performance of Ag/Ag2WO4.

  12. 细粒棘球绦虫AgB8/1-AgB8/2重组嵌合抗原表达系统的构建%Establishment of Echinococcus granulosus AgB8/1-AgB8/2 chimeric recombinant protein expression system

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    古力帕丽·麦曼提依明; 马海梅; 吾拉木·马木提; 陈洁; 陈璐; 丁剑冰; 马秀敏; 温浩

    2011-01-01

    目的 构建pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2原核表达载体,并对其重组蛋白进行原核细胞表达.方法 从细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴中提取总RNA,反转录生成cDNA,以此cDNA为模板,用基因特异性引物分别扩增EgAgB8/1和EgAgB8/2基因编码其分泌型多肽的片段,经测序后,以此两条基因片段为依据,人工合成EgAgB8/1-EgAgB8/2嵌合抗原编码核酸序列,将其克隆至pUCm-T载体,测序鉴定其正确性.通过对pUCm-T/AgB8/1-AgB8/2重组质粒进行双酶切,将获得的AgB8/1-AgB8/2嵌合抗原编码核酸序列用定向克隆技术克隆至原核表达质粒pET32a上,测序鉴定插入片段正确后,转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)Lys S,IPTG初步诱导表达pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2重组嵌合蛋白.用SDS-PAGE电泳分析鉴定重组蛋白的表达水平.结果 测序表明,AgB8/1-AgB8/2嵌合抗原编码核酸序列正方向插入至pET32a质粒.SDS-PAGE电泳分析显示,IPTG诱导后重组嵌合蛋白得到成功表达,在相对分子量约38 kD处有表达条带.结论 成功构建了pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2原核表达质粒,并初步诱导表达出AgB8/1-AgB8/2嵌合重组蛋白,为进一步研究其免疫学特性奠定了基础.%In order to construct the pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2 chimeric antigen prokaryotic expression recombinant plasmid and the expression of its recombinant protein, the total RNA was extracted from protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus,and reverse transcribed into cDNA, the cDNA encoding mature form of EgAgB8/land EgAgB8/2 antigen were amplified by PCR using gene specific primers.Based on the both gene fragments, a nucleotide sequence encoding EgAgB8/1-EgAgB8/2 chimeric antigen were artificially synthesized after sequence confirmation.The synthesized nucleotide sequence encoding EgAgB8/1-EgAgB8/2 chimeric antigen were conformed by sequencing after cloning into pUCm-T vector, then the target sequence was directionally ligated into pET32a plasmid after double digestion with restriction enzymes for prokaryotic

  13. O tempo da fronteira retorno à controvérsia sobre o tempo histórico da frente de expansão e da frente pioneira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JOSÉ DE SOUZA MARTINS

    1996-06-01

    Full Text Available O tema da fronteira é um tema recorrente na literatura brasileira de Ciências Sociais. Apesar das tentativas de alguns antropólogos de importar as idéias que F. Turner desenvolveu para explicar o deslocamento da fronteira nos Estados Unidos, e que tratam da influência da fronteira na formação do caráter nacional americano, essas idéias, a rigor, não se aplicam no caso brasileiro. Geógrafos e antropólogos, entre os anos 30 e 50, realizaram pesquisas de campo que se tornaram essenciais para uma concepção sociológica da fronteira enraizada no que há de historicamente singular e sociologicamente relevante no caso brasileiro. É a partir dessas referências que o autor formula a sua tese de que a fronteira é, simultaneamente, lugar da alteridade e expressão da contemporaneidade dos tempos históricos. A unidade do diverso, pressuposto metodológico da dialética, encontra aí o lugar mais adequado e mais rico para a investigação científica.

  14. Ferdinand Buisson no Brasil: pistas, vestígios e sinais de suas idéias pedagógicas (1870-1900

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    Maria Helena Camara Bastos

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available  O presente estudo analisa a influência das idéias pedagógicas de Ferdinand Buisson no Brasil, nas três décadas finais do século 19, a partir da análise da produção de dois representantes da ilustração brasileira - Rui Barbosa (1849-1923 e Joaquim José Menezes Vieira (1848-1897. Busca pistas, sinais e vestígios de sua influência na tradução de Primary Object Lessons (leçons de choses de Norman Allison Calkins, por Rui Barbosa em 1881; na implantação do método intuitivo; na elaboração dos Pareceres de Reforma do Ensino Primário, Secundário, Superior e de várias instituições complementares, por Rui Barbosa (1882-1883; na realização de exposições pedagógica (1883 e escolares; na implantação do Pedagogium (1890-1919, museu pedagógico brasileiro segundo o modelo francês; na redação da Revista Pedag6gica (1890-1896, editada segundo a organização da Revue Pédagogique, por Menezes Vieira.Palavras-chave: história da educação, idéias pedagógicas, influência francesa.   Résume L'étude analyse I'influence des idées pédagogiques de Ferdinand Buisson au Brésil, pendant les trois dernieres décennies du 19eme siecle, à travers I'analyse de Ia production des deux représentants de l'illustration brésilienne - Rui Barbosa (1849-1923 et Joaquim José de Menezes Vieira (1848-1897. On cherchera des traces, signaux et vestiges de l'influence de Buisson dans Ia traduction, par Rui Barbosa, de l'oeuvre Primary Object Lessons (Leçon de choses, de Norman Allison Calkins, en 1881; dans l'élaboration des Pareceres de Reforma do Ensino Primário, Secundário, Superior e de Várias Instituições Complementares (Exposé sur Ia Réforme de I'Enseignement primaire, secondaire, supérieur et d'autres institutions complémentaires par Rui Barbosa (1882-1883; dans promotion de Ia méthode intuitive; dans Ia réalisation d'expositions pédagogiques (1883 et scolaires; dans I'implantation du musée pédagogique Pedagogium

  15. TURBULENT OXYGEN FLAMES IN TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aspden, A. J.; Bell, J. B.; Woosley, S. E.

    2011-01-01

    In previous studies, we examined turbulence-flame interactions in carbon-burning thermonuclear flames in Type Ia supernovae. In this study, we consider turbulence-flame interactions in the trailing oxygen flames. The two aims of the paper are to examine the response of the inductive oxygen flame to intense levels of turbulence, and to explore the possibility of transition to detonation in the oxygen flame. Scaling arguments analogous to the carbon flames are presented and then compared against three-dimensional simulations for a range of Damkoehler numbers (Da 16 ) at a fixed Karlovitz number. The simulations suggest that turbulence does not significantly affect the oxygen flame when Da 16 16 >1, turbulence enhances heat transfer and drives the propagation of a flame that is narrower than the corresponding inductive flame would be. Furthermore, burning under these conditions appears to occur as part of a combined carbon-oxygen turbulent flame with complex compound structure. The simulations do not appear to support the possibility of a transition to detonation in the oxygen flame, but do not preclude it either.

  16. As identidades ficcionais de Raul Pompéia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franco Baptista Sandanello

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available A fortuna crítica da obra de Raul Pompéia – especialmente, de seu romance O Ateneu – foi marcada por uma forte aproximação entre a vida do escritor e sua ficção. No entanto, pouco se falou a respeito de um aspecto muito curioso desta relação complexa entre vida e arte: o papel subsequente de Pompéia na literatura brasileira não como escritor, mas como personagem. Curiosamente, o romancista integra a trama de obras ficcionais como, por exemplo, Tentação, de Adolfo Caminha, O canudo, de Afonso Schmidt, e Investigação sobre Ariel, de Sílvio Fiorani. Nesse sentido, a partir de uma comparação entre estas obras, será discutida a possível figuração ficcional de Pompéia, assim como a posição particular de sua subjetividade dentro da mecânica narrativa de cada texto. Do primeiro ao último, há, por assim dizer, um progressivo distanciamento do universo ficcional por ele   criado (como o do citado O Ateneu e uma ênfase cada vez    maior em suas crises e inquietações pessoais. The critical reception of Raul Pompéia’s work – especially that of O Ateneu – has strongly identified over the years his biography to his fiction. However, very little was said on a    very peculiar aspect of this complex link between life and art: the subsequent role of Pompéia in Brazilian literature not as a    writer, but as a fictional character. Curiously, the writer integrates the plot of fictional works such as Tentação, by Adolfo Caminha, O canudo, by Afonso Schmidt, and Investigação sobre Ariel, by Sílvio Fiorani. In this regard, from an initial comparison of these texts, this article discusses the fictional figure of Pompéia, as well as the particular standing of his subjectivity in each narrative. So to speak, in these texts there is a gradual detachment of the fictional universe of his own    works (as that of O Ateneu and an increasing emphasis on his personal dramas and crisis.

  17. Effects of packaging and temperature on postharvest of atemoya Efeito do tipo de embalagem e da temperatura na conservação de atemóias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Yamashita

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Effects of refrigerated storage and different packages on postharvest behaviour of fruits of atemoya (Annona cherimola x A. squamosa cv. PR3 were investigated. Fruits were individually sealed in copolymer (PD-955 and low-density polyethylene (LDPE bags and stored for 21 days at 15°C or 25°C. Then they were unwrapped and maintained at 25°C, for ripening. Weight loss and firmness of fruits were both affected by storage time, temperature and packaging. Weight loss in packaged atemoyas was lower than in the control, non-wrapped fruits. A non-trained panel scored the atemoyas for overall eating quality and appearance. Fruits sealed in LDPE did not ripen, probably due to an injurious atmosphere developed inside the package. Atemoyas packaged in PD-955 film had a shelf-life of 17 days against 13 days of the control ones, both stored at 15°C, an increase of 30% on shelf-life.Testou-se o comportamento da atemóia (Annona cherimola x A. squamosa cv. PR3 frente a armazenagem refrigerada e a utilização de diferentes embalagens. Os frutos foram embalados individualmente em sacos de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD ou em sacos feitos de um copolímero (PD-955, e armazenados por 21 dias, a 15ºC ou 25ºC, quando foram então desembalados e mantidos a 25ºC para amadurecerem. Tanto a perda de massa como a firmeza dos frutos foram afetadas pela embalagem, tempo e temperatura de armazenagem. A perda de massa pelas atemóias embaladas foi significativamente menor do que naquelas sem embalagem, que serviram de controle. Provadores não treinados ordenaram as atemóias em função do sabor e aparência. Frutos embalados com PEBD não amadureceram, provavelmente devido ao desenvolvimento de uma atmosfera tóxica ao fruto no interior da embalagem. As atemóias embaladas com PD-955 apresentaram vida de prateleira de 17 dias contra 13 dias dos frutos-controle, ambos a 15ºC, que representam um aumento de 30% na vida de prateleira.

  18. Vibrational properties of epitaxial silicene layers on (1 1 1) Ag

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Scalise, E.; Cinquanta, E.; Houssa, M.; Broek, B. van den; Chiappe, D.; Grazianetti, C.; Pourtois, G.; Ealet, B.; Molle, A.; Fanciulli, M.; Afanas’ev, V.V.; Stesmans, A.

    2014-01-01

    The electronic and vibrational properties of three different reconstructions of silicene on Ag(1 1 1) are calculated and compared to experimental results. The 2D epitaxial silicon layers, namely the (4 × 4), (√13 × √13) and (2√3 × 2√3) phases, exhibit different electronic and vibrational properties. Few peaks in the experimental Raman spectrum are identified and attributed to the vibrational modes of the silicene layers. The position and behavior of the Raman peaks with respect to the excitation energy are shown to be a fundamental tool to investigate and discern different phases of silicene on Ag(1 1 1).

  19. Vibrational properties of epitaxial silicene layers on (1 1 1) Ag

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Scalise, E., E-mail: emilio.scalise@fys.kuleuven.be [Semiconductor Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Cinquanta, E. [Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, via C. Olivetti 2, I-20864 Agrate Brianza (MB) (Italy); Houssa, M.; Broek, B. van den [Semiconductor Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Chiappe, D. [Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, via C. Olivetti 2, I-20864 Agrate Brianza (MB) (Italy); Grazianetti, C. [Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, via C. Olivetti 2, I-20864 Agrate Brianza (MB) (Italy); Aix-Marseille University, CNRS-CINaM, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 (France); Pourtois, G. [IMEC, 75 Kapeldreef, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Department of Chemistry, Plasmant Research Group, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp (Belgium); Ealet, B. [Aix-Marseille University, CNRS-CINaM, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 (France); Molle, A. [Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, via C. Olivetti 2, I-20864 Agrate Brianza (MB) (Italy); Fanciulli, M. [Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, via C. Olivetti 2, I-20864 Agrate Brianza (MB) (Italy); Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 53, I-20126 Milano (MI) (Italy); Afanas’ev, V.V.; Stesmans, A. [Semiconductor Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium)

    2014-02-01

    The electronic and vibrational properties of three different reconstructions of silicene on Ag(1 1 1) are calculated and compared to experimental results. The 2D epitaxial silicon layers, namely the (4 × 4), (√13 × √13) and (2√3 × 2√3) phases, exhibit different electronic and vibrational properties. Few peaks in the experimental Raman spectrum are identified and attributed to the vibrational modes of the silicene layers. The position and behavior of the Raman peaks with respect to the excitation energy are shown to be a fundamental tool to investigate and discern different phases of silicene on Ag(1 1 1).

  20. Linguagem e emoção: ethos, logos e oathos e "Antiperipléia"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Henrique Aguiar Mendes

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available Este texto apresenta primeiramente um conjunto de hipóteses teóri­cas sobre as relações estabelecidas entre linguagem e emoção, fundamentadas em categorias oriundas da retórica, da pragmática  e da aná­lise do discurso. Em seguida, tais hipóteses são aplicadas na análise do conto de Tutaméia acima referido, com vistas a verificar  a sua operacionalidade.

  1. Ciência na periferia: a Unesco, a proposta de criação do Instituto Internacional da Hiléia Amazônica e as origens do Inpa Science in the periphery: Unesco, the proposal to create the International Institute of the Hylean Amazon and the origins of Inpa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Chor Maio

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo aborda as tentativas feitas, entre 1945 e 1952, de se criar uma instituição científica na Amazônia, sobretudo a proposta do cientista Paulo Estevão de Berrêdo Carneiro de criação do Instituto Internacional da Hiléia Amazônica (IIHA, com o patrocínio da Unesco. A literatura sobre o tema enfatiza o fracasso do IIHA em decorrência da ideologia nacionalista. Evitando operar com a idéia de êxito/fracasso, sugerimos que os impasses do projeto resultaram também de visões distintas acerca do papel social da ciência no pós-guerra. É destacada ainda a importância das disputas que surgiram nos primórdios da Unesco, quando a agência recém-criada objetivava implementar política de colaboração científica no plano internacional, acima das competições. Os percalços do plano IIHA devem-se também aos frágeis vínculos entre o projeto da Unesco e a comunidade científica brasileira. Contudo, o projeto do IIHA gerou um efeito não previsto: o Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Inpa.This article focuses on efforts between 1945 and 1952 to create a scientific institute in the Amazon and, specifically, on the project designed by the Brazilian scientist Paulo Estevão de Berrêdo Carneiro. He intended to create with the support of Unesco the International Institute of the Hylean Amazon (IIHA. The literature on the topic has argued that the project met with failure because the prevailing nationalist ideology ran counter to the implementation of such an international institute in the Amazon. Eschewing the notion of success/failure, the present text suggests that the project ran into impasses for other reasons too. For one thing, actors disagreed on the social role of science in the post-World War II period. Another factor consisted of the international and regional disputes around the time of the creation of Unesco, when it wanted to enforce a policy of international scientific collaboration, outside the realm of

  2. A COMPREHENSIVE PROGENITOR MODEL FOR SNe Ia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meng, X.; Yang, W.

    2010-01-01

    Although the nature of the progenitor of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is still unclear, the single-degenerate (SD) channel for the progenitor is currently accepted, in which a carbon-oxygen white dwarf (CO WD) accretes hydrogen-rich material from its companion, increases its mass to the Chandrasekhar mass limit, and then explodes as an SN Ia. The companion may be a main sequence or a slightly evolved star (WD + MS), or a red giant star (WD + RG). Incorporating the effect of mass stripping and accretion-disk instability on the evolution of the WD binary, we carried out binary stellar evolution calculations for more than 1600 close WD binaries. As a result, the initial parameter spaces for SNe Ia are presented in an orbital period-secondary mass (log P i , M i 2 ) plane. We confirmed that in a WD + MS system, the initial companion leading to SNe Ia may have mass from 1 M sun to 5 M sun . The initial WD mass for SNe Ia from WD + MS channel is as low as 0.565 M sun , while the lowest WD mass from the WD + RG channel is 1.0 M sun . Adopting the above results, we studied the birth rate of SNe Ia via a binary population synthesis approach. We found that the Galactic SNe Ia birth rate from SD model is (2.55-2.9) x 10 -3 yr -1 (including WD + He star channel), which is slightly smaller than that from observation. If a single starburst is assumed, the distribution of the delay time of SNe Ia from the SD model may be a weak bimodality, where WD + He channel contributes to SNe Ia with delay time shorter than 10 8 yr and WD + RG channel to those with age longer than 6 Gyr.

  3. Memória histórica de Cananéia (XII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antônio Paulino de Almeida

    1968-03-01

    Pretendendo Nicolau Dreys, de nacionalidade francesa, obter do govêrno da Província, por Sesmaria, a ilha do Cardoso, e sendo consultada a Câmara de Cananéia, oficiou esta à de Paranaguá em data de 26 de novembro de 1828, prestando as nescessárias informações.

  4. Acoustic analysis of prosody in Sydenham's chorea Análise acústica da prosódia em coréia de Sydenham

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia M Oliveira

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available There are few studies of language and speech in patients with Sydenham's chorea (SC. We have done an acoustic analysis of fundamental frequency (F0, duration and intensity of declarative and interrogative sentences made by 20 SC patients, 20 patients with rheumatic fever (RF without chorea, and compared them with 20 healthy age-matched controls (CO. Each group included 12 females. We found that there is no difference between the RF and CO groups in all studied parameters. Patients with SC, however, presented with a speech characterized by decreased F0 range (difference between minimum and maximum F0, shorter duration of sentences, and higher intensity of the first syllable of sentences. The findings were not influenced by the nature of the sentences (i.e. , declarative or interrogative, but for all variables they were significantly more severe in males than females. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that patients with acute SC have an impairment of modulation of F0 and longer duration of emission of sentences, resulting in a monotone and slow speech. This pattern is similar to what has been described in other basal ganglia illnesses, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Wilson's disease.Há poucos estudos sobre linguagem e fala em pacientes com coréia de Sydenham (CS. Fizemos uma análise acústica da freqüência fundamental (F0, duração e intensidade de sentenças declarativas e interrogativas feitas por 20 pacientes com CS, 20 pacientes com febre reumática (FR sem coréia, comparando-os com 20 controles saudáveis e pareados por idade (CO. Cada grupo incluiu 12 mulheres. Foi encontrado que não há diferença entre os grupos FR e CO quanto a todos parâmetros estudados. Pacientes com CS, contudo, apresentaram-se com fala caracterizada pela redução da variação de F0 (diferença entre F0 mínima e máxima, duração mais curta das sentenças e maior intensidade da primeira sílaba das sentenças. Os achados não foram

  5. Identification and localization of a soluble antigen, Ag2, of 136 kDa from Plasmodium falciparum in vitro cultures

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jakobsen, P H; Grellier, P; Theander, T G

    1991-01-01

    as a duplet with molecular masses of 136 and 120 kDa when tested by immunoblotting. Immunoprecipitation experiments on Triton X-100 extracted antigens from synchronized cultures showed that the antigen was synthesized in the schizont stage. Ag2 was located near the surface of schizonts in the parasitophorous...

  6. Entre normas e fatos: desafios e dilemas da ordem internacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cruz Sebastião C. Velasco e

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Examinam-se os limites e o significado da controvérsia entre "realistas" que invocam fatos e "cosmopolitas" que invocam normas, com referência às perspectivas da ordem internacional após 11 de setembro de 2001. Contra a idéia da retomada pelos EUA do multilateralismo, ou do seu oposto, a idéia dos EUA como sede de um verdadeiro império mundial, propõe-se um "cenário de transição", marcado por turbulências inter- e intra-estatais, sem prejuízo da possibilidade real de uma configuração mais equilibrada no futuro.

  7. Role of Ag-alloy in the thermal stability of Ag-based ohmic contact to GaN(0 0 0 1) surface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xiong, Zhihua; Qin, Zhenzhen; Zhao, Qian; Chen, Lanli

    2015-01-01

    First-principles calculations are performed to study Ag and Ag-alloy adsorption stability on GaN(0 0 0 1) surface. We find Ag only contact to GaN surface is unstable under high temperature. While Ag-alloy adsorption exhibits better adsorption stability and electronic properties than that of the Ag only contact,due to the enhanced interaction between Ag-alloy and GaN(0 0 0 1) surface. The Ag-alloy, particularly AgNi, is proposed to be used as very promising ohmic contact to GaN for practical applications

  8. Os novos institucionalismos na ciência política contemporânea e o problema da integração teórica

    OpenAIRE

    Nascimento, Emerson Oliveira do

    2009-01-01

    O Novo Institucionalismo é hoje uma das mais influentes alternativas teóricas e metodológicas da ciência política contemporânea. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar como a nova tradição institucional trata o problema agência-estrutura, as relações estado-sociedade, a criação e a mudança institucional, a formação de preferências, bem como o complexo campo das relações entre instituições, idéias, cultura, identidades e racionalidade. De um ponto de vista analítico, o artigo examina ainda ...

  9. Fresnel: O formulador matemático da teoria ondulatória da luz

    OpenAIRE

    Bassalo, José Maria Filardo

    1988-01-01

    Neste artigo, apresentamos alguns aspectos da vida de Fresnel, engenheiro e físico francês que se notabilizou pela formulação matemática da teoria ondulatória da luz, e cujo bicentenário de nascimento transcorre neste ano de 1988. Realçamos, neste trabalho, suas principais pesquisas relacionadas com o estudo da difração, dupla-refração e reflexão da luz, nas quais utilizou a idéia revolucionária de transversalidade da onda luminosa para deduzir equações, as quais explicaram alg...

  10. Evaluation of a New Biosensor Based on in Situ Synthesized PPy-Ag-PVP Nanohybrid for Selective Detection of Dopamine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vellaichamy, Balakumar; Periakaruppan, Prakash; Paulmony, Tharmaraj

    2017-02-09

    In the present work, in situ synthesis of polypyrrole-silver-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PPy-Ag-PVP) nanohybrid using AgNO 3 as an oxidant and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer and surfactant is demonstrated. The obtained ternary PPy-Ag-PVP nanohybrid was characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, Raman, TGA, SEM, and HR-TEM analysis. Further the synthesized PPy-Ag-PVP has been investigated for its selective and sensitive sensing of dopamine (DA). The PPy-Ag-PVP modified glassy carbon electrode shows a reversible electrochemical behavior with superior response for DA. The limit of detection and limit of quantification are found to be 0.0126 and 0.042 μM (S/N = 3 and 10), respectively, with remarkable sensitivity (7.26 μA mM -1 cm -2 ). The practical application of the present modified electrode has been validated by determining the concentration of DA in human urine samples of different age group.

  11. Manejo de Conyza bonariensis resistente ao glyphosate: coberturas de inverno e herbicidas em pré-semeadura da soja Management of glyphosate resistant Conyza bonariensis: winter cover crops and herbicides in soybean pre-seeding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F.P. Lamego

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Conyza bonariensis tornou-se a principal planta daninha da cultura da soja no Sul do Brasil, em decorrência da evolução para resistência ao herbicida glyphosate. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes coberturas de inverno e da associação de manejo de dessecação pré-semeadura da soja, visando ao controle de C. bonariensis resistente ao glyphosate. Um experimento foi conduzido em campo, na safra 2010/2011. Os tratamentos foram conduzidos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em que as coberturas de inverno foram alocadas nas parcelas principais: aveia-preta, nabo, ervilhaca, azevém, trigo e pousio. Nas subparcelas, foram alocados os tratamentos de manejo de dessecação pré-semeadura da soja: glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + 2,4-D (1.050 g e.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + 2,4-D (1.050 g e.a ha-1/paraquat (200 g i.a ha-1 + diuron (100 g i.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + chlorimuron-ethyl (80 g i.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + chlorimuron-ethyl (80 g i.a ha-1/paraquat (200 g i.a ha-1 + diuron (100 g i.a ha‑1 e roçada. O nabo foi a espécie de cobertura que produziu o maior volume de massa seca durante o inverno, enquanto a ervilhaca foi a que apresentou maior efeito supressor sobre a germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial de C. bonariensis. Associações de glyphosate com 2,4-D ou chlorimuron-ethyl, seguidas da aplicação sequencial de paraquat + diuron, causaram maior redução na infestação de C. bonariensis.Conyza bonariensis became the main weed in soybean crop in Southern Brazil, as a consequence of the evolution of resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different winter cover crops and the association of burn-down herbicides on the control of glyphosate-resistant C. bonariensis. A field experiment was conducted in the 2010/2011 season. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot scheme, with the winter

  12. Europeização e/ou africanização da Espanha Medieval: diversidade e unidade cultural européia em debate Europeanization and / or africanization of Medieval Spain: european cultural diversity and unity in discussion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aline Dias da Silveira

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Os conflitos políticos e sociais dos últimos anos na Europa, como os com a imigração e o terrorismo, orientam muitas questões levantadas pelas ciências humanas na atualidade. No que se refere à medievalística, muitas obras e projetos europeus apresentam a discussão em torno da diversidade cultural européia, a qual pode ser fundamentada desde a Idade Média através do convívio e trocas culturais entre cristão, judeus e muçulmanos. No centro destas discussões, está a crítica à idéia de centro e periferia dentro da própria Europa e no mundo, além da reflexão sobre conceitos de europeização e africanização, utilizados pela historiografia européia desde a primeira metade do século XX até poucos anos atrás. Neste artigo, serão apresentadas, à luz da Nova História Cultural Alemã (Neue Kulturgeschichte, algumas críticas aos conceitos de europeização, africanização, centro, periferia e unidade cultural na Idade Média européia. Questões estas que acaloram os debates na Alemanha atual.Political and social conflicts during recent years in Europe - such as immigration and terrorism - have guided humanities issues today. Regarding Middle Age research, many works and projects present a debate on European cultural diversity, which lay the foundations since the Middle Ages through interaction and cultural exchanges between Christians, Jews and Muslims. Within the discussion, is the criticism to the idea of center and periphery within Europe itself and the world, as well as the consideration of concepts such as europeanization and africanization, used by European historiography, from the first half of the twentieth century until a few years ago. This article presents criticism to the concepts of europeanization, africanization, center, periphery, and cultural unity in the Middle Ages, in light of the New German Cultural History (Neue Kulturgeschichte, issues that inflame the debate in Germany today.

  13. Chemical composition and fermentation dynamics of jackfruit silageComposição bromatológica e dinâmica de fermentação da silagem de jaca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Ricardo Rebouças Dórea

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos da inclusão de fubá de milho (5% e uréia (1% sobre a composição bromatológica e o perfil fermentativo da silagem de jaca, utilizando-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado em arranjo fatorial 3x7 (tratamentos x dia de abertura, com duas repetições. Foram utilizados silos experimentais de PVC, 10 cm de diâmetros x 40 cm de comprimento. A abertura dos silos seguida da avaliação da composição bromatológica e do perfil fermentativo da silagem ocorreu aos 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 e 56 dias após a ensilagem. Os teores de matéria seca (MS e proteína bruta (PB foram elevados significativamente (P<0,05 com a adição de 5% de milho e 1% de uréia, respectivamente. O pH encontrado em todos os tratamentos foi considerado ideal para silagens de boa qualidade. A adição de uréia aumentou significativamente (P<0,05 os valores de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3/NT. A adição de 1% uréia funcionou como álcali na parede celular do material ensilado, demonstrado pela redução nos teores das frações fibrosas. A jaca apresenta potencial de conservação na forma de silagem e a utilização de milho e uréia como aditivos melhora o perfil fermentativo e a qualidade da silagem.

  14. Type Ia supernovae, standardizable candles, and gravity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wright, Bill S.; Li, Baojiu

    2018-04-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are generally accepted to act as standardizable candles, and their use in cosmology led to the first confirmation of the as yet unexplained accelerated cosmic expansion. Many of the theoretical models to explain the cosmic acceleration assume modifications to Einsteinian general relativity which accelerate the expansion, but the question of whether such modifications also affect the ability of SNe Ia to be standardizable candles has rarely been addressed. This paper is an attempt to answer this question. For this we adopt a semianalytical model to calculate SNe Ia light curves in non-standard gravity. We use this model to show that the average rescaled intrinsic peak luminosity—a quantity that is assumed to be constant with redshift in standard analyses of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) cosmology data—depends on the strength of gravity in the supernova's local environment because the latter determines the Chandrasekhar mass—the mass of the SN Ia's white dwarf progenitor right before the explosion. This means that SNe Ia are no longer standardizable candles in scenarios where the strength of gravity evolves over time, and therefore the cosmology implied by the existing SN Ia data will be different when analysed in the context of such models. As an example, we show that the observational SN Ia cosmology data can be fitted with both a model where (ΩM,ΩΛ)=(0.62 ,0.38 ) and Newton's constant G varies as G (z )=G0(1 +z )-1/4 and the standard model where (ΩM,ΩΛ)=(0.3 ,0.7 ) and G is constant, when the Universe is assumed to be flat.

  15. Apropriações da Instrução ao Sósia na análise da atividade de trabalho

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    Alda Karoline Lima da Silva

    Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo fundamenta-se em quatro experiências de pesquisa nas quais foi utilizada a técnica de Instrução ao Sósia (IaS para análise da atividade de trabalho em variados contextos laborais. São apresentadas e discutidas as aplicações da técnica nessas pesquisas norteadas pela abordagem teórica e metodológica da Clínica da Atividade. As experiências mencionadas efetivaram-se em diferentes ambientes laborais - hospitais, universidades, praias - com seus respectivos participantes (profissionais de saúde, professores e trabalhadores informais. O uso da técnica ensejou diversos fenômenos psíquicos, dentre os quais se destaca a reflexão do trabalhador sobre sua atividade, tanto no âmbito da dimensão clínica da atividade de trabalho como na esfera da identificação de competências diante os possíveis desenrolar da atividade. As contribuições oriundas de tais experiências permitem indicar a técnica para futuros estudos em diferentes contextos laborais, o que evidencia amplas possibilidades de utilização.

  16. Irradiation-induced displacement of Ag atoms from lattice sites in an Al-0.2% Mg-0.1% Ag crystal

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Swanson, M.L.; Howe, L.M.; Quenneville, A.F.

    1976-01-01

    In irradiated alloys of Al containing approximately 0.1 at% Ag, the backscattering - channelling method shows that Al-Ag dumbells are created by the trapping of Al interstitial atoms at Ag solute atoms. The present results demonstrate that the addition of 0.2 at% Mg to such irradiated alloys retards not only the formation of Al-Ag dumbells during annealing from 30 to 100 K but also their annihilation during annealing from 180 to 240 K. Al interstitials are released from Mg traps at 100 to 160 K, causing further trapping at Ag atoms. Approximately 70% of the Ag atoms return to lattice sites at approximately 200 K (stage III) (compared with 100% in the Al-0.1% Ag alloys) and the remainder return to lattice sites at approximately 260 K. These results favour migration of Al-Ag dumbells rather than vacancies during stage III annealing. (author)

  17. EVOLVING TO TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE WITH SHORT DELAY TIMES

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Bo; Chen Xuefei; Han Zhanwen; Meng Xiangcun

    2009-01-01

    The single-degenerate model is currently a favorable progenitor model for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Recent investigations on the white dwarf (WD) + He star channel of the single-degenerate model imply that this channel is noteworthy for producing SNe Ia. In this paper, we studied SN Ia birthrates and delay times of this channel via a detailed binary population synthesis approach. We found that the Galactic SN Ia birthrate from the WD + He star channel is ∼0.3 x 10 -3 yr -1 according to our standard model, and that this channel can explain SNe Ia with short delay times (∼4.5 x 10 7 -1.4 x 10 8 yr). Meanwhile, these WD + He star systems may be related to the young supersoft X-ray sources prior to SN Ia explosions.

  18. Análise crítica da qualidade da dieta da população brasileira segundo o Índice de Alimentação Saudável: uma revisão sistemática

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    Patrícia Regina Silva Moreira

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Diante da importância de estudar instrumentos que avaliem a qualidade alimentar da população, este trabalho se propõe realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre o Índice de Alimentação Saudável como instrumento utilizado para avaliar a qualidade da dieta da população brasileira, analisando suas metodologias e resultados. Para a seleção de estudos foram utilizadas as principais bases eletrônicas de dados. Após as buscas com os descritores, foram incluídos 32 artigos. Observou-se o crescente interesse da comunidade científica na abordagem deste tema, sendo recentes os estudos que utilizam esse instrumento no Brasil. Foram avaliadas e discutidas as questões metodológicas dos artigos, considerando as versões revisadas, bem como as adaptações do IAS. Foram destacados alguns resultados comuns entre os estudos como o baixo consumo de frutas, vegetais e/ou leite e derivados e maior consumo dos grupos de carnes e ovos, colesterol, gordura total e gordura saturada. Dentre os artigos que abordaram o IAS e aspectos socioeconômicos, pode-se observar na população estudada que a qualidade da dieta melhora tanto de acordo com o aumento da escolaridade dos pais quanto com a renda da família. O IAS pode ser utilizado para monitorar mudanças no padrão alimentar, bem como ferramenta de educação nutricional e promoção da saúde.

  19. Linguagem e emoção: ethos, fogos e palhas em 'Antiperipléia"

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    Paulo Henrique Aguiar Mendes

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available Este texto apresenta primeiramente um conjunto de hipóteses teóricas sobre as relações es ta belecidas ent re linguagem e emoção,  funda­ mentadas em categorias  oriundas da retórica, da pragmática  e da análise do discurso. Em seguida,  tais hipóteses são aplicadas  na análise do conto de Tutaméia acima referido, com  vistas  a verificar  a sua operacionalidade.

  20. Estudo do efeito da hidroxiuréia no mecanismo de gelatinização das suspensões de colágeno e de hemoglobina.

    OpenAIRE

    Alves, Ellen Denise Lopes

    2014-01-01

    Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Materiais. Rede Temática em Engenharia de Materiais, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. A hidroxiuréia, antineoplásico potente usado no tratamento de vários tipos de câncer e na síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, é um inibidor eficiente na síntese de DNA de células humanas e bacterianas, e também é considerada a principal droga ministrada em pacientes com anemia falciforme. A anemia falciforme é cons...

  1. Produção de geléia real e desenvolvimento da larva de abelhas Apis mellifera, na região semi-árida de Pernambuco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Queiroz Maria de Lourdes de

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Foram analisados dados de produção de geléia real (GR e peso da larva (PL, em dois apiários nos municípios de Ibimirim e Petrolândia, na região semi-árida do Estado de Pernambuco, nos meses de junho e agosto de 1995, para avaliar o momento de maior acúmulo de GR, nas células reais (realeiras, e acompanhar o desenvolvimento da larva. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados. A quantidade de GR acumulada nas realeiras foi avaliada 24, 32, 48, 56 e 72 horas após a transferências das larvas. As análises de variância mostraram efeitos significativos para o tempo de permanência, afetando a produção de GR e o PL, nos dois locais estudados. Foi feito um desdobramento polinomial do efeito de tratamento para se avaliar o momento de maior produção de GL. De acordo com as equações de regressão obtidas, as produções máximas ajustadas de 175,57 mg (Ibimirim e 183,69 mg (Petrolândia foram conseguidas com 59 e 54 horas após a transferência das larvas, respectivamente. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que, em ambos os locais, maiores produções de GR poderão ser obtidas fazendo-se coletas entre 48 e 56 horas após a transferência das larvas. Após esse período, o crescimento da larva é intensificado pelo aumento de consumo de geléia, reduzindo-se a quantidade de GR acumulada nas realeiras.

  2. Alterações cardiovasculares na síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono Cardiovascular comorbidities and obstructive sleep apnea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fátima Dumas Cintra

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS é uma condição prevalente na população, associada a maior risco cardiovascular, freqüentemente não-diagnosticada. O reconhecimento da síndrome requer alto grau de suspeita clínica, especialmente por cardiologistas, e pode ser confirmada por meio da polissonografia. O tratamento da síndrome com o uso de CPAP (pressão positiva na via aérea superior é altamente eficaz, melhorando o padrão respiratório durante o sono, instituindo o sono reparador e, dessa forma, otimizando a qualidade de vida desses pacientes, além de atenuar ou reverter muitas das complicações cardiovasculares relacionadas a SAHOS. Este artigo aborda a fisiopatologia e os aspectos clínicos das comorbidades cardiovasculares associadas à síndrome.Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS is a prevalent condition in the general population. It is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and often goes unrecognized. Its diagnose requires a high degree of clinical suspicion, particularly on the part of cardiologists, and it may be confirmed by polysomnography. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP therapy is highly effective, since it improves sleep breathing pattern, promotes restful sleep and thus enhances the quality of life of these patients, in addition to attenuating or reversing many cardiovascular complications related to OSAHS. This paper addresses the pathophysiology and clinical features of cardiovascular comorbidities associated with the syndrome.

  3. Prevalência e características da cefaléia em uma população de praticantes regulares de exercícios físicos Prevalence and characteristics of headache in a population of regular physical exercise practitioners

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabrício Miranda

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available MOTIVO: O impacto causado pela cefaléia pode impedir a aderência a um programa regular de atividade física. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência e as características da cefaléia em uma população de praticantes de exercícios físicos. MÉTODO: Cem alunos de uma academia foram avaliados. Todos eram alunos regulares por pelo menos 12 meses e praticavam exercícios aeróbicos pelo menos 3 vezes por semana. Um questionário sobre a prevalência e características da cefaléia foi aplicado a todos aqueles que apresentaram nos últimos 12 meses. O questionário de avaliação de impacto MIDAS também foi aplicado. RESULTADOS: 57 homens e 43 mulheres foram incluídos. Oitenta apresentaram cefaléia no período avaliado. Em 63% a dor era pulsátil. Em 73% da amostra a freqüência de crises situava-se em menos de 1 vez a cada 10 dias. O escore do questionário MIDAS foi inferior a 5 em 83% desses pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Embora não avaliados por médico e baseado em recall, os dados sugerem alta prevalência de cefaléia com critérios de migrânea. É incerto se a prática regular de exercícios físicos reduz a freqüência de crises ou se os sofredores de cefaléia com baixa freqüência de crises são os que fazem atividade física regular.BACKGROUND: The burden of headache may impede sufferers from adhering to a routine of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of headache in a health club population. METHOD: One hundred attendees of a health club were interviewed. They all were regular attendees for the previous 12 months and practiced aerobic exercises no less than 3 times a week. A questionnaire with characteristics of headache was applied to all who had a headache attack during the previous 12 months. MIDAS questionnaire was used as well. RESULTS: 57 men and 43 women were included. Eighty subjects had a headache attack, which was pulsatile in 63% of the sufferers. MIDAS was lower than 5 days in 83% of the

  4. Sleep apnea and REM sleep behavior disorder in patients with Chiari malformations Apnéia do sono e distúrbio do comportamento da fase do sono com REM em pacientes com malformações de Chiari

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Sérgio A. Henriques-Filho

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Chiari malformations (CM may result in the appearance of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS that can be considered markers of brain stem dysfunction. PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of RBD and SAS in patients with CM type I and II. METHOD: Were evaluated 103 patients with CM by means of full night polysomnography. Were scoring different sleep stages, frequency of abnormal movements (through video monitoring and abnormal respiratory events. RESULTS: Of the 103 patients, 36 showed CM type I and 67 CM type II. Episodes of RBD were observed in 23 patients. Abnormal apnea-hypopnea index (AHI was observed in 65 patients. CONCLUSION: The high rate of RBD suggests that this parassomnia and the increased frequency of central sleep apnea episodes, may be considered as a marker of progressive brain stem dysfunction.INTRODUÇÃO: Malformações de Chiari (MC podem gerar o aparecimento de distúrbio comportamental da fase do sono com REM (DCR e síndrome da apnéia do sono (SAS, sugerindo a ocorrência de disfunção do tronco cerebral. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a freqüência de DCR e SAS em pacientes com MC I ou II. MÉTODO: Utilizou-se a polissonografia de noite inteira para a avaliação de 103 pacientes. Classificaram-se as diferentes fases do sono e analisou-se a freqüência de movimentos anormais (monitorada por vídeo e de eventos respiratórios anormais. RESULTADOS: Dos 103 pacientes analisados, 36 eram portadores de MC I e 67 de MC II. Episódios de DCR foram observados em 23 pacientes. O índice de apnéia/hipopnéia foi considerado anormal em 65 pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A alta freqüência de DCR e o aumento da freqüência de episódios de apnéia central do sono podem ser considerados manifestação de disfunção progressiva do tronco cerebral.

  5. A forma de aplicação da uréia e dos resíduos vegetais afeta a disponibilidade de nitrogênio The addition form of crop residues and urea interfers on nitrogen availability

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Roberto Ernani

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available O método de aplicação dos resíduos vegetais e dos fertilizantes nitrogenados pode afetar as reações do nitrogênio no solo, principalmente no plantio direto. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar esses efeitos na disponibilidade de N para o milho em dois solos, em casa-de-vegetação. Combinações de métodos (ausência, incorporada ou na superfície de adição de palha de aveia (0,4kg m-2 e uréia (50mg N kg-1 foram aplicadas em unidades experimentais (7dm³ vaso-1 de dois solos, perfazendo um fatorial 3 x 3 x 2. O milho foi semeado no dia da aplicação dos tratamentos e as plantas foram cultivadas durante trinta dias, sobre um Neossolo e um Nitossolo, respectivamente com 50 e 520g kg-1 de argila e 8 e 48g kg-1 de matéria orgânica. A aplicação de palha de aveia, principalmente sobre a superfície do solo, beneficiou o desenvolvimento das plantas, possivelmente pela manutenção de maior quantidade de umidade nos solos. A aplicação de uréia não afetou nenhum parâmetro vegetal no solo argiloso, talvez porque a decomposição da matéria orgânica liberou mais N do que a imobilização ocasionada durante a decomposição da palha; no solo arenoso, entretanto, a uréia foi benéfica quando incorporada ao solo, e prejudicial quando adicionada na superfície, provavelmente devido à toxidez de amônia. Dessa forma, o efeito da decomposição da palha de aveia na disponibilidade de N foi função do teor de matéria orgânica original do solo.Management of both crop residues and nitrogen fertilizers affects soil N reactions especially on no-till systems. The magnitude of these effects on N availability to maize was evaluated in a greenhouse study. Combinations of oat straw and urea (absence, soil incorporated or surface applied were added to experimental units (7-dm³ per pot of two soils, in a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial combination. Plants were sown just following treatments addition, and grown for thirty days in two soils (Typic

  6. Constraining cosmological parameter with SN Ia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Putri, A N Indra; Wulandari, H R Tri

    2016-01-01

    A type I supemovae (SN Ia) is an exploding white dwarf, whose mass exceeds Chandrasekar limit (1.44 solar mass). If a white dwarf is in a binary system, it may accrete matter from the companion, resulting in an excess mass that cannot be balanced by the pressure of degenerated electrons in the core. SNe Ia are highly luminous objects, that they are visible from very high distances. After some corrections (stretch (s), colour (c), K-corrections, etc.), the variations in the light curves of SNe Ia can be suppressed to be no more than 10%. Their high luminosity and almost uniform intrinsic brightness at the peak light, i.e. M B ∼ -19, make SNe Ia ideal standard candle. Because of their visibility from large distances, SNe Ia can be employed as a cosmological measuring tool. It was analysis of SNe Ia data that indicated for the first time, that the universe is not only expanding, but also accelerating. This work analyzed a compilation of SNe Ia data to determine several cosmological parameters (H 0 , Ω m , Ω a , and w ). It can be concluded from the analysis, that our universe is a flat, dark energy dominated universe, and that the cosmological constant A is a suitable candidate for dark energy. (paper)

  7. Identificação de espécies de Colletotrichum associados à antracnose em plantas de atemóia e colonização do fungo nos frutos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Carolina Firmino

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available A atemóia é um híbrido Annona cherimola com A. squamosa. A antracnose, causada por Colletotrichum sp., é uma importante doença da atemóia, causando danos em diferentes órgãos da planta, destacando àqueles causados nos frutos, tanto na pré como na pós-colheita. Diante deste problema, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a identificação de espécies de Colletotrichum associados à antracnose em plantas de atemóia através do seqüenciamento de diferentes regiões do DNA deste fungo e acompanhar as etapas de colonização de frutos de atemóia por este fungo através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Após extração de DNA, foi realizado o seqüenciamento dos genes da β-tubulina e α-elongase e da região do ITS-5.8S rDNA do DNA dos fungos. Das 15 amostras sequenciadas seis foram identificadas como Colletotrichum acutatum e as outras foram identificadas como C. boninense. A espécie C. acutatum foi encontrada somente em amostras obtidas de folhas de atemóia, enquanto que a espécies C. boninense foi identificada de amostras obtidas de frutos, ramos e folhas doentes. Todas as etapas da doença ocorreram nas 48 horas, sendo que foi observada a germinação dos esporos entre duas e quatro horas após a inoculação

  8. Modelo de indução de diarréia osmótica em bezerros holandeses Model for osmotic diarrhea in holstein calves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Lizandra do Rego Leal

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar um protocolo de diarréia osmótica induzida, foram utilizados 18 bezerros hígidos, com idade entre oito e 30 dias de vida, e peso variando de 37 a 50kg. A diarréia e a desidratação foram induzidas por meio da administração de leite integral (16,5mL kg-1, sacarose (4g kg-1, espirolactona e hidroclorotiazida (2mg kg-1, a cada oito horas, durante dois dias. O exame físico e as coletas de sangue para determinações de componentes do hemograma, hemogasometria e de constituintes bioquímicos foram realizados em T0 (0h, T1 (24hi e T2 (48hi. O protocolo de indução da diarréia obteve 100% de eficiência, produzindo diarréia aquosa e desidratação intensa (13% do peso corpóreo acompanhadas de azotemia pré-renal, aumento nos valores do hematócrito, hemoglobina e proteína total, hipercalemia, hiperlactemia, hiperfosfatemia, acidose metabólica e diminuição do défict de volume plasmático e da pressão venosa central.Eighteen health Holstein calves between 18 and 30 days old and 37 weighting 50kg (body weight - BW were used to develop a model for inducing osmotic diarrhea in order to cause a status of dehydration. Thus, sucrose (4g kg BW-1 and spirolactone and hydrochlorothiazide (2mg g BW-1 were added to the whole milk (16.5mL kg-1 each 8h for two days. Physical examination and blood samples for hemogram, acid:base status and biochemical analysis were obtained at 0 (T0, 24h (T1 and 48h (T2. Watery diarrhea and severe dehydration (13% of the BW were seen in all calves, followed by pre-renal azotemia, high values of hematocrit, hemoglobin and total protein levels, hiperkalemia, hyperlactemia, and hyperphosphatemia, metabolic acidosis and decreased plasma volume and central venous pressure.

  9. Alterações morfológicas em traquéias de pacientes intubados em função do tempo de intubação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barbosa Pedro Marco Karan

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Este é um estudo, de caráter analítico-descritivo, que teve como objetivo descrever as alterações morfológicas da traquéia de pacientes intubados com cânulas de alto volume residual e baixa pressão no "cuff", mantidos em ventilação mecânica com pressão intra -"cuff" menor que a capilar da traquéia (20 a 30 mmHg, em função do tempo de intubação. A população constou de 23 pacientes adultos, internados em uma UTI, intubados por períodos entre 27 a 317 horas, e que foram a óbito, necessitando de necropsia para identificação da causa mortis. As alterações encontradas limitaram-se apenas à mucosa da traquéia, atingindo somente o epitélio de revestimento e a lâmina própria, e o tempo de intubação foi um fator determinante do agravamento das lesões na parede traqueal.

  10. Uma Análise das Diferenças em Termos da Cultura a Partir do Projeto de Substituição da IAS 39: Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudia Daniela Ferreira da Mota Carvalho

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A cultura contabilística de cada país é frequentemente encaradacomo um obstáculo à plena harmonização contabilística.Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar as diferenças em termos dacultura a partir da participação dos respondentes nos processosde emissão/alteração de normas do International AccountingStandard Board (Iasb. Para o efeito, foram analisadas as commentletters enviadas ao Iasb no contexto da primeira parte da primeirafase do projeto de substituição da International AccountingStandard (IAS 39: Financial Instruments – Recognition andMeasurement pela International Financial Reporting Standard(IFRS 9. Os países respondentes foram identificados em funçãoda classificação proposta por Gray (1988, sendo posteriormenteos dados recolhidos submetidos ao teste não paramétrico do quiquadrado.Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam a existênciade diferenças em termos da cultura nas respostas obtidas dospaíses, particularmente no contexto do valor contabilísticodo conservadorismo, não se identificando evidências de taisdiferenças para os valores do secretismo, do profissionalismo eda uniformidade. Conclui-se, assim, que os países classificadoscomo conservadores têm preferência por práticas de mensuraçãomais conservadoras, baseadas, designadamente, no custo ou nocusto amortizado, em detrimento de critérios de mensuraçãobaseados no justo valor. Pretende-se que os resultados obtidosneste estudo prestem o suporte necessário à tomada de decisõespor parte dos organismos emissores de normas internacionais,bem como pelos responsáveis nacionais pela subscrição dasreferidas normas.

  11. THE SPECTROSCOPIC DIVERSITY OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blondin, S.; Matheson, T.; Kirshner, R. P.; Mandel, K. S.; Challis, P.; Berlind, P.; Calkins, M.; Garnavich, P. M.; Jha, S. W.; Modjaz, M.; Riess, A. G.; Schmidt, B. P.

    2012-01-01

    We present 2603 spectra of 462 nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), including 2065 previously unpublished spectra, obtained during 1993-2008 through the Center for Astrophysics Supernova Program. There are on average eight spectra for each of the 313 SNe Ia with at least two spectra. Most of the spectra were obtained with the FAST spectrograph at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory 1.5 m telescope and reduced in a consistent manner, making this data set well suited for studies of SN Ia spectroscopic diversity. Using additional data from the literature, we study the spectroscopic and photometric properties of SNe Ia as a function of spectroscopic class using the classification schemes of Branch et al. and Wang et al. The width-luminosity relation appears to be steeper for SNe Ia with broader lines, although the result is not statistically significant with the present sample. Based on the evolution of the characteristic Si II λ6355 line, we propose improved methods for measuring velocity gradients, revealing a larger range than previously suspected, from ∼0 to ∼400 km s −1 day −1 considering the instantaneous velocity decline rate at maximum light. We find a weaker and less significant correlation between Si II velocity and intrinsic B – V color at maximum light than reported by Foley et al., owing to a more comprehensive treatment of uncertainties and host galaxy dust. We study the extent of nuclear burning and the presence of unburnt carbon in the outermost layers of the ejecta and report new detections of C II λ6580 in 23 early-time SN Ia spectra. The frequency of C II detections is not higher in SNe Ia with bluer colors or narrower light curves, in conflict with the recent results of Thomas et al. Based on nebular spectra of 27 SNe Ia, we find no relation between the FWHM of the iron emission feature at ∼4700 Å and Δm 15 (B) after removing the two low-luminosity SN 1986G and SN 1991bg, suggesting that the peak luminosity is not strongly dependent

  12. Balanço da história da educação na França na época contemporânea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christophe Charle

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available  O artigo apresenta um balanço das pesquisas em história da educação na França na época contemporânea, especialmente quanto aos três níveis de ensino - primário, secundário, superior. Para o ensino primário, três perspectivas principais de análise se sucedem ou são estudadas paralelamente - os professores, a escolarização e a cultura escolar. O ensino secundário, apesar de seu papel na formação das elites e da burguesia no século 19 e durante grande parte do século 20, tem suscitado menos estudos inovadores e de discussão que o ensino primário. Quanto ao ensino superior, o artigo mostra que o setor é o mais recentemente estudado na perspectiva moderna da história da educação.  Résume L'article présente un bilan des recherches en histoire de l'éducation en France à l'époque contemporaine, spécialement dans les trois ordres d'enseignement - primaire, secondaire, supérieur. Pour l'enseignement prirnaire, trois angles d'attaque principaux se sont succédés ou ont été étudiés parallelement - les instítuteurs, Ia scolarisation et Ia culture scolaire. Par e contraste, malgré son rôle dans Ia formation des élites et de Ia bourgeoisie au 19 siecle et e pendant Ia plus grande partie du 20 siecle, I' enseignement secondaire a suscité beaucoup moins de travaux novateurs et de controverses que l'enseignement primaire. Par rapport à I'enseignement supérieur, I'article montre que le secteur est le plus récentement développé dans Ia perspective moderne de l'histoire de l'éducatíon. Mots-clé: l’education en France, culture scolaire, l’historie de l’education.

  13. Compare the Difference of B-cell Epitopes of EgAgB1 and EgAgB3 Proteins Selected through Bioinformatic Analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    An, Mengting; Zhang, Fengbo; Zhu, Yuejie; Zhao, Xiao; Ding, Jianbing

    2018-01-01

    Cystic echinococcosis, as a zoonosis, seriously endangers humans and animals, so early diagnosis of this disease is particularly important. Therefore, this study is to predict B-cell epitopes of EgAgB1 and EgAgB3 proteins by bioinformatics software. B-cell epitopes of EgAgB1 and EgAgB3 proteins are predicted using DNAStar and IEDB software. The results suggest that there are two potential B-cell epitopes in EgAgB1, which located in the 8-15 and 31-37 amino acid residue segments. And two potential B-cell epitopes in EgAgB2, located in the 20∼27 and 47∼53 amino acid residue segments. This study predicted the B-cell epitopes of EgAgB1 and EgAgB3 proteins, which laid the foundation for the early diagnosis of Cystic echinococcosis.

  14. The dense core vesicle protein IA-2, but not IA-2β, is required for active avoidance learning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carmona, G N; Nishimura, T; Schindler, C W; Panlilio, L V; Notkins, A L

    2014-06-06

    The islet-antigens IA-2 and IA-2β are major autoantigens in type-1 diabetes and transmembrane proteins in dense core vesicles (DCV). Recently we showed that deletion of both IA-2 and IA-2β alters the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters and impairs behavior and learning. The present study was designed to evaluate the contribution to learning of each of these genes by using single knockout (SKO) and double knockout (DKO) mice in an active avoidance test. After 5 days of training, wild-type (WT) mice showed 60-70% active avoidance responses, whereas the DKO mice showed only 10-15% active avoidance responses. The degree of active avoidance responses in the IA-2 SKO mice was similar to that of the DKO mice, but in contrast, the IA-2β SKO mice behaved like WT mice showing 60-70% active avoidance responses. Molecular studies revealed a marked decrease in the phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) in the striatum and hippocampus of the IA-2 SKO and DKO mice, but not in the IA-2β SKO mice. To evaluate the role of CREB and CAMKII in the SKO and DKO mice, GBR-12909, which selectively blocks the dopamine uptake transporter and increases CREB and CAMKII phosphorylation, was administered. GBR-12909 restored the phosphorylation of CREB and CAMKII and increased active avoidance learning in the DKO and IA-2 SKO to near the normal levels found in the WT and IA-2β SKO mice. We conclude that in the absence of the DCV protein IA-2, active avoidance learning is impaired. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  15. Ganho de peso, característica da carcaça e dos demais componentes corporais de cordeiros confinados, alimentados com distintos teores de uréia Weight gain, carcass traits and other body components from feedlot lambs, fed diets with different levels of urea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Paulo Sobolow de Souza

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho, características das carcaças e componentes não constituintes da carcaça de cordeiros confinados, submetidos a uma dieta convencional, com outras três, que tiveram a fonte de proteína verdadeira substituída por níveis crescentes de uréia. Utilizaram-se 48 cordeiros inteiros, mestiços Ile de France x Corriedale, desmamados aos 70 dias de idade. A recria e a terminação foram efetuadas em regime de confinamento total, e os animais foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em quatro grupos com distintos níveis de uréia (0; 0,4; 0,8 e 1,2% da matéria seca total. Os animais foram abatidos ao redor de 32kg de peso vivo. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis: ganho de peso médio diário, peso vivo ao abate, pH muscular (0 e 45 minutos e 24 horas após o abate, pesos da carcaça quente e fria, porcentagem de perda de peso ao resfriamento, rendimentos comercial e verdadeiro, pesos dos componentes não constituintes da carcaça, condição corporal, conformação e acabamento. Entretanto, para peso da pele, o nível 0%, diferiu do nível 0,8%. Para as variáveis, morfometria e proporção dos cortes das carcaças, não foram observadas diferenças entre os níveis de uréia. O comprimento da perna(cm dos cordeiros com nível de 0,8%, foi inferior ao do nível 0%. Na variável índice de compacidade da perna, o nível 0,8% , diferiu dos níveis 0 e 0,4%. Concluiu-se que a utilização da uréia nos teores apresentados na presente pesquisa, é uma prática viável, não tendo afetado variáveis consideradas.This trial was carried out to evaluate performance, carcass traits and non-carcass components of lambs fed with a conventional diet plus other three diets with crescent levels of urea in substitution of a true protein source. 48 crossbred male lambs (Ile de France x Corriedale weaned at 70 days of age were used. They grew and were

  16. A Model for Forecasting Enlisted Student IA Billet Requirements

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-03-01

    IA execution ........................................... 4   Figure 2.   Learning center to resource sponsor alignment...initial entry training” [3]. 4 Figure 1. Training that counts as student IA execution The second type of chargeable training is the...Reference [ 4 ] describes the process the Navy uses to build the student IA program. It comprises three steps. The first is to forecast student IA E

  17. The Connection between IAS/IFRS and Social Responsibility

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stefano AMELIO

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the paper is to evaluate the degree of social responsibility arising from the statement of comprehensive income prepared according to IAS/IFRS, to demonstrate whether the values obtained from prospects and from the calculation of the indicators are sufficient to analyze the Company's performance from the perspective of social responsibility and sustainable value or not. In order to achieve the objective of harmonization, the European Union adopted the IAS/IFRS developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB. The research is divided into two sections and the approach used is mainly theoretical and qualitative. In the first part, the financial statements to be prepared according to IAS 1 and IAS 7 and, in particular, the so called statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the period are analyzed by underling the function of the same and by presenting some financial performance indicators. Then, the research highlights how these values obtained are not useful to communicate the company's strategy in terms of social responsibility and sustainable value. In the second part the analyses exposes the concept of social balance. According to the social responsibility view the IAS/IFRS financial statements should be accompanied by the social balance. It becomes crucial to complete the set of financial statements stated from IAS 1 with a social balance as well as the same IAS 1 contemplates. For this reason it is possible to say that the connection between IAS/IFRS and social responsibility is weak.

  18. Biopoder & regulação da tecnologia: o caráter normativo da análise de risco dos OGMs Bio-power & technology regulation: the normative character of GMO risk analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victor Pelaez

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a regulação da tecnologia como um processo de disputa de poder através do qual o caráter de neutralidade do conhecimento científico é adotado como uma instância legitimadora das agências reguladoras. Utiliza-se como estudo de caso o processo de disputa na regulação dos organismos geneticamente modificados a partir de dois princípios fundamentais: o Princípio de Equivalência Substancial, adotado pelos EUA; e o Princípio de Precaução, adotado pelos países da União Européia.This paper analyses the regulation of technology as a process of power dispute through which the character of neutrality of scientific knowledge is adopted as a legitimising factor of regulating bodies. The dispute for the regulation of genetically modified organisms is taken as a case study from two fundamental principles: the Principle of Substantial Equivalence adopted by the USA; and the Precautionary Principle adopted by European Union Countries.

  19. Phase diagrams of two dimensional Pd{sub x}Ag{sub 1-x}/Pd(111) and Pt{sub x}Ag{sub 1-x}/Pt(111) surface alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Engstfeld, Albert K.; Roetter, Ralf T.; Bergbreiter, Andreas; Hoster, Harry E.; Behm, R. Juergen [Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University (Germany)

    2011-07-01

    The distribution of Ag and Pd or Pt in Ag{sub x}Pd{sub 1-x}/Pd(111) and Ag{sub x}Pt{sub 1-x}/Pt(111) surface alloys was studied by high resolution UHV-STM. The alloys were prepared by evaporating Ag on the respective substrate and subsequent annealing to 800 K. From quantitative 2D atom distributions we can show that AgPt tends towards two dimensional clustering and AgPd towards a 'quasi' random distribution, with small deviations for low and high coverages. From effective pair interactions, we are able to calculate the surface mixing energy and determine 2D phase diagrams. Furthermore we will elucidate whether the size mismatch or the differences in the intermetallic bonding are the dominant factor for the respective distribution in the surface alloy.

  20. Cortical NMDA receptor expression in human chronic alcoholism: influence of the TaqIA allele of ANKK1.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ridge, Justin P; Dodd, Peter R

    2009-10-01

    Real-time RT-PCR normalized to GAPDH was used to assay N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunit mRNA in human autopsy cortex tissue from chronic alcoholics with and without comorbid cirrhosis of the liver and matched controls. Subunit expression was influenced by the subject's genotype. The TaqIA polymorphism selectively modulated NMDA receptor mean transcript expression in cirrhotic-alcoholic superior frontal cortex, in diametrically opposite ways in male and female subjects. Genetic make-up may differentially influence vulnerability to brain damage by altering the excitation: inhibition balance, particularly in alcoholics with comorbid cirrhosis of the liver. The TaqIA polymorphism occurs within the poorly characterised ankyrin-repeat containing kinase 1 (ANKK1) gene. Using PCR, ANKK1 mRNA transcript was detected in inferior temporal, occipital, superior frontal and primary motor cortex of control human brain. ANKK1 expression may mediate the influence of the TaqIA polymorphism on phenotype.

  1. Palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica Mill e uréia em substituição ao feno de capim tifton (Cynodon spp em dietas de vacas da raça holandesa em lactação. 1. Digestibilidade = Forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica Mill and urea in replacement of tifton hay (Cynodon spp in lactating Holstein cows diet. 1. Digestibility

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmem Valéria de Araújo Cavalcanti

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Foi avaliado o efeito de quatro níveis (0%; 12,5%; 25%; 37,5%; e 50% de palma forrageira e uréia em substituição ao feno de capim tifton, na ração de vacas da raça holandesa em lactação sobre a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (DAMS, da matéria orgânica(DAMO, da fibra em detergente neutro (DAFDN, da proteína bruta (DAPB, dos carboidratos totais (DACHOT e dos carboidratos não fibrosos (DACNF. Foram utilizadas cinco vacas, com peso médio de 480 kg e produção média de leite de 20 kg/dia, distribuídas em um quadrado latino 5x5. As DAMS, DAMO, DACHOT e DACNF aumentaram, aDAFDN diminuiu linearmente e a DAPB não foi influenciada com o aumento dos níveis de palma e uréia na dieta. Os nutrientes digestíveis totais de mantença, a energia digestível de lactação, energia metabolizável de lactação e energia líquida de lactação aumentaram à medida que eram incluídas palma e uréia na dieta.The effect of five levels forage cactus and urea (0.0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 and 50% in replacement of tifton hay in lactating Holstein cows diets, on the apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM, organic matter (ADOM, neutral detergent fiber (ADNDF, crude protein (ADCP, total carbohydrates (ADTC and nonfiber carbohydrates (ADNFC were evaluated. Five Holstein cows weighing on average 480 kg and with an average milk yield of 20 kg of milk/day were used in a 5x5 Latin square design. The DM, OM, TC and NFC apparent digestibility increased while NDF apparent digestibility decreased linearly and the CP apparent digestibility was not affected by the inclusion of forage cactus and urea. The total digestible nutrients of maintenance,digestible energy of lactation, metabolizing energy of lactation and liquid energy of lactation increased as the forage cactus and urea levels increased.

  2. Lateral and vertical manipulations of single atoms on the Ag(1 1 1) surface with the copper single-atom and trimer-apex tips

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie Yiqun; Yang Tianxing; Ye Xiang; Huang Lei

    2011-01-01

    We study the lateral and vertical manipulations of single Ag and Cu atoms on the Ag(1 1 1) surface with the Cu single-atom and trimer-apex tips using molecular statics simulations. The reliability of the lateral manipulation with the Cu single-atom tip is investigated, and compared with that for the Ag tips. We find that overall the manipulation reliability (MR) increases with the decreasing tip height, and in a wide tip-height range the MR is better than those for both the Ag single-atom and trimer-apex tips. This is due to the stronger attractive force of the Cu tip and its better stability against the interactions with the Ag surface. With the Cu trimer-apex tip, the single Ag and Cu adatoms can be picked up from the flat Ag(1 1 1) surface, and moreover a reversible vertical manipulation of single Ag atoms on the stepped Ag(1 1 1) surface is possible, suggesting a method to modify two-dimensional Ag nanostructures on the Ag(1 1 1) surface with the Cu trimer-apex tip.

  3. Sonolência excessiva diurna, apnéia do sono tipo central e distrofia miotônica

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    Rubens Reimão

    1985-12-01

    Full Text Available São relatados dois casos de distrofia miotônica acompanhada de sonolência excessiva diurna. A avaliação polissonográfica de noite inteira revelou grande número de apnéias do sono tipo central deflagrando despertares freqüentes. As apnéias dos tipos obstrutivo e misto ocorreram em níveis normais e não se constatou hipoxia. Houve diminuição da eficiência do sono e redução dos estágios 3, 4 e REM. A apnéia central e a sonolência diurna que acarreta representariam manifestações precoces do comprometimento do sistema nervoso central na distrofia miotônica.

  4. A IDÉIA DE UMA HISTORIOGRAFIA DIRECIONADA PARA A VIDA E A CRÍTICA AO CONCEITO DE PROGRESSO NA FILOSOFIA DE NIETZSCHE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Nunes Bittencourt

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a reflexão nietzschiana sobre a relação da cultura européia do séc.XIX com o desenvolvimento da perspectiva historicista, o modo pelo qual tal tendência seassociava a um exercício exacerbado de acúmulo erudito de informações, que, ao invés depromoverem o cultivo da genialidade humana, na verdade motivavam o seu declínio vital, e deque maneira esse projeto cultural historicista se baseia numa noção teleológica da história dacivilização ocidental, sustentada pela idéia de que a humanidade caminha ao estado deprogresso contínuo, pois uma razão superior ordena nossa realidade concreta. Para Nietzsche,tal concepção retira do presente a sua significação, postergada para um futuro ideal.F

  5. Rates and progenitors of type Ia supernovae

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wood-Vasey, William Michael [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

    2004-01-01

    analyzing the true sensitivity of a multi-epoch supernova search and finds a Type Ia supernova rate from z ~ 0.01-0.1 of rV = 4.26$+1.39 +0.10\\atop{-1.93 -0.10}$h3 x 10-4 SNe Ia/yr/Mpc3 from a preliminary analysis of a subsample of the SNfactory prototype search. Several unusual supernovae were found in the course of the SNfactory prototype search. One in particular, SN 2002ic, was the first SN Ia to exhibit convincing evidence for a circumstellar medium and offers valuable insight into the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae.

  6. Rates and progenitors of type Ia supernovae

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wood-Vasey, William Michael

    2004-01-01

    analyzing the true sensitivity of a multi-epoch supernova search and finds a Type Ia supernova rate from z ∼ 0.01-0.1 of r V = 4.26 -1.93 -0.10 +1.39 +0.10 h 3 x 10 -4 SNe Ia/yr/Mpc 3 from a preliminary analysis of a subsample of the SNfactory prototype search. Several unusual supernovae were found in the course of the SNfactory prototype search. One in particular, SN 2002ic, was the first SN Ia to exhibit convincing evidence for a circumstellar medium and offers valuable insight into the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae

  7. Estudo da circulação e dos processos de mistura no extremo sul do mar de Cananéia: condições de dezembro de 1991 A study of circulation and mixing process in the southern par of the Cananéia sea: December of 1991

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Bruner de Miranda

    1995-01-01

    Full Text Available Foram analisados dados de correntes e de propriedades hidrográficas amostradas durante três ciclos completos de maré, em dezembro de 1991. O máximo valor da componente longitudinal da velocidade da corrente variou, para as condições de enchente e de vazante, de 50 a -100 cm/s com esses extremos precedendo de 1,0 a 1,5 horas a ocorrência dos instantes de maré alta e baixa, respectivamente. A componente transversal de velocidade mostrou que a circulação secundária predominava na direção leste com núcleos de máxima de até 30 cm/s em profundidades médias, enquanto que no sentido oposto (para oeste essa componente apresentou valores máximos próximos a -10 cm/s na camada de superfície. A variabilidade da salinidade indicou uma quase homogeneidade vertical e durante a enchente o seu máximo (34,5-35,0 %o precede a maré alta com uma defasagem de 1,0-2,0 horas. Entretanto, durante a vazante, a maré baixa precede o mínimo de salinidade (29,5-30,5 %o com defasagens entre 2 e 3 horas. Não obstante a região estudada ser parte de um complexo sistema estuarino de planície costeira, o extremo sul do Mar de Cananéia foi classificado, de acordo com o Diagrama Estratificação-circulação, como parcialmente misturado e fracamente estratificado (Tipo 2a. O movimento resultante reverte a 2,5 m de profundidade e quase 100% do fluxo de sal estuário acima é devido a difusão turbulenta.Current and hydrographic properties sampled during three tidal cycles in December, 1991, were analysed. The highest values of the along channel velocity for the flood and ebb varied from 50 cm/s to -100 cm/s, respectively, and these values lead the high and low water occurrence with a time lag of 1.0-1.5 hours. The secondary circulation (cross channel component predominates towards east with speeds in midwater depths up to 30 cm/s. Towards the west the secondary circulation was observed only in the upper layer with maxima speeds close to -10 cm/s. Salinity

  8. Sensitive determination of dopamine levels via surface-enhanced Raman scattering of Ag nanoparticle dimers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Xiantong; He, XiaoXiao; Yang, Taiqun; Zhao, Litao; Chen, Qichen; Zhang, Sanjun; Chen, Jinquan; Xu, Jianhua

    2018-01-01

    Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which can produce a direct influence on mammals' emotions in midbrain. Additionally, the level of DA is highly related with some important neurologic diseases such as schizophrenia, Parkinson, and Huntington's diseases, etc. In light of the important roles that DA plays in the disease modulation, it is of considerable significance to develop a sensitive and reproducible approach for monitoring DA. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient approach to quantitatively monitor the level of DA using Ag nanoparticle (NP) dimers and enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Ag NP dimers were synthesized for the sensitive detection of DA via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Citrate was used as both the capping agent of NPs and sensing agent to DA, which is self-assembled on the surface of Ag NP dimers by reacting with the surface carboxyl group to form a stable amide bond. To improve accuracy and precision, the multiplicative effects model for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was utilized to analyze the SERS assays. A low limits of detection (LOD) of 20 pM and a wide linear response range from 30 pM to 300 nM were obtained for DA quantitative detection. The SERS enhancement factor was theoretically valued at approximately 10 7 by discrete dipole approximation. DA was self-assembled on the citrate capped surface of Ag NPs dimers through the amide bond. The adsorption energy was estimated to be 256 KJ/mol using the Langmuir isotherm model. The density functional theory was used to simulate the spectral characteristics of SERS during the adsorption of DA on the surface of the Ag dimers. Furthermore, to improve the accuracy and precision of quantitative analysis of SERS assays with a multiplicative effects model for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. A LOD of 20 pM DA-level was obtained, and the linear response ranged from 30 pM to 300 nM for quantitative DA detection. The

  9. Microstructure analyses and thermoelectric properties of Ag1−xPb18Sb1+yTe20

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perlt, S.; Höche, Th.; Dadda, J.; Müller, E.; Bauer Pereira, P.; Hermann, R.; Sarahan, M.; Pippel, E.; Brydson, R.

    2012-01-01

    This study reports microstructural investigations of long-term annealed Ag 1−x Pb m Sb 1+y Te 2+m (m=18, x=y=0, hereinafter referred to as AgPb 18 SbTe 20 ) (Lead–Antimony–Silver–Tellurium, LAST-18) as well as of Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 , i.e. Ag-deficient and Sb-excess LAST-18 (x≠0,y≠0), respectively. Two different length scales are explored. The micrometer scale was evaluated by SEM to analyze the volume fraction and the number of secondary phases as well as the impact of processing parameters on the homogeneity of bulk samples. For AgPb 18 SbTe 20 , site-specific FIB liftout of TEM lamellae from thermoelectrically characterized samples was accomplished to investigate the structure on the nanometer scale. High-resolution TEM and energy-filtered TEM were performed to reveal shape and size distribution of nanoprecipitates, respectively. A hypothesis concerning the structure–property relationship is set out within the frame of a gradient annealing experiment. This study is completed by results dealing with inhomogeneities on the micrometer scale of Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 and its electronic properties. Highlights: ► SEM and TEM microstructure investigation of long-term annealed AgPb 18 SbTe 20 . ► SEM and thermoelectric studies on Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 . ► Discussion concerning structure–property relationship in long-term annealed AgPb 18 SbTe 20 . ► Correlation between Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 microscale structure and electronic properties.

  10. GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma: A meta-analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fengfeng Wu

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The association between GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma is controversial according to previously published studies. We conducted this meta-analysis to further investigate the role of GSTP1 A>G genetic variation in response to chemotherapy resistance in patients with osteosarcoma. Using the electronic databases of Pubmed, Wanfang and CNIK were searched to find the studies related to the GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma. The genotype of AA, AG and GG were extracted from the chemotherapy sensitivity and chemotherapy resistance group. The association between GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity was calculated by STATA11.0 software. The correlation between GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemotherapy response was assessed by odds ratio (OR and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI. Four studies with 681 cases were finally included in this meta-analysis. The pooled data indicated that there was no significant association between GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity in patients with osteosarcoma [Homozygous genetic model (GG vs AA: OR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.25-1.12, P=0.10; recessive genetic model (GG vs GA+AA: OR=0.61, 95%CI:0.34-1.11,P=0.11; and dominant genetic model (GG+AG vs AA: OR=0.67, 95%CI:0.42-1.07,P=0.10]. No correlation between GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity was found according to this present meta-analysis. However, the small number of cases in each included study and significant statistical heterogeneity among the trials means the conclusion should be regarded as conservative.

  11. Type Ia Supernova Cosmology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leibundgut, B.; Sullivan, M.

    2018-03-01

    The primary agent for Type Ia supernova cosmology is the uniformity of their appearance. We present the current status, achievements and uncertainties. The Hubble constant and the expansion history of the universe are key measurements provided by Type Ia supernovae. They were also instrumental in showing time dilation, which is a direct observational signature of expansion. Connections to explosion physics are made in the context of potential improvements of the quality of Type Ia supernovae as distance indicators. The coming years will see large efforts to use Type Ia supernovae to characterise dark energy.

  12. Zinc transporter-8 autoantibodies can replace IA-2 autoantibodies as a serological marker for juvenile onset type 1 diabetes in India

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C Shivaprasad

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8 is an islet cell secretory granule membrane protein recently identified as an autoantigen in type 1 diabetes (T1D. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to ZnT8 (ZnT8A in juvenile onset T1D and to determine the utility of ZnT8A as an independent marker of autoimmunity either alone in antibody-negative subjects or in conjunction with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD and insulinoma-2 antigen antibodies (GADA and IA2A. Research Design: ZnT8A, GADA, and IA2A were measured in sera of consecutive T1D patients (n = 88, age range 2-18 years within 4 years of diagnosis and 88 sex-matched controls. Results: The prevalences of GADA, ZnT8a, and IA2A were 64.7%, 31.8% and 19.3%, respectively. In newly diagnosed patients, the frequency of ZnT8A was 45%. ZnT8A were positive in 26% of patients negative for both GADA and IA2A. IA2A were positive only in two patients who were negative for other two antibodies. Combined use of ZnT8A and GADA could detect 97% of antibody positive patients. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC analysis, the performances of GADA and ZnT8As were better than that of IA2A; and AUCs of GADA, ZnT8A, and IA2A for the prediction of T1D were 0.8, 0.65, and 0.59, respectively. Conclusions: ZnT8A complements GADA and increases the diagnostic sensitivity for detection of autoimmunity in juvenile-onset T1D. Inclusion of ZnT8A increases the proportion of patients with antibody positivity to nearly 80%. ZnT8A can replace IA2A as a serological marker for autoimmunity in Indian T1D patients without loss of sensitivity and specificity.

  13. Type-Ia Supernova Rates and the Progenitor Problem: A Review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maoz, D.; Mannucci, F.

    2012-01-01

    The identity of the progenitor systems of type-Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is a major unsolved problem in astrophysics. SN Ia rates are providing some striking clues. We review the basics of SN rate measurement, preach about some sins of SN rate measurement and analysis, and illustrate one of these sins with an analogy about Martian scientists. We review the recent progress in measuring SN Ia rates in various environments and redshifts, and their use to reconstruct the SN Ia delay-time distribution (DTD) - the SN rate versus time that would follow a hypothetical brief burst of star formation. A good number of DTD measurements, using a variety of methods, appear to be converging. At delays 1measurements show a similar, ~t-1, power-law shape. The DTD peaks at the shortest delays probed. This result supports the idea of a double-degenerate progenitor origin for SNe Ia. Single-degenerate progenitors may still play a role in producing short-delay SNe Ia, or perhaps all SNe Ia, if the red-giant donor channel is more efficient than is found by most theoretical models. The DTD normalization enjoys fairly good agreement (though perhaps some tension), among the various measurements, with a Hubble time-integrated DTD value of about 2+/-1 SNe Ia per 1000Msolar (stellar mass formed with a low-mass turnover initial mass function). The local WD binary population suggests that the WD merger rate can explain the Galactic SN Ia rate, but only if sub-Chandra mergers lead to SN Ia events. We point to some future directions that should lead to progress in the field, including measurement of the bivariate (delay and stretch) SN Ia response function.

  14. Prepubertal growth in congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia (CDG-Ia)

    OpenAIRE

    Kjaergaard, S; Muller, J; Skovby, F

    2002-01-01

    Aims: To delineate the pattern of growth in prepubertal children with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia (CDG-Ia) in order to identify critical period(s) and possible cause(s) of growth failure.

  15. Reliable lateral manipulation of a single Ag adatom on a Ag(1 1 1) surface with a trimer-apex tip

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie Yiqun; Shi Wangzhou; Du Guoping

    2009-01-01

    We study the reliability of the lateral manipulation of a single Ag adatom on a Ag(1 1 1) surface with the single-atom and trimer-apex tips based on molecular statics simulations using surface embedded-atom-method potential. The dependence of the manipulation reliability on tip height and orientation is investigated. For the single-atom tip the manipulation reliability increases monotonically with decreasing tip height, which is owing to the strengthened lateral tip-adatom interaction as the tip height lowers. For the trimer-apex tip, the manipulation reliability is sensitive to the tip orientation in the lower tip-height range, while in the higher tip-height range the manipulation reliability is independent of the tip orientation and moreover can be greatly improved due to the strong vertical attraction of the tip on the adatom as compared to the single-atom tip. We also compare these results to those for manipulating single Cu adatoms on the Cu(1 1 1) surface, reveal the underlying physics, and propose the method to improve the manipulation reliability for different systems.

  16. GABIROBA JELLY: EVALUATION OF ACCEPTABILITY AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS GELÉIA DE GABIROBA: AVALIAÇÃO DA ACEITABILIDADE E CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS E QUÍMICAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thalita Lin Netto Cândido

    2008-06-01

    características físicas e químicas da geléia de gabiroba, consideradas aceitas na análise sensorial, durante 180 dias de armazenamento. As geléias foram formuladas com as seguintes proporções de polpa de gabiroba: açúcar 50 : 50, mínimo de 65% de sólidos solúveis, 0,5% de pectina e teores crescentes de ácido cítrico (0-1,5%. As geléias com aceitáveis atributos sensoriais e bom nível de intenção de compra foram armazenadas a temperatura ambiente e avaliadas quanto às características físicas e químicas (umidade, pH, acidez titulável e sólidos solúveis, mensalmente, até 180 dias de armazenamento. As geléias com 1,0% e 1,5% de ácido cítrico foram consideradas aceitas (escores maiores ou iguais a 6,0, quanto às características sensoriais de sabor, aroma, textura (aceitação global e aparência. Os teores de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável aumentaram e o pH reduziu com o tempo de armazenamento. Geléias de gabiroba com características químicas adequadas e boa aceitabilidade podem ser elaboradas com 0,5% de pectina e adição de 1,0% e 1,5% de ácido cítrico.

    PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gabiroba; geléia; análise sensorial; análises físico-químicas.

  17. Diarréia nosocomial em unidade de terapia intensiva: incidência e fatores de risco Nosocomial diarrhea in the intensive care unit: incidence and risk factors

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    Sérvulo Luiz Borges

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available RACIONAL: Diarréia nosocomial parece ser comum em unidades de terapia intensiva, embora sua epidemiologia seja pouco documentada em nosso meio. OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência e fatores de risco de diarréia entre pacientes adultos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos prospectivamente 457 pacientes no período entre outubro de 2005 e outubro de 2006. Dados demográficos, clínicos e bioquímicos, bem como aspecto e número de evacuações eram registrados diariamente até a saída do paciente do setor. RESULTADOS: Diarréia ocorreu em 135 (29,5% pacientes, durando em média 5,4 dias. O tempo do seu início em relação à internação foi de 17,8 dias e casos similares de diarréia no mesmo período foram registrados em 113 (83,7% pacientes. A mortalidade hospitalar foi maior nos pacientes com diarréia do que naqueles sem esta intercorrência. Na análise multivariada através de modelo de regressão logística, apenas o número de antibióticos (OR 1,65; IC 95% = 1,39-1,95 e o número de dias de antibioticoterapia (OR 1,16; IC 95% = 1,12-1,20 associaram-se estatisticamente com a ocorrência de diarréia. Cada dia de acréscimo a mais da antibioticoterapia aumentou em 16% o risco de diarréia (IC 12% a 20%, enquanto a adição de um antibiótico a mais ao esquema antimicrobiano aumentou as chances de ocorrência de diarréia em 65% (IC 39% a 95%. CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de diarréia nosocomial na unidade de terapia intensiva é elevada (29,5%. Os principais fatores de risco para sua ocorrência foram número de antibióticos prescritos e duração da antibioticoterapia. Além das precauções entéricas, a prescrição judiciosa e limitada de antimicrobianos, provavelmente reduzirá a ocorrência de diarréia neste setor.BACKGROUND: Nosocomial diarrhea seems to be common at intensive care units, although its epidemiology be poorly documented in Brazil. AIM: To determine the incidence and risk factors of

  18. The chimeric transcript RUNX1-GLRX5: a biomarker for good postoperative prognosis in Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ishikawa, Rie; Amano, Yosuke; Kawakami, Masanori; Sunohara, Mitsuhiro; Watanabe, Kousuke; Kage, Hidenori; Ohishi, Nobuya; Yatomi, Yutaka; Nakajima, Jun; Fukayama, Masashi; Nagase, Takahide; Takai, Daiya

    2016-02-01

    Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer cases have been recognized as having a low risk of relapse; however, occasionally, relapse may occur. To predict clinical outcome in Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer patients, we searched for chimeric transcripts that can be used as biomarkers and identified a novel chimeric transcript, RUNX1-GLRX5, comprising RUNX1, a transcription factor, and GLRX5. This chimera was detected in approximately half of the investigated Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer patients (44/104 cases, 42.3%). Although there was no significant difference in the overall survival rate between RUNX1-GLRX5-positive and -negative cases (P = 0.088), a significantly lower relapse rate was observed in the RUNX1-GLRX5-positive cases (P = 0.039), indicating that this chimera can be used as a biomarker for good prognosis in Stage IA patients. Detection of the RUNX1-GLRX5 chimeric transcript may therefore be useful for the determination of a postoperative treatment plan for Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer patients. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press.

  19. Cultura da Convergência

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Christofoletti

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Três idéias já seriam suficientes para que a leitura de “Cultura da Convergência”, de Henry Jenkins, interessasse a jornalistas e pesquisadores da área: a convergência midiática como um processo cultural; o fortalecimento de uma economia afetiva que orienta consumidores de bens simbólicos e criadores midiáticos; a expansão de formas narrativas transmidiáticas.

  20. Avaliação da atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do extrato etanólico bruto e frações orgânicas obtidas a partir da casca do caule da espécie Guettarda uruguensis Cham, & Scthdl, (Rubiaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Flávia Schvabe Duarte

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial antioxidante e antimicrobiano do extrato bruto e frações obtidas das cascas do caule da espécie Guettarda uruguensis, Os ensaios antioxidantes indicaram alto potencial antioxidante, No ensaio de redução de fosfomolibdênio, a fração acetato de etila apresentou atividade antioxidante de 41,67% em relação ao padrão de ácido ascórbico e superou em 35,21% a atividade do padrão rutina, No ensaio de redução do DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, a fração acetato de etila apresentou um IC50 de 10,91 µg mL-1, valor próximo ao do ácido ascórbico (IC50 = 4,78 µg mL-1 e da rutina (IC50 = 6,62 µg mL-1, Pelo ensaio de TBA (acido tiobabitúrico o extrato bruto (IA = 71,48% e a fração hexano (IA = 47,85% apresentaram índices superiores ao controle de BHT (butil hidroxi tolueno (IA = 42,66, Através do ensaio de microdiluição em placas, foi observado que o extrato bruto e frações apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana, O estudo fitoquímico qualitativo revelou a presença de alcaloides, cumarinas, esteroides e/ou triterpenos, heterosídeos saponínicos, taninos e aminogrupos.

  1. Efeito da inibição da óxido nítrico sintase induzível na capacitação in vitro de espermatozoides bovinos Effect of inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase on in vitro capacitation of bovine spermatozoa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.B.P. Ferreira-Berbari

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se o papel do óxido nítrico (NO por meio da inibição da enzima óxido nítrico sintase induzível (iNOS, após a adição da aminoguanidina (AG, na motilidade, no vigor e na integridade da membrana plasmática nos tempos de 15, 60, 120, 180, 240 e 300min e a atividade mitocondrial e a capacitação de espermatozoides bovinos após 300min de cultivo. Adicionaram-se diferentes concentrações (0,001, 0,01 e 0,1M de AG durante a capacitação induzida pela heparina e 500μM de nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP, doador de NO à concentração deletéria. A adição de 0,1M de AG diminuiu a motilidade e o vigor espermático e a integridade da membrana (PThe role of nitric oxide (NO was evaluated by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, with aminoguanidine (AG on motility, vigor, and plasmatic membrane integrity of bovine spermatozoa culture after 15, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300min and on mitochondrial activity and capacitation after 300min, respectively. Different concentrations, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1M of AG were added during the heparin induced capacitation and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor-500μM to the deleterious concentration. The addition of 0.1M of AG diminished progressive motility, spermatic vigor, and membrane integrity (P<0.05. SNP addition to the 0.1M of AG did revert only plasmatic membrane integrity after 300min. Mitochondrial activity was not influenced by addition of AG. Percentage of penetrated oocytes after addition of 0.01 and 0.1M of AG diminished, 20.3 and 100%, respectively, in relation to the control oocytes (P<0.05. However, an increase of 15% was observed when denuded oocytes were used with 0.1M AG treated sperm (P<0.05. It was concluded that the inhibition of NO synthesis with aminoguanidine diminished sperm quality during in vitro capacitation of bovine spermatozoa, except the mitochondrial activity. Only membrane integrity was reverted with the addition of NO to culture medium, suggesting

  2. Característica da deposição e distribuição da calda de pulverização na cultura da soja em estádio fenológico V6 Characteristic of the spray deposition and distribution in soybean'crop on V6 growth stage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jamil Constantin

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da deposição da calda de pulverização produzida por diferentes modelos de pontas de pulverização e pressões de trabalho no estádio fenológico V6 da cultura da soja. Oito tratamentos e cinquenta repetições foram estudados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2, representados por quatro modelos de pontas de pulverização do fabricante Magno® e duas condições de pressão de trabalho (207 e 414 kPa, constituindo os tratamentos: AD 11002 (152 L ha-1 e 208 L ha-1; AD/D 11002 (152 L ha-1 e 208 L ha-1; AD-IA/D 11002 (152 L ha-1 e 208 L ha-1; MAG 2 e MAG 3 (157 L ha-1 e 212 L ha-1. Para monitorar a deposição das caldas de pulverização, utilizou-se dos traçadores Azul Brilhante FD&C-1 (0,3% p/v e Amarelo de Tartrasina FD&C-5 (0,6% p/v. Os depósitos unitários das soluções sobre os trifólios superiores e inferiores das plantas de soja foram quantificados por espectrofotometria. As maiores quantidades de deposição da calda de pulverização, nas posições superior e inferior da cultura da soja, foram obtidas com as pontas MAG 2 e AD/D 11002, em pressão de 414 kPa. O aumento da pressão de 207 para 414 kPa, utilizando-se das pontas AD 11002; AD/D 11002 e AD-IA/D 11002 aumentou a deposição sobre os trifólios superiores e inferiores, ao contrário do uso da ponta MAG 3 em relação a MAG 2, em 414 kPa.This work aimed to evaluate the performance of spray deposition produced by different spray nozzles and work pressures in soybean crop on V6 phenological stage. Eight treatments and fifty repetitions were studied in completely randomized delineation, in factorial scheme 4x2, represented by four models of spray nozzles of MagnoTM manufacturer and by two work pressures (207 and 414 kPa, constituting the treatments AD 11002 (152 L ha-1 and 208 L ha-1, AD/D 11002 (152 L ha-1 and 208 L ha-1, AD-IA/D 11002 (152 L ha-1 and 208 L ha-1, MAG 2 and MAG 3 (157 L ha-1

  3. Estudo da radiosensibilidade ao 60CO do Vibrio cholerae O1 incorporado em ostras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivany R de Moraes

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficiência da radiação ionizante por 60CO na eliminação de Vibrio cholerae O1, El Tor Ogawa, não-toxigênico, incorporados laboratorialmente em ostras vivas da espécie Crassostrea brasiliana. MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas amostras de ostras provenientes de Cananéia (litoral sul de São Paulo, Brasil, as quais foram contaminadas com Vibrio cholerae e irradiadas com doses de 0,5 kGy e 1,0 kGy. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas diminuições significativas do número inicial do microrganismo indicado: de 3,4.10(7 para 10³ e 10², respectivamente. Os valores de D10 correspondentes foram de 0,173 a 0,235. CONCLUSÃO: Adotando-se o fator 6 como nível de segurança, conclui-se que a dose de irradiação de 1,41 kGy é necessária para eliminar números elevados de células viáveis de V. cholerae em ostras. Os experimentos foram realizados com os controles respectivos.

  4. Estudo da radiosensibilidade ao 60CO do Vibrio cholerae O1 incorporado em ostras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moraes Ivany R de

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficiência da radiação ionizante por 60CO na eliminação de Vibrio cholerae O1, El Tor Ogawa, não-toxigênico, incorporados laboratorialmente em ostras vivas da espécie Crassostrea brasiliana. MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas amostras de ostras provenientes de Cananéia (litoral sul de São Paulo, Brasil, as quais foram contaminadas com Vibrio cholerae e irradiadas com doses de 0,5 kGy e 1,0 kGy. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas diminuições significativas do número inicial do microrganismo indicado: de 3,4.10(7 para 10³ e 10², respectivamente. Os valores de D10 correspondentes foram de 0,173 a 0,235. CONCLUSÃO: Adotando-se o fator 6 como nível de segurança, conclui-se que a dose de irradiação de 1,41 kGy é necessária para eliminar números elevados de células viáveis de V. cholerae em ostras. Os experimentos foram realizados com os controles respectivos.

  5. Identification of EhTIF-IA: The putative E. histolytica orthologue of the human ribosomal RNA transcription initiation factor-IA.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Srivastava, Ankita; Bhattacharya, Alok; Bhattacharya, Sudha; Jhingan, Gagan Deep

    2016-03-01

    Initiation of rDNA transcription requires the assembly of a specific multi-protein complex at the rDNA promoter containing the RNA Pol I with auxiliary factors. One of these factors is known as Rrn3P in yeast and Transcription Initiation Factor IA (TIF-IA) in mammals. Rrn3p/TIF-IA serves as a bridge between RNA Pol I and the pre-initiation complex at the promoter. It is phosphorylated at multiple sites and is involved in regulation of rDNA transcription in a growth-dependent manner. In the early branching parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica, the rRNA genes are present exclusively on circular extra chromosomal plasmids. The protein factors involved in regulation of rDNA transcription in E. histolytica are not known. We have identified the E. histolytica equivalent of TIF-1A (EhTIF-IA) by homology search within the database and was further cloned and expressed. Immuno-localization studies showed that EhTIF-IA co-localized partially with fibrillarin in the peripherally localized nucleolus. EhTIF-IA was shown to interact with the RNA Pol I-specific subunit RPA12 both in vivo and in vitro. Mass spectroscopy data identified RNA Pol I-specific subunits and other nucleolar proteins to be the interacting partners of EhTIF-IA. Our study demonstrates for the first time a conserved putative RNA Pol I transcription factor TIF-IA in E. histolytica.

  6. Clues on Type Ia Supernovae Progenitors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Piersanti, Luciano; Tornambe, Amedeo

    2005-01-01

    We show that in the framework of canonical stellar evolution it is hard, if not impossible, to determine the growth in mass of a CO White Dwarf, up to the Chandrasekhar limit by means of mass transfer from its companion in a binary system. This is the case either if matter is accreted from a normal companion with an H-rich envelope or if direct CO accretion occurs from a CO WD companion. At variance, we show that if the effects of rotation are taken into account in modeling the accretion process, a CO WD can increase its mass at the expenses of the degenerate CO companion up and beyond 1.4 M· , so that an explosive event of the type Ia class is naturally produced. This theoretical finding revives the Double Degenerate scenario for type Ia SNe progenitors. In such a case the internal spread in the observational properties of type Ia SNe may be interpreted as a consequence of different total masses; hence differences between SNe Ia in nearby elliptical galaxies and the majority of those in spirals should be expected and the current use of type Ia SNe as cosmological distance indicators should be justified

  7. THE LOCAL HOSTS OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Neill, James D.; Martin, D. Christopher; Barlow, Tom A.; Foster, Karl; Friedman, Peter G.; Morrissey, Patrick; Wyder, Ted K.; Sullivan, Mark; Howell, D. Andrew; Conley, Alex; Seibert, Mark; Madore, Barry F.; Neff, Susan G.; Schiminovich, David; Bianchi, Luciana; Donas, Jose; Milliard, Bruno; Heckman, Timothy M.; Lee, Young-Wook; Rich, R. Michael

    2009-01-01

    We use multi-wavelength, matched aperture, integrated photometry from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and the RC3 to estimate the physical properties of 166 nearby galaxies hosting 168 well-observed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The ultraviolet (UV) imaging of local SN Ia hosts from GALEX allows a direct comparison with higher-redshift hosts measured at optical wavelengths that correspond to the rest-frame UV. Our data corroborate well-known features that have been seen in other SN Ia samples. Specifically, hosts with active star formation produce brighter and slower SNe Ia on average, and hosts with luminosity-weighted ages older than 1 Gyr produce on average more faint, fast, and fewer bright, slow SNe Ia than younger hosts. New results include that in our sample, the faintest and fastest SNe Ia occur only in galaxies exceeding a stellar mass threshold of ∼10 10 M sun , leading us to conclude that their progenitors must arise in populations that are older and/or more metal rich than the general SN Ia population. A low host extinction subsample hints at a residual trend in peak luminosity with host age, after correcting for light-curve shape, giving the appearance that older hosts produce less-extincted SNe Ia on average. This has implications for cosmological fitting of SNe Ia, and suggests that host age could be useful as a parameter in the fitting. Converting host mass to metallicity and computing 56 Ni mass from the supernova light curves, we find that our local sample is consistent with a model that predicts a shallow trend between stellar metallicity and the 56 Ni mass that powers the explosion, but we cannot rule out the absence of a trend. We measure a correlation between 56 Ni mass and host age in the local universe that is shallower and not as significant as that seen at higher redshifts. The details of the age- 56 Ni mass correlations at low and higher redshift imply a luminosity-weighted age threshold of ∼3 Gyr

  8. O papel de Rhizoctonia spp. binucleadas na indução de resistência a mela da soja = The role of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. inducing resistance to the soybean foliar blight

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Antonio Basseto

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available O papel de Rhizoctonia spp. binucleadas (RBN, no biocontrole de doenças causadas por R. solani Kühn em várias culturas, tem sido relatado na literatura. No entanto, não há informação, no Brasil, sobre o potencial de RBN como agentes de biocontrole contradoenças causadas por Rhizoctonia na soja. A hipótese testada foi de que isolados de RBN podem induzir resistência na soja contra a mela, causada por R. solani do grupo de anastomose (AG 1 IA. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar isolados de RBN, obtidos de amendoim, feijão e soja quanto à capacidade de induzir resistência na soja contra a mela, em condições de casa de vegetação. Esta pesquisa evidencia a ação de RBN na indução de resistência em plantas de soja contra a mela. Entretanto, a manifestação e a efetividade do fenômeno de indução de resistência são dependentes da época de cultivo da soja.The role of non-pathogenic binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. (BNR onthe biocontrol of diseases caused by R. solani on many crops has been reported in the literature. However, in Brazil, there is no information about the potential of BNR as biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia diseases on soybean. On this research we tested thehypothesis that BNR can induce resistance on soybean against the foliar blight caused by R. solani anastomosis group (AG 1 IA. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate BNR isolates isolated from peanuts, snapbeans and soybean according to their ability forinducing resistance on soybean against the foliar blight disease, under greenhouse conditions. This research evidenced the role of BNR inducing resistance on soybeans against the foliar blight. However, both the occurrence and effectiveness of the phenomenon of induced resistance are dependent on the soybean cultivation season.

  9. PROMPT Ia SUPERNOVAE ARE SIGNIFICANTLY DELAYED

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raskin, Cody; Scannapieco, Evan; Rhoads, James; Della Valle, Massimo

    2009-01-01

    The time delay between the formation of a population of stars and the onset of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) sets important limits on the masses and nature of SN Ia progenitors. Here, we use a new observational technique to measure this time delay by comparing the spatial distributions of SNe Ia to their local environments. Previous work attempted such analyses encompassing the entire host of each SN Ia, yielding inconclusive results. Our approach confines the analysis only to the relevant portions of the hosts, allowing us to show that even so-called prompt SNe Ia that trace star formation on cosmic timescales exhibit a significant delay time of 200-500 million years. This implies that either the majority of Ia companion stars have main-sequence masses less than 3 M sun , or that most SNe Ia arise from double white dwarf binaries. Our results are also consistent with a SNe Ia rate that traces the white dwarf formation rate, scaled by a fixed efficiency factor.

  10. Surface-bound capsular polysaccharide of type Ia group B Streptococcus mediates C1 binding and activation of the classic complement pathway

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Levy, N.J.; Kasper, D.L.

    1986-01-01

    The role of surface-bound type Ia group B Streptococcus (GBS) capsular polysaccharide in anti-body-independent binding of C1 and activation of the classic component pathway was investigated. In a radiolabeled bacterial-polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) association assay, a measure of bacterial opsonization, preincubation of 3 H-type Ia GBS with purified F(ab') 2 to the organism blocked the association of the bacteria with PMN', and the inhibitory effect was dose dependent. The specificity of F(ab') 2 blocking was shown after adsorption of F(ab') 2 with type Ia polysaccharide-sensitized erythrocytes. Polysaccharide-adsorbed F(ab') 2 had a 70% decrease in ability to block the association of bacteria with PMN. Neuraminidase digestion removed 80% of the terminal sialic acid residues from the native polysaccharide. These neuraminidase-digested organisms had a 72% decrease in binding and transfer of purified C1 compared with non-enzyme-treated organisms. Type Ia capsular polysaccharide bound to sheep erythrocytes promoted classic complement pathway-mediated hemolysis of the cells. The role of C1 inhibitor (INH) in modulation of C1 activation by the organisms was investigated. The possibility existed that the C1 INH could be bound by the bacteria, allowing C1 activation to occur in the fluid phase. The inhibitor was purified from human serum, and its activity was measured before and after incubation with type Ia GBS. The organisms had no effect on C1 INH activity. Thus surface-bound capsular polysacchardie of type Ia GBS mediates C1 binding and classic pathway activation, and this does not involve the C1 INH

  11. Cooperação internacional e desenvolvimento: análise da atuação de agências internacionais em Duque de Caxias (Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos R. S. Milani

    Full Text Available Considerando a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento (CID como campo político cujas bases filosóficas - a crença no progresso, a esperança como tarefa política ou imperativo, o desenvolvimento como meta - alimentam relações de assimetria, hierarquia e dependência, são apresentados e discutidos, neste artigo, os resultados de uma pesquisa empírica realizada em Duque de Caxias (região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro entre setembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2012, a fim de responder a duas perguntas principais: 1 o que revelam as práticas das agências internacionais atuantes no desenvolvimento local de Duque de Caxias? 2 o que o contexto local desse município da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro ilustra acerca das tendências analisadas pela literatura mais crítica sobre o papel da cooperação para o desenvolvimento? Valendo-se de autores críticos sobre o papel político das organizações da CID - B. Cooke, W. Easterley, A. Escobar, T. Hayter, G. Rist, entre outros - e, da pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, é descrito e analisado o modo de atuação das agências internacionais, sejam elas governamentais multilaterais ou bilaterais, empresas privadas, organizações filantrópicas ou associações, na definição e implementação de estratégias de desenvolvimento em Duque de Caxias. Conclui-se que as organizações internacionais raramente atuam no plano municipal de Duque de Caxias, limitando-se a agir mais indiretamente na concepção de projetos pontuais de apoio ao desenvolvimento e exercendo seu poder de influência sobre as agendas de políticas públicas de âmbito local.

  12. Hematoma subdural após punção inadvertida da dura-máter: relato de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wallace Lage Duarte

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A cefaléia pós-punção da dura-máter é complicação bastante conhecida das anestesias subaracnóidea e peridural, e o tratamento mais difundido é o tampão sangüíneo. O tampão sangüíneo alivia totalmente a cefaléia na grande maioria dos pacientes, e nos demais não há melhora ou, apenas, melhora parcial. Nesses casos, é prudente buscar diagnósticos diferenciais, como o hematoma subdural ou pneumoencéfalo. Os métodos de imagem são extremamente úteis nessas situações. O objetivo deste relato foi apresentar o caso de um paciente que desenvolveu hematoma subdural intracraniano após punção inadvertida da dura-máter em anestesia peridural. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 47 anos, 147 kg, 1,90 m, estado físico ASA II, foi admitido para realização de dermolipectomia abdominal, após ter-se submetido à gastroplastia redutora. Durante anestesia peridural, houve perfuração acidental da dura-máter. O paciente evoluiu com sintomas de cefaléia pós-punção da dura-máter que foram tratados com tampão sangüíneo, com melhora parcial. Houve, posteriormente, piora da cefaléia, e a ressonância nuclear magnética de encéfalo mostrou hematoma subdural intracraniano, que foi tratado clinicamente. Houve melhora progressiva, com recuperação total após 30 dias. CONCLUSÕES: A ocorrência de hematoma subdural é complicação rara, mas grave da perfuração de dura-máter. O diagnóstico é difícil e deve ser sempre cogitado quando a cefaléia pós-punção da dura-máter não se resolve com o tampão sangüíneo ou piora com sua realização. No esclarecimento diagnóstico é fundamental o auxílio de um método de imagem.

  13. Contabilidade: aspectos relevantes da epopéia de sua evolução

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio de Iudícibus

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Trata o presente ensaio, como objetivo principal, de aspectos relevantes da epopéia da evolução da Contabilidade, através das várias fases históricas de seu desenvolvimento, desde o estado de simples método de escrituração baseado nas partidas dobradas até sua maturação como ciência social aplicada de forte fundo econômico. Ao longo do trabalho são analisados os vários enfoques, abordagens e teorias, bem como circunstâncias históricas e outras que possam explicar a Contabilidade enquanto ciência genuinamente social. Na interpretação mais atualizada dessa disciplina, a cientificidade contábil deve ser procurada, preferencialmente, numa série de características como, por exemplo: no entendimento e mensuração aplicados aos elementos do patrimônio; na preponderância do valor econômico em lugar de simples custos ou preços; no caráter preditivo das demonstrações contábeis; na introdução do fator risco e do conceito do valor do dinheiro no tempo nas avaliações contábeis, bem como na consideração de custos imputados e de oportunidade etc. A Contabilidade pontifica pela observação das características anteriormente vistas e pela incorporação, em seu arcabouço conceitual, da premissa da prevalência da essência sobre a forma, no campo do conhecimento social aplicado, de natureza econômico-financeira, com ramificações nas áreas de produtividade, ambiental e social e com evidentes conotações quantitativas quanto à sua mecânica patrimonial. É claro que, para efeito de pesquisa e para realçar certas dimensões, a Contabilidade pode ser estudada sob as mais variadas ênfases, como a ética, a macroeconômica, a institucional e social, a comportamental, a sistêmica e a histórica, entre outras, só que a Contabilidade é muito mais que qualquer dessas suas abordagens individualmente tomadas. No fundo, um dos objetivos deste trabalho é, também, subsidiariamente, o de ajudar a responder, pelo menos em

  14. The high-temperature modification of LuAgSn and high-pressure high-temperature experiments on DyAgSn, HoAgSn, and YbAgSn

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Heying, B.; Rodewald, U.C.; Hermes, W.; Schappacher, F.M.; Riecken, J.F.; Poettgen, R. [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Heymann, G.; Huppertz, H. [Muenchen Univ. (Germany). Dept. fuer Chemie und Biochemie; Sebastian, C.P. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Chemische Physik Fester Stoffe, Dresden (Germany)

    2008-02-15

    The high-temperature modification of LuAgSn was obtained by arc-melting an equiatomic mixture of the elements followed by quenching the melt on a water-cooled copper crucible. HT-LuAgSn crystallizes with the NdPtSb-type structure, space group P6{sub 3}mc: a = 463.5(1), c = 723.2(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0270, 151 F{sup 2}, and 11 variables. The silver and tin atoms build up two-dimensional, puckered [Ag{sub 3}Sn{sub 3}] networks (276 pm Ag-Sn) that are charge-balanced and separated by the lutetium atoms. The Ag-Sn distances between the [Ag{sub 3}Sn{sub 3}] layers of 294 pm are much longer. Single crystals of isotypic DyAgSn (a = 468.3(1), c = 734.4(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0343, 411 F{sup 2}, and 11 variables) and HoAgSn (a = 467.2(1), c = 731.7(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0318, 330 F{sup 2}, and 11 variables) were obtained from arc-melted samples. Under high-pressure (up to 12.2 GPa) and high-temperature (up to 1470 K) conditions, no transitions to a ZrNiAl-related phase have been observed for DyAgSn, HoAgSn, and YbAgSn. HT-TmAgSn shows Curie-Weiss paramagnetism with {mu}{sub eff} = 7.53(1) {mu}{sub B}/Tm atom and {theta}P = -15.0(5) K. No magnetic ordering was evident down to 3 K. HT-LuAgSn is a Pauli paramagnet. Room-temperature {sup 119}Sn Moessbauer spectra of HT-TmAgSn and HT-LuAgSn show singlet resonances with isomer shifts of 1.78(1) and 1.72(1) mm/s, respectively. (orig.)

  15. Chorea: clinical correlates of 119 cases Coréia: análise clínica de 119 casos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Fernanda Mendes

    1996-09-01

    Full Text Available Chorea is a clinical syndrome characterized by abnormal involuntary arrhythmic movements, randomly distributed in time, affecting mainly the distal parts of the limbs. There are many diseases associated with chorea but the distribution of the etiologies vary too much in different parts of the world. We intended to study the etiologies of chorea in a Movement Disorders Unit of a university hospital-based outpatient clinic in Brazil. We studied the records of 119 patients with chorea based in the diagnostic criteria of the World Federation of Neurology. Sydenham's chorea (SC was the most frequent cause of chorea (51.3% of our sample. Other common causes were Huntington's chorea (18.5% and chorea post-stroke (9.2%. SC is not commonly seen in developed countries nowadays but is not rare in Brazil. SC patients generally have the clinical manifestation of it in the first 20 years of age and girls are more affected than boys and this feature was observed in our sample. Based on our own experience and in the review of the literature we propose an etiological classification of chorea.Coréia é uma síndrome caracterizada por movimentos involuntários arrítmicos, rápidos, abruptos, não repetitivos no tempo e com distribuição variável, preferentemente distal. O número de entidades clínicas reconhecidamente associadas a movimentos coréicos tem se tornado cada vez maior com o passar do tempo. Propusemo-nos estudar a frequência e algumas características epidemiológicas das coréias atendidas em um ambulatório especializado em distúrbios do movimento. Foram estudados os prontuários de 119 pacientes com o diagnóstico sindrômico de coréia. O predomínio absoluto foi de coréia de Sydenham (CS com 51,3% do total da amostra. Outras causas frequentes foram doença de Huntington (DH presente em 18,5% e a coréia secundária a doença cerebrovascular em 9,2% dos pacientes. O sexo feminino predominou em todas as faixas etárias, mas principalmente

  16. Defining photometric peculiar type Ia supernovae

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    González-Gaitán, S.; Pignata, G.; Förster, F.; Gutiérrez, C. P.; Bufano, F.; Galbany, L.; Hamuy, M.; De Jaeger, T. [Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Casilla 36-D, Santiago (Chile); Hsiao, E. Y.; Phillips, M. M. [Carnegie Observatories, Las Campanas Observatory, Casilla 601, La Serena (Chile); Folatelli, G. [Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583 (Kavli IPMU, WPI) (Japan); Anderson, J. P., E-mail: sgonzale@das.uchile.cl [European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19, Santiago (Chile)

    2014-11-10

    We present a new photometric identification technique for SN 1991bg-like type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), i.e., objects with light curve characteristics such as later primary maxima and the absence of a secondary peak in redder filters. This method is capable of selecting this sub-group from the normal type Ia population. Furthermore, we find that recently identified peculiar sub-types such as SNe Iax and super-Chandrasekhar SNe Ia have photometric characteristics similar to 91bg-like SNe Ia, namely, the absence of secondary maxima and shoulders at longer wavelengths, and can also be classified with our technique. The similarity of these different SN Ia sub-groups perhaps suggests common physical conditions. This typing methodology permits the photometric identification of peculiar SNe Ia in large upcoming wide-field surveys either to study them further or to obtain a pure sample of normal SNe Ia for cosmological studies.

  17. Comparison of recent SnIa datasets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sanchez, J.C. Bueno; Perivolaropoulos, L.; Nesseris, S.

    2009-01-01

    We rank the six latest Type Ia supernova (SnIa) datasets (Constitution (C), Union (U), ESSENCE (Davis) (E), Gold06 (G), SNLS 1yr (S) and SDSS-II (D)) in the context of the Chevalier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization w(a) = w 0 +w 1 (1−a), according to their Figure of Merit (FoM), their consistency with the cosmological constant (ΛCDM), their consistency with standard rulers (Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO)) and their mutual consistency. We find a significant improvement of the FoM (defined as the inverse area of the 95.4% parameter contour) with the number of SnIa of these datasets ((C) highest FoM, (U), (G), (D), (E), (S) lowest FoM). Standard rulers (CMB+BAO) have a better FoM by about a factor of 3, compared to the highest FoM SnIa dataset (C). We also find that the ranking sequence based on consistency with ΛCDM is identical with the corresponding ranking based on consistency with standard rulers ((S) most consistent, (D), (C), (E), (U), (G) least consistent). The ranking sequence of the datasets however changes when we consider the consistency with an expansion history corresponding to evolving dark energy (w 0 ,w 1 ) = (−1.4,2) crossing the phantom divide line w = −1 (it is practically reversed to (G), (U), (E), (S), (D), (C)). The SALT2 and MLCS2k2 fitters are also compared and some peculiar features of the SDSS-II dataset when standardized with the MLCS2k2 fitter are pointed out. Finally, we construct a statistic to estimate the internal consistency of a collection of SnIa datasets. We find that even though there is good consistency among most samples taken from the above datasets, this consistency decreases significantly when the Gold06 (G) dataset is included in the sample

  18. thermal, electrical and structural characterization of fast ion conducting glasses (Ag Br)x(AgPO)1-x

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kartini, E.; Yufus, S.; Priyanto, T; Indayaningsih, N; Collins, M F

    2001-01-01

    Fast ion conducting glasses are of considerable technological interest because of their possible application in batteries, sensors, and displays. One of the main scientific challenges is to explain how the disordered structure of the glass is related to the high ionic conductivity that can be achieved at ambient temperature. Fast ion conducting glasses (AgBr) x (AgPO3) 1- x with x=0.0; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.7; and 0.85 were prepared by rapid quenching. The studies of structure, thermal property and electrical conductivity have been made. The X-ray diffraction patterns of this system show that the sample are glasses for x 0.5. The neutron diffraction data shows that all AgBr doped glasses exhibit a strong and relatively sharp diffraction peak at anomalously low momentum transfer value, Q∼ 0.7 Α - 1. The low Q-peak is not observed in AgPO 3 glass, and in the X-ray data. The results of electrical conductivity show that the conduction is essentially ionic and due to silver ions alone. The logarithm of the ionic conductivity increases with increasing AgBr mole fraction, and reaches maximum for x = 0.5. The thermal property results measured by differential scanning calorimetric show that the temperatures of the glass transition, the crystallization and the melt reach minimum for the glass with composition x 0.5. We conclude that there appears to be a relation between higher conductivity at ambient temperature, and the low Q-peak. Based on this investigation a better fast ion conducting glass proposed is (AgBr) 0 .5(AgPO 3 ) 0 .5 with the conductivity of 8 x 10 - 5 S/cm

  19. Growth of pentacene on Ag(1 1 1) surface: A NEXAFS study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pedio, M.; Doyle, B.; Mahne, N.; Giglia, A.; Borgatti, F.; Nannarone, S.; Henze, S.K.M.; Temirov, R.; Tautz, F.S.; Casalis, L.; Hudej, R.; Danisman, M.F.; Nickel, B.

    2007-01-01

    Thin films of pentacene (C 22 H 14 ) have become widely used in the field of organic electronics. Here films of C 22 H 14 of thickness ranging from submonolayer to multilayer were thermally deposited on Ag(1 1 1) surface. The determination of molecular geometry in pentacene films on Ag(1 1 1) studied by X-ray absorption at different stages of growth up to one monolayer is presented. XAS spectra at the C K-edge were collected as a function of the direction of the electric field at the surface. The different features of the spectra were assigned to resonances related to the various molecular unoccupied states by the comparison with the absorption coefficient of the pentacene gas phase. The transitions involving antibonding π states show a pronounced angular dependence for all the measured coverages, from submonolayer to multilayer. The spectra analysis indicates a nearly planar chemisorption of the first pentacene layer with a tilt angle of 10 o

  20. 75 FR 37292 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cherokee, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-06-29

    ...-0085; Airspace Docket No. 10-ACE-1] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cherokee, IA AGENCY: Federal... Cherokee, IA. Decommissioning of the Pilot Rock non-directional beacon (NDB) at Cherokee County Regional Airport, Cherokee, IA has made this action necessary to enhance the safety and management of Instrument...

  1. A estabilização heterodoxa no brasil: idéias e redes políticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pio Carlos

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo discute o papel das idéias e das "redes políticas" na explicação do conteúdo de políticas de estabilização no Brasil. As idéias heterodoxas dos economistas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ são apresentadas e comparadas ao conteúdo de dois programas de estabilização implementados no país: o Plano Cruzado (1986 e o Plano Real (desde 1993. Variáveis políticas são apontadas para explicar por que o segundo programa apresenta maior semelhança com as idéias originais dos economistas do que o primeiro, o que, segundo o autor, explica, em grande medida, seu maior êxito em reduzir a inflação.

  2. Growth of epitaxially oriented Ag nanoislands on air-oxidized Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) surfaces: Influence of short-range order on the substrate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roy, Anupam; Bhattacharjee, K.; Ghatak, J.; Dev, B.N.

    2012-01-01

    Clean Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) surfaces, followed by air-exposure, have been investigated by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Fourier transforms (FTs) of STM images show the presence of short-range (7 × 7) order on the air-oxidized surface. Comparison with FTs of STM images from a clean Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) surface shows that only the 1/7th order spots are present on the air-oxidized surface. The oxide layer is ∼2-3 nm thick, as revealed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Growth of Ag islands on these air-oxidized Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) surfaces has been investigated by in situ RHEED and STM and ex situ XTEM and scanning electron microscopy. Ag deposition at room temperature leads to the growth of randomly oriented Ag islands while preferred orientation evolves when Ag is deposited at higher substrate temperatures. For deposition at 550 °C face centered cubic Ag nanoislands grow with a predominant epitaxial orientation [11 ¯ 0] Ag ||[11 ¯ 0] Si , (1 1 1) Ag || (1 1 1) Si along with its twin [1 ¯ 10] Ag ||[11 ¯ 0] Si , (1 1 1) Ag || (1 1 1) Si , as observed for epitaxial growth of Ag on Si(1 1 1) surfaces. The twins are thus rotated by a 180° rotation of the Ag unit cell about the Si[1 1 1] axis. It is intriguing that Ag nanoislands follow an epitaxial relationship with the Si(1 1 1) substrate in spite of the presence of a 2-3 nm thick oxide layer between Ag and Si. Apparently the short-range order on the oxide surface influences the crystallographic orientation of the Ag nanoislands.

  3. The structure and band gap design of high Si doping level Ag1−xGa1−xSixSe2 (x=1/2)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Shiyan; Mei, Dajiang; Du, Xin; Lin, Zheshuai; Zhong, Junbo; Wu, Yuandong; Xu, Jingli

    2016-01-01

    Ag 1−x Ga 1−x Si x Se 2 solutions with high Si doping level (x=1/2) are considered and new compound AgGaSiSe 4 has been synthesized. It crystallizes in space group Aea2 and possesses very long axis of a=63.06(1)Å. The three-dimensional framework in AgGaSiSe 4 is composed of AgSe 3 trigonal planar units, AgSe 4 tetrahedra and MSe 4 (M=Si, Ga) tetrahedra. AgGaSiSe 4 is a congruently melting compound with the melt temperature of 759 °C. The diffuse reflectance measurements reveal the band gap of 2.63 eV in AgGaSiSe 4 and the value is 0.33 eV larger than that of Ag 3 Ga 3 SiSe 8 (2.30 eV). - Graphical abstract: The Ag 1−x Ga 1−x Si x Se 2 with high Si doping level (x=1/2) has been studied and the new compound AgGaSiSe 4 was synthesized for the first time. AgGaSiSe 4 crystallizes in a new structure type in space group Aea2 and adopts a three-dimensional framework consisting of AgSe 3 trigonal planar units, AgSe 4 tetrahedra and MSe 4 (M=Si, Ge) tetrahedra. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Study of Ag 1−x Ga 1−x Si x Se 2 with high Si doping level (x=1/2). • Successful synthesis of new compound named AgGaSiSe 4 . • AgGaSiSe 4 crystallizes in space group Aea2 and adopts a three-dimensional framework. • The energy band gap of AgGaSiSe 4 is enlarged compared with Ag 3 Ga 3 SiSe 8 .

  4. Ia diastolic dysfunction: an echocardiographic grade.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pandit, Anil; Mookadam, Farouk; Hakim, Fayaz A; Mulroy, Eoin; Saadiq, Rayya; Doherty, Mairead; Cha, Stephen; Seward, James; Wilansky, Susan

    2015-01-01

    To demonstrate that a distinct group of patients with Grade Ia diastolic dysfunction who do not conform to present ASE/ESE diastolic grading exists. Echocardiographic and demographic data of the Grade Ia diastolic dysfunction were extracted and compared with that of Grades I and II in 515 patients. The mean of age of the cohort was 75 ± 9 years and body mass index did not differ significantly between the 3 groups (P = 0.45). Measurements of left atrial volume index (28.58 ± 7 mL/m(2) in I, 33 ± 10 mL/m(2) in Ia, and 39 ± 12 mL/m(2) in II P Ia, and 79 ± 15 msec in II P Ia, and 217 ± 57 msec in II P Ia, and 22 ± 8 in II), and lateral E/e' (8 ± 3 in I, 15 ± 6 in Ia, and 18 ± 9 in II P Ia compared with I and II. These findings remained significant even after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, and smoking. Patients with echocardiographic characteristics of relaxation abnormality (E/A ratio of Ia group. © 2014, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  5. Diego Velázquez e os retratos de Felipe IV: A pintura Barroca e a idéia de tempo na sociedade espanhola do século XVII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susana Aparecida da Silva

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa reflete a respeito da possibilidade de se analisar a idéia de tempo na Espanha Barroca do século XVII através de cinco retratos feitos pelo pintor espanhol Diego Velázquez (1599-1660. Estes retratos são feitos após o período em que o pintor é admitido na corte de Felipe IV da Espanha (1605-1665 como pintor oficial. As fontes visuais selecionadas para esta pesquisa no sentido de possibilitar a análise da idéia de tempo são retratos do rei feitos por Diego Velázquez e representam o rei jovem e posteriormente envelhecido. Acredita-se que a idéia de tempo para Velázquez tenha estreita relação com a sociedade barroca espanhola do século XVII na qual ele está inserido. Neste sentido, as representações do poder e do envelhecimento do monarca possíveis de serem vistas nas pinturas de Velázquez contribuem para se pensar a concepção de tempo do artista e da sociedade espanhola daquele período

  6. Tratamento da síndrome da veia cava superior Treatment of superior vena cava syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luís Marcelo Inaco Cirino

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available A veia cava superior é formada pela união das duas veias inominadas, direita e esquerda, e localiza-se no mediastino médio, à direita da artéria aorta e anteriormente à traquéia. A síndrome da veia cava superior representa um conjunto de sinais (dilatação das veias do pescoço, pletora facial, edema de membros superiores, cianose e sintomas (cefaléia, dispnéia, tosse, edema de membro superior, ortopnéia e disfagia decorrentes da obstrução do fluxo sanguíneo através da veia cava superior em direção ao átrio direito. A obstrução pode ser causada por compressão extrínseca, invasão tumoral, trombose ou por dificuldade do retorno venoso ao coração secundária a doenças intra-atriais ou intraluminais. Aproximadamente 73% a 97% dos casos de síndrome da veia cava superior ocorrem durante a evolução de processos malignos intratorácicos. A maioria dos pacientes com a síndrome secundária a neoplasias malignas é tratada sem necessidade de cirurgia, através de radioterapia ou quimioterapia, ou através da colocação de stents endoluminais. Quando a síndrome é de etiologia benigna, o tratamento é feito através de medidas clínicas (anticoagulação, elevação da cabeça, etc. ou, em casos refratários, através de angioplastia, colocação de stents endoluminais e cirurgia.The superior vena cava is formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins. It is located in the middle mediastinum, to the right of the aorta and anterior to the trachea. Superior vena cava syndrome consists of a group of signs (dilation of the veins in the neck, facial swelling, edema of the upper limbs, and cyanosis and symptoms (headache, dyspnea, cough, orthopnea and dysphagia caused by the obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava to the right atrium. This obstruction can be caused by extrinsic compression, tumor invasion or thrombosis. Such obstruction may also occur as a result of insufficient venous return

  7. Photoaffinity cross-linking of a radioiodinated probe, 125I-A55453, into alpha 1-adrenergic receptors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dickinson, K.E.; Leeb-Lundberg, L.M.; Heald, S.L.; Wikberg, J.E.; DeBernardis, J.F.; Caron, M.G.; Lefkowitz, R.J.

    1984-01-01

    We have synthesized and characterized a high-affinity alpha 1-adrenergic receptor probe, 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2[4'- [5''(3'''- 125 I-iodo-4'''-aminophenyl)pentanoyl]-1'-piperazinyl] quinazoline ( 125 I-A55453). This ligand binds reversibly to rat hepatic plasma membranes with high affinity (KD . 77 +/- 6 pM), and it labels the same number of specific prazosin-competable sites as the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor-selective radioligand [ 125 I] iodo-2-[beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylaminomethyl]tetralone. Specific binding is stereoselective and competed for by alpha-adrenergic agents with an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor specificity. 125 I-A55453 can be covalently photoincorporated into peptides of rat hepatic and splenic membranes using the bifunctional photoactive cross-linker, N-succinimidyl-6- (4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate. Following photolysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of labeled hepatic membranes reveals a major specifically labeled peptide of Mr . 82,000 (+/- 1,000) with minor peptides at Mr . 50,000 (+/- 500), and 40,000 (+/- 300). Covalent incorporation of 125 I-A55453 into the Mr . 82,000 peptide is inhibited by adrenergic drugs with an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor specificity. Labeled splenic membranes demonstrate a broad band of photoincorporated radioactivity centered at Mr . 82,000, and covalent incorporation into this peptide is also attenuated with an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor specificity. This new high-affinity radioiodinated probe has features which should make it useful for the molecular characterization of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in tissues

  8. A novel strategy for the development of selective active-site inhibitors of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like proteins islet-cell antigen 512 (IA-2) and phogrin (IA-2 beta)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Drake, P.G.; Peters, Günther H.j.; Andersen, H.S.

    2003-01-01

    into highly selective and potent inhibitors of PTP1B. However. since wild-type IA-2 and IA-2beta lack conventional PTP activity, a novel strategy was designed whereby catalytically active species were generated by 'back-mutating key non-consensus catalytic region residues to those of PTP1B. These mutants were...... then used as tools with which to test the potency and selectivity of OBA and a variety of its derivatives. Catalytically competent IA-2 and IA-2beta species were generated by 'back-mutation' of only three key residues (equivalent to Tyr(46). Asp(181) and Ala(217) using the human PTP1B numbering) to those...... of PTP1B. Importantly, enzyme kinetic analyses indicated that the overall fold of both mutant and wild-type IA-2 and IA-2beta was similar to that of classic PTPs. In particular, one derivative of OBA, namely 7-(1,1-dioxo-1H-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yloxy-methyl) -2-(oxalylamino)-4,7-dihydro-5H-thieno [2,3-c...

  9. Silver segregation in Ag/a-C nanocomposite coatings for potential application as antibacterial surfaces

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manninen, Noora Kristiina Alves de Sousa

    O desenvolvimento de superficies antibacterianas representa um desafio atual em diferentes aplicacoes industriais, nomeadamente, dispositivos medicos, embalagens alimentares, texteis e sistemas de tratamento de agua. A maioria das bacterias existe em biofilmes que aderem fortemente a diferentes tipos de superficies uma vez que esta adesao representa um mecanismo estrategico de sobrevivencia. O fenomeno da adesao e colonizacao microbiana resulta na falha de diferentes dispositivos e componentes utilizados nas aplicacoes acima mencionadas, tendo como consequencia perdas economicas elevadas e representando tambem um problema de saude publica quando se tratam de aplicacoes como dispositivos medicos ou embalagens alimentares. Neste sentido, ao longo das ultimas decadas o desenvolvimento de superficies antibacterianas tem sido considerada uma estrategia emergente no desenvolvimento de materiais mais eficientes a serem aplicados em diferentes sectores. O objetivo da presente tese consiste no desenvolvimento e caracterizacao de revestimentos nanocompositos multifuncionais baseados em revestimentos de carbono amorfo dopado com nanoparticulas de prata (Ag/a-C) para potencial aplicacao em superficies antibacterianas. A Ag e atualmente considerada como o agente bactericida mais promissor e eficiente, sendo que as nanoparticulas de prata representam o material mais comercializado na area da nanotecnologia. A estrategia de modificacao superficial com revestimentos baseados em carbono amorfo (a-C) tem-se tornado popular do ponto de vista industrial essencialmente, devido entre outras propriedades, a sua resistencia ao desgaste tribologico excecional, que permite combinar uma elevada dureza com um baixo coeficiente de atrito, elevada estabilidade quimica, resistencia a corrosao e biocompatibilidade em diferentes aplicacoes biomedicas. Na atualidade os revestimentos de a-C sao utilizados em diferentes aplicacoes industriais nomeadamente dispositivos medicos, laminas de barbear e

  10. THE MULTI-EPOCH NEARBY CLUSTER SURVEY: TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE MEASUREMENT IN z {approx} 0.1 CLUSTERS AND THE LATE-TIME DELAY TIME DISTRIBUTION

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sand, David J.; Graham, Melissa L. [Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 (United States); Bildfell, Chris; Pritchet, Chris [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, STN CSC, Victoria BC V8W 3P6 (Canada); Zaritsky, Dennis; Just, Dennis W.; Herbert-Fort, Stephane [Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States); Hoekstra, Henk [Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden (Netherlands); Sivanandam, Suresh [Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4 (Canada); Foley, Ryan J. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Mahdavi, Andisheh, E-mail: dsand@lcogt.net [Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 (United States)

    2012-02-20

    We describe the Multi-Epoch Nearby Cluster Survey, designed to measure the cluster Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate in a sample of 57 X-ray selected galaxy clusters, with redshifts of 0.05 < z < 0.15. Utilizing our real-time analysis pipeline, we spectroscopically confirmed twenty-three cluster SNe Ia, four of which were intracluster events. Using our deep Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope/MegaCam imaging, we measured total stellar luminosities in each of our galaxy clusters, and we performed detailed supernova (SN) detection efficiency simulations. Bringing these ingredients together, we measure an overall cluster SN Ia rate within R{sub 200} (1 Mpc) of 0.042{sup +0.012}{sub -0.010}{sup +0.010}{sub -0.008} SNuM (0.049{sup +0.016}{sub -0.014}{sup +0.005}{sub -0.004} SNuM) and an SN Ia rate within red-sequence galaxies of 0.041{sup +0.015}{sub -0.015}{sup +0.005}{sub -0.010} SNuM (0.041{sup +0.019}{sub -0.015}{sup +0.005}{sub -0.004} SNuM). The red-sequence SN Ia rate is consistent with published rates in early-type/elliptical galaxies in the 'field'. Using our red-sequence SN Ia rate, and other cluster SN measurements in early-type galaxies up to z {approx} 1, we derive the late-time (>2 Gyr) delay time distribution (DTD) of SN Ia assuming a cluster early-type galaxy star formation epoch of z{sub f} = 3. Assuming a power-law form for the DTD, {Psi}(t){proportional_to}t{sup s} , we find s = -1.62 {+-} 0.54. This result is consistent with predictions for the double degenerate SN Ia progenitor scenario (s {approx} -1) and is also in line with recent calculations for the double detonation explosion mechanism (s {approx} -2). The most recent calculations of the single degenerate scenario DTD predicts an order-of-magnitude drop-off in SN Ia rate {approx}6-7 Gyr after stellar formation, and the observed cluster rates cannot rule this out.

  11. A Escola de Formação em Saúde da Família Visconde Sabóia: narrativas que resgatam uma história

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria José Galdino Saraiva

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: A institucionalização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS trouxe inovações no campo da formação e gestão, promovendo melhoria na qualificação dos trabalhadores. Para atender a esta demanda foram instituídas as Escolas Técnicas do SUS que se propõem a realizar esta atividade em consonância com as necessidades das instituições de saúde e da Reforma Sanitária. Objetivo: Sabendo da importância dos centros formadores, objetivou‑se descrever as narrativas presentes no cenário da Educação na Saúde acerca da Escola de Formação em Saúde da Família Visconde de Sabóia (EFSFVS. Métodos: O estudo utiliza abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório‑descritivo favorecendo a exploração da gênese da EFSFVS. A análise do estudo compreendeu o período de 2001 a 2012, palmilhando a exploração da história oral e documentos, tendo como sujeitos dez memorialistas com seus relatos oral, através de entrevistas, complementados pela análise documental. Resultados: Identificou‑se um fosso de registros sistematizados da História da Instituição possibilitando um possível esquecimento da memória carecendo de estudos que possam contribuir na uniformização e concentração das informações e a relação dialógica da EFSFVS com os segmentos que compõem o quadrilátero da Saúde. Outra evidência foi a existência de uma intensa relação entre a EFSFVS e o Controle Social, como: reuniões, participação em conferências e processos formativos tendo como público alvo os conselheiros. Conclusão: A EFSFVS teve sua criação e implantação a partir da necessidade de formação e educação permanente para os trabalhadores e desde então vem contribuindo na qualificação profissional, com algumas limitações referentes a documentações que possam relatar sua história.

  12. HEADACHE IN CHAGASIC WOMEN Cefaléia em mulheres chagásicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vitorino Modesto dos SANTOS

    1999-03-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of headache between Chagasic and Non-chagasic women. The cross-sectional study comprised 647 female ³40 years old, Chagasic (n = 362 and Controls (n = 285 at a Brazilian University Hospital. Chagasic were classified as Cardiac (n = 179, Megas (n = 58 or Indeterminate (n = 125 clinical forms. Headache was ascertained according to Headache International Society diagnostic criteria. The age (57.0 ± 11.3 versus 57.3 ± 10.4 years, and the percentage of white women (75.8% versus 77.1% were similar between Chagasic and Controls, respectively. Headache was more prevalent among Chagasic (32.9% than Controls (16.1%, mainly in Cardiac form (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.38-4.23, phenomenon possibly related to parasympathetic denervation and cerebral vessels changes.O propósito do estudo foi comparar a freqüência de cefaléia entre mulheres Chagásicas e Não-chagásicas. O estudo retrospectivo compreendeu 647 mulheres com idade ³ 40 anos, Chagásicas (n = 362 e Controles (n = 285 atendidas em um Hospital Universitário brasileiro. As Chagásicas foram classificadas nas formas clínicas: Cardíacas (n = 179, Megas (n = 58 e Indeterminada (n = 125. Cefaléia foi definida de acordo com os critérios da Headache International Society. A idade (57,0 ± 11,3 versus 57,3 ± 10,4 anos e a percentagem de mulheres de cor branca (75,8% versus 77,1% foram semelhantes entre Chagásicas e Controles, respectivamente. Cefaléia foi mais freqüente entre Chagásicas (32,9% que nas Controles (16,1%, principalmente na forma Cardíaca (odds ratio, 2,41; intervalo de confiança 1,38-4,23, fenômeno possivelmente relacionado com desnervação parassimpática e alterações vasculares cerebrais.

  13. Characterisation, degradation and regeneration of luminescent Ag29 clusters in solution

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van der Linden, Marte; Barendregt, Arjan; van Bunningen, Arnoldus J; Chin, Patrick T K; Thies-Weesie, Dominique; de Groot, Frank M F; Meijerink, A

    2016-01-01

    Luminescent Ag clusters are prepared with lipoic acid (LA) as the ligand. Using a combination of mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation, the clusters are found to be highly monodisperse with mass 5.6 kDa. We assign the chemical composition [Ag29(LA)12](3-) to the

  14. Thermochemical properties of silver tellurides including empressite (AgTe) and phase diagrams for Ag-Te and Ag-Te-O

    Science.gov (United States)

    Voronin, Mikhail V.; Osadchii, Evgeniy G.; Brichkina, Ekaterina A.

    2017-10-01

    This study compiles original experimental and literature data on the thermodynamic properties (ΔfG°, S°, ΔfH°) of silver tellurides (α-Ag2Te, β-Ag2Te, Ag1.9Te, Ag5Te3, AgTe) obtained by the method of solid-state galvanic cell with the RbAg4I5 and AgI solid electrolytes. The thermodynamic data for empressite (AgTe, pure fraction from Empress Josephine Mine, Colorado USA) have been obtained for the first time by the electrochemical experiment with the virtual reaction Ag + Te = AgTe. The Ag-Te phase diagrams in the T - x and log fTe2 (gas) - 1/ T coordinates have been refined, and the ternary Ag-Te-O diagrams with Ag-Te-TeO2 (paratellurite) composition range have been calculated.

  15. ON THE PROGENITORS OF SUPER-CHANDRASEKHAR MASS TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Wencong; Li Xiangdong

    2009-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) can be used as the standard candle to determine the cosmological distances because they are thought to have a uniform fuel amount. Recent observations of several overluminous SNe Ia suggest that the white dwarf masses at supernova explosion may significantly exceed the canonical Chandrasekhar mass limit. These massive white dwarfs may be supported by rapid differential rotation. Based on a single-degenerate model and the assumption that the white dwarf would differentially rotate when the accretion rate M-dot>3 x 10 -7 M-odot yr -1 , we have calculated the evolutions of close binaries consisting of a white dwarf and a normal companion. To include the effect of rotation, we introduce an effective mass M eff for white dwarfs. For the donor stars with two different metallicities Z = 0.02 and 0.001, we present the distribution of the initial donor star masses and the orbital periods of the progenitors of super-Chandrasekhar mass SNe Ia. The calculation results indicate that, for an initial massive white dwarf of 1.2 M sun , a considerable fraction of SNe Ia may result from super-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs, but very massive (> 1.7 M sun ) white dwarfs are difficult to form, and none of them could be found in old populations. However, super-Chandrasekhar mass SNe Ia are very rare when the initial mass of white dwarfs is 1.0 M sun . Additionally, SNe Ia in low metallicity environment are more likely to be homogeneous.

  16. REVEALING TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA PHYSICS WITH COSMIC RATES AND NUCLEAR GAMMA RAYS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Horiuchi, Shunsaku; Beacom, John F.

    2010-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) remain mysterious despite their central importance in cosmology and their rapidly increasing discovery rate. The progenitors of SNe Ia can be probed by the delay time between progenitor birth and explosion as SNe Ia. The explosions and progenitors of SNe Ia can be probed by MeV nuclear gamma rays emitted in the decays of radioactive nickel and cobalt into iron. We compare the cosmic star formation and SN Ia rates, finding that their different redshift evolution requires a large fraction of SNe Ia to have large delay times. A delay-time distribution of the form t -α with α = 1.0 ± 0.3 provides a good fit, implying that 50% of SNe Ia explode more than ∼1 Gyr after progenitor birth. The extrapolation of the cosmic SN Ia rate to z = 0 agrees with the rate we deduce from catalogs of local SNe Ia. We investigate prospects for gamma-ray telescopes to exploit the facts that escaping gamma rays directly reveal the power source of SNe Ia and uniquely provide tomography of the expanding ejecta. We find large improvements relative to earlier studies by Gehrels et al. in 1987 and Timmes and Woosley in 1997 due to larger and more certain SN Ia rates and advances in gamma-ray detectors. The proposed Advanced Compton Telescope, with a narrow-line sensitivity ∼60 times better than that of current satellites, would, on an annual basis, detect up to ∼100 SNe Ia (3σ) and provide revolutionary model discrimination for SNe Ia within 20 Mpc, with gamma-ray light curves measured with ∼10σ significance daily for ∼100 days. Even more modest improvements in detector sensitivity would open a new and invaluable astronomy with frequent SN Ia gamma-ray detections.

  17. 3'-UTR SNP rs2229611 in G6PC1 affects mRNA stability, expression and Glycogen Storage Disease type-Ia risk.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karthi, Sellamuthu; Rajeshwari, Mohan; Francis, Amirtharaj; Saravanan, Matheshwaran; Varalakshmi, Perumal; Houlden, Henry; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Ashokkumar, Balasubramaniem

    2017-08-01

    The frequency of rs2229611, previously reported in Chinese, Caucasians, Japanese and Hispanics, was investigated for the first time in Indian ethnicity. We analyzed its role in the progression of Glycogen Storage Disease type-Ia (GSD-Ia) and breast cancer. Genotype data on rs2229611 revealed that the risk of GSD-Ia was higher (P=0.0195) with CC compared to TT/TC genotypes, whereas no such correlation was observed with breast cancer cases. We observed a strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) among rs2229611 and other disease causing G6PC1 variants (|D'|=1, r 2 =1). Functional validation performed in HepG2 cells using luciferase constructs showed significant (PIa patients. The implication of this result is significant in predicting disease onset, progression and response to disease modifying treatments in patients with GSD-Ia. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. 75 FR 17637 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cherokee, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-07

    ...-0085; Airspace Docket No. 10-ACE-1] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cherokee, IA AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Cherokee, IA. Decommissioning of the Pilot Rock non... for standard instrument approach procedures at Cherokee County Regional Airport, Cherokee, IA...

  19. Eficácia e toxicidade da hidroxiuréia em crianças com anemia falciforme Effectiveness and toxicity of hydroxyurea in children with sickle cell anemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michelle C. Silva

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available A anemia falciforme é uma doença genética caracterizada pelo alto índice de morbimortalidade, considerada como a mais grave entre as doenças falciformes. As opções terapêuticas mais eficazes atualmente disponíveis para tratamento desta hemoglobinopatia são transplante de medula óssea (TMO e hidroxiuréia (HU. O TMO apesar de ser a medida curativa é considerado de alto risco por apresentar diversos graus de complicações e significativo nível de mortalidade. O uso de HU em crianças portadoras de anemia falciforme tem proporcionado redução de complicações clínicas e aumento significativo na expectativa de vida, por promover elevação dos níveis de hemoglobina fetal, da concentração de hemoglobina e do VCM, bem como redução da hemólise e de eventos vaso-oclusivos. Desse modo, a HU é considerada como melhor opção terapêutica atualmente disponível. Porém, por ser apontada como droga potencialmente carcinogênica, há questionamentos quanto aos benefícios e toxicidades quando utilizada por longo período. Este trabalho teve como proposta, avaliar por meio da revisão literária, os riscos, benefícios e efeitos adversos da hidroxiuréia em crianças.Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease characterized by a high morbimortality rate, it is considered as the most serious among all sickle cell diseases. The most effective therapeutic options available nowadays for the treatment of this hemoglobinopathy are bone morrow transplantation (BMT and hydroxyurea (HU. BMT is considered a high risk procedure due to the different complications and significant mortality rates. The use of HU for children with sickle cell anemia has reduced the clinical complications and given a significant increase in life expectancy by augmenting the fetal hemoglobin levels and hemoglobin concentrations and reducing cytomegalovirus, as well as reducing hemolysis and vaso-occlusive events. Thus, HU is considered the best therapeutic option currently

  20. TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA CARBON FOOTPRINTS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thomas, R. C.; Nugent, P.; Aldering, G.; Aragon, C.; Bailey, S.; Childress, M.; Fakhouri, H. K.; Hsiao, E. Y.; Loken, S.; Antilogus, P.; Bongard, S.; Canto, A.; Baltay, C.; Buton, C.; Kerschhaggl, M.; Kowalski, M.; Paech, K.; Chotard, N.; Copin, Y.; Gangler, E.

    2011-01-01

    We present convincing evidence of unburned carbon at photospheric velocities in new observations of five Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained by the Nearby Supernova Factory. These SNe are identified by examining 346 spectra from 124 SNe obtained before +2.5 days relative to maximum. Detections are based on the presence of relatively strong C II λ6580 absorption 'notches' in multiple spectra of each SN, aided by automated fitting with the SYNAPPS code. Four of the five SNe in question are otherwise spectroscopically unremarkable, with ions and ejection velocities typical of SNe Ia, but spectra of the fifth exhibit high-velocity (v > 20, 000 km s –1 ) Si II and Ca II features. On the other hand, the light curve properties are preferentially grouped, strongly suggesting a connection between carbon-positivity and broadband light curve/color behavior: three of the five have relatively narrow light curves but also blue colors and a fourth may be a dust-reddened member of this family. Accounting for signal to noise and phase, we estimate that 22 +10 –6% of SNe Ia exhibit spectroscopic C II signatures as late as –5 days with respect to maximum. We place these new objects in the context of previously recognized carbon-positive SNe Ia and consider reasonable scenarios seeking to explain a physical connection between light curve properties and the presence of photospheric carbon. We also examine the detailed evolution of the detected carbon signatures and the surrounding wavelength regions to shed light on the distribution of carbon in the ejecta. Our ability to reconstruct the C II λ6580 feature in detail under the assumption of purely spherical symmetry casts doubt on a 'carbon blobs' hypothesis, but does not rule out all asymmetric models. A low volume filling factor for carbon, combined with line-of-sight effects, seems unlikely to explain the scarcity of detected carbon in SNe Ia by itself.

  1. Stimulation of protective antibodies against type Ia and Ib group B streptococci by a type Ia polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine.

    OpenAIRE

    Wessels, M R; Paoletti, L C; Rodewald, A K; Michon, F; DiFabio, J; Jennings, H J; Kasper, D L

    1993-01-01

    Antisera elicited by type Ia group B streptococci (GBS) contain antibodies that react with both type Ia and type Ib strains. Previous studies suggested that antibodies elicited by type Ia organisms recognized a carbohydrate antigen or epitope common to Ia and Ib strains. We now report the synthesis and immunogenicity testing of a type Ia polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (Ia-TT) conjugate vaccine. Ia-TT elicited type Ia polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in all three of the rabbi...

  2. Estudo morfométrico e estereológico digital da mucosa do intestino delgado de crianças eutróficas e desnutridas com diarréia persistente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pires Ana L.G.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: testar a hipótese de que a mucosa do intestino delgado proximal de crianças com diarréia persistente apresenta alterações morfométricas e estereológicas proporcionais ao estado nutricional, utilizando captura de imagens através de microscópio acoplado ao computador. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal incluindo 65 pacientes pediátricos, com idade entre quatro meses e cinco anos, com diarréia de mais de 14 dias de duração, avaliados pelos escores z, divididos em eutróficos = z > 2 DP e desnutridos = z 2 DP, risco nutricional = z < -1DP e desnutridos = z < -2DP; e de maneira contínua em ordem decrescente, utilizando-se as tabelas do NCHS. Após a captura das imagens através do programa Scion Image, foram medidas a altura dos vilos, a profundidade das criptas, a espessura da mucosa, a espessura total da mucosa e a relação vilo/cripta (100 aumentos e a altura do enterócito, altura do núcleo e do bordo em escova (500 aumentos. A análise estereológica foi feita através de arcos ciclóides. RESULTADOS: para os escores z P/I, P/E e E/I, divididos em duas categorias de estado nutricional, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante quanto às medidas da altura dos vilos, profundidade das criptas, espessura da mucosa, espessura total da mucosa e relação vilo/cripta. A altura do enterócito foi a característica que apresentou maior diferença entre os grupos eutróficos e desnutridos, para os índices P/I e P/E, em 500 aumentos, sem atingir significância estatística. No entanto, para três categorias de estado nutricional, a análise morfométrica digitalizada mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante para a relação vilo/cripta entre eutróficos e desnutridos leves e entre eutróficos e desnutridos moderados e graves (p=0,048. A relação vilo/cripta foi maior nos eutróficos. Através do coeficiente de correlação linear de Spearman, a altura do enterócito, a altura do núcleo do enterócito e a do bordo

  3. THE MULTI-EPOCH NEARBY CLUSTER SURVEY: TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE MEASUREMENT IN z ∼ 0.1 CLUSTERS AND THE LATE-TIME DELAY TIME DISTRIBUTION

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sand, David J.; Graham, Melissa L.; Bildfell, Chris; Pritchet, Chris; Zaritsky, Dennis; Just, Dennis W.; Herbert-Fort, Stéphane; Hoekstra, Henk; Sivanandam, Suresh; Foley, Ryan J.; Mahdavi, Andisheh

    2012-01-01

    We describe the Multi-Epoch Nearby Cluster Survey, designed to measure the cluster Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate in a sample of 57 X-ray selected galaxy clusters, with redshifts of 0.05 200 (1 Mpc) of 0.042 +0.012 –0.010 +0.010 –0.008 SNuM (0.049 +0.016 –0.014 +0.005 –0.004 SNuM) and an SN Ia rate within red-sequence galaxies of 0.041 +0.015 –0.015 +0.005 –0.010 SNuM (0.041 +0.019 –0.015 +0.005 –0.004 SNuM). The red-sequence SN Ia rate is consistent with published rates in early-type/elliptical galaxies in the 'field'. Using our red-sequence SN Ia rate, and other cluster SN measurements in early-type galaxies up to z ∼ 1, we derive the late-time (>2 Gyr) delay time distribution (DTD) of SN Ia assuming a cluster early-type galaxy star formation epoch of z f = 3. Assuming a power-law form for the DTD, Ψ(t)∝t s , we find s = –1.62 ± 0.54. This result is consistent with predictions for the double degenerate SN Ia progenitor scenario (s ∼ –1) and is also in line with recent calculations for the double detonation explosion mechanism (s ∼ –2). The most recent calculations of the single degenerate scenario DTD predicts an order-of-magnitude drop-off in SN Ia rate ∼6-7 Gyr after stellar formation, and the observed cluster rates cannot rule this out.

  4. The 'grey' assessment practice of IA screening

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bidstrup, Morten

    2017-01-01

    Research focusing on the practices surrounding screening in Impact Assessment (IA) is limited. Yet, it has been found that development proposals sometimes are adjusted through an informal dialog with IA practitioners prior to or during screening. Such practice is often referred to as ‘grey IA......’ in Denmark. This article explores the prevalence, influence and applied rationale of grey IA. Through a questionnaire, data was collected from 121 IA practitioners working within the fields of environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment. It was found that grey IA is a common...... practice, which influences the outcomes of formal screening procedures through consideration of impacts on neighbours and spatial zones of protection. Grey IA is to some extent motivated by the opportunity to save the resources required for full-scale IA, but an additional ‘green’ rationale also exists...

  5. Caracterização da pesca artesanal no complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (1995-1996 Amateur fishery in the estuary-lagoon complex of Cananéia-Iguape, state of São Paulo, Brazil (1995-1996

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jocemar Tomasino Mendonça

    2001-05-01

    Full Text Available A pesca artesanal desenvolvida na região do Complexo Estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape, litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, é analisada quanto a embarcações, artes de pesca e produção pesqueira, com base em dados coletados no período de 1995 a 1996. A frota artesanal é pouco motorizada, composta por pequenos barcos de madeira e dividida em duas atividades: pesca nas proximidades da praia e pesca dentro do estuário. A primeira é dirigida à captura do camarão-sete-barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, camarão-branco (Litopenaeus schimitti e peixes, utilizando “bateiras” com arrasto duplo e canoas com redes de emalhar e espinhel. A segunda atividade é dirigida à captura de peixes, juvenis de camarão-rosa (Farfantepenaeus paulensis e F. brasiliensis, utilizando-se embarcações motorizadas ou a remo. Dentro do estuário as artes de pesca utilizadas são o cerco-fixo, redes de emalhar, espinhel (horizontal e vertical e gerival. A principal arte é o cerco-fixo, sendo instaladas mais de 90 armadilhas, principalmente para a pesca da tainha (Mugil platanus. No inverno o cerco-fixo captura também outras espécies, como o parati (Mugil curema, robalo (Centropomus spp., corvina (Micropogonias furnieri e carapeba (Diapterus rhombeus. A contribuição da pesca artesanal local para o total desembarcado em Cananéia foi de 32% em 1995 e 10% em 1996. As principais espécies capturadas foram: parati, camarão-sete-barbas, pescada-foguete (Macrodon ancylodon, corvina e tainha, variando a ordem ao longo dos anos. Observou-se um declínio na produção ao longo de cada ano, sendo o primeiro semestre o período de melhores desembarquesAmateur fishing gear and methods, and fishing production in the Cananéia-Iguape lagoon-estuarine complex region, southernmost coast of the state of São Paulo (25oS; 48oW, Brazil, were analyzed during 1995 and 1996. Consisting mainly of small wooden boats, only a small part of the amateur fishing fleet

  6. MEASURING EJECTA VELOCITY IMPROVES TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA DISTANCES

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Foley, Ryan J.; Kasen, Daniel

    2011-01-01

    We use a sample of 121 spectroscopically normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to show that their intrinsic color is correlated with their ejecta velocity, as measured from the blueshift of the Si II λ6355 feature near maximum brightness, v SiII . The SN Ia sample was originally used by Wang et al. to show that the relationship between color excess and peak magnitude, which in the absence of intrinsic color differences describes a reddening law, was different for two subsamples split by v SiII (defined as 'Normal' and 'High Velocity'). We verify this result, but find that the two subsamples have the same reddening law when extremely reddened events (E(B - V)>0.35 mag) are excluded. We also show that (1) the High-Velocity subsample is offset by ∼0.06 mag to the red from the Normal subsample in the (B max - V max )-M V plane, (2) the B max - V max cumulative distribution functions of the two subsamples have nearly identical shapes, but the High-Velocity subsample is offset by ∼0.07 mag to the red in B max - V max , and (3) the bluest High-Velocity SNe Ia are ∼0.10 mag redder than the bluest Normal SNe Ia. Together, this evidence indicates a difference in intrinsic color for the subsamples. Accounting for this intrinsic color difference reduces the scatter in Hubble residuals from 0.190 mag to 0.130 mag for SNe Ia with A V ∼ V found in large SN Ia samples. We explain the correlation between ejecta velocity and color as increased line blanketing in the High-Velocity SNe Ia, causing them to become redder. We discuss some implications of this result, and stress the importance of spectroscopy for future SN Ia cosmology surveys, with particular focus on the design of WFIRST.

  7. CIRCUMSTELLAR SHELLS IN ABSORPTION IN TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Borkowski, Kazimierz J.; Blondin, John M.; Reynolds, Stephen P.

    2009-01-01

    Progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe) have been predicted to modify their ambient circumstellar (CSM) and interstellar environments through the action of their powerful winds. While there is X-ray and optical evidence for circumstellar interaction in several remnants of Type Ia SNe, widespread evidence for such interaction in Type Ia SNe themselves has been lacking. We consider prospects for the detection of CSM shells that have been predicted to be common around Type Ia SNe. Such shells are most easily detected in Na I absorption lines. Variable (declining) absorption is expected to occur soon after the explosion, primarily during the SN rise time, for shells located within ∼1-10 pc of a SN. The distance of the shell from the SN can be determined by measuring the timescale for line variability.

  8. RATES AND DELAY TIMES OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ruiter, Ashley J.; Belczynski, Krzysztof; Fryer, Chris

    2009-01-01

    We analyze the evolution of binary stars to calculate synthetic rates and delay times of the most promising Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) progenitors. We present and discuss evolutionary scenarios in which a white dwarf (WD) reaches the Chandrasekhar mass and potentially explodes in a SNe Ia. We consider Double Degenerate (DDS; merger of two WDs), Single Degenerate (SDS; WD accreting from H-rich companion), and AM Canum Venaticorum (AM CVn; WD accreting from He-rich companion) scenarios. The results are presented for two different star formation histories: burst (elliptical-like galaxies) and continuous (spiral-like galaxies). It is found that delay times for the DDS in our standard model (with common envelope efficiency α CE = 1) follow a power-law distribution. For the SDS we note a wide range of delay times, while AM CVn progenitors produce a short burst of SNe Ia at early times. The DDS median delay time falls between ∼0.5 and 1 Gyr; the SDS between ∼2 and 3 Gyr; and the AM CVn between ∼0.8 and 0.6 Gyr depending on the assumed α CE . For a Milky-Way-like (MW-like) galaxy, we estimate the rates of SNe Ia arising from different progenitors as: ∼10 -4 yr -1 for the SDS and AM CVn, and ∼10 -3 yr -1 for the DDS. We point out that only the rates for two merging carbon-oxygen WDs, the only systems found in the DDS, are consistent with the observed rates for typical MW-like spirals. We also note that DDS progenitors are the dominant population in elliptical galaxies. The fact that the delay time distribution for the DDS follows a power law implies more SNe Ia (per unit mass) in young rather than in aged populations. Our results do not exclude other scenarios, but strongly indicate that the DDS is the dominant channel generating SNe Ia in spiral galaxies, at least in the framework of our adopted evolutionary models. Since it is believed that WD mergers cannot produce a thermonuclear explosion given the current understanding of accreting WDs, either the

  9. Mapping of epitopes for autoantibodies to the Type 1 diabetes autoantigen IA-2 by peptide phage display and molecular modelling: Overlap of antibody and T-cell determinants

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    A. Dromey, James; Weenink, Sarah M.; Peters, Günther H.J.

    2004-01-01

    IA-2 is a major target of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. IA-2 responsive T cells recognize determinants within regions represented by amino acids 787–817 and 841–869 of the molecule. Epitopes for IA-2 autoantibodies are largely conformational and not well defined. In this study, we used peptide......, and aromatic residues and amino acids contributing to the epitope investigated using site-directed mutagenesis. Mutation of each of amino acids Asn858, Glu836, and Trp799 reduced 96/3 Ab binding by >45%. Mutations of these residues also inhibited binding of serum autoantibodies from IA-2 Ab-positive type 1...... phage display and homology modeling to characterize the epitope of a monoclonal IA-2 Ab (96/3) from a human type 1 diabetic patient. This Ab competes for IA-2 binding with Abs from the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes and therefore binds a region close to common autoantibody epitopes. Alignment...

  10. Perspectivas a um manejo sustentável subsidiado pela ecologia humana : o caso da captura do caranguejo-uçá, Ucides cordatus no município de Cananéia - SP - Brasil.

    OpenAIRE

    Mayra Jankowsky

    2007-01-01

    O manejo sustentável deve ser o principal objetivo de qualquer proposta para regulamentação e uso dos recursos naturais. Utilizando os conceitos de ecodesenvolvimento e desenvolvimento viável, este estudo buscou avaliar a sustentabilidade da pesca do caranguejo-uçá, Ucides cordatus, no município de Cananéia, sul do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil; e a possibilidades de seu manejo. Para tanto, utilizaram-se entrevistas abertas, questionários semi-estruturados, observação direta, ...

  11. SINGLE-DEGENERATE TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE ARE PREFERENTIALLY OVERLUMINOUS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fisher, Robert; Jumper, Kevin

    2015-01-01

    Recent observational and theoretical progress has favored merging and helium-accreting sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs (WDs) in the double-degenerate and the double-detonation channels, respectively, as the most promising progenitors of normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Thus the fate of rapidly accreting Chandrasekhar mass WDs in the single-degenerate channel remains more mysterious then ever. In this paper, we clarify the nature of ignition in Chandrasekhar-mass single-degenerate SNe Ia by analytically deriving the existence of a characteristic length scale which establishes a transition from central ignitions to buoyancy-driven ignitions. Using this criterion, combined with data from three-dimensional simulations of convection and ignition, we demonstrate that the overwhelming majority of ignition events within Chandrasekhar-mass WDs in the single-degenerate channel are buoyancy-driven, and consequently lack a vigorous deflagration phase. We thus infer that single-degenerate SNe Ia are generally expected to lead to overluminous 1991T-like SNe Ia events. We establish that the rates predicted from both the population of supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) and binary population synthesis models of the single-degenerate channel are broadly consistent with the observed rates of overluminous SNe Ia, and suggest that the population of SSSs are the dominant stellar progenitors of SNe 1991T-like events. We further demonstrate that the single-degenerate channel contribution to the normal and failed 2002cx-like rates is not likely to exceed 1% of the total SNe Ia rate. We conclude with a range of observational tests of overluminous SNe Ia which will either support or strongly constrain the single-degenerate scenario

  12. File list: His.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available His.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 Histone Pancreas PANC-1 SRX825369,SRX101484,SRX101485,...SRX825383,SRX152077,SRX190044,SRX825376,SRX825390 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/His.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  13. File list: His.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available His.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 Histone Pancreas PANC-1 SRX825369,SRX101484,SRX101485,...SRX152077,SRX825383,SRX825376,SRX190044,SRX825390 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/His.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  14. File list: His.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  15. File list: His.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available His.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 Histone Pancreas PANC-1 SRX825369,SRX101484,SRX825383,...SRX152077,SRX190044,SRX825390,SRX825376,SRX101485 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/His.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  16. Detección de daños en estructuras: estudio comparativo entre los algoritmos de optimización AGs y PSO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robinson Barrera

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se comparan las técnicas de optimización de enjambre de partículas, PSO (de sus siglas en inglés, Particle Swarm Optimization y Algoritmos Genéticos (AG, ambas usadas en la implementación de un sistema para detectar y diagnosticar fallas en una estructura usando la respuesta modal. Diferentes episodios de daños (daño simple y daño múltiple con y sin ruido, permiten simular las condiciones reales en una estructura tipo viga y armadura para determinar el desempeño en la detección y diagnóstico de los sistemas propuestos. Adicionalmente, ambos sistemas propuestos se evalúan variando los volúmenes de información, es decir, el número de modos de vibración. La respuesta dinámica de la estructura en condición normal o de falla se obtiene usando la herramienta de uso libre OPENSEES® y los algoritmos de optimización PSO y AGs se implementan en ambiente Matlab®. La comparación de desempeño de las dos técnicas en cuanto a sus capacidades de detección y diagnóstico se realizan en una viga segmentada en 10 partes y simplemente apoyada y una armadura de 13 elementos. Resultados experimentales mostraron la eficacia y robustez de los sistemas propuestos en la determinación del estado del sistema en diversos ambientes de ruido y con diferentes volúmenes de información. Sin embargo su desempeño varía según el sistema monitoreado y la función objetivo utilizada

  17. Viabilidade de inserção competitiva do setor de jóias de Pernambuco no comércio exterior

    OpenAIRE

    ANDRADE, Josefa Batista de Oliveira

    2006-01-01

    O presente trabalho teve por objetivo principal a análise da estrutura produtiva do setor de jóias de Pernambuco e a possibilidade de sua inserção no comércio exterior. O trabalho envolveu dados secundários e dados primários colhidos no âmbito da pesquisa com a finalidade de identificar e avaliar os determinantes da produtividade no setor e quais as ações específicas que podem contribuir para ampliar as vantagens competitivas existentes e dinamizar as vantagens competitiv...

  18. File list: ALL.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 All antigens Pancreas PANC-1 SRX825369,SRX101484,SRX19...29,SRX190252,SRX825390,SRX644404,SRX825376,SRX101485 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/ALL.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  19. File list: ALL.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  20. File list: ALL.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 All antigens Pancreas PANC-1 SRX825369,SRX101484,SRX19...44,SRX190248,SRX199860,SRX190029,SRX825376,SRX825390 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/ALL.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  1. Characterization of Bacteriocin like inhibitory substance produced by a new Strain Brevibacillus borstelensis AG1 Isolated from 'Marcha'.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, Nivedita; Gupta, Anupama; Gautam, Neha

    2014-01-01

    In the present study, a bacterium isolated from Marcha- a herbal cake used as traditional starter culture to ferment local wine in North East India, was evaluated for bacteriocin like inhibitory substance production and was tested against six food borne/spoilage causing pathogens viz. Listeria monocytogenes MTCC 839, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121, Clostridium perfringens MTCC 450, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides MTCC 107 by using bit/disc method followed by well diffusion method. The bacterial isolate was identified as Brevibacillus borstelensis on the basis of phenotypic, biochemical and molecular characteristics using 16Sr RNA gene technique. Bacteriocin like inhibitory substance produced by Brevibacillus borstelensis AG1 was purified by gel exclusion chromatography. The molecular mass of the Brevibacillus borstelensis AG1 was found to be 12 kDa. Purified bacteriocin like inhibitory substance of Brevibacillus borstelensis was further characterized by studying the effect of temperature, pH, proteolytic enzyme and stability. Bacteriocin like inhibitory substance was found to be thermostable upto 100 °C, active at neutral pH, sensitive to trypsin, and partially stable till third week of storage thus showing a bright prospective to be used as a potential food biopreservative.

  2. IAS 39 og konverterbar gæld

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fredslund Møller, Peder; Thinggaard, Frank

    , at der er en betydelig beholdning af konverterbare realkreditlån, som der skal aflægges regnskab for. Denne artikel har til formål at belyse de alternativer, der findes i IAS39 til regnskabsmæssig behandling af konverterbar gæld. I juli 2008 kom der en tilføjelse til IAS 39, "Eligible Hedged Items". Den......: 1. dagsværdimetode, hvor "hele det konverterbare lån", dvs. både den "rene gæld" og den indbyggede indfrielsesoption, der iflg. IAS 39 udgør de to komponenter i et konverterbart lån, føres til dagsværdi, 2. udskillelsesmetode, hvor der anvendes amortiseret kostpris for den "rene gæld" og dagsværdi...

  3. Trivial topological phase of CaAgP and the topological nodal-line transition in CaAg (P1 -xA sx)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, N.; Qian, Y. T.; Wu, Q. S.; Autès, G.; Matt, C. E.; Lv, B. Q.; Yao, M. Y.; Strocov, V. N.; Pomjakushina, E.; Conder, K.; Plumb, N. C.; Radovic, M.; Yazyev, O. V.; Qian, T.; Ding, H.; Mesot, J.; Shi, M.

    2018-04-01

    By performing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we address the topological phase of CaAgP and investigate the topological phase transition in CaAg (P1 -xA sx) . We reveal that in CaAgP, the bulk band gap and surface states with a large bandwidth are topologically trivial, in agreement with hybrid density functional theory calculations. The calculations also indicate that application of "negative" hydrostatic pressure can transform trivial semiconducting CaAgP into an ideal topological nodal-line semimetal phase. The topological transition can be realized by partial isovalent P/As substitution at x =0.38 .

  4. THE AGES OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA PROGENITORS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brandt, Timothy D.; Aubourg, Eric; Strauss, Michael A.; Tojeiro, Rita; Heavens, Alan; Jimenez, Raul

    2010-01-01

    Using light curves and host galaxy spectra of 101 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with redshift z ∼ 2.4 Gyr. We find that each channel contributes roughly half of the Type Ia rate in our reference sample. We also construct the average spectra of high-stretch and low-stretch SN Ia host galaxies, and find that the difference of these spectra looks like a main-sequence B star with nebular emission lines indicative of star formation. This supports our finding that there are two populations of SNe Ia, and indicates that the progenitors of high-stretch supernovae are at the least associated with very recent star formation in the last few tens of Myr. Our results provide valuable constraints for models of Type Ia progenitors and may help improve the calibration of SNe Ia as standard candles.

  5. PGC-1α expression in murine AgRP neurons regulates food intake and energy balance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jonathan F. Gill

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Objective: Food intake and whole-body energy homeostasis are controlled by agouti-related protein (AgRP and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC neurons located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Key energy sensors, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK or sirtuin 1 (SIRT1, are essential in AgRP and POMC cells to ensure proper energy balance. In peripheral tissues, the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α closely associates with these sensors to regulate cellular metabolism. The role of PGC-1α in the ARC nucleus, however, remains unknown. Methods: Using AgRP and POMC neurons specific knockout (KO mouse models we studied the consequences of PGC-1α deletion on metabolic parameters during fed and fasted states and on ghrelin and leptin responses. We also took advantage of an immortalized AgRP cell line to assess the impact of PGC-1α modulation on fasting induced AgRP expression. Results: PGC-1α is dispensable for POMC functions in both fed and fasted states. In stark contrast, mice carrying a specific deletion of PGC-1α in AgRP neurons display increased adiposity concomitant with significantly lower body temperature and RER values during nighttime. In addition, the absence of PGC-1α in AgRP neurons reduces food intake in the fed and fasted states and alters the response to leptin. Finally, both in vivo and in an immortalized AgRP cell line, PGC-1α modulates AgRP expression induction upon fasting. Conclusions: Collectively, our results highlight a role for PGC-1α in the regulation of AgRP neuronal functions in the control of food intake and peripheral metabolism. Author Video: Author Video Watch what authors say about their articles Keywords: PGC-1α, Agouti-related protein, Metabolism, Energy homeostasis, Pro-opiomelanocortin, Transcriptional regulation

  6. Correlação entre cefaléia e disfunção temporomandibular Correlation between headache and temporomandibular joint dysfunction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Sampaio Menezes

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available A relação entre disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM e os diferentes tipos de cefaléias ainda não está bem compreendida, mas a dor de cabeça é provavelmente o sintoma mais comum da DTM. O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar cefaléia com o índice clínico de Fonseca de avaliação da DTM. Participaram 160 voluntários estudantes da Universidade Nove de Julho na faixa dos 18 aos 36 anos, sendo 80 mulheres e 80 homens. Foram aplicados dois questionários: o índice clínico de Fonseca e um questionário sobre cefaléia. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e o nível de significância fixado em pThe relationship between temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD and different kinds of headaches is still not well understood, though headache is probably the most common symptom of TMD. The aim of this study was to correlate headache with Fonseca's TMD clinical index. A total of 160 university students aged 18 to 36 years old were selected, half women, half men. Two questionnaires were applied to them: the Fonseca clinical questionnaire and one on headache. Data were statistically analysed and significance level set at p<0.05. Results showed a higher prevalence of TMD among female individuals with headache, but a direct relationship between headache and degree of temporomandibular joint dysfunction could not be found.

  7. IMPROVED DISTANCES TO TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE WITH TWO SPECTROSCOPIC SUBCLASSES

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, X.; Filippenko, A. V.; Ganeshalingam, M.; Li, W.; Silverman, J. M.; Chornock, R.; Foley, R. J.; Macomber, B.; Serduke, F. J. D.; Steele, T. N.; Wong, D. S.; Wang, L.; Gates, E. L.

    2009-01-01

    We study the observables of 158 relatively normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) by dividing them into two groups in terms of the expansion velocity inferred from the absorption minimum of the Si II λ6355 line in their spectra near B-band maximum brightness. One group ('Normal') consists of normal SNe Ia populating a narrow strip in the Si II velocity distribution, with an average expansion velocity (v) = 10, 600 ± 400 km s -1 near B maximum; the other group ('HV') consists of objects with higher velocities, v ∼> 11, 800 km s -1 . Compared with the Normal group, the HV one shows a narrower distribution in both the peak luminosity and the luminosity decline rate Δm 15 . In particular, their B-V colors at maximum brightness are found to be on average redder by ∼ 0.1 mag, suggesting that they either are associated with dusty environments or have intrinsically red B-V colors. The HV SNe Ia are also found to prefer a lower extinction ratio R V ∼ 1.6 (versus ∼ 2.4 for the Normal ones). Applying such an absorption-correction dichotomy to SNe Ia of these two groups remarkably reduces the dispersion in their peak luminosity from 0.178 mag to only 0.125 mag.

  8. THE RISE TIME OF NORMAL AND SUBLUMINOUS TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.; Perrett, K.; Carlberg, R. [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. george Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4 (Canada); Conley, A. [Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, 593 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0593 (United States); Bianco, F. B.; Howell, D. A.; Graham, M. L. [Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Broida Hall, Mail Code 9530, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530 (United States); Sullivan, M.; Hook, I. M. [Department of Physics (Astrophysics), University of Oxford, DWB, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH (United Kingdom); Astier, P.; Balland, C.; Fourmanoit, N.; Guy, J.; Hardin, D.; Pain, R. [LPNHE, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Universite Paris Diderot Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 (France); Balam, D. [Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7 (Canada); Basa, S. [Laboratoire d' Astrophysique de Marseille, Pole de l' Etoile Site de Chateau-Gombert, 38, rue Frederic Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille cedex 13 (France); Fouchez, D. [CPPM, CNRS-IN2P3 and University Aix Marseille II, Case 907, 13288 Marseille cedex 9 (France); Lidman, C. [Australian Astronomical Observatory, P.O. Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710 (Australia); Palanque-Delabrouille, N., E-mail: gonzalez@astro.utoronto.ca [DSM/IRFU/SPP, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); and others

    2012-01-20

    We calculate the average stretch-corrected rise time of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the Supernova Legacy Survey. We use the aggregate light curves of spectroscopic and photometrically identified SNe Ia to fit the rising part of the light curve with a simple quadratic model. We obtain a light curve shape corrected, i.e., stretch-corrected, fiducial rise time of 17.02{sup +0.18}{sub -0.28} (stat) days. The measured rise time differs from an earlier finding by the SNLS (Conley et al.) due to the use of different SN Ia templates. We compare it to nearby samples using the same methods and find no evolution in the early part of the light curve of SNe Ia up to z = 1. We search for variations among different populations, particularly subluminous objects, by dividing the sample in stretch. Bright and slow decliners (s > 1.0) have consistent stretch-corrected rise times compared to fainter and faster decliners (0.8 < s {<=} 1.0); they are shorter by 0.57{sup +0.47}{sub -0.50} (stat) days. Subluminous SNe Ia (here defined as objects with s {<=} 0.8), although less constrained, are also consistent, with a rise time of 18.03{sup +0.81}{sub -1.37} (stat) days. We study several systematic biases and find that the use of different fiducial templates may affect the average rise time but not the intrinsic differences between populations. Based on our results, we estimate that subluminous SNe Ia are powered by 0.05-0.35 M{sub Sun} of {sup 56}Ni synthesized in the explosion. Our conclusions are the same for the single-stretch and two-stretch parameterizations of the light curve.

  9. Perspectivas históricas da influência da mediunidade na construção de idéias psicológicas e psiquiátricas Historical perspectives of the influence of mediumship on the construction of psychological and psychiatric ideas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos S. Alvarado

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available CONTEXTO: A psicologia e a psiquiatria têm sido, ao longo do tempo, influenciadas pelos fenômenos estudados pelos pesquisadores dessas áreas. Diversas idéias sobre a mente e suas patologias foram desenvolvidas no contexto dos estudos de histeria, de dupla e de múltipla personalidades e dos fenômenos hipnóticos. OBJETIVOS: Neste estudo, propomos que a mediunidade tenha influenciado tanto a psicologia quanto a psiquiatria de diferentes modos. Os fenômenos mediúnicos, tais como os transes e as mensagens verbais ou escritas atribuídos a espíritos de mortos, contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de vários importantes conceitos durante o século XIX e daí por diante. MÉTODOS: Revisamos a literatura histórica da psiquiatria e da psicologia relacionada à mediunidade para identificar discussões sobre a mediunidade. RESULTADOS: A mediunidade foi usada para defender ampla variedade de idéias sobre a mente subconsciente por pesquisadores como William B. Carpenter, Frederic W. H. Myers e Joseph Grasset. Tanto Pierre Janet quanto Théodore Flournoy se serviram da mediunidade para ilustrar formas de dissociação. Da mesma forma, a psicopatologia foi relacionada de diferentes modos à prática mediúnica, como foi discutido por Jean-Martin Charcot, Pierre Janet e Gilbert Ballet. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de a mediunidade ser apenas um dos fatores que afetou a construção de conceitos como o de subconsciente, dissociação e psicopatologia, é necessário que sua influência seja mais reconhecida do que o é atualmente na historiografia da psicologia e da psiquiatria.BACKGROUND: Psychology and psychiatry have long been influenced by the phenomena their practitioners study. A variety of ideas about the mind and its pathology were developed in the context of studies of hysteria, double and multiple personality and hypnotic phenomena. OBJECTIVES: In this study we argue that mediumship influenced both psychology and psychiatry in different ways. The

  10. Células-tronco: pesquisa básica em saúde, da ética à panacéia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Naara Luna

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available As terapias com células-tronco estão em fase experimental, mas têm sido representadas na mídia como panacéia que propiciaria a cura de diversas doenças, fato que garantiu a autorização do uso de embriões humanos para pesquisa. As terapias compreendem manipulação de material corporal na bioengenharia de construção de tecidos, o que sugere a representação do corpo humano como fábrica. Este trabalho mapeia os projetos de pesquisa com células-tronco no centro de ciências da saúde de uma instituição de ensino superior, considerando a organização do campo e o sistema de valores subjacente à atividade científica. Analisa-se o discurso de participantes dos projetos, pesquisadores de diversos níveis entrevistados acerca das perspectivas dessas investigações e suas implicações. Constata-se a aprovação dos protocolos com células-tronco adultas e polêmica quanto ao uso de embriões humanos. Buscam-se os fundamentos dessa argumentação e a relação com a organização do campo científico e a formação religiosa dos entrevistados.

  11. ESTUDO DA VIABILIDADE DA APLICAÇÃO DE TÉCNICAS DE GERENCIA DO CONHECIMENTO NA EDUCAÇÃO TECNOLOGICA

    OpenAIRE

    Lins, Hertz Wilton; Sival, Cláudio Rodrigues Muniz da

    2010-01-01

    Este trabalho tem o objetivo de examinar conceitos e aspectos da Gerência do Conhecimento (GC) que possam contribuir no desenvolvimento de ferramentas mais adaptadas para os desafios atuais da Educação tecnológica (ET). A Gerência do Conhecimento pode ser vista, essencialmente, como uma disciplina que fornece subsídios para o projeto de processos que, ao longo de seus ciclos de vida, se beneficiam da extração formal automática do conhecimento utilizado nos mesmos. A idéia principal é a utili...

  12. Low-z Type Ia Supernova Calibration

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamuy, Mario

    The discovery of acceleration and dark energy in 1998 arguably constitutes one of the most revolutionary discoveries in astrophysics in recent years. This paradigm shift was possible thanks to one of the most traditional cosmological tests: the redshift-distance relation between galaxies. This discovery was based on a differential measurement of the expansion rate of the universe: the current one provided by nearby (low-z) type Ia supernovae and the one in the past measured from distant (high-z) supernovae. This paper focuses on the first part of this journey: the calibration of the type Ia supernova luminosities and the local expansion rate of the universe, which was made possible thanks to the introduction of digital CCD (charge-coupled device) digital photometry. The new technology permitted us in the early 1990s to convert supernovae as precise tools to measure extragalactic distances through two key surveys: (1) the "Tololo Supernova Program" which made possible the critical discovery of the "peak luminosity-decline rate" relation for type Ia supernovae, the key underlying idea today behind precise cosmology from supernovae, and (2) the Calán/Tololo project which provided the low - z type Ia supernova sample for the discovery of acceleration.

  13. Atomic and electronic structures of the (√(13)×√(13))R13.9° of silicene sheet on Ag(1 1 1)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tchalala, Mohamed Rachid [Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO-CNRS, Bât. 210, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay (France); Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination et Catalyse, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences-Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40001 (Morocco); Enriquez, Hanna [Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO-CNRS, Bât. 210, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay (France); Yildirim, Handan; Kara, Abdelkader [Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 (United States); Mayne, Andrew J.; Dujardin, Gérald [Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO-CNRS, Bât. 210, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay (France); Ali, Mustapha Ait [Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination et Catalyse, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences-Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40001 (Morocco); Oughaddou, Hamid, E-mail: Hamid.Oughaddou@u-psud.fr [Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO-CNRS, Bât. 210, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay (France); Département de Physique, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, F-95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex (France)

    2014-06-01

    Using scanning tunneling microscopy, low energy electron diffraction measurements, and ab initio calculations based on density functional theory, we present atomic models of the (√(13)×√(13))R13.9° silicene superstructure grown on Ag(1 1 1). The STM images reveal two co-existing atomic arrangements with two different orientations of the silicene sheet relative to the Ag(1 1 1) surface. DFT calculations with and without the inclusion of van der Waals interactions show corrugated Si atomic positions for both orientations implying a significant interaction with Ag(1 1 1) surface. The electronic structure of both silicene and Ag(1 1 1) surface are sufficiently affected that new interface states emerge close to the Fermi level.

  14. File list: Oth.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 TFs and others Pancreas PANC-1 SRX100415,SRX190241,SRX...100942,SRX644410,SRX825399,SRX1026679,SRX1026680,SRX1026681,SRX1026678,SRX190248,SRX190315 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Oth.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  15. File list: Oth.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 TFs and others Pancreas PANC-1 SRX100415,SRX825399,SRX...1026679,SRX1026680,SRX1026681,SRX1026678,SRX190315,SRX190248,SRX190241,SRX100942,SRX644410 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Oth.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  16. File list: Oth.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 TFs and others Pancreas PANC-1 SRX100942,SRX100415,SRX...190241,SRX190248,SRX190315,SRX644410,SRX825399,SRX1026680,SRX1026679,SRX1026678,SRX1026681 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Oth.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  17. File list: Oth.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 TFs and others Pancreas PANC-1 SRX100942,SRX100415,SRX...190241,SRX644410,SRX825399,SRX190315,SRX1026680,SRX1026679,SRX1026681,SRX1026678,SRX190248 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Oth.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  18. Code on nuclear air and gas treatment ASME/ANSI AG-1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Miller, W.H. Jr.

    1993-01-01

    The focus of this panel is on equipment code section work over the past two years. Major topics include changes in Filter Code Sections, revamping of the Ductwork Code Section, and emergence of an improved I ampersand C Code Section. Actual applications of AG-1 are to be discussed by CONAGT members. Remaining time will be devoted to fielding questions concerning ASMA/ANSI AG-1

  19. Autoantibodies to IA-2beta improve diabetes risk assessment in high-risk relatives

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Achenbach, P; Bonifacio, E; Williams, A J K

    2008-01-01

    -positive participants (median age 12.1 years; 57% male), 113 developed diabetes (5 year cumulative risk 56%), and 148 were also GADA-positive and IAA-positive (4Ab-positive). IA2betaA were detected in 137 (65%) ICA/IA2A-positive participants and were associated with an increased 5 year diabetes risk (IA2beta......A-positive 65 vs 39% in IA2betaA-negative, p=0.0002). The effect was most marked in 4Ab-positive relatives (72% vs 52%, p=0.003). Metabolic testing further refined risk assessment. Among 101 4Ab-positive relatives with IA2betaA, the 5 year risk was 94% in those with a low FPIR (vs 50% in those with a normal...... FPIR, p4Ab/IA2betaA-positive participants with a low FPIR was 1.5 years. Multivariate analysis confirmed IA2betaA status, antibody number, young...

  20. Eficiência da aplicação de nitrogênio no perfilhamento do arroz em três manejos de irrigação Efficiency of nitrogen application on rice tillering under water management systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramón Felipe Méndez Larrosa

    2001-10-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de três modalidades de aplicação de nitrogênio (N na cultura de arroz foi conduzido um experimento, no ano agrícola 1998/99, na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS. O delineamento experimental foi bifatorial 3 x 5 em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Nas parcelas principais, foram estabelecidas, no início do perfilhamento do arroz, três modalidades de aplicação da uréia: 1 Uréia + banho, na qual a uréia foi aplicada superficialmente e, no dia seguinte, deu-se um banho, inundando-se a área 14 dias depois; 2 Uréia + inundação, na qual a uréia foi aplicada um dia antes da inundação definitiva; e 3 Inundação + uréia, com a aplicação da uréia um dia após a inundação. Nas subparcelas, foram aplicadas quatro doses de N (0, 20, 40 e 60kg ha-1 de N e uma testemunha absoluta, sem aplicação de N durante todo o ciclo da cultura. Em todos os tratamentos que receberam N, foram aplicados 10kg ha-1 de N na semeadura e 23kg ha-1 de N no início do alongamento de entrenós. Concluiu-se que o N aplicado na etapa vegetativa até o início de alongamento de entrenós incrementa a quantidade de perfilhos e o N acumulado total. Este incremento depende das modalidades de aplicação da uréia, sendo maior nos tratamentos "uréia + banho" e "uréia + inundação", em relação à aplicação da uréia na água. O incremento das doses de nitrogênio proporciona elevação na produção de grãos enquanto as modalidades de aplicação de uréia no perfilhamento não afetam a produção de grãos, utilizando-se nitrogênio na iniciação do primórdio floral.Having the objective of evaluating the efficiency of three nitrogen aplication systems in the tillering stage of rice, there was an experiment installed in the Federal University of Santa Maria (RS, Brazil, during 1998/99 growing season. The experimental design was two-factorial 3 x 5 in complete randomized block

  1. Physics of type Ia supernovae

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoeflich, Peter

    2006-01-01

    The last decade has witnessed an explosive growth of high-quality data for thermonuclear explosions of a white dwarf star, the type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Advances in computational methods provide new insights into the physics of the phenomenon and a direct, quantitative link between observables and explosion physics. Both trends combined provided spectacular results, allowed to address, to identify specific problems and to narrow down the range of scenarios. Current topics include the relation between SNe Ia and their progenitors, the influence of the metallicities and accretion on the explosion, and details of the burning front. How can we understand the apparent homogeneity and probe for the diversity of SNe Ia? Here, we want give an overview of the current status of our understanding of supernovae physics in light of recent results

  2. IAS 41 Agriculture: Fair Value Accounting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Viorel Lefter

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available Issuing this standard that had to be applied for the first time for the financial statements started after 1.01.2003 meant a change of direction from two points of view: on one hand, through IAS 41 was issued for the first time an extensive standard typical for this sector and, on the other hand, for the first time were included in the income statement, independently from the sales transactions, incomes from variations of the fair value of an asset. Because of this last aspect, IAS 41 can be considered an important standard, because it represents the starting point of a consistent transition from the purchase cost principle towards a fair value accounting. IASC has dedicated to the thematic field of agriculture a specific standard, because this economic branch has a great importance for the developing countries. On the other hand, IAS 41 is also applied for the agricultural activities of the enterprises from other sectors.

  3. EVOLUTION IN THE VOLUMETRIC TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE FROM THE SUPERNOVA LEGACY SURVEY

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perrett, K.; Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.; Carlberg, R. [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4 (Canada); Sullivan, M.; Hook, I. M. [Department of Physics (Astrophysics), University of Oxford, DWB, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH (United Kingdom); Conley, A. [Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, 593 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0593 (United States); Fouchez, D. [CPPM, CNRS-IN2P3 and University Aix Marseille II, Case 907, 13288 Marseille cedex 9 (France); Ripoche, P. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Mail Stop 50-232, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Neill, J. D. [Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Astier, P.; Balland, C.; Guy, J.; Hardin, D.; Pain, R.; Regnault, N. [LPNHE, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Universite Paris Diderot Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris (France); Balam, D. [Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC, V9E 2E7 (Canada); Basa, S. [Laboratoire d' Astrophysique de Marseille, Pole de l' Etoile Site de Chateau-Gombert, 38, rue Frederic Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille cedex 13 (France); Howell, D. A. [Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr., Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117 (United States); Palanque-Delabrouille, N. [DSM/IRFU/SPP, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Pritchet, C., E-mail: perrett@astro.utoronto.ca, E-mail: sullivan@astro.ox.ac.uk [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6 (Canada); and others

    2012-08-15

    We present a measurement of the volumetric Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate (SNR{sub Ia}) as a function of redshift for the first four years of data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS). This analysis includes 286 spectroscopically confirmed and more than 400 additional photometrically identified SNe Ia within the redshift range 0.1 {<=} z {<=} 1.1. The volumetric SNR{sub Ia} evolution is consistent with a rise to z {approx} 1.0 that follows a power law of the form (1+z){sup {alpha}}, with {alpha} = 2.11 {+-} 0.28. This evolutionary trend in the SNLS rates is slightly shallower than that of the cosmic star formation history (SFH) over the same redshift range. We combine the SNLS rate measurements with those from other surveys that complement the SNLS redshift range, and fit various simple SN Ia delay-time distribution (DTD) models to the combined data. A simple power-law model for the DTD (i.e., {proportional_to}t{sup -{beta}}) yields values from {beta} = 0.98 {+-} 0.05 to {beta} = 1.15 {+-} 0.08 depending on the parameterization of the cosmic SFH. A two-component model, where SNR{sub Ia} is dependent on stellar mass (M{sub stellar}) and star formation rate (SFR) as SNR{sub Ia}(z) = A Multiplication-Sign M{sub stellar}(z) + B Multiplication-Sign SFR(z), yields the coefficients A = (1.9 {+-} 0.1) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -14} SNe yr{sup -1} M{sup -1}{sub Sun} and B = (3.3 {+-} 0.2) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -4} SNe yr{sup -1} (M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1}){sup -1}. More general two-component models also fit the data well, but single Gaussian or exponential DTDs provide significantly poorer matches. Finally, we split the SNLS sample into two populations by the light-curve width (stretch), and show that the general behavior in the rates of faster-declining SNe Ia (0.8 {<=} s < 1.0) is similar, within our measurement errors, to that of the slower objects (1.0 {<=} s < 1.3) out to z {approx} 0.8.

  4. SHOCK BREAKOUT FROM TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Piro, Anthony L.; Chang, Philip; Weinberg, Nevin N.

    2010-01-01

    The mode of explosive burning in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) remains an outstanding problem. It is generally thought to begin as a subsonic deflagration, but this may transition into a supersonic detonation (the delayed detonation transition, DDT). We argue that this transition leads to a breakout shock, which would provide the first unambiguous evidence that DDTs occur. Its main features are a hard X-ray flash (∼20 keV) lasting ∼10 -2 s with a total radiated energy of ∼10 40 erg, followed by a cooling tail. This creates a distinct feature in the visual light curve, which is separate from the nickel decay. This cooling tail has a maximum absolute visual magnitude of M V ∼ -9 to -10 at ∼1 day, which depends most sensitively on the white dwarf radius at the time of the DDT. As the thermal diffusion wave moves in, the composition of these surface layers may be imprinted as spectral features, which would help to discern between SN Ia progenitor models. Since this feature should accompany every SNe Ia, future deep surveys (e.g., m = 24) will see it out to a distance of ∼80 Mpc, giving a maximum rate of ∼60 yr -1 . Archival data sets can also be used to study the early rise dictated by the shock heating (at ∼20 days before maximum B-band light). A similar and slightly brighter event may also accompany core bounce during the accretion-induced collapse to a neutron star, but with a lower occurrence rate.

  5. Proteomic Investigation of Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 Identifies Secretome and Mycelial Proteins with roles in Plant Cell Wall Degradation and Virulence

    KAUST Repository

    Lakshman, Dilip; Roberts, Daniel P.; Garrett, Wesley M.; Natarajan, Savithiry S.; Darwish, Omar; Alkharouf, Nadim; Pain, Arnab; Khan, Farooq; Jambhulkar, Prashant P.; Mitra, Amitava

    2016-01-01

    Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 is a soilborne necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen that causes economically important diseases on agronomic crops worldwide. Here we used a proteomics approach to characterize both intracellular proteins and the secretome of R. solani AG 4 isolate Rs23A under several growth conditions; the secretome being highly important in pathogenesis. From over 500 total secretome and soluble intracellular protein spots from 2-D gels, 457 protein spots were analyzed and 318 proteins positively matched with fungal proteins of known function by comparison with available R. solani genome databases specific for anastomosis groups 1-IA, 1-IB, and 3. These proteins were categorized to possible cellular locations and functional groups; and for some proteins their putative roles in plant cell wall degradation and virulence. The majority of the secreted proteins were grouped to extracellular regions and contain hydrolase activity.

  6. Proteomic Investigation of Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 Identifies Secretome and Mycelial Proteins with roles in Plant Cell Wall Degradation and Virulence

    KAUST Repository

    Lakshman, Dilip

    2016-03-28

    Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 is a soilborne necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen that causes economically important diseases on agronomic crops worldwide. Here we used a proteomics approach to characterize both intracellular proteins and the secretome of R. solani AG 4 isolate Rs23A under several growth conditions; the secretome being highly important in pathogenesis. From over 500 total secretome and soluble intracellular protein spots from 2-D gels, 457 protein spots were analyzed and 318 proteins positively matched with fungal proteins of known function by comparison with available R. solani genome databases specific for anastomosis groups 1-IA, 1-IB, and 3. These proteins were categorized to possible cellular locations and functional groups; and for some proteins their putative roles in plant cell wall degradation and virulence. The majority of the secreted proteins were grouped to extracellular regions and contain hydrolase activity.

  7. Eqüidade em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde em países da União Européia Equity in socioeconomic sectors with an impact on health in European Union member countries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria do Rosário Giraldes

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available Pode ser eventualmente mais adequado corrigir desigualdades no domínio da educação, estilos de vida ou nutrição do que no domínio da saúde. O presente artigo propõe-se medir as desigualdades existentes, em países da União Européia, em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde da população. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de Gini para quantificar as desigualdades entre países da União Européia no que respeita a educação e atividades culturais, estilos de vida, nutrição, desemprego, utilização de serviços de saúde e despesa em saúde. Os indicadores que apresentam coeficientes de Gini mais elevados são a percentagem da população com ensino secundário elevado, o consumo per capita de manteiga e o consumo per capita de embalagens de medicamentos. Consiste motivo de preocupação para o setor saúde que a área da educação apresente uma tão grande desigualdade em relação à percentagem de inscritos no ensino secundário elevado, em países da União Européia. A desigualdade que existe no consumo per capita de manteiga é igualmente de salientar por causa do impacto que a nutrição tem, por exemplo, na incidência de doenças cárdio e cerebrovasculares e do peso que essas doenças têm na estrutura de mortalidade.It may sometimes be more appropriate to correct inequalities in the domains of education, lifestyles, or nutrition than that of health. The current study proposes to measure existing inequalities in European Union member countries in socioeconomic areas with an impact on the population's health. The Gini coefficient was used to quantify inequalities among member countries with regard to education and cultural activities, lifestyles, nutrition, unemployment, use of health care services, and health expenditures. The indicators with the highest Gini coefficients are the percentage of the population with a secondary school education (level of schooling just preceding the university, per capita butter

  8. Dinâmica sedimentar e feições sedimentares identificadas na superfície de fundo do sistema Cananéia-Iguape, SP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moysés Gonsalez Tessler

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available O sistema Cananéia-Iguape é separado do oceano pela Ilha Comprida, com aproximadamente 70 km de extensão, tendo como limites ao sul e ao norte, respectivamente, as desembocaduras de Cananéia e Icapara. Estudos sobre as modificações na configuração das margens do sistema, no padrão de distribuição sedimentar, bem como sobre o conhecimento do padrão hidrodinâmico evidenciaram a interrelação existente entre os mecanismos de circulação geral, condicionados principalmente pelas correntes geradas pelas marés e a variação temporal de descarga de água doce, e a distribuição espacial dos sedimentos de superfície dos fundos dos canais. Dentre as feições sedimentares identificadas nas superfícies de fundo destacam-se as ocorrências de marcas onduladas de grande porte (1 a 2 metros de altura e comprimentos de onda de 20 a 30 metros concentradas no canal entre a Ponta do Frade (Mar de Cananéia e a foz do Rio Subaúma (Mar Pequeno. Estas feições de fundo resultam da dinâmica junto aos fundos dos canais, sob forte influência das correntes de maré, sobre sedimentos predominantemente arenosos, cujas fontes atuais são os depósitos quaternários de planície costeira depositados durante os eventos transgressivos/regressivos quaternários. A análise das orientações das correntes de maré, indicadas pelas marcas onduladas assimétricas, permite concluir que o local que representa, no processo hidrodinâmico da área, o ponto de inversão do sentido das marés vazantes, anteriormente atribuído à área da Pedra do "Tombo", apresenta-se, na verdade, deslocado cerca de 10 km no sentido SW.Cananéia-Iguape coastal system is located in the Southern part of São Paulo State. A 72 km long barrier beach named Ilha Comprida separates it from the Atlantic Oceano Based on studies of the evolution of channel margins, bottom sediment distribution and hydrodynamic pattern of the Cananéia-Iguape system, a relationship between the general

  9. Postmeningitis headache: case report Cefaléia pós-meningite: relato de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    André Palma da Cunha Matta

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available We report a case of a 18-year-old female patient that developed a migraine-like headache following an acute meningococcal meningitis. She had no previous history of recurrent headaches. The pain was intense, pulsatile and throbbing, typically unilateral, without aura. Its frequency increased during the following weeks and a prophylactic treatment with amitriptyline and atenolol was initiated. There was remission of the attacks.Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 18 anos, previamente hígida, sem história pregressa de cefaléia, que apresentou um quadro agudo caracterizado por febre, cefaléia holocraniana, sonolência, vômitos e sinais de irritação meníngea. Teve investigação laboratorial compatível com meningite meningocócica. Recebeu o tratamento adequado, evoluindo com regressão do quadro infeccioso. Desenvolveu, entretanto, episódios recorrentes de cefaléia pulsátil, sem aura, unilateral, de forte intensidade e acompanhada por náusea e fotofobia. A freqüência dos episódios aumentou progressivamente até que se instituiu tratamento profilático com atenolol e amitriptilina, havendo remissão da dor.

  10. File list: InP.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  12. File list: InP.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  13. File list: InP.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  14. File list: His.Lar.05.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  16. File list: His.Lar.50.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  17. File list: His.Lar.10.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  18. Filosofia da ciência como ferramenta microeconômica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Barbieri

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available A teoria neoclássica pressupõe conhecimento perfeito. A crítica hayekiana a essa teoria, por sua vez, afirma que esse conhecimento é resultado do processo competitivo e, portanto, não pode ser considerado como dado. O “Problema de Hayek” investiga sob que condições o conhecimento do agente se aproxima dos reais fundamentos de uma economia. A fim de solucionar o “Problema de Hayek”, o nosso artigo utiliza algumas idéias da literatura de metodologia da Ciência, conhecida como teoria do “crescimento do conhecimento” (Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos e outros. Essas idéias são utilizadas para se compreender como evolui o conhecimento dos agentes econômicos, em especial o dos empresários. Estes são vistos como ativos formuladores de teorias empresariais conjecturais criticadas no processo competitivo, não como agentes passivos que maximizam funções já conhecidas da teoria convencional. Utiliza-se a Filosofia da Ciência não para analisar metodologicamente a microeconomia, mas, sim, como ferramenta analítica pertencente à própria teoria econômica.

  19. Ação por incumprimento: a técnica do diálogo cooperativo entre o Tribunal de Justiça da União Européia (TJUE) e a jurisdição nacional dos estados-membros

    OpenAIRE

    SOUSA, Leandro Eloy.

    2011-01-01

    Objetivando alcançar níveis mais elevados de desenvolvimento econômico e social alguns países europeus decidiram criar um organismo internacional de caracerísticas sui generis para o qual transferiram parcelas de sua soberania. A formação da União Européia sustenta-se na ordem jurídica comunitária que lhe confere os traços jurídicos fundamentais. A feição adjetiva dessa ordem jurídica diz respeito ao contencioso comunitário cuja concepção busca tutelar e assegurar a normatividade da ordem...

  20. Characterization of Bacteriocin like inhibitory substance produced by a new Strain Brevibacillus borstelensis AG1 Isolated from ‘Marcha’

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, Nivedita; Gupta, Anupama; Gautam, Neha

    2014-01-01

    In the present study, a bacterium isolated from Marcha- a herbal cake used as traditional starter culture to ferment local wine in North East India, was evaluated for bacteriocin like inhibitory substance production and was tested against six food borne/spoilage causing pathogens viz. Listeria monocytogenes MTCC 839, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121, Clostridium perfringens MTCC 450, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides MTCC 107 by using bit/disc method followed by well diffusion method. The bacterial isolate was identified as Brevibacillus borstelensis on the basis of phenotypic, biochemical and molecular characteristics using 16Sr RNA gene technique. Bacteriocin like inhibitory substance produced by Brevibacillus borstelensis AG1 was purified by gel exclusion chromatography. The molecular mass of the Brevibacillus borstelensis AG1 was found to be 12 kDa. Purified bacteriocin like inhibitory substance of Brevibacillus borstelensis was further characterized by studying the effect of temperature, pH, proteolytic enzyme and stability. Bacteriocin like inhibitory substance was found to be thermostable upto 100 °C, active at neutral pH, sensitive to trypsin, and partially stable till third week of storage thus showing a bright prospective to be used as a potential food biopreservative. PMID:25477937

  1. The double-degenerate model for the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, D.; Wang, B.; Han, Z.

    2018-02-01

    The double-degenerate (DD) model, involving the merging of massive double carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (CO WDs) driven by gravitational wave radiation, is one of the classical pathways for the formation of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Recently, it has been proposed that the WD+He subgiant channel has a significant contribution to the production of massive double WDs, in which the primary WD accumulates mass by accreting He-rich matter from an He subgiant. We evolved about 1800 CO WD+He star systems and obtained a large and dense grid for producing SNe Ia through the DD model. We then performed a series of binary population synthesis simulations for the DD model, in which the WD+He subgiant channel is calculated by interpolations in the SN Ia production grid. According to our standard model, the Galactic birth rate of SNe Ia is about 2.4 × 10- 3 yr- 1 for the WD+He subgiant channel of the DD model; the total birth rate is about 3.7 × 10- 3 yr- 1 for all channels, reproducing that of observations. Previous theoretical models still have deficit with the observed SNe Ia with delay times 8 Gyr. After considering the WD+He subgiant channel, we found that the delay time distributions are comparable with the observed results. Additionally, some recent studies proposed that the violent WD mergers are more likely to produce SNe Ia based on the DD model. We estimated that the violent mergers through the DD model may contribute to at most 16 per cent of all SNe Ia.

  2. Aderência das Demonstrações Contábeis dos Fundos de Pensão do Brasil aos Padrões Contábeis Internacionais: Uma Análise Comparativa à Luz da IAS 26

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roswelton Anjos de Paula

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Apesar de o processo de convergência aos padrões internacionais provocar discussões nos vários ramos da Contabilidade, no Brasil os fundos de pensão devem observar um padrão contábil próprio, respeitando a independência patrimonial de todos os planos de benefícios dos fundos de pensão e identificando, separadamente, os planos previdenciais e assistenciais administrados pelas entidades fechadas de previdência complementar (EFPC. Com o intuito de verificar em que medida a elaboração das demonstrações contábeis das EFPC se encontra aderente aos padrões contábeis internacionais, foi efetuada uma análise comparativa entre os elementos que compõem as estruturas da Demonstração da Mutação do Ativo Líquido (DMAL, da Demonstração do Ativo Líquido (DAL e da Demonstração das Obrigações Atuariais do Plano de Benefícios (DOAP, definidas pelo padrão próprio brasileiro, e os elementos estabelecidos pela IAS 26 - Accounting and Reporting by Retirement Benefit Plans, que se aplica às demonstrações contábeis dos planos de benefícios, relatando e fornecendo informações aos participantes sobre os recursos e os benefícios do plano ao longo do tempo. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e coleta de dados realizada de forma essencialmente documental. A justificativa para o estudo está na percepção de que o desenvolvimento de um padrão próprio pode comprometer a inserção da Contabilidade dos fundos de pensão do Brasil nas melhores práticas internacionais, e inibir a participação de eventuais investidores na capitalização desses fundos. Os resultados mostram que as estruturas dos elementos que compõem as demonstrações contábeis desses fundos se encontram, em sua maior parte, aderentes ao disposto na IAS 26, sendo observadas, contudo, divergências de caráter formal nas estruturas das demonstrações contábeis e na mensuração a valor justo dos investimentos, pass

  3. Pentacene on Au(111), Ag(111) and Cu(111): From physisorption to chemisorption.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Meng-Chao; Wang, Rong-Bin; Yang, Ao; Duhm, Steffen

    2016-03-09

    We measured the electronic and the molecular surface structure of pentacene deposited on the (111)-surfaces of coinage metals by means of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Pentacene is almost flat-lying in monolayers on all three substrates and highly ordered on Au(111) and on Cu(111). On Ag(111), however, weak chemisorption leads to almost disordered monolayers, both, at room temperature and at 78 K. On Cu(111) pentacene is strongly chemisorbed and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital becomes observable in UPS by a charge transfer from the substrate. On Ag(111) and Cu(111) multilayers adopt a tilted orientation and a high degree of crystallinity. On Au(111), most likely, also in multilayers the molecular short and long axes are parallel to the substrate, leading to a distinctively different electronic structure than on Ag(111) and Cu(111). Overall, it could be demonstrated that the substrate not only determines the geometric and electronic characteristics of molecular monolayer films but also plays a crucial role for multilayer film growth.

  4. Estudo da radiosensibilidade ao 60CO do Vibrio cholerae O1 incorporado em ostras Radiosensibility of Vibrio cholerae o1 incorporated in oysters, to 60CO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivany R de Moraes

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficiência da radiação ionizante por 60CO na eliminação de Vibrio cholerae O1, El Tor Ogawa, não-toxigênico, incorporados laboratorialmente em ostras vivas da espécie Crassostrea brasiliana. MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas amostras de ostras provenientes de Canan��ia (litoral sul de São Paulo, Brasil, as quais foram contaminadas com Vibrio cholerae e irradiadas com doses de 0,5 kGy e 1,0 kGy. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas diminuições significativas do número inicial do microrganismo indicado: de 3,4.10(7 para 10³ e 10², respectivamente. Os valores de D10 correspondentes foram de 0,173 a 0,235. CONCLUSÃO: Adotando-se o fator 6 como nível de segurança, conclui-se que a dose de irradiação de 1,41 kGy é necessária para eliminar números elevados de células viáveis de V. cholerae em ostras. Os experimentos foram realizados com os controles respectivos.OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of ionizing irradiation by 60Co on Vibrio cholerae O1, El-Tor, Ogawa, non-toxigenic, incorporated in live oysters Crassostrea brasiliana. METHODS: Samples of oysters were selected from Cananéia town in the South coast of S. Paulo state, Brazil, contaminated with Vibrio cholerae and irradiated with 60Co at 0.5 and 1.0 kGy dosages. RESULTS: Showed significant reductions of the initial number of V. cholerae , ranging from 3.4 x10(7 to 10³ and 10², respectively. The D10 values related with the respective doses of irradiation were 0.173 and 0.235. CONCLUSION: Considering a 6 value as safety factor, it is concluded that 1.41 kGy irradiation dosage is necessary to eliminate a high number of V. cholerae viable cells in oysters. Controls were used in the experiment.

  5. Avaliação de fontes de amônia para o tratamento de fenos de gramíneas tropicais. 1. Constituintes da parede celular, poder tampão e atividade ureática Evaluation of ammonia sources to tropical grasses hays treatment. 1. Cell wall contents, buffer capacity and urease activity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Andrade Reis

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se as alterações da fração fibrosa e as características químicas dos fenos de braquiária decumbens (Brachiaria decumbnes Stapf e jaraguá (Hyparrhenia rufa Ness Stapf não-tratados, tratados com uréia (U-5,4% da MS, uréia (UL-5,4% da MS mais labe-labe (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet, cv. Highworth-3,0% da MS ou amônia anidra (NH3 -3,0% da MS. O tratamento químico com uréia ou NH3 aumentou o pH e a digestibilidade in vitro verdadeira dos fenos. A amonização não alterou os teores de fibra em detergente ácido e celulose, mas diminuiu os de fibra em detergente neutro, hemicelulose e lignina. O uso do labe-labe como fonte adicional de urease não aumentou a eficiência da uréia no tratamento dos volumosos. As avaliações do conteúdo de umidade, do poder tampão e da atividade ureática são técnicas que podem auxiliar na previsão das respostas dos volumosos à amonização com o uso de uréia.The experiment was conducted to evaluate the changes on the chemical composition and the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD of the Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, jaraguá (Hyparrhenia rufa Ness Stapf hays, untreated, treated with urea (5.4% DM, urea (UL-5.4% DM and lab lab (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet, cv. Highworth-3.0% DM; and anhydrous ammonia (NH3 3.0% DM. The chemical treatment increased the pH and the in vitro digestibility of the hays Ammoniation did not affect ADF and cellulose contents. The NDF, hemicellulose and lignin contents decreased due to ammoniation with NH3. The urea utilization had the same efficiency that anhydrous ammonia on the hemicellulose content of the hays. The use of an external source of urease did not affect the urea treatment efficiency. The evaluation of the chemical characteristics of the forages, as the dry matter content, buffering capacity, and urease activity can be helpful on the prediction of their responses to the ammoniation.

  6. Facilitando a compreensão da segunda lei da termodinâmica

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveira,P.M.C. de; Dechoum,K.

    2003-01-01

    A idéia central desse artigo é chamar a atenção para o uso do diagrama T x s na descrição das máquinas térmicas reversíveis. Este diagrama mostra-se extremamente adequado e eficaz no ensino da segunda lei da tertermodinâmica dos processos reversíveis, no entanto uma escolha mostra-se mais apropriada que a outra quando se pretende salientar a universalidade dessa lei e não restringir a análise a uma substância de operação específica com é gás ideal.

  7. HLA Class II Defects in Burkitt Lymphoma: Bryostatin-1-Induced 17 kDa Protein Restores CD4+ T-Cell Recognition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Azim Hossain

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available While the defects in HLA class I-mediated Ag presentation by Burkitt lymphoma (BL have been well documented, CD4+ T-cells are also poorly stimulated by HLA class II Ag presentation, and the reasons underlying this defect(s have not yet been fully resolved. Here, we show that BL cells are deficient in their ability to optimally stimulate CD4+ T cells via the HLA class II pathway. The observed defect was not associated with low levels of BL-expressed costimulatory molecules, as addition of external co-stimulation failed to result in BL-mediated CD4+ T-cell activation. We further demonstrate that BL cells express the components of the class II pathway, and the defect was not caused by faulty Ag/class II interaction, because antigenic peptides bound with measurable affinity to BL-associated class II molecules. Treatment of BL with broystatin-1, a potent modulator of protein kinase C, led to significant improvement of functional class II Ag presentation in BL. The restoration of immune recognition appeared to be linked with an increased expression of a 17 kDa peptidylprolyl-like protein. These results demonstrate the presence of a specific defect in HLA class II-mediated Ag presentation in BL and reveal that treatment with bryostatin-1 could lead to enhanced immunogenicity.

  8. X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY FLASHES FROM TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoeflich, Peter; Schaefer, Bradley E.

    2009-01-01

    We investigate two potential mechanisms that will produce X-ray and γ-ray flashes from Type Ia supernovae (SN-Ia). The first mechanism is the breakout of the thermonuclear burning front as it reaches the surface of the white dwarf (WD). The second mechanism is the interaction of the rapidly expanding envelope with material within an accretion disk in the progenitor system. Our study is based on the delayed detonation scenario because this can account for the majority of light curves, spectra, and statistical properties of 'Branch-normal' SN-Ia. Based on detailed radiation-hydro calculations which include nuclear networks, we find that both mechanisms produce brief flashes of high-energy radiation with peak luminosities of 10 48 -10 50 erg s -1 . The breakout from the WD surface produces flashes with a rapid exponential decay by 3-4 orders of magnitude on timescales of a few tenths of a second and with most of the radiation in the X-ray and soft γ-ray range. The shocks produced in gases in and around the binary will produce flashes with a characteristic duration of a few seconds with most of the radiation coming out as X-rays and γ-rays. In both mechanisms, we expect a fast rise and slow decline and, after the peak, an evolution from hard to softer radiation due to adiabatic expansion. In many cases, flashes from both mechanisms will be superposed. The X- and γ-ray visibility of an SN-Ia will depend strongly on self-absorption within the progenitor system, specifically on the properties of the accretion disk and its orientation toward the observer. Such X-ray and γ-ray flashes could be detected as triggered events by gamma-ray burst (GRB) detectors on satellites, with events in current GRB catalogs. We have searched through the GRB catalogs (for the BATSE, HETE, and Swift experiments) for GRBs that occur at the extrapolated time of explosion and in the correct direction for known Type Ia supernovae with radial velocity of less than 3000 km s -1 . For the Burst

  9. Pregnancies in glycogen storage disease type Ia

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Martens, Danielle H. J.; Rake, Jan Peter; Schwarz, Martin; Ullrich, Kurt; Weinstein, David A.; Merkel, Martin; Sauer, Pieter J. J.; Smit, G. Peter A.

    OBJECTIVE: Reports on pregnancies in women with glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) are scarce. Because of improved life expectancy, pregnancy is becoming an important issue. We describe 15 pregnancies by focusing on dietary treatment, biochemical parameters, and GSD-Ia complications. STUDY

  10. O padrão biológico da cefaléia cervicogênica pode ser alterado pelo uso excessivo de ergotamínicos ou pela sua retirada? Can the biologic pattern of cervicogenic headache change after overuse or withdrawal of the ergotamine derivatives?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ELCIO JULIATO PIOVESAN

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available A transformação de uma cefaléia primária em cefaléia crônica diária (CCD pode ou não estar relacionada com o abuso de analgésicos, pois a influência desse abuso sobre os mecanismos fisiopatológicos permanecem inconclusivos. Descrevemos três pacientes (mulher, 65 e 39 anos e homem, 46 anos com cefaléia cervicogênica (CC que abusavam de analgésicos (derivados da ergotamina e foram submetidos a infiltração do nervo occipital maior (NOM. Ao final de três dias do tratamento, melhora total dos sintomas álgicos foram registrados, o que permitiu retirada completa dos derivados da ergotamina. A CC não pode ser classificada dentro das cefaléias crônica diárias visto que apresenta uma etiologia orgânica; entretanto, se a dor for diária e o diagnóstico tardio, o uso indiscriminado e abusivo de analgésicos pode ocorrer. Nos casos descritos o uso abusivo de analgésicos não influenciou a evolução natural desta cefaléia após o tratamento com a infiltração do NOM, uma vez que todos os pacientes submetidos a infiltração apresentaram melhora total de seus sintomas dolorosos sem cefaléia rebote ou tampouco dependência farmacológica. Esta é uma evidência que a CC apresenta uma etiológia orgânica, não sendo influenciada em sua fisiopatologia pelo uso abusivo de derivados da ergotamina.The transformation of a primary headache into a chronic daily headache (CDH may or may not be related to the overuse of painkillers, as their influence on the pathophysiological mechanisms remain inconclusive. We describe three patients (female, aged 65 and 39 years, and male, 46 affected by cervicogenic headache (CH and CDH linked to the overuse of painkillers (ergotamine derivatives that were submitted to the infiltration of the greater occipital nerve (GON. At the end of three days of treatment, a total improvement of the pain symptoms was recorded, which allowed for the withdrawal of the ergotamine derivatives. The CH cannot be ranked

  11. European freshwater VHSV genotype Ia isolates divide into two distinct subpopulations

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kahns, Søren; Skall, Helle Frank; Kaas, Rolf Sommer

    2012-01-01

    Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), caused by the novirhabdovirus VHSV, often leads to significant economic losses to European rainbow trout production. The virus isolates are divided into 4 distinct genotypes with additional subgroups including sublineage Ia, isolates of which are the main...... detected in Denmark since January 2009. Full-length G-genes of all Danish VHSV isolates that were submitted for diagnostic analyses in the period 2004−2009 were sequenced and analysed. All 58 Danish isolates from rainbow trout grouped with sublineage Ia isolates. Furthermore, VHSV isolates from infected...... Danish freshwater catchments appear to have evolved into a distinct clade within sublineage Ia, herein designated clade Ia-1, whereas trout isolates originating from other continental European countries cluster in another distinct clade, designated clade Ia-2. In addition, phylogenetic analyses indicate...

  12. File list: ALL.Lar.10.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  13. File list: ALL.Lar.50.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  14. File list: ALL.Lar.20.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Lar.20.AllAg.1st_instar dm3 All antigens Larvae 1st instar SRX013009,SRX013072,...SRX013088,SRX013044,SRX013064,SRX013097,SRX013055,SRX013056 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/ALL.Lar.20.AllAg.1st_instar.bed ...

  15. File list: ALL.Lar.05.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Lar.05.AllAg.1st_instar dm3 All antigens Larvae 1st instar SRX013088,SRX013009,...SRX013064,SRX013044,SRX013072,SRX013055,SRX013097,SRX013056 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/ALL.Lar.05.AllAg.1st_instar.bed ...

  16. OS SENTIDOS DA LÍNGUA NA CIDADE: IDÉIAS E NOMES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Padilha Fedatto

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta um estudo da significação da linguagem no espaço urbano através de uma análise histórico-enunciativa das mudanças nos nomes de três instituições de referência no espaço nacional brasileiro,sãoelas: Igreja de São Francisco (Salvador, Colégio Culto à Ciência (Campinas e Biblioteca Nacional (Rio de Janeiro. Através da enunciação de uma trajetória de seus nomes na história urbana nacional, discutirei o funcionamento da designação na relação com a construção do objeto nomeado. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: nomes de rua, designação, enunciação, saber urbano e linguagem. ABSTRACT: This article is a study of the signification of language in theurbanspace throughahistorical-enunciativeanalysisofalterations in the names of three important institutions in the national space of Brazil: the Church of São Francisco in Salvador, the Culto à Ciência School in Campinas, and National Library in Rio de Janeiro. By tracing the trajectory of these names in national urban history, I shall discuss the function of designation in relation to the construction of the designated object. KEYWORDS: street names, designation, enunciation, urban knowledge and language.

  17. Dos mitos acerca do determinismo climático/ambiental na história do pensamento geográfico e dos equívocos de sua crítica: reflexões metodológicas, teórico-epistemológicas, semântico-conceituais e filosóficas como prolegômenos ao estudo da relação sociedade-natureza pelo prisma da idéia das influências ambientais

    OpenAIRE

    Ilton Jardim de Carvalho Júnior

    2011-01-01

    Na história do pensamento geográfico há um grande equívoco na maneira pela qual é concebida a teoria do determinismo geográfico/ambiental. Isso significa que o tema tem sido tratado sob estereotipada roupagem, empobrecendo a Geografia e difamando e subestimando inúmeros geógrafos, bem como suas obras e idéias. O primeiro grande objetivo é o de demonstrar a importância histórica, científica e filosófica da idéia das influências ambientais que subjaz ao determinismo ambiental, a inevitabilidade...

  18. Thermal expansion properties of Bi-2212 in Ag or an Ag-alloy matrix

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tenbrink, J.; Krauth, H.

    1994-01-01

    The thermal expansion properties of polycrystalline Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+x melt-processed bulk specimens, and Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+x monocore as well as multifilamentary round wires in Ag or Ag-alloy matrix have been investigated over the temperature range from -150 to 800 degrees C. Although the thermal expansion of Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+x is distinctly lower compared with Ag, the thermal expansion properties of the Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+x -Ag or AgNiMg-alloy composite conductors are essentially governed by the matrix material. The thermal expansion of the encountered oxide-dispersion-strengthened AgNiMg alloys is only slightly lower compared with that of pure Ag. Therefore the thermal expansion of all investigated Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+x -Ag or Ag-alloy composite wires was found to be close to that of pure Ag. The reason for this striking behaviour is shown to be related to a surprisingly low elastic modulus of the polycrystalline Bi-2212 wire cores of the order of 10 to a maximum 40 GPa. (author)

  19. Amenorréia e osteoporose em adolescentes atletas Amenorrhea and osteosporosis in adolescents athletes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graziela MANTOANELLI

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available A participação feminina no esporte foi crescendo ao longo dos anos. Trabalhos científicos têm mostrado os benefícios trazidos por esta prática para a saúde da mulher, mas quando se trata de esporte competitivo podem surgir problemas. A complicação mais comum descrita pela literatura é a "tríade da atleta", a qual envolve três processos: o distúrbio alimentar, a amenorréia e a osteoporose. A amenorréia atinge, nos Estados Unidos, até 66% das atletas de competição, e algumas de suas possíveis causas são: perda de peso, excesso de treino, quantidade insuficiente de gordura corporal, perda de estoques específicos de gordura corporal e dieta inadequada. Como conseqüência da amenorréia, a esportista pode desenvolver osteoporose precoce. Não se sabe ao certo a porcentagem de atletas com osteopenia, mas há indícios de que a falta de estrógeno, a dieta inadequada e o consumo insuficiente de cálcio serem fatores que as predispõem a desenvolver a doença.The female participation in sports has been increasing over the years. Scientific studies have shown the benefits this practice brings to women's health, but, when it comes to competitive sports, problems may arise. The most common complication described by the literature is the "Female Athlete Triad", which involves three processes: the eating disorder, the amenorrhea, and the osteoporosis. In the United States, the amenorrhea afflicts up to 66% of the competition athletes, and some of its possible causes of are: weight loss, excessive training, insufficient quantity of body fat, loss of specific stores of body fat, and inadequate diet. As a consequence of the amenorrhea, the sportswoman may develop precocious osteoporosis. It is not known for sure the percentage of athletes with osteopenia, but there are indications that the lack of estrogen, the inadequate diet, and the insufficient consumption of calcium are factors predisposing them to develop the disease.

  20. As agências reguladoras independentes e o Tribunal de Contas da União: conflito de jurisdições? The independent regulatory agencies and the Federal Court of Accounts: a jurisdictional conflict?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Granha Magalhães Gomes

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a emergência, no Brasil, de agências reguladoras independentes (ARIs e suas especificidades quanto ao desenho institucional; analisa ainda a evolução recente da atuação do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU no contexto da nova gestão pública. No desenho das ARIs têm destaque os mecanismos que lhes conferem independência política, dada a natureza de suas atribuições e competências. Por outro lado, o TCU vem ampliando seu campo de atuação, passando a avaliar não mais apenas os aspectos formais da legalidade de procedimentos, mas também o desempenho e resultados alcançados por órgãos e entidades públicas. O TCU passa a atuar no acompanhamento e avaliação do desempenho das agências. O artigo analisa a interface entre independência e controle, discutindo possíveis conflitos institucionais entre as agências reguladoras e o TCU.This article analyzes the emergence of the independent regulatory agencies (IRAs in Brazil and their specificities as to their institutional design. It also discusses the recent developments in the Federal Court of Accounts' actions within the new public management context. IRAs were designed with emphasis on the features that give them political independence, considering the nature of their attributions and capabilities. On the other hand, the Federal Court of Accounts (FCA has broadened its area of activities, assessing not only the formal aspects of the legality of procedures, but also the performance and the results of organisms and public institutions. The FCA is tracking and assessing the agencies' performance. The article analyzes the interface between independence and control, discussing possible institutional conflicts between regulatory agencies and the FCA.

  1. Efeitos da defaunação em ovinos alimentados com cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum, L. adicionada de uréia Effects of defaunation in sheep fed sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum, L. plus urea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F.C.F. Lopes

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available Em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, estudou-se o efeito da defaunação em ovinos que receberam cana-de-açúcar e uréia sobre o consumo e digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes, dinâmica da fase sólida, parâmetros de fermentação ruminal e de degradação in situ. As taxas de passagem no rúmen foram, respectivamente, de 3,05 e 1,97%/h, para ovinos faunados e defaunados. Valores mais elevados para taxa (5,4%/h e extensão (46,7% da digestão ruminal e de degradabilidade efetiva da FDN da cana (31,5% foram obtidos nos ovinos faunados. Seus consumos diários (57,7 e 32,3 g/kg0,75, respectivamente para MS e FDN foram superiores (PThe defaunation effect on feed intake, nutrient apparent digestibilities, solid phase dynamics, ruminal fermentation parameters and in situ degradation in sheep fed on sugar cane plus urea was studied in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Ruminal passage rates of 3.05 and 1.97%/h were observed for the faunated and defaunated groups, respectively. Higher values for sugar cane NDF ruminal digestion rate (5.41%/h, extension (46.7% and effective degradability (31.53% were observed for the faunated group. The faunated group daily intake (57.7 and 32.3 g/kg0.75 for dry matter and NDF residue, respectively was higher (P<0.06 than that for the defaunated group. Total VFA, acetate and propionate concentrations were higher (P<0.05 in the faunated group and were dependent on sampling time. Defaunated sheep showed higher (P<0.04 post prandial decrease in pH. Relative to apparent digestibility difference (P<0.05 between treatments was observed only for dry matter.

  2. Avaliação da utilização do placebo nas crises agudas de migrânea sem aura, migrânea com aura e cefaléia do tipo tensional episódica Evaluation of placebo use in migraine without aura, migraine with aura and episodic tension-type headache acute attacks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Eduardo Bigal

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo apresenta a avaliação do efeito placebo no tratamento agudo da migrânea sem aura, migrânea com aura e cefaléia do tipo tensional episódica. Foram estudados pacientes que deram entrada entre 1 de março de 1997 a 31 de novembro de 1999 em dois pronto-socorros. Definiram-se três grupos, cada um com 30 pacientes: 1 - migrânea sem aura (MSA; 2 -- migrânea com aura (MCO; 3 -- cefaléia do tipo tensional episódica (CTTE. Os pacientes participavam de estudo randomizado para avaliar a eficácia de 4 drogas; aqueles randomizados para o placebo foram incluídos também. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: 1 -- dor; 2 - sintomas associados. Avaliados uma hora após a administração do placebo, 50% dos pacientes do grupo MSA, 23,3% dos pacientes do grupo MCA e 26,7% dos pacientes do grupo CTTE apresentavam melhora da dor. A melhora, avaliada pela escala numérica da dor foi, em média, de 41,6%, 23,1% e 36%, respectivamente. Houve também redução significativa de todos os sintomas associados. A utilização do placebo é, portanto, essencial na avaliação de drogas utilizadas no tratamento de cefaléias agudas.This study presents an evaluation of placebo response in the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura and episodic tension type headache. We studied patients admitted between March 1st,1997 and November 31st,1999 in two Emergency Room Units. Three groups had been defined, each one with 30 participants: migraine without aura (MWOA, migraine with aura (MWA and episodic tension-type headache (ETTH. Patients were participating of a randomized study to evaluate efficacy of 4 different drugs; those randomized to receive placebo were included. We evaluated pain and associated symptoms. After one hour of placebo administration, 50% of MWOA patients, 23.3% of MWA and 26.7% of ETTH had presented pain relief. The mean of this relief, evaluated by the numerical pain scale, was 41.6%, 23.1% and 36%, respectively. Use of placebo

  3. The Evolution of the Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Function

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Shen, K.J.; Toonen, S.; Graur, O.

    2017-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) exhibit a wide diversity of peak luminosities and light curve shapes: the faintest SNe Ia are 10 times less luminous and evolve more rapidly than the brightest SNe Ia. Their differing characteristics also extend to their stellar age distributions, with fainter SNe Ia

  4. Progenitor's Signatures in Type Ia Supernova Remnants

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Chiotellis, A.; Kosenko, D.; Schure, K.M.; Vink, J.

    2013-01-01

    The remnants of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) can provide important clues about their progenitor histories. We discuss two well-observed supernova remnants (SNRs) that are believed to have resulted from SNe Ia, and use various tools to shed light on the possible progenitor histories. We find that

  5. Mass-accreting white dwarfs and type Ia supernovae

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Bo

    2018-05-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play a prominent role in understanding the evolution of the Universe. They are thought to be thermonuclear explosions of mass-accreting carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (CO WDs) in binaries, although the mass donors of the accreting WDs are still not well determined. In this article, I review recent studies on mass-accreting WDs, including H- and He-accreting WDs. I also review currently most studied progenitor models of SNe Ia, i.e., the single-degenerate model (including the WD+MS channel, the WD+RG channel and the WD+He star channel), the double-degenerate model (including the violent merger scenario) and the sub-Chandrasekhar mass model. Recent progress on these progenitor models is discussed, including the initial parameter space for producing SNe Ia, the binary evolutionary paths to SNe Ia, the progenitor candidates for SNe Ia, the possible surviving companion stars of SNe Ia, some observational constraints, etc. Some other potential progenitor models of SNe Ia are also summarized, including the hybrid CONe WD model, the core-degenerate model, the double WD collision model, the spin-up/spin-down model and the model of WDs near black holes. To date, it seems that two or more progenitor models are needed to explain the observed diversity among SNe Ia.

  6. Uréia em suplementos protéico-energéticos para bovinos de corte durante o período da seca: características nutricionais e ruminais Urea in protein-energy supplements for beef cattle during the dry season: nutritional and ruminal traits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Henrique Bevitori Kling de Moraes

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade, o pH e a concentração de amônia do líquido ruminal, a concentração de nitrogênio sérico e urinário e a síntese microbiana em novilhos recebendo suplemento durante o período da seca. Utilizaram-se quatro novilhos mestiços Zebu × Holandês, castrados, com peso médio inicial de 430 kg, fistulados no esôfago, rúmen e abomaso e distribuídos em quatro piquetes de Brachiaria decumbens, cada um com 0,40 ha. Cada animal recebeu 4,0 kg/dia de suplemento, constituído de milho moído, farelo de algodão, mistura mineral e uréia/sulfato de amônia em quatro níveis (0; 1,2; 2,4 e 3,6% na matéria natural. Os consumos de matéria seca total, 2,0% (10,9 kg/dia, e de pasto, 2,3% (7,1 kg/dia, matéria orgânica, 2,2% (9,7 kg/dia, matéria orgânica do pasto, 2,3% (6,3 kg/dia, proteína bruta, 1,9% (1,3 kg/dia, extrato etéreo, 3,6% (0,4 kg/dia, fibra em detergente neutro, 1,9% (5,8 kg/dia, carboidratos totais, 2,3% (8,2 kg/dia, e carboidratos não-fibrosos, 2,9% (4,1 kg/dia, foram influenciados de forma quadrática pelos níveis de uréia nos suplementos. Apenas a digestibilidade total da matéria orgânica foi afetada, de forma linear positiva, pelos níveis de uréia no suplemento. Não foram observados efeitos dos níveis de uréia no suplemento sobre o pH ruminal, entretanto as concentrações de amônia aumentaram linearmente de acordo com os níveis de uréia, ocasionando aumento linear na excreção de nitrogênio sérico e urinário. A eficiência microbiana, em qualquer forma de expressão, não diferiu entre os níveis de uréia.Four Zebu × Holstein steers were fistulated in rumen, abomasums and esophagus, with 430 kg of live weight grazing in four paddocks of Brachiaria decumbens (.40 ha, feed supplements were used to evaluate intake, digestibility, pH and ammonia ruminal concentration, nitrogen in serum and urine and microbial yield. The animals received 4.0 kg/animal/day of

  7. Entrevista: Joan Martinez-Alier

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Amélia Enríquez

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Nesta seção de entrevistas da Revista “Sustentabilidade em Debate” nosso convidado especial é Joan Martinez-Alier, um dos maiores expoentes da economia ecológica. Martínez-Alier é professor aposentado da Universidade Autônoma de Barcelona (UAB, onde ministrou disciplinas de economia e história econômica. Foi pesquisador do Saint Antony’s College, em Oxford, e professor visitante da FLACSO, Equador. Membro fundador, e presidente no período 2006-2007, da Sociedade Internacional de Economia Ecológica (ISEE e da Associação Européia de Economia Ambiental. Também foi membro do comitê científico da Agência Européia do Ambiente. Autor de vários livros, entre os quais se destaca “O Ecologismo dos Pobres” com publicação em vários países, inclusive no Brasil (São Paulo: Contexto, 2007 – 1ª. edição que já está em segunda edição revisada e atualizada. Atualmente, Alier coordena o projeto europeu EJOLT (Environmental Justice Organizations, Liabilities and Trade no ICTA, UAB. A entrevista está estruturada em quatro tópicos: 1 Crise econômica e os novos desafios para a economia; 2Energia e bens primários; 3 Economia Ecológica e 4 Ecologismo dos Pobres

  8. File list: Oth.Emb.10.AllAg.1-2h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Emb.10.AllAg.1-2h_embryos dm3 TFs and others Embryo 1-2h embryos SRX197583,SRX1...97584 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Oth.Emb.10.AllAg.1-2h_embryos.bed ...

  9. File list: Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-2h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-2h_embryos dm3 TFs and others Embryo 1-2h embryos SRX197583,SRX1...97584 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-2h_embryos.bed ...

  10. Palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica Mill e uréia em substituição ao feno de capim tifton (Cynodon spp em dietas de vacas da raça holandesa em lactação. 1. Digestibilidade - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v28i2.638 Forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica Mill and urea in replacement of tifton hay (Cynodon spp in lactating Holstein cows diet. 1. Digestibility - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v28i2.638

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Veras

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Foi avaliado o efeito de quatro níveis (0; 12,5; 25; 37,5; e 50% de palma forrageira e uréia em substituição ao feno de capim tifton, na ração de vacas da raça holandesa em lactação sobre a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (DAMS, da matéria orgânica (DAMO, da fibra em detergente neutro (DAFDN, da proteína bruta (DAPB, dos carboidratos totais (DACHOT e dos carboidratos não fibrosos (DACNF. Foram utilizadas cinco vacas, com peso médio de 480 kg e produção média de leite de 20 kg/dia, distribuídas em um quadrado latino 5x5. As DAMS, DAMO, DACHOT e DACNF aumentaram, a DAFDN diminuiu linearmente e a DAPB não foi influenciada com o aumento dos níveis de palma e uréia na dieta. Os nutrientes digestíveis totais de mantença, a energia digestível de lactação, energia metabolizável de lactação e energia líquida de lactação aumentaram à medida que eram incluídas palma e uréia na dieta.The effect of five levels forage cactus and urea (0.0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 and 50% in replacement of tifton hay in lactating Holstein cows diets, on the apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM, organic matter (ADOM, neutral detergent fiber (ADNDF, crude protein (ADCP, total carbohydrates (ADTC and nonfiber carbohydrates (ADNFC were evaluated. Five Holstein cows weighing on average 480 kg and with an average milk yield of 20 kg of milk/day were used in a 5x5 Latin square design. The DM, OM, TC and NFC apparent digestibility increased while NDF apparent digestibility decreased linearly and the CP apparent digestibility was not affected by the inclusion of forage cactus and urea. The total digestible nutrients of maintenance, digestible energy of lactation, metabolizing energy of lactation and liquid energy of lactation increased as the forage cactus and urea levels increased.

  11. Bactericidal impact of Ag, ZnO and mixed AgZnO colloidal nanoparticles on H37Rv Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagocytized by THP-1 cell lines.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jafari, Alireza; Mosavari, Nader; Movahedzadeh, Farahnaz; Nodooshan, Saeedeh Jafari; Safarkar, Roya; Moro, Rossella; Kamalzadeh, Morteza; Majidpour, Ali; Boustanshenas, Mina; Mosavi, Tahereh

    2017-09-01

    The purpose of this research project was to infection of human macrophages (THP-1) cell lines by H 37 Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H 37 RvMTB) and find out the ratio/dilution of mixture silver (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) whose ability to eliminate phagocytized bacteria compared to rifampicin. The colloidal Ag NPs and ZnO NPs were synthesized and their characteristics were evaluated. The THP-1 cell lines were infected with different concentration of H 37 RvMTB. Next, the infected cells were treated with different ratios/dilutions of Ag NPs, ZnO NPs and rifampicin. The THP-1 were lysed and were cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen agar medium, for eight weeks. The TEM and AFM images of NPs and H 37 RvMTB were supplied. It is observed that Ag NPs, 2 Ag :8 ZnO and 8 Ag :2 ZnO did not have any anti-tubercular effects on phagocytized H 37 RvMTB. Conversely, ZnO NPs somehow eliminated 18.7 × 10 4  CFU ml -1 of H 37 RvMTB in concentration of ∼ 0.468 ppm. To compare with 40 ppm of rifampicin, ∼ 0.663 ppm of 5 Ag :5 ZnO had the ability to kill of H 37 RvMTB, too. Based on previous research, ZnO NPs had strong anti-tubercular impact against H 37 RvMTB to in-vitro condition, but it was toxic in concentration of ∼ 0.468 ppm to both of THP-1 and normal lung (MRC-5) cell lines. It also seems that 5 Ag :5 ZnO is justified because in concentration of ∼ 0.663 ppm of 5 Ag :5 ZnO , phagocytized H 37 RvMTB into the THP-1 had died without any toxicity effects against THP-1 and also MRC-5 cell lines. It is obvious that the mixture of colloidal silver and zinc oxide NPs with ratio of 5 Ag :5 ZnO would be trustworthy options as anti-tubercular nano-drugs in future researches. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  12. The major histocompatibility complex genes impact pain response in DA and DA.1U rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Yuan; Yao, Fan-Rong; Cao, Dong-Yuan; Li, Li; Wang, Hui-Sheng; Xie, Wen; Zhao, Yan

    2015-08-01

    Our recent studies have shown that the difference in basal pain sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimulation between Dark-Agouti (DA) rats and a novel congenic DA.1U rats is major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes dependent. In the present study, we further used DA and DA.1U rats to investigate the role of MHC genes in formalin-induced pain model by behavioral, electrophysiological and immunohistochemical methods. Behavioral results showed biphasic nociceptive behaviors increased significantly following the intraplantar injection of formalin in the hindpaw of DA and DA.1U rats. The main nociceptive behaviors were lifting and licking, especially in DA rats (PDA rats were significantly higher than those in DA.1U rats in both phases of the formalin test (PDA rats was significantly higher than that of DA.1U rats (PDA was greater than that in DA.1U rats (PDA rats was significantly higher than that in DA.1U rats in the respective experimental group (PDA and DA.1U rats exhibited nociceptive responses in formalin-induced pain model and DA rats were more sensitive to noxious chemical stimulus than DA.1U rats, indicating that MHC genes might contribute to the difference in pain sensitivity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Plasmonic Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag composite: Excellent photocatalytic performance and possible photocatalytic mechanism

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Zhongliao [College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 (China); Zhang, Jinfeng, E-mail: zjf_y2004@126.com [College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 (China); Lv, Jiali [College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 (China); Dai, Kai, E-mail: daikai940@chnu.edu.cn [College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 (China); Liang, Changhao [College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 (China); Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 (China)

    2017-02-28

    Highlights: • Novel Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag photocatalyst was prepared. • Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag showed high photocatalytic activity. • Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag showed long reusable life. - Abstract: Plasmonic Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag composite is fabricated by in-situ ion exchange and reduction methods at room temperature. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis diffuse reflectance (DRS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The results show that butterfly-like Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4} nanosheets served as the precursor, and Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag is formed in phase transformation with MoO{sub 4}{sup 2−} displaced by Br{sup −}. The ternary Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag composite photocatalysts show greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity in photodegrading methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation compared with AgBr and Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}. The pseudo-first-order rate constant k{sub app} of Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag is 0.602 min{sup −1}, which is 11.6 and 18.3 times as high as that of AgBr and Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}, respectively. Meanwhile, the efficiency of degradation still kept 90% after ten times cyclic experiments. Eventually, possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed.

  14. Qualidade da dieta de pré-escolares de 2 a 5 anos residentes na área urbana da cidade de Pelotas, RS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katharine Konrad Leal

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available ResumoObjetivo:Avaliar a qualidade da dieta de pré-escolares residentes na área urbana da cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Métodos:A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada de acordo com o Índice de Alimentação Saudável (IAS, adaptado para o Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi medido por meio de Questionário de Frequência Alimentar. O escore do índice foi obtido por uma pontuação distribuída em 13 grupos alimentares, que caracterizam diferentes aspectos de uma dieta saudável, variação de 0 a 100 pontos. Quanto mais próximo de 100, melhor será a qualidade da dieta.Resultados:A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada em 556 pré-escolares. O valor médio do escore do IAS foi de 74,4 pontos. Isso indica que as dietas necessitam ser melhoradas. As médias dos escores foram significativamente maiores entre as meninas e entre crianças provenientes de famílias com renda familiar entre um e menos de três salários mínimos mensais.Conclusões:As crianças apresentaram consumo de verduras e legumes abaixo da recomendação, enquanto os alimentos do grupo dos óleos e gorduras, bem como do grupo dos açúcares, balas, chocolates e salgadinhos, foram consumidos em excesso. É importante reforçar orientações para promover um hábito alimentar mais saudável, que poderá perdurar em etapas posteriores da vida

  15. Protective role of AgRP neuron's PDK1 against salt-induced hypertension.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Boyang; Nakata, Masanori; Lu, Ming; Nakae, Jun; Okada, Takashi; Ogawa, Wataru; Yada, Toshihiko

    2018-06-12

    In the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons regulate feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. The 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) in AgRP neurons serves as a major signaling molecule for leptin and insulin, the hormones regulating feeding behavior, energy homeostasis and circulation. However, it is unclear whether PDK1 in AGRP neurons is also involved in regulation of blood pressure. This study explored it by generating and analyzing AgRP neuron-specific PDK1 knockout (Agrp-Pdk1 flox/flox ) mice and effect of high salt diet on blood pressure in KO and WT mice was analyzed. Under high salt diet feeding, systolic blood pressure (SBP) of Agrp-Pdk1 flox/flox mice was significantly elevated compared to Agrp-Cre mice. When the high salt diet was switched to control low salt diet, SBP of Agrp-Pdk1 flox/flox mice returned to the basal level observed in Agrp-Cre mice within 1 week. In Agrp-Pdk1 flox/flox mice, urinary noradrenalin excretion and NUCB2 mRNA expression in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were markedly upregulated. Moreover, silencing of NUCB2 in the PVN counteracted the rises in urinary noradrenalin excretions and SBP. These results demonstrate a novel role of PDK1 in AgRP neurons to counteract the high salt diet-induced hypertension by preventing hyperactivation of PVN nesfatin-1 neurons. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Cloud Infrastructure & Applications - CloudIA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sulistio, Anthony; Reich, Christoph; Doelitzscher, Frank

    The idea behind Cloud Computing is to deliver Infrastructure-as-a-Services and Software-as-a-Service over the Internet on an easy pay-per-use business model. To harness the potentials of Cloud Computing for e-Learning and research purposes, and to small- and medium-sized enterprises, the Hochschule Furtwangen University establishes a new project, called Cloud Infrastructure & Applications (CloudIA). The CloudIA project is a market-oriented cloud infrastructure that leverages different virtualization technologies, by supporting Service-Level Agreements for various service offerings. This paper describes the CloudIA project in details and mentions our early experiences in building a private cloud using an existing infrastructure.

  17. The structure and band gap design of high Si doping level Ag{sub 1−x}Ga{sub 1−x}Si{sub x}Se{sub 2} (x=1/2)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Shiyan [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620 (China); Mei, Dajiang, E-mail: meidajiang718@pku.edu.cn [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620 (China); Du, Xin [Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Lin, Zheshuai [Center for Crystal Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Zhong, Junbo [Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000 (China); Wu, Yuandong, E-mail: wuyuandong2013@outlook.com [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620 (China); Xu, Jingli [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620 (China)

    2016-06-15

    Ag{sub 1−x}Ga{sub 1−x}Si{sub x}Se{sub 2} solutions with high Si doping level (x=1/2) are considered and new compound AgGaSiSe{sub 4} has been synthesized. It crystallizes in space group Aea2 and possesses very long axis of a=63.06(1)Å. The three-dimensional framework in AgGaSiSe{sub 4} is composed of AgSe{sub 3} trigonal planar units, AgSe{sub 4} tetrahedra and MSe{sub 4}(M=Si, Ga) tetrahedra. AgGaSiSe{sub 4} is a congruently melting compound with the melt temperature of 759 °C. The diffuse reflectance measurements reveal the band gap of 2.63 eV in AgGaSiSe{sub 4} and the value is 0.33 eV larger than that of Ag{sub 3}Ga{sub 3}SiSe{sub 8} (2.30 eV). - Graphical abstract: The Ag{sub 1−x}Ga{sub 1−x}Si{sub x}Se{sub 2} with high Si doping level (x=1/2) has been studied and the new compound AgGaSiSe{sub 4} was synthesized for the first time. AgGaSiSe{sub 4} crystallizes in a new structure type in space group Aea2 and adopts a three-dimensional framework consisting of AgSe{sub 3} trigonal planar units, AgSe{sub 4} tetrahedra and MSe{sub 4} (M=Si, Ge) tetrahedra. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Study of Ag{sub 1−x}Ga{sub 1−x}Si{sub x}Se{sub 2} with high Si doping level (x=1/2). • Successful synthesis of new compound named AgGaSiSe{sub 4}. • AgGaSiSe{sub 4} crystallizes in space group Aea2 and adopts a three-dimensional framework. • The energy band gap of AgGaSiSe{sub 4} is enlarged compared with Ag{sub 3}Ga{sub 3}SiSe{sub 8}.

  18. Substituição total do farelo de soja por uréia ou amiréia, em dietas com alto teor de concentrado, sobre a amônia ruminal, os parâmetros sangüíneos e o metabolismo do nitrogênio em bovinos de corte Total replacement of soybean meal by urea or starea in high grain diets on nitrogen metabolism, ruminal ammonia-N concentration and blood parameters in beef cattle

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reinaldo Cunha de Oliveira Junior

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available Seis novilhos da raça Nelore, não castrados, com peso médio inicial de 420 kg, distribuídos em delineamento em quadrado latino 3x3 duplicado, foram utilizados para avaliar a substituição total de uma fonte de proteína verdadeira (farelo de soja, em uma dieta deficiente em proteína degradável no rúmen (PDR, por uréia ou amiréia (fontes de nitrogênio não protéico, ambas em uma dieta adequada em PDR. As dietas foram isoprotéicas (13,0% utilizando-se o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura (BIN como única fonte de volumoso (20% da MS. Foram avaliados: a concentração de amônia ruminal, nitrogênio uréico plasmático, glicose plasmática e o metabolismo do nitrogênio. Os tratamentos foram: 1 farelo de soja (FS; 2 uréia e 3 amiréia (A-150S. A concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal no fluido ruminal foi superior no tratamento com uréia, comparado ao tratamento com farelo de soja, sendo que o tratamento com amiréia não diferiu dos demais. O tratamento com amiréia apresentou maior perda de N urinário. A retenção de N (g/d e % do consumido e o valor biológico da proteína (N retido, % do N digerido foram superiores para o tratamento com uréia, comparado aos demais. A concentração de nitrogênio uréico no plasma e a concentração de glicose plasmática foram similares entre os tratamentos. A substituição total do farelo de soja por uréia, ajustando a PDR na dieta de bovinos de corte, demonstrou ser viável. A uréia na forma convencional apresentou vantagens em relação à amiréia.Six Nellore bulls, with initial body weight of 420 kg, were assigned to a duplicated 3x3 Latin square design to evaluate the effects of replacing a true protein source (soybean meal, of high biological value, in a rumen degradable protein (RDP deficient diet, by urea or starea (a supposedly slow release nonprotein nitrogen source, both in a RDP adjusted diet. In natura sugarcane bagasse as the only source of forage (20% of DM. Evaluated

  19. THE ULTRAVIOLET BRIGHTEST TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA 2011de

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brown, Peter J.

    2014-01-01

    We present and discuss the ultraviolet (UV)/optical photometric light curves and absolute magnitudes of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2011de from the Swift Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope. We find it to be the UV brightest SN Ia yet observed—more than a factor of 10 brighter than normal SNe Ia in the mid-ultraviolet. We find that the UV/optical brightness and broad light curve evolution can be modeled with additional flux from the shock of the ejecta hitting a relatively large red giant companion separated by 6 × 10 13 cm. However, the post-maximum behavior of other UV-bright SNe Ia can also be modeled in a similar manner, including objects with UV spectroscopy or pre-maximum photometry which is inconsistent with this model. This suggests that similar UV luminosities can be intrinsic or caused by other forms of shock interaction. The high velocities reported for SN 2011de make it distinct from the UV-bright ''super-Chandrasekhar'' SNe Ia and the NUV-blue group of normal SNe Ia. SN 2011de is an extreme example of the UV variations in SNe Ia

  20. Competências Organizacionais das Agências da Previdência Social de um Órgão Administrativo Público: o Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social – INSS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio Luís Costela

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e descrever quais são as competências organizacionais das Agências da Previdência Social (APS pertencentes à Gerência Executiva do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social – INSS de Passo Fundo/RS, segundo a percepção do grupo gestor, que são determinantes para garantir a performance superior da organização. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva que utilizou o modelo de identificação das competências essenciais proposto por Prahalad e Hamel (2005. Como resultado identificou-se seis recursos estratégicos que foram definidos como competências essenciais da organização, que são apresentados no artigo. Também foram identificados os processos (recursos, rotinas e as competências específicas do conjunto das Agências do INSS de Passo Fundo/RS e os principais entraves/dificuldades que, à luz da percepção dos seus gestores, prejudicam a performance superior da organização. Foi também identificado a pertinência da adoção de um modelo de análise de vantagens competitivas, em princípio, concebido para organizações privadas, em uma instituição pública, com características diferentes das organizações privadas. Nesse caso, verificou-se que foi válido e extremamente importante a utilização e adequação de modelos teóricos concebidos para análise de empresas privadas e utilizadas na análise de empresas públicas, uma vez que tais organizações também possuem um mercado e precisam ser avaliadas pelo resultado do seu serviço. Dos quatro modelos de vantagens competitivas utilizados para interpretar a efetividade dos serviços do INSS, verificou-se que a abordagem das capacidades dinâmicas mostrou-se mais adequada para explicar o caso, uma vez que trabalha a efetividade organizacional em função dos recursos e processos internos.

  1. Half-lives of isomeric levels of sup 1 sup 0 sup 7 sup m Ag, sup 1 sup 0 sup 9 sup m Ag and sup 1 sup 0 sup 3 sup m Rh photoactivated by sup 6 sup 0 Co gamma-ray irradiation

    CERN Document Server

    Yoshida, E; Kojima, Y; Shizuma, K

    2000-01-01

    Photoactivation by gamma-rays from sup 6 sup 0 Co of 10 kCi has been performed for isomers of sup 1 sup 0 sup 7 sup m Ag, sup 1 sup 0 sup 9 sup m Ag and sup 1 sup 0 sup 3 sup m Rh and half-lives of these isomers were determined. Gamma-rays emitted from sup 1 sup 0 sup 7 sup m Ag and sup 1 sup 0 sup 9 sup m Ag were measured with a low-background Ge detector and internal conversion electrons from sup 1 sup 0 sup 3 sup m Rh were measured with a 2 pi gas flow counter. The half-lives obtained are: sup 1 sup 0 sup 7 sup m Ag: 44.5+-0.8 s, sup 1 sup 0 sup 9 sup m Ag: 38.0+-1.2 s and sup 1 sup 0 sup 3 sup m Rh: 54.8+-3.8 min. The results are in agreement with previous values obtained by different excitation methods.

  2. Cultura da Convergência

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Christofoletti

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Três idéias já seriam suficientes para que a leitura de “Culturada Convergência”, de Henry Jenkins, interessasse a jornalistas epesquisadores da área: a convergência midiática como um processo cultural; o fortalecimento de uma economia afetiva que orienta consumidores de bens simbólicos e criadores midiáticos; a expansão de formas narrativas transmidiáticas.

  3. File list: Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-6h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-6h_embryos dm3 TFs and others Embryo 1-6h embryos SRX033315,SRX0...26864 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-6h_embryos.bed ...

  4. SERS-active ZnO/Ag hybrid WGM microcavity for ultrasensitive dopamine detection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Junfeng; Xu, Chunxiang; Nan, Haiyan; Zhu, Qiuxiang; Qin, Feifei; Manohari, A. Gowri; Wei, Ming; Zhu, Zhu; Shi, Zengliang; Ni, Zhenhua

    2016-08-01

    Dopamine (DA) is a potential neuro modulator in the brain which influences a variety of motivated behaviors and plays a key role in life science. A hybrid ZnO/Ag microcavity based on Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) effect has been developed for ultrasensitive detection of dopamine. Utilizing this effect of structural cavity mode, a Raman signal of R6G (5 × 10-3 M) detected by this designed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-active substrate was enhanced more than 10-fold compared with that of ZnO film/Ag substrate. Also, this hybrid microcavity substrate manifests high SERS sensitivity to rhodamine 6 G and detection limit as low as 10-12 M to DA. The Localized Surface Plasmons of Ag nanoparticles and WGM-enhanced light-matter interaction mainly contribute to the high SERS sensitivity and help to achieve a lower detection limit. This designed SERS-active substrate based on the WGM effect has the potential for detecting neurotransmitters in life science.

  5. Genetic characterization of Brazilian bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates by partial nucleotide sequencing of the 5'-UTR region Caracterização genética de amostras brasileiras do vírus da diarréia viral bovina através do seqüenciamento parcial da Região 5'UTR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Cortez

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Nineteen isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV from Brazil were genetically characterized through partial nucleotide sequencing and analysis of the 5'UTR region. The isolates were grouped as BVDV-1 (11/19, BVDV-2 (6/19 or "atypical" pestivirus (2/19. Among the BVDV-1, eight isolates were classified as subgenotype BVDV-1a, whereas most (4 out of 6 BVDV-2 belonged to subgenotype 2b. Two isolates from aborted fetuses were not classified into any genetic group, being considered atypical BVDVs. Genetic diversity among Brazilian BVDV isolates may be responsible for vaccination and diag-nostic failure and therefore may influence the control strategies for BVDV infection in the country.Dezenove amostras do vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV foram caracterizadas geneticamente através do seqüenciamento parcial de nucleotídeos da Região 5'UTR. As amostras foram agrupadas em BVDV-1 (11/19, BVDV-2 (6/19 e num terceiro grupo de amostras denominadas "atípicas" (2/19. Das onze amostras genotipadas como BVDV-1, oito amostras foram sub-genotipadas como BVDV-1a, enquanto que a maioria (4/6 das amostras de BVDV-2 foi agrupada como BVDV-2b. Duas amostras provenientes de fetos bovinos abortados foram classificadas como atípicas, não BVDV-1 e 2. A presença da diversidade genética de BVDV detectada nas amostras estudadas pode ser responsável por falhas vacinais e de diagnóstico e deve influenciar nas estratégias de controle do BVDV aplicadas nas diferentes regiões brasileiras.

  6. A rapid lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 autoantibodies in human serum.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ingrid Kikkas

    Full Text Available Type 1 diabetes (T1D results from the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells and is strongly associated with the presence of islet autoantibodies. Autoantibodies to tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 (IA-2As are considered to be highly predictive markers of T1D. We developed a novel lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA based on a bridging format for the rapid detection of IA-2As in human serum samples. In this assay, one site of the IA-2As is bound to HA-tagged-IA-2, which is subsequently captured on the anti-HA-Tag antibody-coated test line on the strip. The other site of the IA-2As is bound to biotinylated IA-2, allowing the complex to be visualized using colloidal gold nanoparticle-conjugated streptavidin. For this study, 35 serum samples from T1D patients and 44 control sera from non-diabetic individuals were analyzed with our novel assay and the results were correlated with two IA-2A ELISAs. Among the 35 serum samples from T1D patients, the IA-2A LFIA, the in-house IA-2A ELISA and the commercial IA-2A ELISA identified as positive 21, 29 and 30 IA-2A-positive sera, respectively. The major advantages of the IA-2A LFIA are its rapidity and simplicity.

  7. Genetics Home Reference: hereditary sensory neuropathy type IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... sensory neuropathy type IA Hereditary sensory neuropathy type IA Printable PDF Open All Close All Enable Javascript ... expand/collapse boxes. Description Hereditary sensory neuropathy type IA is a condition characterized by nerve abnormalities in ...

  8. Uso de embalagens e refrigeração na conservação de atemóia Packing and refrigeration for atemoya preservation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Veruska Cruz Silva

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available O interesse comercial pela atemóia é crescente no Brasil. Sabe-se que é uma fruta com vida útil bastante limitada. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de atemóias cv. Gefner submetidas a embalagens e armazenamento refrigerado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 (três embalagens: controle (sem embalagem; embalados individualmente com filme de PVC; colocados em bandejas de poliestireno envolvidas com filme de PVC em cinco tempos de armazenamento, com três repetições. Avaliou-se a perda de massa fresca; coloração da casca e da polpa; Sólidos Solúveis (SS; Acidez Total Titulável (ATT; vitamina C; pH da polpa e atividade de água por ocasião da colheita, a cada três dias de armazenamento. O uso da atmosfera modificada não influenciou na coloração da casca, mas preservou a luminosidade da polpa e reduziu a perda de massa fresca dos frutos. Os teores de SS e ATT aumentaram durante o armazenamento, e foram maiores nos frutos sem embalagens, assim como o teor de vitamina C. O uso de refrigeração foi eficiente na conservação da atemóias 'Gefner', que, após 15 dias de armazenamento ainda apresentavam qualidade para serem comercializados.Despite the increasing commercial interest in atemoya in Brazil, this fruit has a very limited shelf-life. The present work intended to evaluate the storage of atemoya cv. Gefner under different packing systems and cold storage periods. A factorial of 3 x 5 completely randomized design was used (three packing systems: control (unpacked, individually packed with PVC films, and placed in polyester trays wrapped in PVC film for five different storage periods, with three replicates. Weight loss, skin and pulp color, Soluble Solids (SS, Total Tritable Acidity (TTA, vitamin C, pulp pH, and water activity at harvest were recorded every three days of storage. Modified atmosphere did not influence the skin color, but

  9. Facilitando a compreensão da segunda lei da termodinâmica

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveira, P.M.C. de; Dechoum, K.

    2003-01-01

    A idéia central desse artigo é chamar a atenção para o uso do diagrama T x s na descrição das máquinas térmicas reversíveis. Este diagrama mostra-se extremamente adequado e eficaz no ensino da segunda lei da tertermodinâmica dos processos reversíveis, no entanto uma escolha mostra-se mais apropriada que a outra quando se pretende salientar a universalidade dessa lei e não restringir a análise a uma substância de operação específica com é gás ideal. The central idea of this article is to ca...

  10. Critical analysis of IAS 2 „Stocks”, version of 2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mircea UNTARU

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available This research paper aims to achieving a comparative analysis of the two versions of IAS 2 „Stocks” (variants of 1993 and 2005. The research is part of a larger study regarding the accounting processes carried out for the acknowledgement and assessment of the company stock, and the purpose of the study is to develop a new framework methodology for the acknowledgement and assessment of stocks. The research is based on a series of work hypotheses: (I1 IAS 2 variant of 1993 needs to be reviewed according to the regulations and normatives in force; (I2 the necessity to review IAS variant of 1993 derives from the critics raised by the regulating authorities for stock and shares, by the professional accountants and by other interested parties, with regard to the reduction or elimination of alternatives, redundancies and conflicts from standards, and the solving of convergence issues; (I3 the 2005 variant of IAS 2 is the result of a limited reviewing of the 1993 variant of IAS 2, and needs to be further modified.

  11. Urbes industrializada: o modernismo e a paulicéia como ícone da brasilidade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pinto Maria Inez Machado Borges

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a participação da intelligentsia paulistana na configuração do regionalismo em São Paulo. O caráter contraditório da relação entre nacionalismo/regionalismo. O artigo tenta acompanhar essas questões ao longo da década de 1920, através do exame da obra de Mário de Andrade, em que as contradições apontadas afloram, bem como as vozes dissonantes de Antônio de Alcântara Machado, Manuel Bandeira, ou de cronistas obscuros, que se colocaram à margem da tensão cosmopolitismo - nacionalismo/regionalismo.

  12. Performance Reporting - The IASB's Proposed Formats of Financial Statements in the Exposure Draft of IAS1

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thinggaard, Frank; Wagenhofer, Alfred; Evans, Lisa

    2006-01-01

    This paper is a response to the Exposure Draft of proposed amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements published by the IASB in March 2006. The objective is to bring to the standard setter’s attention research that is relevant to the issues raised in the exposure draft. We review...

  13. Role of cytochrome P450 IA2 in acetanilide 4-hydroxylation as determined with cDNA expression and monoclonal antibodies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, G; Gelboin, H V; Myers, M J

    1991-02-01

    The role of P450 IA2 in the hydroxylation of acetanilide was examined using an inhibitory monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1-7-1 and vaccinia cDNA expression producing murine P450 IA1 (mIA1), murine P450 IA2 (mIA2), or human P450 IA2 (hIA2). Acetanilide hydroxylase (AcOH) activity was measured using an HPLC method with more than 500-fold greater sensitivity than previously described procedures. This method, which does not require the use of radioactive acetanilide, was achieved by optimizing both the gradient system and the amount of enzyme needed to achieve detection by uv light. MAb 1-7-1 inhibits up to 80% of the AcOH activity in both rat liver microsomes and cDNA expressed mouse and human P450 IA2. MAb 1-7-1, which recognizes both P450 IA1 and P450 IA2, completely inhibits the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity of cDNA expressed in IA1. The inhibition of only 80% of the AHH activity present in MC liver microsomes by MAb 1-7-1 suggests that additional P450 forms are contributing to the overall AHH activity present in methylcholanthrene (MC)-liver microsomes as MAb 1-7-1 almost completely inhibits the AHH activity of expressed mIA1. Maximal inhibition of IA2 by 1-7-1 results in an 80% decrease in acetanilide hydroxylase activity in both liver microsomes and expressed mouse and human IA2. The capacity of MAb 1-7-1 to produce identical levels of inhibition of acetanilide hydroxylase activity in rat MC microsomes (80%) and in expressed mouse (81%) and human P450 IA2 (80%) strongly suggests that P450 IA2 is the major and perhaps the only enzyme responsible for the metabolism of acetanilide. These results demonstrate the complementary utility of monoclonal antibodies and cDNA expression for defining the contribution of specific P450 enzymes to the metabolism of a given substrate. This complementary approach allows for a more precise determination of the inhibitory capacity of MAb with respect to the metabolic capacity of the target P450.

  14. [Ag(NH3)2]Ag(OsO3N)2: a new nitridoosmate(VIII)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wickleder, M.S.; Pley, Martin

    2004-01-01

    Dark brown single crystals of [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]Ag(OsO 3 N) 2 were obtained from the reaction of Ag 2 CO 3 , OsO 4 , and NH 3 in aqueous solution. The crystal structure was solved in the monoclinic space group C2/m, with the following unit-cell dimensions: a=1962.5(3), b=633.1(1), c=812.6(1) pm, β=96.71(1) deg. The final reliability factor was R=0.0256 for 1034 reflections with I>2σ(I). Linear [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] + ions are present oriented perpendicular to the [010] direction, leading to short Ag + -Ag + distances of 316 pm. A second type of Ag + ions in the crystal structure present coordination number '6+1' and are surrounded by oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the nitridoosmate groups. Within the first of the two crystallographically distinguishable anions one can clearly differentiate between oxygen and nitrogen atoms while the second one exhibits a N/O disorder over two positions. The infrared spectrum of [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]Ag(OsO 3 N) 2 shows the typical absorptions which can be attributed to the complex anions and the NH 3 ligands

  15. Sirtuin signaling controls mitochondrial function in glycogen storage disease type Ia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cho, Jun-Ho; Kim, Goo-Young; Mansfield, Brian C; Chou, Janice Y

    2018-05-08

    Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis and a long-term complication of hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HCA/HCC). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in GSD-Ia but the underlying mechanism and its contribution to HCA/HCC development remain unclear. We have shown that hepatic G6Pase-α deficiency leads to downregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling that underlies defective hepatic autophagy in GSD-Ia. SIRT1 is a NAD + -dependent deacetylase that can deacetylate and activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial integrity, biogenesis, and function. We hypothesized that downregulation of hepatic SIRT1 signaling in G6Pase-α-deficient livers impairs PGC-1α activity, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we show that the G6Pase-α-deficient livers display defective PGC-1α signaling, reduced numbers of functional mitochondria, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Overexpression of hepatic SIRT1 restores PGC-1α activity, normalizes the expression of electron transport chain components, and increases mitochondrial complex IV activity. We have previously shown that restoration of hepatic G6Pase-α expression normalized SIRT1 signaling. We now show that restoration of hepatic G6Pase-α expression also restores PGC-1α activity and mitochondrial function. Finally, we show that HCA/HCC lesions found in G6Pase-α-deficient livers contain marked mitochondrial and oxidative DNA damage. Taken together, our study shows that downregulation of hepatic SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling underlies mitochondrial dysfunction and that oxidative DNA damage incurred by damaged mitochondria may contribute to HCA/HCC development in GSD-Ia.

  16. Agências de viagens do futuro : um arquétipo para Portugal

    OpenAIRE

    Salvado, Josefina Olívia Marques Godinho

    2009-01-01

    A distribuição turística reconhece nos drivers da economia digital um efeito incentivador da produtividade e da rendibilidade, conduzindo a vantagens competitivas sustentáveis. O grande poder da Internet e a desregulamentação de alguns sectores económicos, veio revolucionar os conceitos de negócio, os processos organizacionais e sobretudo a gestão das cadeias de valor e de oferta das agências de viagens. A ampla tipologia de canais de retalho deste sector e as complexas relações entre eles, s...

  17. File list: Oth.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos dm3 TFs and others Embryo 1-3h embryos SRX474520,SRX4...74521,SRX474524,SRX474525 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Oth.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos.bed ...

  18. Select early type IA endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair will resolve without secondary intervention.

    Science.gov (United States)

    O'Donnell, Thomas F X; Corey, Michael R; Deery, Sarah E; Tsougranis, Gregory; Maruthi, Rohit; Clouse, W Darrin; Cambria, Richard P; Conrad, Mark F

    2018-01-01

    Although it is traditionally considered ominous, the natural history of early proximal attachment site endoleaks (IA) after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is not well known. Our aim was to identify risk factors for persistent type IA endoleaks and to determine their effect on long-term outcomes after EVAR. All patients who underwent infrarenal EVAR at a single institution between 1998 and 2015 were identified. Preoperative axial imaging and intraoperative arteriograms were reviewed, and those patients with a type IA endoleak were further studied. Aneurysm features were characterized by two reviewers and were studied for predictors of persistent endoleaks at the conclusion of the case. Patient records and the Social Security Death Index were used to record 1-year and overall survival. We identified 1484 EVARs, 122 (8%) of which were complicated by a type IA endoleak on arteriography after graft deployment, with a median follow-up of 4 years. The majority of patients underwent additional ballooning of the proximal site (52 [43%]) or placement of an aortic cuff (47 [39%]); 30 patients (25%) received a Palmaz stent, and four patients were treated with coils or anchors. At case end, only 43 (35%) of the type IA endoleaks remained; at 1 month, only 16 endoleaks persisted (13%), and only six persisted at 1 year (6%). In multivariable analysis, the only independent predictor of persistence of type IA endoleak at the conclusion of the case was the presence of extensive neck calcifications (odds ratio [OR], 9.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-67.9; P = .02). Thirteen patients (11%) underwent reintervention for type IA endoleaks, with a time frame ranging from 3 days postoperatively to 11 years. There were three patients (2.4%) who experienced aneurysm rupture. Postoperative type IA endoleak was associated with lower survival at 1 year (79% vs 91%; relative risk, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.4; P = .02), but it did not affect long-term survival (log-rank, P = .45

  19. LINKING TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA PROGENITORS AND THEIR RESULTING EXPLOSIONS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Foley, Ryan J.; Kirshner, Robert P.; Simon, Joshua D.; Burns, Christopher R.; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Hamuy, Mario; Morrell, Nidia I.; Phillips, Mark M.; Shields, Gregory A.; Sternberg, Assaf

    2012-01-01

    Comparing the ejecta velocities at maximum brightness and narrow circumstellar/interstellar Na D absorption line profiles of a sample of 23 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), we determine that the properties of SN Ia progenitor systems and explosions are intimately connected. As demonstrated by Sternberg et al., half of all SNe Ia with detectable Na D absorption at the host-galaxy redshift in high-resolution spectroscopy have Na D line profiles with significant blueshifted absorption relative to the strongest absorption component, which indicates that a large fraction of SN Ia progenitor systems have strong outflows. In this study, we find that SNe Ia with blueshifted circumstellar/interstellar absorption systematically have higher ejecta velocities and redder colors at maximum brightness relative to the rest of the SN Ia population. This result is robust at a 98.9%-99.8% confidence level, providing the first link between the progenitor systems and properties of the explosion. This finding is further evidence that the outflow scenario is the correct interpretation of the blueshifted Na D absorption, adding additional confirmation that some SNe Ia are produced from a single-degenerate progenitor channel. An additional implication is that either SN Ia progenitor systems have highly asymmetric outflows that are also aligned with the SN explosion or SNe Ia come from a variety of progenitor systems where SNe Ia from systems with strong outflows tend to have more kinetic energy per unit mass than those from systems with weak or no outflows.

  20. Cosmological parameter uncertainties from SALT-II type Ia supernova light curve models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mosher, J.; Sako, M.; Guy, J.; Astier, P.; Betoule, M.; El-Hage, P.; Pain, R.; Regnault, N.; Kessler, R.; Frieman, J. A.; Marriner, J.; Biswas, R.; Kuhlmann, S.; Schneider, D. P.

    2014-01-01

    We use simulated type Ia supernova (SN Ia) samples, including both photometry and spectra, to perform the first direct validation of cosmology analysis using the SALT-II light curve model. This validation includes residuals from the light curve training process, systematic biases in SN Ia distance measurements, and a bias on the dark energy equation of state parameter w. Using the SN-analysis package SNANA, we simulate and analyze realistic samples corresponding to the data samples used in the SNLS3 analysis: ∼120 low-redshift (z < 0.1) SNe Ia, ∼255 Sloan Digital Sky Survey SNe Ia (z < 0.4), and ∼290 SNLS SNe Ia (z ≤ 1). To probe systematic uncertainties in detail, we vary the input spectral model, the model of intrinsic scatter, and the smoothing (i.e., regularization) parameters used during the SALT-II model training. Using realistic intrinsic scatter models results in a slight bias in the ultraviolet portion of the trained SALT-II model, and w biases (w input – w recovered ) ranging from –0.005 ± 0.012 to –0.024 ± 0.010. These biases are indistinguishable from each other within the uncertainty; the average bias on w is –0.014 ± 0.007.

  1. Cosmological Parameter Uncertainties from SALT-II Type Ia Supernova Light Curve Models

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mosher, J. [Pennsylvania U.; Guy, J. [LBL, Berkeley; Kessler, R. [Chicago U., KICP; Astier, P. [Paris U., VI-VII; Marriner, J. [Fermilab; Betoule, M. [Paris U., VI-VII; Sako, M. [Pennsylvania U.; El-Hage, P. [Paris U., VI-VII; Biswas, R. [Argonne; Pain, R. [Paris U., VI-VII; Kuhlmann, S. [Argonne; Regnault, N. [Paris U., VI-VII; Frieman, J. A. [Fermilab; Schneider, D. P. [Penn State U.

    2014-08-29

    We use simulated type Ia supernova (SN Ia) samples, including both photometry and spectra, to perform the first direct validation of cosmology analysis using the SALT-II light curve model. This validation includes residuals from the light curve training process, systematic biases in SN Ia distance measurements, and a bias on the dark energy equation of state parameter w. Using the SN-analysis package SNANA, we simulate and analyze realistic samples corresponding to the data samples used in the SNLS3 analysis: ~120 low-redshift (z < 0.1) SNe Ia, ~255 Sloan Digital Sky Survey SNe Ia (z < 0.4), and ~290 SNLS SNe Ia (z ≤ 1). To probe systematic uncertainties in detail, we vary the input spectral model, the model of intrinsic scatter, and the smoothing (i.e., regularization) parameters used during the SALT-II model training. Using realistic intrinsic scatter models results in a slight bias in the ultraviolet portion of the trained SALT-II model, and w biases (w (input) – w (recovered)) ranging from –0.005 ± 0.012 to –0.024 ± 0.010. These biases are indistinguishable from each other within the uncertainty, the average bias on w is –0.014 ± 0.007.

  2. Effect of Mixed Glass Former on Ionic Conductivity of Silver Boron Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O-(B2O3:WO3)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dehariya, Harsha; Kumar, R; Polu, A R

    2012-01-01

    The idea to explore new 'Superionic Electrolytes', 'Fast ionic conductors' is due to their tremendous potential applications in solid state electrochemical devices viz. solid state batteries, fuel cells, sensors, super capacitors. Superionic glasses have attracted great deal of attention due to their several advantageous over their crystalline counterparts such as high ionic conductivity, easy preparation, wide selection of compositions, isotropic properties and high stability etc [4-7]. Large numbers of silver ion based glasses have been reported in the literature for the glassy system of AgI:Ag2O: MxOy (MxOy = B2O3, SiO2, P2O5, GeO2, V2O5, As2O5, CrO3, SeO2, MoO3 and TeO3 etc many of them shows high silver ion conductivity [8]. Ion transport behavior of Silver Boro Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O(B2O3:WO3)], where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 in molar wt% prepared by melt quench technique were reported. The new host [0.75AgI:0.25AgCl] was used as a better alternate in place of conventional host salt AgI. Conductivity measurement were carried out on this glass system as a function of frequency from 50 Hz to 5 MHz, over a temperature range of 27 C to 200 C, for different compositions by Impedance spectroscopy. The composition 0.7[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: 0.3[Ag2O(B2O3:WO3)] shows the highest conductivity of the order of σrt ∼ 2.76x10-2 S/cm, referred to as the Optimum Conducting Composition (OCC). The enhancement in the conductivity has been obtained by mixed former effect. XRD result shows that the system is completely amorphous. Temperature dependence of conductivity of all compositions were studied and reported. Activation energies (Ea) were also evaluated from the slope of .Log(σ) vs 1000/T, Arrhenius plots.

  3. Effect of Mixed Glass Former on Ionic Conductivity of Silver Boro Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O-{B2O3:WO3}

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dehariya, Harsha; Kumar, R.; Polu, A. R.

    2012-05-01

    The idea to explore new 'Superionic Electrolytes', "Fast ionic conductors" is due to their tremendous potential applications in solid state electrochemical devices viz. solid state batteries, fuel cells, sensors, super capacitors. Superionic glasses have attracted great deal of attention due to their several advantageous over their crystalline counterparts such as high ionic conductivity, easy preparation, wide selection of compositions, isotropic properties and high stability etc [4-7]. Large numbers of silver ion based glasses have been reported in the literature for the glassy system of AgI:Ag2O: MxOy (MxOy = B2O3, SiO2, P2O5, GeO2, V2O5, As2O5, CrO3, SeO2, MoO3 & TeO3 etc many of them shows high silver ion conductivity [8]. Ion transport behavior of Silver Boro Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O{B2O3:WO3}], where 0 <= x <= 1 in molar wt% prepared by melt quench technique were reported. The new host [0.75AgI:0.25AgCl] was used as a better alternate in place of conventional host salt AgI. Conductivity measurement were carried out on this glass system as a function of frequency from 50 Hz to 5 MHz, over a temperature range of 27°C to 200°C, for different compositions by Impedance spectroscopy. The composition 0.7[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: 0.3[Ag2O{B2O3:WO3}] shows the highest conductivity of the order of σrt ~ 2.76 × 10-2 S/cm, referred to as the Optimum Conducting Composition (OCC). The enhancement in the conductivity has been obtained by mixed former effect. XRD result shows that the system is completely amorphous. Temperature dependence of conductivity of all compositions were studied & reported. Activation energies (Ea) were also evaluated from the slope of .Log(σ) vs 1000/T, Arrhenius plots.

  4. O contato entre as formações Pirambóia e Botucatu na área de Ribeirão Preto (SP)

    OpenAIRE

    Massoli, Marcos; Caetano-Chang, Maria Rita [UNESP

    2007-01-01

    Em poços perfurados para captação de água subterrânea, na área urbana de Ribeirão Preto, foram encontrados arenitos grossos a conglomeráticos, subfeldspáticos, formando extensa camada com espessura média em torno de 30 metros. Estes arenitos têm sido considerados, em trabalhos mais recentes, como tendo sido depositados em leques aluviais, ao final da sedimentação da Formação Pirambóia, em diferentes áreas da região central e leste do Estado de São Paulo. Na área estudada, estes arenitos congl...

  5. File list: ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos dm3 All antigens Embryo 1-3h embryos SRX474520,SRX474...521,SRX474527,SRX474524,SRX474523,SRX474525 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos.bed ...

  6. Aspectos da tomografia computadorizada craniana na neurocisticercose na infância

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marilisa M. Guerreiro

    1989-06-01

    Full Text Available Os autores relatam aspectos tomográficos da neurocisticercose na infância a propósito da análise de 27 exames em 18 pacientes, que foram distribuídos em três grupos segundo o quadru clínico e os achados tomográficos. O grupo 1 foi caracterizado basicamente por epilepsias e calcificações. O grupo 2 caracterizou-se por hipertensão intracraniana e diversos aspectos tomográficos: edema, cistos e nódulos em três pacientes; hidrocefalia e calcificações em dois pacientes e normal em um paciente. O grupo 3 consistiu clinicamente de epilepsia e cefaléia, com vários padrões tomográficos. Os resultados são discutidos à luz da literatura disponível.

  7. Synthesis and characterizations of AgSCN nanospheres using AgCl as the precursor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang Ming; Ma Jing

    2009-01-01

    Nanospheres of AgSCN with an average radius of 30-80 nm have been prepared by a simple reaction between AgCl suspension and KSCN in the presence of gelatin. Gelatin played a decisive role as an inhibitor of the direct attack of SCN - ions to AgCl surfaces and coagulation of the growing AgSCN in producing the spherical AgSCN nanoparticles. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectra techniques. The electrical conductivity of thin films of as-prepared AgSCN nanoparticles and polyethylene oxide (PEO) at room temperature was measured. The maximum value of electrical conductivity of as-prepared AgSCN-PEO was 1.53 x 10 -5 S cm -1 .

  8. New approaches for modeling type Ia supernovae

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zingale, Michael; Almgren, Ann S.; Bell, John B.; Day, Marcus S.; Rendleman, Charles A.; Woosley, Stan

    2007-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are the largest thermonuclear explosions in the Universe. Their light output can be seen across great distances and has led to the discovery that the expansion rate of the Universe is accelerating. Despite the significance of SNe Ia, there are still a large number of uncertainties in current theoretical models. Computational modeling offers the promise to help answer the outstanding questions. However, even with today's supercomputers, such calculations are extremely challenging because of the wide range of length and timescales. In this paper, we discuss several new algorithms for simulations of SNe Ia and demonstrate some of their successes

  9. Adubação fosfatada na cultura da soja na microrregião do Alto Médio Gurguéia Phosphorus fertilization in the soybean crop at the micro region of Alto Médio Gurguéia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco de Alcântara Neto

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar algumas características biométricas e o rendimento de grãos de soja, cultivada em solo com baixo teor de fósforo e submetida a diferentes níveis de adubação fosfatada. Foi instalado um experimento no município de Gilbués-PI, na microrregião do Alto Médio Gurguéia, no Sul do Estado do Piauí, no período de dezembro de 2007 a abril de 2008, em um Latossolo Amarelo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por seis doses de fósforo (0; 40; 60; 100; 120 e 140 kg ha-1 de P2O5 com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados três caracteres: altura de plantas, altura de inserção da primeira vagem e rendimento de grãos. As doses de fósforo influenciaram de forma quadrática a altura das plantas, sendo que a altura máxima estimada foi de 56,69 cm, obtida com a dose de 95,60 kg ha-1 de P2O5. A altura de inserção da primeira vagem não respondeu à adubação fosfatada e sua média foi estimada em 10,64 cm. Houve resposta quadrática da produtividade de grãos às doses de fósforo, sendo que o rendimento máximo estimado foi de 2.614,7 kg de grãos de soja para a dose de 94,8 kg ha-1 de P2O5.The objective of this work was to evaluate some biometric characteristics and the soybean grain yield, cultivated in a soil with low content of phosphorus and submitted to different rates of phosphorus fertilization. The experiment was located in Gilbués-PI, South of the Piauí state, from December 2007 until April 2008, in an Oxisoil. The experiment followed a randomized blocks design, with the treatments arranged as six doses of phosphorus (0; 40; 60; 100; 120 and 140 kg ha-1 of P2O5 with four replications. It was evaluated the height of plants, height of first pod insertion and the grain yield. The levels of P had influenced as a quadratic response the height of the plants, being the maximum height estimated as 56.69 cm for the quantity of 95.60 kg ha

  10. The curious case of SN 2011dn: A very peculiar type Ia supernova?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rachubo, Alisa

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are excellent cosmological distance indicators due to the uniformity in their light curves, which led to the major discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe. However, SNe Ia are not so uniform as one may expect, as there are many peculiar SNe Ia that exhibit differences in their photometric and spectroscopic behavior from normal SNe Ia. One of the goals of supernova cosmology today is to produce a cleaner sample of SNe Ia without these peculiar SNe Ia. Here we consider SN 2011dn, a peculiar SN Ia candidate. In 2011, Salvo, et al. carried out a preliminary analysis of a subset of the data prescribed here, and identified spectral and photometric peculiarities in this object's evolution that warranted further analysis. Here, we present a complete re-reduction and reanalysis of B, V,R, and I photometry of SN 2011dn obtained at Mount Laguna Observatory, spanning from 7 days before maximum light in B to 88 days past maximum light. In addition, we also consider total flux spectra from 9 days before maximum light to 4 days after maximum light, along with ultraviolet (UV) photometry obtained with the Swift telescope. From SN 2011dn's optical spectra, we find that SN 2011dn most closely resembles a SN 1991T-like type Ia supernova ('91T-like SN Ia). Such SNe Ia are typically more luminous than normal SNe Ia, and possess broader (i.e., they decline less rapidly than normal from maximum light) light curves. Their Deltam15(B) (drop in B magnitude 15 days after maximum light) are typically significantly less than the canonical value of 1.1, and can be as low as 0.8. In the earlier preliminary analysis, Salvo et al. measured a surprisingly high Deltam15(B) value for SN 2011dn, of ˜ 1.1. Since SN 2011dn was embedded in UGC 11501 (its host galaxy), however, it is possible that some of the light from the host galaxy was included in the photometric aperture, resulting in inaccurate photometric measurements. Here, in order to better isolate the

  11. Enfrentamento de estresse no trabalho: relações entre idade, experiência, autoeficácia e agência

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arlete Portella Fontes

    Full Text Available Este trabalho constitui um estudo descritivo que investigou as relações entre as estratégias de enfrentamento de estresse no trabalho e o estresse percebido, a idade, o cargo e a experiência de trabalho, mediadas pelas crenças de autoeficácia e de agência, entre 71 líderes de uma companhia. Método: o trabalho incluiu um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, de escalas de avaliação do grau de estresse percebido, do enfrentamento no trabalho, de crenças de autoeficácia e de agência. O grau de estresse percebido foi 7(0-10. As estratégias de controle foram frequentemente utilizadas (M = 3,73 ; DP = ,49, esquiva, algumas vezes (M = 2,07 ; DP = ,50, e manejo de sintomas, raramente (M = 1,86 ; DP = ,44. A autoeficácia foi moderada (3,23, DP= 3,37. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre experiência de trabalho e autoeficácia (,27, autoeficácia e controle (,53, crenças de agência pessoal e controle e autoeficácia (,67 e ,57, respectivamente. A análise de regressão logística multivariada mostrou que líderes com escores mais altos em estratégias de controle apresentaram escores mais altos em autoeficácia e agência. Conclusão: os resultados apontam o valor da experiência de trabalho, da autoeficácia e da agência para o envelhecimento e o enfrentamento dos estressores de trabalho, principalmente em tarefas que envolvem risco de vida, mostrando que as organizações deveriam valorizar sua mão de obra madura.

  12. Efeito da associação da dieta, do ômega três, e de antioxidantes em cães portadores de doença renal crônica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pillar Gomide do Valle

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Com o Objetivo de avaliar a Contribuição da Associação medicamentosa de ômega-3, vitamina E, selenito de sodio, gluconato de cobre, gluconato de zinco, sulfato de condroitina e glucosamina (Gerioox®, 12 CAES oriundos do atendimento clínico ambulatorial fazer Veterinário hospitalar Uma Instituição Federal de de ensino superior, Portadores de Doença Crônica renal (RDC, were estudados. Were Realizados Exames de hemograma, Medida de Concentração sérica de calcio, fósforo, uréia creatinina, urinálise, Razão proteína creatinina urinaria (RPC e taxa de Filtração glomerular (TFG e os antes de iniciado o experimento (T0, apos 30 (T1 , 90 (T2 e 120 dias (T3. Houve Correlação negativa significativa (P <0,05 Entre um TFG ea RPC ea TFG e creatinina sérica e uréia (Quando um TFG apresentava-se Elevada, uma RPC, Assim Como ureia ea creatinina séricas encontravam-se diminuídas. Houve melhora do estado clínico dos patients estudados observado Pela Sinalização dos Tutores Informando melhora da Vitalidade e apetite e Pelas OBSERVAÇÕES Clínicas de melhora do estado Geral, da pelagem e dos Parâmetros analisados. A Associação de ômega-3, vitamina E, selenito de sodio, gluconato de cobre, gluconato de zinco, sulfato de condroitina e glucosamina revelou Ser hum Importante coadjuvante no Tratamento conservador da DRC de Cães, causando aumento da TFG com diminuição da proteinúria, significando Que houve Uma melhora na Qualidade da excreção, e NÃO UM aumento da excreção, Por Um Efeito indesejado de aumento da pressao glomerular.

  13. Genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV from Peru and Chile Diversidade genética de vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV do Peru e Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karl Ståhl

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Twenty-five BVDV strains, detected in serum from persistently infected cattle from Peru (n=15 and Chile (n=10 were genetically characterized. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 5' UTR showed that all 25 strains belonged to genotype 1. Twenty-three of the strains could further be subdivided into subtype 1b, and two out of ten Chilean strains into subtype 1a. In conclusion, in total 23 out of 25 strains analyzed were of genotype 1, subtype 1b. This is the predominant BVDV subtype in many countries all over the world, including USA. The close homology with previously described strains reflects the influence of livestock trade on the diversity of BVDV circulating within and between countries and continents. Peru and Chile have imported large numbers of cattle from USA and Europe, mostly with insufficient or lacking health documentation.Um total de 25 isolados do vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV, sendo 15 originarias do Peru e 10 do Chile foram sujeitas a caracterização genética. A árvore filogenética baseada na análise da região proximal não-codificante (5'UTR do genoma viral demonstrou que as 25 estirpes pertencem ao genótipo 1 do vírus BVD. Vinte e três destas estirpes puderam adicionalmente ser subdivididas no subtipo 1b, enquanto duas das 10 estirpes isolados provenientes do Chile foram identificadas como pertencentes ao subtipo 1a. Em conclusão, 23 de um total de 25 isolados analisados pertencem ao genótipo 1, subtipo 1b. Este é o subtipo de BVDV predominante em muitos países do mundo, incluindo os EUA. A elevada similaridade genética com isolados descritos anteriormente em outras regiões do mundo realça o papel do comércio internacional de gado no estabelecimento de diversidade genética do vírus BVD. Tanto o Peru como o Chile têm historia de importação de grandes quantidades de gado dos Estados Unidos e da Europa, no entanto sem suficiente documentação comprovativa do estado sanitário no que concerne a esta

  14. The cosmic transparency measured with Type Ia supernovae: implications for intergalactic dust

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goobar, Ariel; Dhawan, Suhail; Scolnic, Daniel

    2018-04-01

    Observations of high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are used to study the cosmic transparency at optical wavelengths. Assuming a flat ΛCDM cosmological model based on BAO and CMB results, redshift dependent deviations of SN Ia distances are used to constrain mechanisms that would dim light. The analysis is based on the most recent Pantheon SN compilation, for which there is a 0.03± 0.01 {(stat)} mag discrepancy in the distant supernova distance moduli relative to the ΛCDM model anchored by supernovae at z measurements can be modeled with a cosmic dust density Ω _IGM^dust = 8 \\cdot 10^{-5} (1+z)^{-1}, corresponding to an average attenuation of 2 . 10-5 mag Mpc-1 in V-band. Forthcoming SN Ia studies may provide a definitive measurement of the IGM dust properties, while still providing an unbiased estimate of cosmological parameters by introducing additional parameters in the global fits to the observations.

  15. Propriedades de chapas de flocos fabricadas com adesivo de uréia-formaldeído e de taninos da casca de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden ou de Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. Properties of flakeboards made from urea-formaldehyde and bark tannins adhesives of Eucalyptus grandis or Eucalyptus pellita

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available Os taninos foram extraídos da casca de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus pellita, com água quente, à qual se adicionaram 4,5% de sulfito de sódio, durante três horas. As temperaturas da solução foram iguais a 70 e 100 ºC para Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus pellita, respectivamente. Para a produção dos adesivos e com o intuito de reduzir a sua viscosidade, os taninos foram sulfitados com sulfito de sódio e ácido acético. Formulações adesivas foram preparadas adicionando-se 0, 25, 50, 75 ou 100% de adesivos tânicos ao adesivo comercial de uréia-formaldeído. Foram fabricadas chapas de flocos de Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Eucalyptus grandis, utilizando-se 8% da formulação adesiva. As propriedades das chapas foram determinadas segundo a norma ASTM D-1037, de 1993. Observou-se que as propriedades das chapas foram superiores ao mínimo estabelecido pela norma ANSI/A 280.1-93, exceto no caso da resistência à umidade. Verificou-se, ainda, que o emprego de uma formulação adesiva contendo resina à base de uréia-formaldeído e tanino-formaldeído pode melhorar algumas propriedades.Bark tannins of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus pellita were extracted with 4,5% sodium sulfite in hot water solution for a period of three hours. Solution temperatures were 70 and 100ºC, for Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus pellita bark respectively. Tannins were reacted with acetic acid and sodium sulfite to reduce adhesive viscosity. Adhesive formulations were prepared adding 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of tannin adhesives to the commercial urea-formaldehyde adhesive. Flakeboards were fabricated with 8% resin content. Board properties were determined according to ASTM D-1037 standards. Except for humidity, all board properties were superior to the values established by ANSI.A 208.1-93 commercial standard. Addition of tannins to the urea-formaldehyde adhesive improved some properties.

  16. Double-detonation model of type Ia supernovae with a variable helium layer ignition mass

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Wei-Hong; Zhao Gang; Wang Bo

    2014-01-01

    Although Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play an important role in the study of cosmology, their progenitors are still poorly understood. Thermonuclear explosions from the helium double-detonation sub-Chandrasekhar mass model have been considered as an alternative method for producing SNe Ia. By adopting the assumption that a double detonation occurs when a He layer with a critical ignition mass accumulates on the surface of a carbon—oxygen white dwarf (CO WD), we perform detailed binary evolution calculations for the He double-detonation model, in which a He layer from a He star accumulates on a CO WD. According to these calculations, we obtain the initial parameter spaces for SNe Ia in the orbital period and secondary mass plane for various initial WD masses. We implement these results into a detailed binary population synthesis approach to calculate SN Ia birthrates and delay times. From this model, the SN Ia birthrate in our Galaxy is ∼0.4 − 1.6 × 10 −3 yr −1 . This indicates that the double-detonation model only produces part of the SNe Ia. The delay times from this model are ∼ 70 – 710 Myr, which contribute to the young population of SNe Ia in the observations. We found that the CO WD + sdB star system CD–30 11223 could produce an SN Ia via the double-detonation model in its future evolution. (research papers)

  17. Controlling interface oxygen for forming Ag ohmic contact to semi-polar (1 1 -2 2) plane p-type GaN

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Jae-Seong; Han, Jaecheon; Seong, Tae-Yeon

    2014-11-01

    Low-resistance Ag ohmic contacts to semi-polar (1 1 -2 2) p-GaN were developed by controlling interfacial oxide using a Zn layer. The 300 °C-annealed Zn/Ag samples showed ohmic behavior with a contact resistivity of 6.0 × 10-4 Ω cm2 better than that of Ag-only contacts (1.0 × 10-3 Ω cm2). The X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that annealing caused the indiffusion of oxygen at the contact/GaN interface, resulting in the formation of different types of interfacial oxides, viz. Ga-oxide and Ga-doped ZnO. Based on the XPS and electrical results, the possible mechanisms underlying the improved electrical properties of the Zn/Ag samples are discussed.

  18. No Contribution of GAD-65 and IA-2 Autoantibodies around Time of Diagnosis to the Increasing Incidence of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thorsen, Steffen U.; Pipper, Christian B.; Mortensen, Henrik B.

    2016-01-01

    Aims. A new perspective on autoantibodies as pivotal players in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has recently emerged. Our key objective was to examine whether increased levels of autoantibodies against the β-cell autoantigens glutamic acid decarboxylase (isoform 65) (GADA) and insulinoma...... associated antigen-2A (IA-2A) mirrored the 3.4% annual increase in incidence of T1D. Methods. From the Danish Childhood Diabetes Register, we randomly selected 500 patients and 500 siblings for GADA and IA-2A analysis (1997 through 2005). Blood samples were taken within three months after onset. A robust log...

  19. THE EFFECT OF HOST GALAXIES ON TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE IN THE SDSS-II SUPERNOVA SURVEY

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lampeitl, Hubert; Smith, Mathew; Nichol, Robert C.; Bassett, Bruce; Cinabro, David; Dilday, Benjamin; Jha, Saurabh W.; Foley, Ryan J.; Frieman, Joshua A.; Garnavich, Peter M.; Goobar, Ariel; Nordin, Jakob; Im, Myungshin; Marriner, John; Miquel, Ramon; Oestman, Linda; Riess, Adam G.; Sako, Masao; Schneider, Donald P.; Sollerman, Jesper

    2010-01-01

    We present an analysis of the host galaxy dependences of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) from the full three year sample of the SDSS-II Supernova Survey. We re-discover, to high significance, the strong correlation between host galaxy type and the width of the observed SN light curve, i.e., fainter, quickly declining SNe Ia favor passive host galaxies, while brighter, slowly declining Ia's favor star-forming galaxies. We also find evidence (at between 2σ and 3σ) that SNe Ia are ≅0.1 ± 0.04 mag brighter in passive host galaxies than in star-forming hosts, after the SN Ia light curves have been standardized using the light-curve shape and color variations. This difference in brightness is present in both the SALT2 and MCLS2k2 light-curve fitting methodologies. We see evidence for differences in the SN Ia color relationship between passive and star-forming host galaxies, e.g., for the MLCS2k2 technique, we see that SNe Ia in passive hosts favor a dust law of R V = 1.0 ± 0.2, while SNe Ia in star-forming hosts require R V = 1.8 +0.2 -0.4 . The significance of these trends depends on the range of SN colors considered. We demonstrate that these effects can be parameterized using the stellar mass of the host galaxy (with a confidence of >4σ) and including this extra parameter provides a better statistical fit to our data. Our results suggest that future cosmological analyses of SN Ia samples should include host galaxy information.

  20. Produção de fitomassa e atributos químicos do solo sob cultivo em aléias e sob vegetação nativa de cerrado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. L. Mafra

    1998-03-01

    Full Text Available Os sistemas agroflorestais podem aliar produção de alimentos com conservação dos recursos naturais, buscando economia de fertilizantes a partir da reciclagem de nutrientes. A produção de fitomassa e o aporte de nutrientes foram quantificados num cultivo em aléias e em área de vegetação nativa de cerrado em Botucatu (SP, com vistas em verificar as influências do sistema agroflorestal nos atributos químicos do solo. A leucena foi plantada em linhas em 1987, com espaçamento de 6 m, após calagem e aplicação de P. As linhas da leguminosa foram podadas anualmente, permitindo o cultivo intercalar de centeio + aveia e milho + feijão, durante a estação seca e chuvosa, respectivamente. A produção anual de fitomassa no sistema agroflorestal foi de 11.036 kg ha-1 de massa seca, com um aporte mineral pelas plantas de (kg ha-1 149,0 de N, 9,4 de P, 70,0 de K, 75,2 de Ca e 31,1 de Mg. O pH do solo e os teores de Ca e Mg nesse sistema foram superiores aos do cerrado, o que se atribuiu ao efeito do calcário. A adubação verde, principalmente a fitomassa da leucena, colaborou na alteração dos teores de matéria orgânica, N e P no solo sob cultivo em aléias.

  1. ON THE RATES OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE IN DWARF AND GIANT HOSTS WITH ROTSE-IIIb

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quimby, Robert M.; Yuan Fang; Akerlof, Carl; Wheeler, J. Craig; Warren, Michael S.

    2012-01-01

    We present a sample of 23 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that were discovered in the background of galaxy clusters targeted by ROTSE-IIIb and use up to 18 of these to determine the local (z-bar 0.05) volumetric rate. Since our survey is flux limited and thus biased against fainter objects, the pseudo-absolute magnitude distribution (pAMD) of SNe Ia in a given volume is an important concern, especially the relative frequency of high- to low-luminosity SNe Ia. We find that the pAMD derived from the volume-limited Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) sample is incompatible with the distribution of SNe Ia in a volume-limited (z B > –16) galaxies, whereas only 1 out of 79 nearby SDSS-II SNe Ia have such faint hosts. It is possible that previous works have undercounted either low-luminosity SNe Ia, SNe Ia in low-luminosity hosts, or peculiar SNe Ia (sometimes explicitly), and the total SNe Ia rate may be higher than the canonical value.

  2. File list: ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-2h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-2h_embryos dm3 All antigens Embryo 1-2h embryos SRX197579,SRX197...583,SRX197580,SRX197581,SRX197584,SRX197578,SRX197582,SRX197577 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-2h_embryos.bed ...

  3. Effect of cysteine and humic acids on bioavailability of Ag from Ag nanoparticles to a freshwater snail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luoma, Samuel N.; Tasha Stoiber,; Croteau, Marie-Noele; Isabelle Romer,; Ruth Merrifeild,; Lead, Jamie

    2016-01-01

    Metal-based engineered nanoparticles (NPs) will undergo transformations that will affect their bioavailability, toxicity and ecological risk when released to the environment, including interactions with dissolved organic material. The purpose of this paper is to determine how interactions with two different types of organic material affect the bioavailability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Silver uptake rates by the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were determined after exposure to 25 nmol l-1 of Ag as PVP AgNPs, PEG AgNPs or AgNO3, in the presence of either Suwannee River humic acid or cysteine, a high-affinity thiol-rich organic ligand. Total uptake rate of Ag from the two NPs was either increased or not strongly affected in the presence of 1 – 10 mg 1-1 humic acid. Humic substances contain relatively few strong ligands for Ag explaining their limited effects on Ag uptake rate. In contrast, Ag uptake rate was substantially reduced by cysteine. Three components of uptake from the AgNPs were quantified in the presence of cysteine using a biodynamic modeling approach: uptake of dissolved Ag released by the AgNPs, uptake of a polymer or large (>3kD) Ag-cysteine complex and uptake of the nanoparticle itself. Addition of 1:1 Ag:cysteine reduced concentrations of dissolved Ag, which contributed to, but did not fully explain the reductions in uptake. A bioavailable Ag-cysteine complex (> 3kD) appeared to be the dominant avenue of uptake from both PVP AgNPs and PEG AgNPs in the presence of cysteine. Quantifying the different avenues of uptake sets the stage for studies to assess toxicity unique to NPs.

  4. Chaves dicotómicas ilustradas: sua aplicação à reserva botânica de Tróia

    OpenAIRE

    Aurélio, José Manuel

    2009-01-01

    A disciplina de Ciências Naturais constitui um espaço privilegiado para o desenvolvimento de actividades que possam usar a biodiversidade vegetal como recurso para a educação ambiental, em virtude de nela serem abordados muitos conteúdos da área do Ambiente, em geral, e da Ecologia em particular. Esta dissertação, ao utilizar como pano de fundo a Reserva Botânica das Dunas de Tróia (RBT) pretende contribuir para a sua conservação/gestão e perspectivá-la em termos de educação ambiental nas ...

  5. A HISTÓRIA DA APPLE COMPUTER

    OpenAIRE

    Gustavo Franco; Carlos Henrique Cirino Lacerda; Carlos Filipe de Oliveira Pedrosa; Bruno da Silva Chiriu; Antonio Marcos Pereira; Sergio Luiz; Vinícius José Andrade Silveira

    2006-01-01

    Este artigo pretende mostrar os fatos e caminhos seguidos pela empresa de computadores Apple e seus fundadores no decorrer de sua história. Tem também o objetivo de relatar os desfechos e as grandes idéias que fizeram da Apple uma das maiores empresas fabricantes de softwares e computadores pessoais, desde sua criação em 1976.

  6. Photocatalytic oxidation removal of Hg"0 using ternary Ag/AgI-Ag_2CO_3 hybrids in wet scrubbing process under fluorescent light

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Anchao; Zhang, Lixiang; Chen, Xiaozhuan; Zhu, Qifeng; Liu, Zhichao; Xiang, Jun

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Ag/AgI-Ag_2CO_3 hybrids were employed for Hg"0 removal under fluorescent light. • Superoxide radical (·O_2"−) played a key role in Hg"0 removal. • NO exhibited a significant effect on Hg"0 removal in comparison to SO_2. • The mechanism for enhanced Hg"0 removal over Ag/AgI-Ag_2CO_3 was proposed. - Abstract: A series of ternary Ag/AgI-Ag_2CO_3 photocatalysts synthesized using a facile coprecipitation method were employed to investigate their performances of Hg"0 removal in a wet scrubbing reactor. The hybrids were characterized by N_2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, SEM-EDS, HRTEM, XPS, DRS and ESR. The photocatalytic activities of Hg"0 removal were evaluated under fluorescent light. The results showed that AgI content, fluorescent light irradiation, reaction temperature all showed significant influences on Hg"0 removal. NO exhibited significant effect on Hg"0 removal in comparison to SO_2. Among these ternary Ag/AgI-Ag_2CO_3 hybrids, Ag/AgI(0.1)-Ag_2CO_3 showed the highest Hg"0 removal efficiency, which could be ascribed to the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs between AgI and Ag_2CO_3 and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect in the visible region by metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag"0 NPs). The trapping studies of reactive radicals showed that the superoxide radicals (·O_2"−) may play a key role in Hg"0 removal under fluorescent light. According to the experimental and characterization results, a possible photocatalytic oxidation mechanism for enhanced Hg"0 removal over Ag/AgI(0.1)-Ag_2CO_3 hybrid under fluorescent light was proposed.

  7. Arcabouço teórico para os estudos de governança corporativa: os pressupostos subjacentes à teoria da agência A theoretical framework for corporate governance studies: agency theory assumptions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laíse Ferraz Correia

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available O propósito deste ensaio consiste em fornecer uma contribuição para o desenvolvimento e fundamentação da pesquisa em governança corporativa, mediante a apresentação dos pressupostos subjacentes à Teoria da Agência, que constitui um dos arcabouços teóricos mais utilizados nos estudos sobre o tema, mas que é, muitas vezes, abordado de forma incompleta. Assim, este trabalho buscou preencher um pouco essa lacuna nos estudos de governança, mediante a discussão dos principais pilares da Teoria da Agência, isto é, as suposições acerca do comportamento dos indivíduos nas organizações; a repartição das etapas do processo decisório, que se traduz na delegação de autoridade aos administradores (agentes; a importância do conhecimento específico; os custos de agência oriundos da distribuição do poder de decisão a indívíduos racionais, que detêm o conhecimento requerido pela organização; e os mecanismos de controle do comportamento dos administradores. A partir dos elementos essenciais dessa teoria, são desenvolvidos os mecanismos de governança corporativa, os quais visam melhorar a performance das firmas.The agency theory, an important theoretical framework in the area of corporate governance, was discussed as a contribution for development of this subject. The foundations, assumptions and building blocks of the agency theory, frequently used in research on this subject, are often only partially addressed. An effort was made to bridge this gap in governance studies by discussing pillars of the agency theory, that is to say, assumptions about the nature of human behavior in organizations, the way organizations allocate steps in the decision making process across agents, the relevance of specific knowledge required , the agency costs arising from diffusion of decision functions among rational agents with the specific knowledge required, and decision control mechanisms for opportunistic behavior of agents, were included

  8. DOMINGOS JOSÉ GONÇALVES DE MAGALHÃES E A HISTÓRIA DA LITERATURA DO BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LUIZ ROBERTO CAIRO

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho pretende refletir sobre algumas idéias de Gonçalves de Magalhães a respeito da historiografia literária nacional, a partir da leitura de seu texto “Ensaio sobre a História da Literatura no Brasil”, espécie de manifesto romântico brasileiro, publicado em Paris, na Niterói, Revista Brasiliense (1836.

  9. Type Ia Supernovae: Energetics, Neutronization and Nucleosynthesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Truran, James W.; Calder, Alan C.; Townsley, Dean M.; Seitenzahl, Ivo R.; Peng, Fang; Vladimirova, Natalia; Lamb, Donald Q.; Brown, Edward F.

    2007-01-01

    The utility of Type Ia supernovae, not simply as probes of the distance scale but also as a means of constraining the properties of dark energy, demands a significant improvement in theoretical predictions of their properties in outburst. To this end, we have given substantial effort to quantifying the energetics and nucleosynthesis properties of deflagration fronts in the interiors of the putative carbon-oxygen white dwarf progenitors of Type Ia thermonuclear supernovae. We briefly review some essential features of our flame model and its properties in this paper and discuss its implications both for our multidimensional numerical simulations of SNe Ia and for nucleosynthesis (specifically 56Ni production) in SNe Ia and Galactic chemical evolution

  10. A Odisséia da Imagem: Freud, Lacan e a Arte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Sklar

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Ousando se aproximar de outras áreas do conhecimento, a psicanálise foi também marcada, como atestam inúmeros ensaios psicanalíticos, pelo alto apreço de Freud e Lacan em relação à arte. Um deles, percorrendo as adjacências entre o discurso freudiano, a teoria lacaniana e o mundo artístico, é considerado neste artigo: O Espaço Imanente (Rio de Janeiro: Imago, 1989. Este livro se aventura pelas longas divagações estético-freudianas, revendo as análises sobre o Moisés de Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci e a Gradiva de W.Jensen e os comentários de Lacan sobre o quadro de Hans Holbein, Os Embaixadores. Delas, rediscute a concepção de uma psicanálise da arte em torno da cisão entre o concreto, visível ou “externo” (o que existe concretamente na escultura de Michelangelo, na pintura de Da Vinci, no delírio do protagonista de Jensen, no quadro de Holbein, e o mental ou “interno” (o que torna a realidade pensada ou representada. Na contramarcha desta posição, assinala como o externo torna-se, também, condição para que o artista possa criar “internamente”. Insólito na leitura psicanalítica que sustenta, este ensaio agrega ao ar de liberdade que insufla a criação do artista diante de sua obra, traduzindo um aparente rompimento ou descompromisso dos conteúdos artísticos com qualquer ocorrência concreta, a organização física ou imanente dos objetos que se encontram na realidade.

  11. Sn-In-Ag phase equilibria and Sn-In-(Ag)/Ag interfacial reactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Sinnwen; Lee Wanyu; Hsu Chiaming; Yang Chingfeng; Hsu Hsinyun; Wu Hsinjay

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → Thermodynamic models of Sn-In and Sn-In-Ag are developed using the CALPHAD approach. → Reaction layer in the Sn-In-(Ag)/Ag couples at 100 deg. C is thinner than those at 25 deg. C, 50 deg. C, and 75 deg. C. → Reactions in the Sn-20 wt%In-2.8 wt%Ag/Ag couples are faster than those in the Sn-20 wt%In/Ag couples. - Abstract: Experimental verifications of the Sn-In and Sn-In-Ag phase equilibria have been conducted. The experimental measurements of phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties are used for thermodynamic modeling by the CALPHAD approach. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results. Interfacial reactions in the Sn-In-(Ag)/Ag couples have been examined. Both Ag 2 In and AgIn 2 phases are formed in the Sn-51.0 wt%In/Ag couples reacted at 100 and 150 deg. C, and only the Ag 2 In phase is formed when reacted at 25, 50 and 75 deg. C. Due to the different growth rates of different reaction phases, the reaction layer at 100 deg. C is thinner than those at 25 deg. C, 50 deg. C, and 75 deg. C. In the Sn-20.0 wt%In/Ag couples, the ζ phase is formed at 250 deg. C and ζ/AgIn 2 phases are formed at 125 deg. C. Compared with the Sn-20 wt%In/Ag couples, faster interfacial reactions are observed in the Sn-20.0 wt%In-2.8 wt%Ag/Ag couples, and minor Ag addition to Sn-20 wt%In solder increases the growth rates of the reaction phases.

  12. Heresia da letra sem corpo e do espírito errante - uma leitura do romance As Iniciais, de Bernardo Carvalho

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cid Ottoni Bylaardt

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Este texto pretende desenvolver a idéia de perturba- ção democrática da letra órfã, postulada por Jacques Rancière, passando pelas concepções de escrita de Homero, Platão e Aristóteles. A errância da letra sem pai que a proteja conduz à idéia de supressão das belas-letras, com a instauração da literatura, que proclama sua autonomia em detrimento do edifício mimético. Essas concepções nortearão a averiguação que se conduzirá sobre a narrativa As iniciais, de Bernardo Carvalho, cuja dispersão encena textos desvinculados do mito, da alegoria e da história. Palavras-chave: errância, heresia, letra sem pai, Rancière, As iniciais, Bernardo Carvalho

  13. HOW TO FIND GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goldstein, Daniel A.; Nugent, Peter E.

    2017-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that are multiply imaged by gravitational lensing can extend the SN Ia Hubble diagram to very high redshifts ( z ≳ 2), probe potential SN Ia evolution, and deliver high-precision constraints on H _0, w , and Ω_m via time delays. However, only one, iPTF16geu, has been found to date, and many more are needed to achieve these goals. To increase the multiply imaged SN Ia discovery rate, we present a simple algorithm for identifying gravitationally lensed SN Ia candidates in cadenced, wide-field optical imaging surveys. The technique is to look for supernovae that appear to be hosted by elliptical galaxies, but that have absolute magnitudes implied by the apparent hosts’ photometric redshifts that are far brighter than the absolute magnitudes of normal SNe Ia (the brightest type of supernovae found in elliptical galaxies). Importantly, this purely photometric method does not require the ability to resolve the lensed images for discovery. Active galactic nuclei, the primary sources of contamination that affect the method, can be controlled using catalog cross-matches and color cuts. Highly magnified core-collapse SNe will also be discovered as a byproduct of the method. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we forecast that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope can discover up to 500 multiply imaged SNe Ia using this technique in a 10 year z -band search, more than an order of magnitude improvement over previous estimates. We also predict that the Zwicky Transient Facility should find up to 10 multiply imaged SNe Ia using this technique in a 3 year R -band search—despite the fact that this survey will not resolve a single system.

  14. Reflexos da pós-modernidade no direito

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveira, Andressa Caroline de

    2013-01-01

    A pós-modernidade representa uma forte crítica ao imperialismo da razão instrumental e a incredulidade em relação às utopias da modernidade e seu respectivo projeto. Nesse contexto de crise e mudança representado pela era pós-moderna , seus reflexos no direito não podem ser negados. A idéia de verdade sempre esteve intimamente associada à noção de justiça, o motivo pelo qual o processo, como forma do exercício do poder jurisdicional, adotou a concretização da justiça baseada...

  15. Embryo quality of mice (“Mus musculus” fed royal jelly Qualidade embrionária de camundongos ("Mus musculus" suplementados com geléia real

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno Edésio dos Santos Melo

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available The study was carried out to verify the effect of feeding royal jelly associated to follicle growth induction on number and quality of mice (Mus musculus embryos. Sixty Swiss females ageing from eight to ten weeks were distributed into three treatments: the first one, composed by animals fed 0.2 mL of physiological solution intraperitoneal (control group, n=20; the second and third ones, composed by females fed 0.5 and 1.0 mg of royal jelly diluted in 0.2 mL of physiological solution (n=20, respectively. Royal jelly was administered during 15 days, followed by the follicular growth induction process. Embryos were collected 68 hours after mating, by uterine flushing. No treatment effects on the number of females that answered to superovulatory process, the number of total recovery structures, the number of viable and non viable structures and the morphological quality of viable embryos (P>0.05 were observed. Therefore, royal jelly doses used were not efficient to increase the number of embryos and to improve the quality recovery from superovulated mice.Objetivou-se verificar a influência da geléia real, associada ao tratamento de indução de crescimento folicular, no número e na qualidade de embriões de camundongos (Mus musculus. Foram utilizadas 60 fêmeas da linhagem Suíço albino com idade entre oito e dez semanas, distribuídas em três tratamentos: o primeiro, composto por animais que receberam 0,2 mL de solução fisiológica, via intraperitonial (grupo controle, n=20; o segundo e terceiro, compostos de fêmeas que receberam 0,5 e 1 mg de geléia real diluídos em 0,2 mL de solução fisiológica via intraperitonial (n=20, respectivamente. Foi administrada geléia real por um período de 15 dias, segundo o processo de indução do crescimento folicular. As coletas dos embriões ocorreram 68 horas após a cobertura, utilizando-se o método da lavagem uterina. Não houve diferença no número de fêmeas que responderam ao tratamento

  16. Agronomic performance, chromosomal stability and resistance to velvetbean caterpillar of transgenic soybean expressing cry1Ac gene Performance agronômica, estabilidade cromossômica e resistência à lagarta-da-soja em soja transgênica que expressa o gene cry1Ac

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milena Schenkel Homrich

    2008-07-01

    ênies transgênicas também foram avaliadas quanto à resistência a A. gemmatalis, em bioensaios in vitro e in vivo. Dois controles negativos foram utilizados nos bioensaios: uma linha transgênica homozigota, com apenas o gene repórter gusA, e plantas de 'IAS 5' não transgênicas. A presença do transgene cry1Ac não afetou nem o desenvolvimento nem a produtividade das plantas. As plantas transgênicas apresentaram cariótipo normal. No bioensaio com folhas destacadas, as plantas cry1Ac exibiram completa eficácia contra A. gemmatalis, enquanto os controles negativos foram significativamente danificados. Ensaios com plantas inteiras confirmaram a elevada proteção do cry1Ac contra a lagarta-da-soja, enquanto as plantas 'IAS 5' não transgênicas e a linha homozigota gusA exibiram 56.5 e 71.5% de desfolhação, respectivamente. A presença do transgene cry1Ac não afeta a performance agronômica da soja (incluindo a produtividade e confere elevada proteção a A. gemmatalis.

  17. AGS experiments -- 1991, 1992, 1993

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Depken, J.C.

    1994-04-01

    This report contains: (1) FY 1993 AGS schedule as run; (2) FY 1994--95 AGS schedule; (3) AGS experiments ≥ FY 1993 (as of 30 March 1994); (4) AGS beams 1993; (5) AGS experimental area FY 1991 physics program; (6) AGS experimental area FY 1992 physics program; (7) AGS experimental area FY 1993 physics program; (8) AGS experimental area FY 1994 physics program (planned); (9) a listing of experiments by number; (10) two-page summaries of each experiment; (11) listing of publications of AGS experiments; and (12) listing of AGS experiments

  18. A simple solution-phase approach to synthesize high quality ternary AgInSe2 and band gap tunable quaternary AgIn(S1-xSe x)2 nanocrystals

    KAUST Repository

    Bai, Tianyu

    2014-01-01

    A facile solution-phase route for the preparation of AgInSe2 nanocrystals was developed by using silver nitrate, indium stearate, and oleylamine-selenium (OAm-Se) as precursors. The evolution process of the AgInSe2 nanocrystals is discussed in detail and different reaction conditions all have a great impact on the growth and morphology of the nanocrystals. Alloyed AgIn(S1-xSex)2 nanocrystals with controlled composition across the entire range (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) was also successfully prepared by modulating the S/Se reactant mole ratio. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to confirm that the alloyed AgIn(S1-xSex)2 nanocrystals are homogeneous. The UV-vis absorption spectra revealed that the band gap energies of the alloyed AgIn(S1-xSex)2 nanocrystals could be continuously tuned by increasing the Se content. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014.

  19. Intelligent Autonomous Systems 11: IAS-11

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Christensen, H.I.; Groen, F.; Petriu, E.

    2010-01-01

    This volume contains the proceedings of the eleventh International Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems (IAS-11) at the University of Ottawa in Canada. As ever, the purpose of the IAS conference is to bring together leading international researchers with an interest in all aspects of the

  20. Cataclysmic Variables as Supernova Ia Progenitors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stella Kafka

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Although the identification of the progenitors of type Ia supernovae (SNeIa remains controversial, it is generally accepted that they originate from binary star systems in which at least one component is a carbon-oxygen white dwarf (WD; those systems are grouped under the wide umbrella of cataclysmic variables. Current theories for SNeIa progenitors hold that, either via Roche lobe overflow of the companion or via a wind, the WD accumulates hydrogen or helium rich material which is then burned to C and O onto the WD’s surface. However, the specifics of this scenario are far from being understood or defined, allowing for a wealth of theories fighting for attention and a dearth of observations to support them. I discuss the latest attempts to identify and study those controversial SNeIa progenitors. I also introduce the most promising progenitor in hand and I present observational diagnostics that can reveal more members of the category.

  1. IMPROVED DARK ENERGY CONSTRAINTS FROM ∼100 NEW CfA SUPERNOVA TYPE Ia LIGHT CURVES

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hicken, Malcolm; Challis, Peter; Kirshner, Robert P.; Wood-Vasey, W. Michael; Blondin, Stephane; Jha, Saurabh; Kelly, Patrick L.; Rest, Armin

    2009-01-01

    We combine the CfA3 supernovae Type Ia (SN Ia) sample with samples from the literature to calculate improved constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter, w. The CfA3 sample is added to the Union set of Kowalski et al. to form the Constitution set and, combined with a BAO prior, produces 1 + w = 0.013 +0.066 -0.068 (0.11 syst), consistent with the cosmological constant. The CfA3 addition makes the cosmologically useful sample of nearby SN Ia between 2.6 and 2.9 times larger than before, reducing the statistical uncertainty to the point where systematics play the largest role. We use four light-curve fitters to test for systematic differences: SALT, SALT2, MLCS2k2 (R V = 3.1), and MLCS2k2 (R V = 1.7). SALT produces high-redshift Hubble residuals with systematic trends versus color and larger scatter than MLCS2k2. MLCS2k2 overestimates the intrinsic luminosity of SN Ia with 0.7 V = 3.1 overestimates host-galaxy extinction while R V ∼ 1.7 does not. Our investigation is consistent with no Hubble bubble. We also find that, after light-curve correction, SN Ia in Scd/Sd/Irr hosts are intrinsically fainter than those in E/S0 hosts by 2σ, suggesting that they may come from different populations. We also find that SN Ia in Scd/Sd/Irr hosts have low scatter (0.1 mag) and reddening. Current systematic errors can be reduced by improving SN Ia photometric accuracy, by including the CfA3 sample to retrain light-curve fitters, by combining optical SN Ia photometry with near-infrared photometry to understand host-galaxy extinction, and by determining if different environments give rise to different intrinsic SN Ia luminosity after correction for light-curve shape and color.

  2. O Mercosul e a Alca: os interesses (irreconciliáveis da União Européia e dos EUA Mercosur and FTAA: the conflicting interests of the European Union and the United States

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Messias de Sá Pinto

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Os interesses dos EUA na América Latina e a criação da Alca são fatores determinantes para explicar o propósito da União Européia de estabelecer um Acordo de Associação com o Mercosul. Enquanto que à UE interessa o alargamento do Mercosul, os EUA preferem, por meio da criação da Alça, induzir a sua dissolução e retirar vantagens da integração assimétrica. O nosso objetivo é demonstrar que, face aos cenários possíveis de evolução dos entendimentos regionais na América Latina, o mais plausível (co-existência do Mercosul, do Acordo de Associação UE/Mercosul, e da Alca é também aquele que permite reconciliar os interesses da UE e dos EUA na região.The interests of the United States in Latin America and the creation of the FTAA are two determinant factors in explaining the European Union intention to establish an Association Agreement with Mercosur. While the European Union is interested in the Mercosur enlargement, the US prefer, through the creation of the FTAA, to induce its dissolution and obtain advantages from asymmetric integration. Our purpose is to demonstrate that, given the possible scenarios of evolution in regional agreements in Latin America, the most plausible (co-existence of Mercosur, EU/Mercosur Association Agreement and FTAA is also the one that allows for a reconciliation of EU and US interests in the region.

  3. Search for surviving companions in type Ia supernova remnants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pan, Kuo-Chuan; Ricker, Paul M.; Taam, Ronald E.

    2014-01-01

    The nature of the progenitor systems of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is still unclear. One way to distinguish between the single-degenerate scenario and double-degenerate scenario for their progenitors is to search for the surviving companions (SCs). Using a technique that couples the results from multi-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations with calculations of the structure and evolution of main-sequence- (MS-) and helium-rich SCs, the color and magnitude of MS- and helium-rich SCs are predicted as functions of time. The SC candidates in Galactic type Ia supernova remnants (Ia SNR) and nearby extragalactic Ia SNRs are discussed. We find that the maximum detectable distance of MS SCs (helium-rich SCs) is 0.6-4 Mpc (0.4-16 Mpc), if the apparent magnitude limit is 27 in the absence of extinction, suggesting that the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds and the Andromeda Galaxy are excellent environments in which to search for SCs. However, only five Ia SNRs have been searched for SCs, showing little support for the standard channels in the singe-degenerate scenario. To better understand the progenitors of SNe Ia, we encourage the search for SCs in other nearby Ia SNRs.

  4. Two populations of progenitors for Type Ia supernovae?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mannucci, F.; Della Valle, M.; Panagia, N.

    2006-08-01

    We use recent observations of the evolution of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate with redshift, the dependence of the SN Ia rate on the colours of the parent galaxies, and the enhancement of the SN Ia rate in radio-loud early-type galaxies to derive on robust empirical grounds, the delay time distribution (DTD) between the formation of the progenitor star and its explosion as an SN. Our analysis finds: (i) delay times as long as 3-4 Gyr, derived from observations of SNe Ia at high redshift, cannot reproduce the dependence of the SN Ia rate on the colours and on the radio-luminosity of the parent galaxies, as observed in the local Universe; (ii) the comparison between observed SN rates and a grid of theoretical `single-population' DTDs shows that only a few of them are possibly consistent with observations. The most successful models are all predicting a peak of SN explosions soon after star formation and an extended tail in the DTD, and can reproduce the data but only at a modest statistical confidence level; (iii) present data are best matched by a bimodal DTD, in which about 50 per cent of SNe Ia (dubbed `prompt' SNe Ia) explode soon after their stellar birth, in a time of the order of 108 yr, while the remaining 50 per cent (`tardy' SNe Ia) have a much wider distribution, well described by an exponential function with a decay time of about 3 Gyr. The presence in the DTD of both a strong peak at early times and a prolonged exponential tail, coupled with the well-established bimodal distribution of the decay rate (Δm15) and the systematic difference observed in the expansion velocities of the ejecta of SNe Ia in ellipticals and spirals, suggests the existence of two classes of progenitors. We discuss the cosmological implications of this result and make simple predictions, which are testable with future instrumentation.

  5. An Analysis of Department of Defense Instruction 8500.2 'Information Assurance (IA) Implementation.'

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Campbell, Philip LaRoche

    2012-01-01

    The Department of Defense (DoD) provides its standard for information assurance in its Instruction 8500.2, dated February 6, 2003. This Instruction lists 157 'IA Controls' for nine 'baseline IA levels.' Aside from distinguishing IA Controls that call for elevated levels of 'robustness' and grouping the IA Controls into eight 'subject areas' 8500.2 does not examine the nature of this set of controls, determining, for example, which controls do not vary in robustness, how this set of controls compares with other such sets, or even which controls are required for all nine baseline IA levels. This report analyzes (1) the IA Controls, (2) the subject areas, and (3) the Baseline IA levels. For example, this report notes that there are only 109 core IA Controls (which this report refers to as 'ICGs'), that 43 of these core IA Controls apply without variation to all nine baseline IA levels and that an additional 31 apply with variations. This report maps the IA Controls of 8500.2 to the controls in NIST 800-53 and ITGI's CoBIT. The result of this analysis and mapping, as shown in this report, serves as a companion to 8500.2. (An electronic spreadsheet accompanies this report.)

  6. RRR and thermal conductivity of Ag and Ag0.2wt%Mg alloy in Ag/Bi-2212 wires

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Pei [Fermilab; Ye, L. [North Carolina State U.; Jiang. J., Jiang. J. [Natl. High Mag. Field Lab.; Shen, T. [Fermilab

    2015-08-19

    The residual resistivity ratio (RRR) and thermal conductivity of metal matrix in metal/superconductor composite wires are important parameters for designing superconducting magnets. However, the resistivity of silver in reacted Ag/Bi-2212 wires has yet to be determined over temperature range from 4.2 K to 80 K because Bi-2212 filaments have a critical transition temperature Tc of ~ 80 K, and because it is unknown whether the RRR of Ag/Bi-2212 degrades with Cu diffusing from Bi-2212 filaments into silver sheathes at elevated temperatures and to what degree it varies with heat treatment. We measured the resistivity of stand-alone Ag and AgMg (Ag-0.2wt%Mg) wires as well as the resistivity of Ag and Ag- 0.2wt%Mg in the state-of-the-art Ag/Bi-2212 round wires reacted in 1 bar oxygen at 890 °C for 1, 8, 24 and 48 hours and quickly cooled to room temperature. The heat treatment was designed to reduce the critical current Ic of Bi-2212 wires to nearly zero while allowing Cu loss to fully manifest itself. We determined that pure silver exhibits a RRR of ~ 220 while the oxide-dispersion strengthened AgMg exhibits a RRR of ~ 5 in stand-alone samples. A surprising result is that the RRR of silver in the composite round wires doesn’t degrade with extended time at 890 °C for up to 48 hours. This surprising result may be explained by our observation that the Cu that diffuses into the silver tends to form Cu2O precipitates in oxidizing atmosphere, instead of forming Ag-Cu solution alloy. We also measured the thermal conductivity and the magneto-resistivity of pure Ag and Ag-0.2 wt%Mg from 4.2 K to 300 K in magnetic fields up to 14.8 T and summarized them using a Kohler plot.

  7. Hyperinducibility of Ia antigen on astrocytes correlates with strain-specific susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Massa, P.T.; ter Meulen, V.; Fontana, A.

    1987-01-01

    In search of a phenotypic marker determining genetically controlled susceptibility to delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in the brain-in particular, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)- the authors have compared the γ-interferon (IFN-γ) induction of Ia molecules on astrocytes and macrophages from rat and mouse strains that are susceptible or resistant to this disease. They focused on Ia expression because DTH reactions to self or foreign antigens are largely mediated by lymphocytes restricted by class II (Ia) antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The data demonstrate that Lewis (fully susceptible) and Brown Norway (BN) (fully resistant) rats are very different in that Lewis astrocytes express much higher levels of Ia than BN astrocytes. Similar data were obtained from an analysis of EAE-susceptible and -resistant mouse strains (SJL and BALB/c, respectively), which suggest that this phenomenon may be universal and not limited to only one mammalian species. At least one gene responsible for Ia hyperinduction is located outside the rat RT-1 or the mouse MHC locus. Animals congenic at the RT-1 or MHC locus of the resistant strain but with background genes of the susceptible strain exhibit intermediate levels of Ia compared to fully resistant and susceptible rodents, which fits well with the reduced EAE susceptibility of these congenic animals. Furthermore, hyperinduction of Ia is astrocyte specific, since peritoneal macrophages of susceptible and resistant strains exhibit identical profiles of Ia induction. Thus, astrocyte Ia hyperinducibility may be a major strain- and tissue-specific factor that contributes to Ia-restricted DTH reactions in the brain

  8. HOW TO FIND GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Goldstein, Daniel A.; Nugent, Peter E. [Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 (United States)

    2017-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that are multiply imaged by gravitational lensing can extend the SN Ia Hubble diagram to very high redshifts ( z ≳ 2), probe potential SN Ia evolution, and deliver high-precision constraints on H {sub 0}, w , and Ω{sub m} via time delays. However, only one, iPTF16geu, has been found to date, and many more are needed to achieve these goals. To increase the multiply imaged SN Ia discovery rate, we present a simple algorithm for identifying gravitationally lensed SN Ia candidates in cadenced, wide-field optical imaging surveys. The technique is to look for supernovae that appear to be hosted by elliptical galaxies, but that have absolute magnitudes implied by the apparent hosts’ photometric redshifts that are far brighter than the absolute magnitudes of normal SNe Ia (the brightest type of supernovae found in elliptical galaxies). Importantly, this purely photometric method does not require the ability to resolve the lensed images for discovery. Active galactic nuclei, the primary sources of contamination that affect the method, can be controlled using catalog cross-matches and color cuts. Highly magnified core-collapse SNe will also be discovered as a byproduct of the method. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we forecast that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope can discover up to 500 multiply imaged SNe Ia using this technique in a 10 year z -band search, more than an order of magnitude improvement over previous estimates. We also predict that the Zwicky Transient Facility should find up to 10 multiply imaged SNe Ia using this technique in a 3 year R -band search—despite the fact that this survey will not resolve a single system.

  9. (0 0 1) textured CoPt-Ag nanocomposite films for high-density perpendicular magnetic recording

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xue, S.X.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.B.; Yang, F.J.; Wang, J.A.; Cao, X.; Gao, Y.; Huang, Z.B.; Li, Z.Y.; Li, Q.; Wong, S.P.

    2006-01-01

    CoPt/Ag nanocomposite films were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The dependence of texture and magnetic properties on film thickness, Ag atomic fraction and annealing conditions is investigated. Films with a thickness about 20 nm are easy to form with (0 0 1) orientation. The existence of the Ag in the film plays a dominant role in inducing the (0 0 1) texture of the film and suppressing the growth of the CoPt grains during annealing. The Co 35 Pt 38 Ag 27 film after annealing at 600 deg. C exhibits a large perpendicular coercivity of 5.6 kOe and a squareness of 0.90 with a small average grains size of 12.5 nm

  10. Type Ia Supernova Light Curve Inference: Hierarchical Models for Nearby SN Ia in the Optical and Near Infrared

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mandel, Kaisey; Kirshner, R. P.; Narayan, G.; Wood-Vasey, W. M.; Friedman, A. S.; Hicken, M.

    2010-01-01

    I have constructed a comprehensive statistical model for Type Ia supernova light curves spanning optical through near infrared data simultaneously. The near infrared light curves are found to be excellent standard candles (sigma(MH) = 0.11 +/- 0.03 mag) that are less vulnerable to systematic error from dust extinction, a major confounding factor for cosmological studies. A hierarchical statistical framework incorporates coherently multiple sources of randomness and uncertainty, including photometric error, intrinsic supernova light curve variations and correlations, dust extinction and reddening, peculiar velocity dispersion and distances, for probabilistic inference with Type Ia SN light curves. Inferences are drawn from the full probability density over individual supernovae and the SN Ia and dust populations, conditioned on a dataset of SN Ia light curves and redshifts. To compute probabilistic inferences with hierarchical models, I have developed BayeSN, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm based on Gibbs sampling. This code explores and samples the global probability density of parameters describing individual supernovae and the population. I have applied this hierarchical model to optical and near infrared data of over 100 nearby Type Ia SN from PAIRITEL, the CfA3 sample, and the literature. Using this statistical model, I find that SN with optical and NIR data have a smaller residual scatter in the Hubble diagram than SN with only optical data. The continued study of Type Ia SN in the near infrared will be important for improving their utility as precise and accurate cosmological distance indicators.

  11. AVALIAÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS E ESTABILIDADE DE GELÉIAS LIGHT DE MORANGO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. C. ZAMBIAZI

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available

    As geléias são uma alternativa de aproveitamento de frutos, possibilitando sua utilização, maior oferta e qualidade na comercialização. O grau de alteração depende das condições do tratamento aos quais as frutas são submetidas . O trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as características (físico-químicas e sensoriais e estabilidade de geléias light durante 120 dias de armazenamento. Neste trabalho foram elaboradas quatro formulações de geléias de morango, sendo uma convencional e três light. Nas formulações light o teor de sacarose foi reduzido em 35% em relação à formulação convencional, sendo que a doçura foi reposta pelo uso dos edulcorantes ciclamato e sacarina. Após o processamento e durante o armazenamento, nas condições ambientes, das geléias avaliou-se o conteúdo de umidade, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores, açúcares nãoredutores, sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez e fluidez, além da avaliação sensorial de aceitabilidade e em relação aos atributos de textura, doçura, odor, sabor geral, sabor residual e sabor ácido. As geléias light apresentam uma boa opção para o aproveitamento do morango e inserção de novos produtos no mercado, por apresentarem características similares com o produto convencional e boa aceitação pelo consumidor, sendo que a melhor combinação de edulcorantes utilizada foi com edulcorante ciclamato, usado isoladamente ou em associação com a sacarina.

  12. Host galaxies of type ia supernovae from the nearby supernova factory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Childress, Michael Joseph

    Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) are excellent distance indicators, yet the full details of the underlying physical mechanism giving rise to these dramatic stellar deaths remain unclear. As large samples of cosmological SNe Ia continue to be collected, the scatter in brightnesses of these events is equally affected by systematic errors as statistical. Thus we need to understand the physics of SNe Ia better, and in particular we must know more about the progenitors of these SNe so that we can derive better estimates for their true intrinsic brightnesses. The host galaxies of SNe Ia provide important indirect clues as to the nature of SN Ia progenitors. In this Thesis we utilize the host galaxies of SNe Ia discovered by the Nearby Supernova Factory (SNfactory) to pursue several key investigations into the nature of SN Ia progenitors and their effects on SN Ia brightnesses. We first examine the host galaxy of SN 2007if, an important member of the subclass of SNe Ia whose extreme brightnesses indicate a progenitor that exceeded the canonical Chandrasekhar-mass value presumed for normal SNe Ia, and show that the host galaxy of this SN is composed of very young stars and has extremely low metallicity, providing important constraints on progenitor scenarios for this SN. We then utilize the full sample of SNfactory host galaxy masses (measured from photometry) and metallicities (derived from optical spectroscopy) to examine several global properties of SN Ia progenitors: (i) we show that SN Ia hosts show tight agreement with the normal galaxy mass-metallicity relation; (ii) comparing the observed distribution of SN Ia host galaxy masses to a theoretical model that couples galaxy physics to the SN Ia delay time distribution (DTD), we show the power of the SN Ia host mass distribution in constraining the SN Ia DTD; and (iii) we show that the lack of ultra-low metallicities in the SNfactory SN Ia host sample gives provisional support for the theorized low-metallicity inhibition of

  13. Da integração para a inclusão?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andréas Hinz

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Entrevista com os professores Andréas Hinz e Inês Boban,da Martin-Luther-Univesity, Halle-Wittenberg, Alemanha, em 2004.Traduzido e adaptado para o português pelo Prof. Dr. Hugo Otto BeyerO texto que segue tem suas idéias resumidas a partir da entrevista com os professores Andréas Hinz e Inês Boban. Algumas das idéias que podem ser destacadas são: 1. A importância de não se classificar as crianças conforme suas deficiências ou “necessidades especiais”. 2. Há uma clara diferença quanto aos conceitos e práxis do projeto de integração escolar e de inclusão escolar, o que o quadro abaixo ajuda a ilustrar e nos fazer entender. 3. Um importante conceito para se pensar é o das diferenças entre as crianças como fator de crescimento nas relações interpessoais, fragilizando-se o conceito de normalidade e anormalidade. 4. Nas situações de inclusão escolar não se defende a idéia de um currículo modificado para as crianças com limitações estruturais/funcionais, porém o mesmo currículo é referenciado para todas as crianças, evidentemente com determinadas adaptações. 5. Propõe-se uma ação pedagógica conjunta, entre os professores, sem cair em definições unilaterais ou hierárquicas de funções. 6. Por último, define-se uma educação em cujo espaço de reflexão teórica e de práxis haja uma síntese da educação especial com a pedagogia.Palavras-chave: Inclusão. Ação Pedagógica. Deficiência.

  14. Ag induced electromagnetic interference shielding of Ag-graphite/PVDF flexible nanocomposites thinfilms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumaran, R.; Alagar, M.; Dinesh Kumar, S.; Subramanian, V.; Dinakaran, K.

    2015-09-01

    We report Ag nanoparticle induced Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding in a flexible composite films of Ag nanoparticles incorporated graphite/poly-vinylidene difluoride (PVDF). PVDF nanocomposite thin-films were synthesized by intercalating Ag in Graphite (GIC) followed by dispersing GIC in PVDF. The X-ray diffraction analysis and the high-resolution transmission electron microscope clearly dictate the microstructure of silver nanoparticles in graphite intercalated composite of PVDF matrix. The conductivity values of nanocomposites are increased upto 2.5 times when compared to neat PVDF having a value of 2.70 S/cm at 1 MHz. The presence of Ag broadly enhanced the dielectric constant and lowers the dielectric loss of PVDF matrix proportional to Ag content. The EMI shielding effectiveness of the composites is 29.1 dB at 12.4 GHz for the sample having 5 wt. % Ag and 10 wt. % graphite in PVDF.

  15. Abundance Tomography of Type Ia Supernovae

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stehle, M.; Mazzali, P.A.; Hillebrandt, W.

    2005-01-01

    An analysis of early time spectra of Type Ia Supernovae is presented. A new method to derive a detailed abundance distribution of the SN ejecta through comparison with synthetic spectra, called 'Abundance Tomography' is introduced and applied to the normal SN Ia 2002bo. Conclusions regarding the explosion mechanism are drawn

  16. Possíveis etapas na patogênese da cefaléia tensional e indicações de tratamento Tension headache: possible pathogenic stages and its relations with therapeutic agents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ceme Ferreira Jordy

    1995-09-01

    Full Text Available Análise de resultados obtidos no estudo de uma série de 100 pacientes com diagnóstico de cefaléia tensional permitem sugerir 5 etapas de um processo fisiopatogênico implicado. Com base nesta sugestão, a indicação para o tratamento e respectiva eficácia, dependerão da etapa patogênica sobre a qual se pretenda fazer incidir a ação terapêutica.Five steps in the pathogenic process involved in the tension headache pathogenesis are suggested from a 100 patients clinical study. Therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of the tension headache is considered to be linked to the relation between the therapeutic agent and the stage in which it has focused its effect, in the pathogenic process.

  17. LA NORME IAS 1 : PRESENTATION DES ETATS FINANCIERS. EXAMEN DES COMMENT LETTERS DU DISCUSSION PAPER DE L'IASB EN DATE D'OCTOBRE 2008.

    OpenAIRE

    Dufour , Dominique; Falcou , Sylvain; Severin , Eric

    2010-01-01

    International audience; The aim of this work is the Discussion paper of the IAS from october 2008. We present the propositions of this Discussion paper and give a synthesis of the Comment letters.; Cette contribution a pour objet le Discussion Paper de l'IASB consacré au projet IAS 1. Nous présentons le projet de l'IASB ainsi que les réponses apparaissant au sein des Comment letters

  18. Patterned sensory nerve stimulation enhances the reactivity of spinal Ia inhibitory interneurons.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kubota, Shinji; Hirano, Masato; Morishita, Takuya; Uehara, Kazumasa; Funase, Kozo

    2015-03-25

    Patterned sensory nerve stimulation has been shown to induce plastic changes in the reciprocal Ia inhibitory circuit. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes have not yet been elucidated in detail. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the reactivity of Ia inhibitory interneurons could be altered by patterned sensory nerve stimulation. The degree of reciprocal Ia inhibition, the conditioning effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the soleus (SOL) muscle H-reflex, and the ratio of the maximum H-reflex amplitude versus maximum M-wave (H(max)/M(max)) were examined in 10 healthy individuals. Patterned electrical nerve stimulation was applied to the common peroneal nerve every 1 s (100 Hz-5 train) at the motor threshold intensity of tibialis anterior muscle to induce activity changes in the reciprocal Ia inhibitory circuit. Reciprocal Ia inhibition, the TMS-conditioned H-reflex amplitude, and H(max)/M(max) were recorded before, immediately after, and 15 min after the electrical stimulation. The patterned electrical nerve stimulation significantly increased the degree of reciprocal Ia inhibition and decreased the amplitude of the TMS-conditioned H-reflex in the short-latency inhibition phase, which was presumably mediated by Ia inhibitory interneurons. However, it had no effect on H(max)/M(max). Our results indicated that patterned sensory nerve stimulation could modulate the activity of Ia inhibitory interneurons, and this change may have been caused by the synaptic modification of Ia inhibitory interneuron terminals. These results may lead to a clearer understanding of the spinal cord synaptic plasticity produced by repetitive sensory inputs. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. A batuta da morte a orquestrar a vida

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Altair Macedo Lahud Loureiro

    Full Text Available Com colocações de outros estudiosos da morte, teço e apresento apontamentos rápidos sobre a morte a organizar a vida. Esposo a idéia da necessidade da morte para que a vida tenha sentido nesta busca humana da completude. Endereço o olhar para uma situação especial de relação com a morte: a reação dos que ficam ao presenciar e sentir a morte de um dos seus idosos; daquele familiar, ou não, que assume o seu cuidado e acompanha o seu fim iminente; que presencia, humanamente impotente, a hora da solitária partida. Solitária morte, pois que exclusiva, própria daquele idoso do qual cuidava, do seu fim natural, por ser humano.

  20. Operational calibration and validation of landsat data continuity mission (LDCM) sensors using the image assessment system (IAS)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Micijevic, Esad; Morfitt, Ron

    2010-01-01

    Systematic characterization and calibration of the Landsat sensors and the assessment of image data quality are performed using the Image Assessment System (IAS). The IAS was first introduced as an element of the Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) ground segment and recently extended to Landsat 4 (L4) and 5 (L5) Thematic Mappers (TM) and Multispectral Sensors (MSS) on-board the Landsat 1-5 satellites. In preparation for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), the IAS was developed for the Earth Observer 1 (EO-1) Advanced Land Imager (ALI) with a capability to assess pushbroom sensors. This paper describes the LDCM version of the IAS and how it relates to unique calibration and validation attributes of its on-board imaging sensors. The LDCM IAS system will have to handle a significantly larger number of detectors and the associated database than the previous IAS versions. An additional challenge is that the LDCM IAS must handle data from two sensors, as the LDCM products will combine the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) spectral bands.

  1. Measurements of the Rate of Type Ia Supernovae at Redshift z < ~0.3 from the SDSS-II Supernova Survey

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dilday, Benjamin; /Rutgers U., Piscataway /Chicago U. /KICP, Chicago; Smith, Mathew; /Cape Town U., Dept. Math. /Portsmouth U.; Bassett, Bruce; /Cape Town U., Dept. Math. /South African Astron. Observ.; Becker, Andrew; /Washington U., Seattle, Astron. Dept.; Bender, Ralf; /Munich, Tech. U. /Munich U. Observ.; Castander, Francisco; /Barcelona, IEEC; Cinabro, David; /Wayne State U.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; /UC, Berkeley; Frieman, Joshua A.; /Chicago U. /Fermilab; Galbany, Lluis; /Barcelona, IFAE; Garnavich, Peter M.; /Notre Dame U. /Stockholm U., OKC /Stockholm U.

    2010-01-01

    We present a measurement of the volumetric Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate based on data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey II (SDSS-II) Supernova Survey. The adopted sample of supernovae (SNe) includes 516 SNe Ia at redshift z {approx}< 0.3, of which 270 (52%) are spectroscopically identified as SNe Ia. The remaining 246 SNe Ia were identified through their light curves; 113 of these objects have spectroscopic redshifts from spectra of their host galaxy, and 133 have photometric redshifts estimated from the SN light curves. Based on consideration of 87 spectroscopically confirmed non-Ia SNe discovered by the SDSS-II SN Survey, we estimate that 2.04{sub -0.95}{sup +1.61}% of the photometric SNe Ia may be misidentified. The sample of SNe Ia used in this measurement represents an order of magnitude increase in the statistics for SN Ia rate measurements in the redshift range covered by the SDSS-II Supernova Survey. If we assume a SN Ia rate that is constant at low redshift (z < 0.15), then the SN observations can be used to infer a value of the SN rate of r{sub V} = (2.69{sub -0.30-0.01}{sup +0.34+0.21}) x 10{sup -5} SNe yr{sup -1} Mpc{sup -3} (H{sub 0}/(70 km s{sup -1} Mpc{sup -1})){sup 3} at a mean redshift of {approx} 0.12, based on 79 SNe Ia of which 72 are spectroscopically confirmed. However, the large sample of SNe Ia included in this study allows us to place constraints on the redshift dependence of the SN Ia rate based on the SDSS-II Supernova Survey data alone. Fitting a power-law model of the SN rate evolution, r{sub V} (z) = A{sub p} x ((1+z)/(1+z{sub 0})){sup {nu}}, over the redshift range 0.0 < z < 0.3 with z{sub 0} = 0.21, results in A{sub p} = (3.43{sub -0.15}{sup +0.15}) x 10{sup -5} SNe yr{sup -1} Mpc{sup -3} (H{sub 0}/(70 km s{sup -1} Mpc{sup -1})){sup 3} and {nu} = 2.04{sub -0.89}{sup +0.90}.

  2. Tunneling-recombination luminescence between Ag0 and Ag2+ in KCl:AgCl

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Delbecq, C.J.; Dexter, D.L.; Yuster, P.H.

    1978-01-01

    Appropriate treatment of a KCl:AgCl crystal results in the trapping of electrons as silver atoms, Ag 0 , and positive holes as AgCl 4 2- , Ag 2+ , centers. Optical excitation of Ag 0 in such a crystal at T 0 and Ag 2+ pairs, similar to the Ag 0 -Cl 2 - tunneling-recombination studies we previously reported. We have shown that Ag 2+ centers are involved in the emission process by preferentially orienting the anisotropic Ag 2+ at 6 K by excitation with polarized light and observing that the afterglow is polarized. Upon warming to 50 K, where the preferentially oriented Ag 2+ can change orientation, a strong reversal in the degree of polarization occurs which finally decays to zero. The characteristics of this luminescence can be understood if we assume: (i) a tunneling-recombination mechanism in which the orientation of the electric vector of the emitted radiation depends on the position of the Ag 0 relative to the Ag 2+ and (ii) the tunneling is anisotropic and depends on the location of the Ag 0 relative to the anisotropic Ag 2+ . The latter assumption is based on the tetragonal (d-like) symmetry of the Ag 2+ complex. Good quantitative agreement between theory and experiment has been obtained on the decay kinetics, the degree of polarization, and the polarization reversal

  3. Steady state creep during metastable phase transition in Al-16 wt% Ag and Al-16 wt% Ag-0.1 wt% Zr alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Deaf, G.H.; Youssef, S.B.; Mahmoud, M.A. [Ain Shams Univ., Cairo (Egypt). Dept. of Physics

    1998-08-16

    The early stages of decomposition of Guinier-Preston zones (G.P. zones) in Al-16 wt% Ag and Al-16 wt% Ag-0.1 wt% Zr alloys were investigated through creep measurements and electron microscopy observations. It was found that the strengthening and softening of the alloys has been achieved during the formation of metastable phases (G.P. zones and {gamma}`-phase) in the ageing temperature range (428 to 498 K). TEM investigations confirmed that the addition of zirconium to the Al-Ag alloy accelerates the formation and coarsening of the metastable phases. The mean values of activation energy of both alloys were found to be equal to that quoted for precipitate-dislocation interactions. (orig.) 23 refs.

  4. NEUTRONIZATION DURING CARBON SIMMERING IN TYPE IA SUPERNOVA PROGENITORS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martínez-Rodríguez, Héctor; Badenes, Carles [Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (United States); Piro, Anthony L. [Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101 (United States); Schwab, Josiah, E-mail: hector.mr@pitt.edu [Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)

    2016-07-01

    When a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitor first ignites carbon in its core, it undergoes ∼10{sup 3}–10{sup 4} years of convective burning prior to the onset of thermonuclear runaway. This carbon simmering phase is important for setting the thermal profile and composition of the white dwarf. Using the MESA stellar evolution code, we follow this convective burning and examine the production of neutron-rich isotopes. The neutron content of the SN fuel has important consequences for the ensuing nucleosynthesis, and in particular, for the production of secondary Fe-peak nuclei like Mn and stable Ni. These elements have been observed in the X-ray spectra of SN remnants like Tycho, Kepler, and 3C 397, and their yields can provide valuable insights into the physics of SNe Ia and the properties of their progenitors. We find that weak reactions during simmering can at most generate a neutron excess of ≈ 3 × 10{sup −4}. This is ≈ 70% lower than that found in previous studies that do not take the full density and temperature profile of the simmering region into account. Our results imply that the progenitor metallicity is the main contributor to the neutron excess in SN Ia fuel for Z ≳ 1/3 Z {sub ⊙}. Alternatively, at lower metallicities, this neutron excess provides a floor that should be present in any centrally-ignited SN Ia scenario.

  5. NEUTRONIZATION DURING CARBON SIMMERING IN TYPE IA SUPERNOVA PROGENITORS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martínez-Rodríguez, Héctor; Badenes, Carles; Piro, Anthony L.; Schwab, Josiah

    2016-01-01

    When a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitor first ignites carbon in its core, it undergoes ∼10 3 –10 4 years of convective burning prior to the onset of thermonuclear runaway. This carbon simmering phase is important for setting the thermal profile and composition of the white dwarf. Using the MESA stellar evolution code, we follow this convective burning and examine the production of neutron-rich isotopes. The neutron content of the SN fuel has important consequences for the ensuing nucleosynthesis, and in particular, for the production of secondary Fe-peak nuclei like Mn and stable Ni. These elements have been observed in the X-ray spectra of SN remnants like Tycho, Kepler, and 3C 397, and their yields can provide valuable insights into the physics of SNe Ia and the properties of their progenitors. We find that weak reactions during simmering can at most generate a neutron excess of ≈ 3 × 10 −4 . This is ≈ 70% lower than that found in previous studies that do not take the full density and temperature profile of the simmering region into account. Our results imply that the progenitor metallicity is the main contributor to the neutron excess in SN Ia fuel for Z ≳ 1/3 Z ⊙ . Alternatively, at lower metallicities, this neutron excess provides a floor that should be present in any centrally-ignited SN Ia scenario.

  6. Lupus nephritis: prolonged immunoadsorption (IAS) reduces proteinuria and stabilizes global disease activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stummvoll, Georg H; Schmaldienst, Sabine; Smolen, Josef S; Derfler, Kurt; Biesenbach, Peter

    2012-02-01

    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by pathogenic autoantibodies, which can be removed by extracorporeal procedures. While previous studies have shown short-term efficacy of immunoadsorption (IAS) in SLE, no information on long-term benefit and safety is available. IAS was offered to patients with highly active renal disease when conventional therapy had failed. Eleven patients entered the prolonged IAS programme and were followed for up to 10 years (mean 6.4 ± 3.5). Efficacy of IAS was determined by reduction in proteinuria (primary outcome), global disease activity [SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)] and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) levels (secondary outcomes). Full/partial remission was defined as ≤ 0.5/≤ 1.0 g/day for proteinuria, ≤ 5/≤ 8 for SLEDAI and ≤ 25/≤ 50 IU/mL for anti-dsDNA levels. We further assessed flares, infections, malignancies and procedure-related adverse events. Short-term IAS (≤ 1 year) resulted in a significant reduction of proteinuria (9.2 ± 3.7 to 2.3 ± 2.4, P = 0.0001), disease activity (SLEDAI 19 ± 8 to 4 ± 2, P = 0.0004) and dsDNA levels (168 ± 205 to 45 ± 34, P = 0.001). In patients without remission after 1 year (n = 5), prolonged IAS decreased proteinuria from 4.3 ± 2.4 to 0.5 ± 0.4 g/day, P = 0.02. At the end of observation, complete remission in proteinuria was achieved in seven patients (64%) and partial remission in two (18%) additional patients. One patient flared and was discontinued; in all other patients, disease activity and anti-dsDNA stabilized at remission levels. Flares (0.28 ± 0.30) and infections (0.66 ± 0.70 per patient/year) were relatively uncommon; no malignancies, anaphylactic or orthostatic adverse events were observed. IAS is effective in short-term use but prolonged IAS can provide additional therapeutic benefit while showing an acceptable safety profile. The vast majority of initially therapy-refractory patients met the remission criteria at the end of

  7. Elemental gas-phase abundances of intermediate redshift type Ia supernova star-forming host galaxies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moreno-Raya, M. E.; Galbany, L.; López-Sánchez, Á. R.; Mollá, M.; González-Gaitán, S.; Vílchez, J. M.; Carnero, A.

    2018-05-01

    The maximum luminosity of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) depends on the oxygen abundance of the regions of the host galaxies, where they explode. This metallicity dependence reduces the dispersion in the Hubble diagram (HD) when included with the traditional two-parameter calibration of SN Ia light-curve parameters and absolute magnitude. In this work, we use empirical calibrations to carefully estimate the oxygen abundance of galaxies hosting SNe Ia from the SDSS-II/SN (Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova) survey at intermediate redshift by measuring their emission-line intensities. We also derive electronic temperature with the direct method for a small fraction of objects for consistency. We find a trend of decreasing oxygen abundance with increasing redshift for the most massive galaxies. Moreover, we study the dependence of the HD residuals (HR) with galaxy oxygen abundance obtaining a correlation in line with those found in other works. In particular, the HR versus oxygen abundance shows a slope of -0.186 ± 0.123 mag dex-1 (1.52σ) in good agreement with theoretical expectations. This implies smaller distance modulii after corrections for SNe Ia in metal-rich galaxies. Based on our previous results on local SNe Ia, we propose this dependence to be due to the lower luminosity of the SNe Ia produced in more metal-rich environments.

  8. Perfil clínico da Enterocolite por Citomegalovírus (CMV na síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (Aids Clinical profile of Cytomegalovirus Colitis in AIDS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.B. de Lima

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available Múltiplos agentes estão envolvidos na etiopatogenia da diarréia em Aids. O exame de fezes e a colonoscopia são elementos decisivos para o diagnóstico específico. A enterocolite por CMV pode cursar com febre, emagrecimento, diarréia intermitente e hematoquesia. Outros agentes causadores de diarréia podem ter o mesmo espectro de apresentação. OBJETIVO: Definir o perfil clínico da enterocolite por CMV em pacientes com Aids, comparando os parâmetros clínicos, endoscópicos e de tempo de sobrevida entre dois grupos com diarréia crônica, grupo A com CMV e grupo B sem CMV. MÉTODOS: Foram acompanhados 48 pacientes com Aids e diarréia de duração maior que 30 dias, sendo 27 do grupo A e 21 do grupo B. Os parâmetros analisados foram idade, situação de risco, duração da diarréia, hematoquesia, intervalo de tempo entre diagnóstico da infecção por HIV e início de diarréia, achados endoscópicos e sobrevida. Foram realizados exames parasitológicos, culturas e colonoscopia com biópsias. Foi utilizado o teste "t-student" para amostras não pareadas e o teste Qui-Quadrado com correção de Yates para variáveis não paramétricas. Foram construídas curvas de sobrevida pelo método descrito por Kaplan-Meier e aplicado o teste de Mantel - Haenszel. Foi assumido como nível de significância estatística o valor de P menor que 0.05. RESULTADOS: O padrão endoscópico da infecção por CMV correspondeu a ulcerações associadas a hemorragia de submucosa 14 (51.8% P P > 0.001. Os outros parâmetros estudados não mostraram significância estatística. CONCLUSÕES: A presença de enterocolite por CMV em Aids é marcador de mau prognóstico e menor sobrevida. Existe um padrão endoscópico sugestivo da infecção por CMV.OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical profile of CMV colitis in AIDS patients, comparing clinical, endoscopic parameters and survival time between 2 groups of AIDS patients having chronic diarrhea. Group A being CMV

  9. Transgenic cotton plants expressing Cry1Ia12 toxin confer resistance to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda and cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Sampaio Oliveira

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Gossypium hirsutum (commercial cooton is one of the most economically important fibers sources and a commodity crop highly affected by insect pests and pathogens. Several transgenic approaches have been developed to improve cotton resistance to insect pests, through the transgenic expression of different factors, including Cry toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and toxic peptides, among others. In the present study, we developed transgenic cotton plants by fertilized floral buds injection (through the pollen-tube pathway technique using an DNA expression cassette harboring the cry1Ia12 gene, driven by CaMV35S promoter. The T0 transgenic cotton plants were initially selected with kanamycin and posteriorly characterized with PCR and Southern blot experiments to confirm the genetic transformation. Western blot and ELISA assays indicated the transgenic cotton plants with higher Cry1Ia12 protein expression levels to be further tested in the control of two major G. hirsutum insect pests. Bioassays with T1 plants revealed the Cry1Ia12 protein toxicity on Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, as evidenced by mortality up to 40% and a significant delay in the development of the target insects compared to untransformed controls (up to 30-fold. Also, a significant reduction of Anthonomus grandis emerging adults (up to 60% was observed when the insect larvae were fed on T1 floral buds. All the larvae and adult insect survivors on the transgenic lines were weaker and significantly smaller compared to the non-transformed plants. Therefore, this study provides GM cotton plant with simultaneous resistance against the Lepidopteran (S. frugiperda and the Coleopteran (A. grandis insect orders, and all data suggested that the Cry1Ia12 toxin could effectively enhance the cotton transgenic plants resistance to both insect pests.

  10. Transgenic Cotton Plants Expressing Cry1Ia12 Toxin Confer Resistance to Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Cotton Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis).

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Oliveira, Raquel S; Oliveira-Neto, Osmundo B; Moura, Hudson F N; de Macedo, Leonardo L P; Arraes, Fabrício B M; Lucena, Wagner A; Lourenço-Tessutti, Isabela T; de Deus Barbosa, Aulus A; da Silva, Maria C M; Grossi-de-Sa, Maria F

    2016-01-01

    Gossypium hirsutum (commercial cooton) is one of the most economically important fibers sources and a commodity crop highly affected by insect pests and pathogens. Several transgenic approaches have been developed to improve cotton resistance to insect pests, through the transgenic expression of different factors, including Cry toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and toxic peptides, among others. In the present study, we developed transgenic cotton plants by fertilized floral buds injection (through the pollen-tube pathway technique) using an DNA expression cassette harboring the cry1Ia12 gene, driven by CaMV35S promoter. The T0 transgenic cotton plants were initially selected with kanamycin and posteriorly characterized by PCR and Southern blot experiments to confirm the genetic transformation. Western blot and ELISA assays indicated the transgenic cotton plants with higher Cry1Ia12 protein expression levels to be further tested in the control of two major G. hirsutum insect pests. Bioassays with T1 plants revealed the Cry1Ia12 protein toxicity on Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, as evidenced by mortality up to 40% and a significant delay in the development of the target insects compared to untransformed controls (up to 30-fold). Also, an important reduction of Anthonomus grandis emerging adults (up to 60%) was observed when the insect larvae were fed on T1 floral buds. All the larvae and adult insect survivors on the transgenic lines were weaker and significantly smaller compared to the non-transformed plants. Therefore, this study provides GM cotton plant with simultaneous resistance against the Lepidopteran (S. frugiperda), and the Coleopteran (A. grandis) insect orders, and all data suggested that the Cry1Ia12 toxin could effectively enhance the cotton transgenic plants resistance to both insect pests.

  11. Transgenic Cotton Plants Expressing Cry1Ia12 Toxin Confer Resistance to Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Cotton Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Oliveira, Raquel S.; Oliveira-Neto, Osmundo B.; Moura, Hudson F. N.; de Macedo, Leonardo L. P.; Arraes, Fabrício B. M.; Lucena, Wagner A.; Lourenço-Tessutti, Isabela T.; de Deus Barbosa, Aulus A.; da Silva, Maria C. M.; Grossi-de-Sa, Maria F.

    2016-01-01

    Gossypium hirsutum (commercial cooton) is one of the most economically important fibers sources and a commodity crop highly affected by insect pests and pathogens. Several transgenic approaches have been developed to improve cotton resistance to insect pests, through the transgenic expression of different factors, including Cry toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and toxic peptides, among others. In the present study, we developed transgenic cotton plants by fertilized floral buds injection (through the pollen-tube pathway technique) using an DNA expression cassette harboring the cry1Ia12 gene, driven by CaMV35S promoter. The T0 transgenic cotton plants were initially selected with kanamycin and posteriorly characterized by PCR and Southern blot experiments to confirm the genetic transformation. Western blot and ELISA assays indicated the transgenic cotton plants with higher Cry1Ia12 protein expression levels to be further tested in the control of two major G. hirsutum insect pests. Bioassays with T1 plants revealed the Cry1Ia12 protein toxicity on Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, as evidenced by mortality up to 40% and a significant delay in the development of the target insects compared to untransformed controls (up to 30-fold). Also, an important reduction of Anthonomus grandis emerging adults (up to 60%) was observed when the insect larvae were fed on T1 floral buds. All the larvae and adult insect survivors on the transgenic lines were weaker and significantly smaller compared to the non-transformed plants. Therefore, this study provides GM cotton plant with simultaneous resistance against the Lepidopteran (S. frugiperda), and the Coleopteran (A. grandis) insect orders, and all data suggested that the Cry1Ia12 toxin could effectively enhance the cotton transgenic plants resistance to both insect pests. PMID:26925081

  12. Identification of Ag and Cd photoluminescence in $^{111}$Ag-doped GaN

    CERN Document Server

    Stötzler, A; Deicher, M

    1999-01-01

    In order to unambiguously identify the chemical nature of Cd and Ag related optical transitions in GaN, epitaxial GaN layers were implanted with the radioactive isotope $^{111}$Ag which decays into stable $^{111}$Cd. This chemical transmutation was monitored by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Being an element specific property, the half-life of this decay was used to establish the chemical assignment of the optical transitions to a specific defect. We found that the Ag related transitions consist of a series of four single lines (1.610, 1.600, 1.594, and 1.573 eV), each accompanied by two phonon replicas separated by 63 meV. Cd produces two PL bands centered at 2.7 and 3.2 eV. Additional Cd-related single transitions at 3.341, 3.328, and 3.249 eV have been observed. Exponential fits to the PL intensities yield half-lives of $t_{1/2}^{Ag}$= (7.61$\\pm$0.27) d and $t_{1/2}^{Cd}$=(7.60$\\pm$0.27) d, respectively, in good agreement with the half-life of $^{111}$Ag of 7.45 d. (13 refs).

  13. Aspectos gerais da formação de professores

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edson do Carmo Inforsato

    1996-08-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo, ancorado em estudos recentes e antigos, mostra o afastamento dos cursos de formação de professores em relação aos elementos que compõem a prática profissional docente. Favorável a uma aproximação efetiva com o contexto das práticas de sala de aula, o autor defende a idéia de uma formação de professores atrelada aos problemas e necessidades da prática docente no ensino formal de 1º e 2º graus.

  14. Tendência secular da doença diarréica na infância na cidade de São Paulo (1984-1996

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benicio Maria Helena D'Aquino

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e a distribuição social da doença diarréica na infância, estabelecer a tendência secular dessa enfermidade e analisar sua determinação, através dos dados coletados por dois inquéritos domiciliares realizados na cidade de São Paulo, SP, em 1984/85 e 1995/96. MÉTODOS: Os inquéritos estudaram amostras probabilísticas da população residente na cidade com idades entre zero e 59 meses (1.016 em 1984/85 e 1.280 em 1995/96. Nos dois inquéritos foram estimadas a prevalência instantânea da diarréia (proporção de crianças com três ou mais evacuações líquidas no dia da entrevista domiciliar e a incidência anual de internações hospitalares pela doença. Esses dois indicadores foram calculados a partir de entrevistas domiciliares feitas por médicos pediatras e respondidas pelas mães das crianças. Nos dois inquéritos, as entrevistas foram distribuídas ao longo de um período de cerca de 12 meses, de modo a garantir uma varredura uniforme das várias áreas da cidade ao longo das quatro estações do ano. O estudo da distribuição social da doença diarréica levou em conta tercis da renda familiar per capita em cada um dos inquéritos. A estratégia analítica para estudar os determinantes da evolução da prevalência da doença na população empregou modelos hierárquicos de causalidade, análises multivariadas de regressão e procedimentos análogos aos utilizados para calcular riscos atribuíveis populacionais. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSÕES: Houve entre os inquéritos reduções expressivas na prevalência instantânea da diarréia (de 1,70% para 0,90% e na incidência anual de hospitalizações pela doença (de 2,21 para 0,79 internações por 100 crianças-ano. O declínio desses indicadores foi mais intenso no terço mais pobre da população, o que contribuiu para reduzir a desigualdade social quanto à ocorrência da doença. Melhorias no poder aquisitivo das famílias e na cobertura da

  15. Faciologia, proveniência e Paleogeografia das Formações Pirambóia e Botucatu no estado do Paraná

    OpenAIRE

    Leandro Menezes Donatti

    2002-01-01

    Através da análise de fácies dos arenitos das formações Pirambóia, Botucatu e Serra Geral nos estados do Paraná e extremo sul paulista (Piraju), subdividiram-se os depósitos estudados em quatro associações faciológicas com posicionamento estratigráfico distinto. Da base para o topo, estas associações correspondem a: A) lençóis de areia em planície de maré, B) campo de dunas costeiro com planícies interdunares inundadas, C) planície aluvial com rios entrelaçados e dunas eólicas incipientes e D...

  16. Estudo da influência do Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 sobre o gerenciamento do risco operacional em instituições financeiras brasileiras

    OpenAIRE

    Camazano, Magali Aparecida

    2008-01-01

    A desregulamentação e a globalização dos serviços financeiros associadas à sofisticação das tecnologias financeiras têm aumentado a complexidade das atividades bancárias e a conseqüente exposição dos bancos ao risco operacional. Casos diversos de perdas catastróficas relacionadas ao risco operacional se fizeram presentes nos últimos 10 anos, a exemplo da quebra do tradicional Barings Bank, na Inglaterra. Por decorrência, o Novo Acordo de Capital da Basiléia (Basiléia II), divul...

  17. A IDÉIA DE ESTADO EM SANTO AGOSTINHO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Manfredo Tomás Ramos

    1985-01-01

    Full Text Available Poderia causar estranheza, — e não somente ao leigo — o fato de pretendermos nos servir do Epistolário de Agostinho como fonte principal para um estudo de maior envergadura acerca das idéias políticas do grande Doutor (354-430. É preciso, pois, salientar, logo de início, que suas cartas à nossa disposição hoje (cf. PL XXXIII — 270 cartas; CSEL LXXXVIII - 31 cartas são não apenas confidenciais e pastorais, mas também doutrinais (filosófico-teológicas, as mais numerosas e oficiais. Cobrem elas todo o arco da vida de Agostinho, a partir de sua conversão, e refletem o século agitado em que ele viveu: a decadência do Império Romano do Ocidente, sua vida econômica, política e religiosa.

  18. No Contribution of GAD-65 and IA-2 Autoantibodies around Time of Diagnosis to the Increasing Incidence of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes: A 9-Year Nationwide Danish Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Steffen U. Thorsen

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Aims. A new perspective on autoantibodies as pivotal players in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D has recently emerged. Our key objective was to examine whether increased levels of autoantibodies against the β-cell autoantigens glutamic acid decarboxylase (isoform 65 (GADA and insulinoma associated antigen-2A (IA-2A mirrored the 3.4% annual increase in incidence of T1D. Methods. From the Danish Childhood Diabetes Register, we randomly selected 500 patients and 500 siblings for GADA and IA-2A analysis (1997 through 2005. Blood samples were taken within three months after onset. A robust log-normal regression model was used. Nine hundred children and adolescents had complete records and were included in the analysis. Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to evaluate changes in prevalence of autoantibody positivity by period. Results. No significant changes in levels of GADA and IA-2A were found over our 9-year study period. No trends in autoantibody positivity—in either patients or siblings—were found. Levels of GADA and IA-2A were significantly associated with HLA risk groups and GADA with age. Conclusion. The prevalence of positivity and the levels of GADA and IA-2A have not changed between 1997 and 2005 in newly diagnosed patients with T1D and their siblings without T1D.

  19. Formation of Ag2, Au2 and AgAu particles on MgO(1 0 0): DFT study on the role of support-induced charge transfer in metal-metal interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuente, Silvia A.; Belelli, Patricia G.; Branda, Maria M.; Ferullo, Ricardo M.; Castellani, Norberto J.

    2009-01-01

    The formation of Ag 2 , Au 2 and AgAu particles oriented perpendicularly to the MgO(1 0 0) surface was studied using the density functional theory. While the support induces a slight enhancement of the Ag-Ag bond (by 0.3-0.4 eV), the Au-Au bond is strongly enhanced (by 0.8-1.1 eV). Concerning the bimetallic particle, the Ag-Au bond stabilization depends on the relative position of each atom. Thus, in general terms, the strength of the metal-metal bond is determined by the nature of the terminal atom; the bond is stronger in Au-terminal particles. The partial electronic charge transfer to the terminal Au atom and its ability to polarize this charge are responsible for this energetic stabilization.

  20. Manganese in Dwarf Galaxies as a Probe of Type Ia Supernovae

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Los Reyes, Mithi; Kirby, Evan N.

    2018-06-01

    Despite the importance of thermonuclear or Type Ia supernovae (SNe) as standard candles in astrophysics, the physical mechanisms behind Type Ia SNe are still poorly constrained. Theoretically, the nucleosynthetic yields from Type Ia SNe can distinguish among different models of Type Ia explosions. For example, neutron-rich elements such as manganese (Mn) are sensitive probes of the physics of Type Ia SNe because their abundances are correlated to the density of the progenitor white dwarf. Since dwarf galaxies' chemical evolution is dominated by Type Ia SNe at late times, Type Ia nucleosynthetic yields can be indirectly inferred from stellar abundances in dwarf galaxies. However, previous measurements of Mn in dwarf galaxies are too incomplete to draw definitive conclusions on the Type Ia explosion mechanism. In this work, we therefore use medium-resolution stellar spectroscopy from Keck/DEIMOS to measure Mn abundances in red giants in several Milky Way satellite galaxies. We report average Type Ia Mn yields computed from these abundances, and we discuss the implications for Type Ia supernova physics.

  1. O ADULTÉRIO DE DAVI E BETSABÉIA: LEITURA FEMINISTA E TÉCNICA NARRATIVA EM 2SAMUEL 11

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Pessoa da Silva Pinto

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO: A leitura feminista da Bíblia faz parte da pluralidade de métodos e abordagens utilizadas no campo dos estudos bíblicos nas últimas décadas. Esse artigo estuda a relação entre interpretação feminista e outros métodos exegéticos por meio da comparação entre as leituras feministas da história de Davi e Betsa­béia em 2 Samuel 11 e outros estudos de Análise Narrativa. O estudo atento das técnicas narrativas usadas nesta excelente narrativa ajuda a evitar incompreensões por parte do intérprete mais concentrado em questões de gênero. A conclusão é que os princípios narrativos centrais na técnica usada pelo narrador desta história desautorizam interpretações mais radicais dos papéis de Davi e de Betsabéia no episódio do adultério.ABSTRACT: The feminist reading of the biblical texts is part of the plurality of methods and approaches used in biblical scholarship in recent decades. This ar­ticle studies the relationship between feminist interpretation and other exegetical methods by comparing the feminist readings of the David and Bathsheba story in 2Samuel 11 to other studies of Narrative Analysis. The careful study of the narrative techniques used in this fine narrative helps to prevent miscomprehen­sions from the interpreter more focused on questions of gender. The conclusion is that the core narrative principles worked by the narrator of this story disallows the more radical interpretations of David and Bathsheba’s roles in the episode of the adultery.

  2. Cinema e construção de subjetividades: a análise do discurso em Clube da Luta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joana Brea

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Partindo do princípio de que a mídia como um todo é um mecanismo de criação de subjetividades, ou seja, um instrumento criador de modos de pensar, de agir, de ver, de sonhar, o presente trabalho pretende investigar o papel do cinema na produção de discursos que construem visões de mundo. Para tanto, analisaremos o filme Clube da Luta, cruzando as idéias da narratologia fílmica - critérios de análise do discurso cinematográfico - com algumas idéias do pensamento de Foucault sobre o discurso.

  3. Identification of Ag-acceptors in $^{111}Ag^{111}Cd$ doped ZnTe and CdTe

    CERN Document Server

    Hamann, J; Deicher, M; Filz, T; Lany, S; Ostheimer, V; Strasser, F; Wolf, H; Wichert, T

    2000-01-01

    Nominally undoped ZnTe and CdTe crystals were implanted with radioactive /sup 111/Ag, which decays to /sup 111/Cd, and investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). In ZnTe, the PL lines caused by an acceptor level at 121 meV are observed: the principal bound exciton (PBE) line, the donor-acceptor pair (DAP) band, and the two-hole transition lines. In CdTe, the PBE line and the DAP band that correspond to an acceptor level at 108 meV appear. Since the intensities of all these PL lines decrease in good agreement with the half-life of /sup 111/Ag of 178.8 h, both acceptor levels are concluded to be associated with defects containing a single Ag atom. Therefore, the earlier assignments to substitutional Ag on Zn- and Cd-lattice sites in the respective II-VI semiconductors are confirmed. The assignments in the literature of the S/sub 1/, S /sub 2/, and S/sub 3/ lines in ZnTe and the X/sub 1//sup Ag/, X/sub 2 //sup Ag//C/sub 1//sup Ag/, and C/sub 2//sup Ag/ lines in CdTe to Ag- related defect complexes are ...

  4. Preparation and characterization of sub-20 nm Cu{sub X}@Ag{sub 1} core-shell nanoparticles by changing concentration of silver precursor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chee, Sang-Soo; Lee, Jong-Hyun, E-mail: pljh@snut.ac.kr

    2017-01-01

    Ultrafine Ag-coated Cu (Cu@Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) less than 20 nm in diameter were prepared. After synthesizing ultrafine Cu NPs using a solvothermal method to serve as the core particles, Cu@Ag NPs were fabricated with different initial Ag precursor concentrations, resulting in different thicknesses, densities, and uniformities of Ag shells. The average thickness and density of the Ag shell increased with increasing initial Ag precursor concentration in a Cu:Ag atomic ratio from 6:1 to 1:1. However, excessive Ag precursor concentrations induced homogeneous nucleation and growth of surplus fine pure NPs. Ag dewetting behavior and Cu oxidation in the Cu{sub 4}@Ag{sub 1} NPs were observed, they occurred during heating at 200 and 250 °C, respectively. The electrical resistivities of sintered Cu{sub 4}@Ag{sub 1} films decreased with increasing temperature from 200 to 240 °C. The resistivity after washing the OA and sintering for 60 min at 240 °C in air was measured to be 4.96 × 10{sup −3} Ω cm. The film was sintered in nitrogen using the ink containing non-washed Cu{sub 4}@Ag{sub 1} NPs indicated the lower resistivity of 2.70 × 10{sup −3} Ω cm owing to the non-oxidation atmosphere, although the chemically capped oleylamine in the core-shell NPs hindered the sintering behavior. - Highlights: • Ultrafine Ag-coated Cu nanoparticles less than 20 nm in diameter were fabricated. • Different Ag precursor concentrations influenced thickness and density of Ag shell. • Excessive Ag precursor concentrations induced formation of surplus fine pure NPs. • Ag dewetting behavior and Cu oxidation in Cu{sub 4}@Ag{sub 1} nanoparticles were observed. • Electrical resistivities of sintered Cu{sub 4}@Ag{sub 1} films were 2.70–4.96 × 10{sup −3} Ω cm.

  5. O processo de institucionalização da condicionalidade política na União Européia e sua eficácia como um instrumento de promoção da democracia The process of institutionalization of political conditionality in the European Union and its eficacy as an instrument of democracy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Ribeiro Hoffmann

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Pode-se verificar, desde o final da década de 1990, uma tendência de institucionalização da condicionalidade política em diversas instituições internacionais. Estas instituições têm tornado explícita a importância do respeito, por parte dos Estados participantes, ao Estado de direito, aos direitos humanos e à democracia; têm também criado mecanismos de controle, supervisão e promoção destes princípios. A forma como tais princípios têm sido institucionalizados, os instrumentos disponíveis para garantir sua aquiescência, a aquiescência efetiva e seu efeito sobre os Estados-membros variam de acordo com cada instituição. Este artigo analisa o caso da União Européia. Apesar do consenso sobre os valores democráticos entre seus membros fundadores, foi somente em 1997, com o Tratado de Amsterdã, que eles se tornaram uma condição formal para a participação no processo de integração. O presente artigo procura responder, primeiramente, como, e por que, a condicionalidade política tem sido institucionalizada na União Européia, explorando dois fatores em particular: 1 o processo de ampliação do processo de integração e 2 crises políticas específicas que ocorreram nos Estados-membros. Adicionalmente, o artigo indaga se a condicionalidade pode ser considerada um instrumento efetivo de promoção da democracia. Busca-se analisar se a intervenção a favor da democracia tem um efeito qualitativo sobre os regimes domésticos, ou seja, explora-se os limites do uso da condicionalidade política como um instrumento de promoção e defesa da democracia.Promotion Political conditionality has been institutionalized in many international institutions since the end of the 1990s. These institutions have been making it more explicit the importance of the respect, on the part of its participants, of the Rule of Law, Human Rights and Democracy, and have been creating mechanisms of control and promotion of these principles. The

  6. Asian patients with Hinchey Ia acute diverticulitis: a condition for the ambulatory setting?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chan, Dedrick Kok Hong; Tan, Ker-Kan

    2018-01-01

    Diverticulitis in Asians is a different disease entity from Western counterparts. Few Asian studies have evaluated the management of acute Hinchey Ia diverticulitis with consideration for outpatient management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of Asian patients with Hinchey Ia acute diverticulitis. A retrospective review of all patients who were treated for Hinchey Ia acute colonic diverticulitis between 2012 and 2014 was performed. All patients were diagnosed on computed tomography (CT). There were 129 patients with Hinchey Ia acute diverticulitis. Fifty-five (42.6%) patients were male, and the median age was 54 years (range, 30-86). Eighty-seven (67.4%) patients had right-sided diverticulitis. Most patients were treated empirically with intravenous ceftriaxone and metronidazole (89.1%). They were then discharged with oral antibiotics. Only 6.1% of patients had a positive blood culture. The median length of stay in the hospital was 4 (range, 3-4) days. Only three (2.3%) patients were readmitted for acute diverticulitis within 30 days. They were managed with antibiotics and discharged well. The repeated CT scans reconfirmed Hinchey Ia diverticulitis. No patients required emergency surgery, and there were no 30-day mortalities. Asian patients with Hinchey Ia diverticulitis recovered well with conservative management and could be amenable to outpatient therapy. Future prospective studies should be performed amongst Asians to evaluate managing this condition in an ambulatory setting.

  7. Construction of Ag/AgCl nanostructures from Ag nanoparticles as high-performance visible-light photocatalysts

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Fan; Liu, Dongzhi; Wang, Tianyang; Li, Wei [Tianjin University, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology (China); Hu, Wenping [Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (China); Zhou, Xueqin, E-mail: zhouxueqin@tju.edu.cn [Tianjin University, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology (China)

    2016-11-15

    A combined strategy of in situ oxidation and assembly is developed to prepare Ag/AgCl nanospheres and nanocubes from Ag nanoparticles under room temperature. It is a new facile way to fabricate Ag/AgCl with small sizes and defined morphologies. Ag/AgCl nanospheres with an average size of 80 nm were achieved without any surfactants, while Ag/AgCl nanocubes with a mean edge length of 150 nm were obtained by introduction of N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-ammonio-acetate. The possible formation mechanism involves the self-assembly of AgCl nanoparticles, Ostwald ripening and photoreduction of Ag{sup +} into Ag{sup 0} by the room light. The as-prepared Ag/AgCl nanospheres and nanocubes exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity and stability toward degradation of organic pollutants under visible-light irradiation. It is demonstrated that Ag/AgCl nanocubes display enhanced photocatalytic activity in comparison with Ag/AgCl nanospheres due to the more efficient charge transfer. This work may pave an avenue to construct various functional materials via the assembly strategy using nanoparticles as versatile building blocks.

  8. A REGRA DA TRANSPARÊNCIA COMO ELEMENTO DEMOCRATIZADOR NO PROCESSO DA PRODUÇÃO JORNALÍSTICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Regina Maia

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available

    A proposta deste artigo é discutir a necessidade de se ampliar o
    conhecimento dos leitores, ouvintes, telespectadores e internautas sobre o processo de produção da informação dos meios de comunicação no Brasil. Dentre as possibilidades está a importância dos jornalistas em revelar os bastidores da produção da informação, o qual é possível com a Regra da Transparência, um dos princípios intelectuais da ciência da reportagem, denominada de “Disciplina da verificação” pelos jornalistas Bill Kovach e Tom Rosenstiel. A existência de um espaço formal de relato dos métodos utilizados para a produção das matérias, que pode ocorrer por intermédio de livros ou blogs, entre outros, contribui para a democratização do acesso aos procedimentos utilizados pelos jornalistas, que, muitas vezes, não podem transmitir certos fatos e idéias por causa da linha editorial do veículo de comunicação ou ainda pela falta de tempo e espaço.

  9. Spectral Sequences of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Connecting Normal and Subluminous SNe Ia and the Presence of Unburned Carbon

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Heringer, E.; Kerkwijk, M. H. van [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4 (Canada); Sim, S. A. [Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN (United Kingdom); Kerzendorf, W. E. [European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching (Germany)

    2017-09-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are generally agreed to arise from thermonuclear explosions of carbon–oxygen white dwarfs. The actual path to explosion, however, remains elusive, with numerous plausible parent systems and explosion mechanisms suggested. Observationally, SNe Ia have multiple subclasses, distinguished by their light curves and spectra. This raises the question of whether these indicate that multiple mechanisms occur in nature or that explosions have a large but continuous range of physical properties. We revisit the idea that normal and 91bg-like SNe can be understood as part of a spectral sequence in which changes in temperature dominate. Specifically, we find that a single ejecta structure is sufficient to provide reasonable fits of both the normal SN Ia SN 2011fe and the 91bg-like SN 2005bl, provided that the luminosity and thus temperature of the ejecta are adjusted appropriately. This suggests that the outer layers of the ejecta are similar, thus providing some support for a common explosion mechanism. Our spectral sequence also helps to shed light on the conditions under which carbon can be detected in premaximum SN Ia spectra—we find that emission from iron can “fill in” the carbon trough in cool SNe Ia. This may indicate that the outer layers of the ejecta of events in which carbon is detected are relatively metal-poor compared to events in which carbon is not detected.

  10. Thermodynamic properties of solid solutions in the system Ag2S–Ag2Se

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pal’yanova, G.A.; Chudnenko, K.V.; Zhuravkova, T.V.

    2014-01-01

    We have summarized experimental data on the phase diagram of the system Ag 2 S–Ag 2 Se. Standard thermodynamic functions of four solid solutions in this system have been calculated using the model of regular and subregular solutions: a restricted fcc solid solution γ-Ag 2 S-Ag 2 S 1−x Se x (x 2 S–Ag 2 Se, monoclinic solid solution (α) from Ag 2 S to Ag 2 S 0.4 Se 0.6 , and orthorhombic solid solution (α) from Ag 2 S 0.3 Se 0.7 to the Ag 2 Se. G mix and S mix have been evaluated using the subregular model for asymmetric solution for the region Ag 2 S 0.4 Se 0.6 –Ag 2 S 0.3 Se 0.7 . The thermodynamic data can be used for modeling in complex natural systems and in matters of semiconductor materials

  11. Silicene on Ag(1 1 1): Geometric and electronic structures of a new honeycomb material of Si

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takagi, Noriaki; Lin, Chun-Liang; Kawahara, Kazuaki; Minamitani, Emi; Tsukahara, Noriyuki; Kawai, Maki; Arafune, Ryuichi

    2015-02-01

    Silicene, a two-dimensional honeycomb sheet consisting of Si atoms, has attracted much attention as a new low-dimensional material because it gains various fascinating characteristics originating from the combination of Dirac fermion features with spin-orbit coupling. The novel properties such as the quantum spin Hall effect and the compatibility with the current Si device technologies have fueled competition to realize the silicene. This review article focuses on the geometric and electronic structures of silicene grown on Ag(1 1 1) investigated by scanning tunneling microcopy (STM), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The silicene on Ag(1 1 1) takes locally-buckled structure in which the Si atoms are displaced perpendicularly to the basal plane. As a result, several superstructures such as 4 × 4,√{ 13 } ×√{ 13 } R 13.9 °, 4 /√{ 3 } × 4 /√{ 3 } , and etc. emerge. The atomic arrangement of the 4 × 4 silicene has been determined by STM, DFT calculations and LEED dynamical analysis, while the other superstructures remain to be fully-resolved. In the 4 × 4 silicene, Si atoms are arranged to form a buckled honeycomb structure where six Si atoms of 18 Si atoms in the unit cell are displaced vertically. The displacements lead to the vertical shift of the substrate Ag atoms, indicating the non-negligible coupling at the interface between the silicene layer and the substrate. The interface coupling significantly modifies the electronic structure of the 4 × 4 silicene. No Landau level sequences were observed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) with magnetic fields applied perpendicularly to the sample surface. The DFT calculations showed that the π and π∗ bands derived from the Si 3pz are hybridized with the Ag electronic states, leading to the drastic modification in the band structure and then the absence of Dirac fermion features together with the two-dimensionality in the electronic states

  12. SURF IA Conflict Detection and Resolution Algorithm Evaluation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jones, Denise R.; Chartrand, Ryan C.; Wilson, Sara R.; Commo, Sean A.; Barker, Glover D.

    2012-01-01

    The Enhanced Traffic Situational Awareness on the Airport Surface with Indications and Alerts (SURF IA) algorithm was evaluated in a fast-time batch simulation study at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center. SURF IA is designed to increase flight crew situation awareness of the runway environment and facilitate an appropriate and timely response to potential conflict situations. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of the SURF IA algorithm under various runway scenarios, multiple levels of conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) system equipage, and various levels of horizontal position accuracy. This paper gives an overview of the SURF IA concept, simulation study, and results. Runway incursions are a serious aviation safety hazard. As such, the FAA is committed to reducing the severity, number, and rate of runway incursions by implementing a combination of guidance, education, outreach, training, technology, infrastructure, and risk identification and mitigation initiatives [1]. Progress has been made in reducing the number of serious incursions - from a high of 67 in Fiscal Year (FY) 2000 to 6 in FY2010. However, the rate of all incursions has risen steadily over recent years - from a rate of 12.3 incursions per million operations in FY2005 to a rate of 18.9 incursions per million operations in FY2010 [1, 2]. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) also considers runway incursions to be a serious aviation safety hazard, listing runway incursion prevention as one of their most wanted transportation safety improvements [3]. The NTSB recommends that immediate warning of probable collisions/incursions be given directly to flight crews in the cockpit [4].

  13. Dieta hipocalórica e treinamento físico em pacientes com síndrome metabólica e apnéia do sono

    OpenAIRE

    Cristiane Maki Nunes

    2011-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que pacientes com síndrome metabólica (SMet) e apnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) apresentam hiperativação simpática e hipersensibilidade quimiorreflexa. Neste trabalho, testamos as hipóteses de que: 1) dieta hipocalórica associada à treinamento físico (D+TF) melhora a sensibilidade quimiorreflexa em pacientes com SMet e 2) Os efeitos da D+TF seriam mais pronunciados em pacientes com SMet+AOS que em pacientes sem AOS (SMet-AOS). MÉTODOS. Vinte e sete ...

  14. HUBBLE RESIDUALS OF NEARBY TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE ARE CORRELATED WITH HOST GALAXY MASSES

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kelly, Patrick L.; Burke, David L.; Hicken, Malcolm; Mandel, Kaisey S.; Kirshner, Robert P.

    2010-01-01

    From Sloan Digital Sky Survey u'g'r'i'z' imaging, we estimate the stellar masses of the host galaxies of 70 low-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia, 0.015 10.8 M sun in a cosmology fit yields 1 + w = 0.22 +0.152 -0.108 , while a combination where the 30 nearby SNe instead have host masses greater than 10 10.8 M sun yields 1 + w = -0.03 +0.217 -0.143 . Progenitor metallicity, stellar population age, and dust extinction correlate with galaxy mass and may be responsible for these systematic effects. Host galaxy measurements will yield improved distances to SNe Ia.

  15. Similia Similibus Curentur: notação histórica da medicina homeopática Similia Similibus Curentur: historical backgrounds of homeopathic medicine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.D. Corrêa

    1997-12-01

    Full Text Available A história da medicina homeopática foi discutida neste artigo, abordando-se as concepções de Hipócrates, Galeno, Paracelso e Hahnemann. Pretendemos dar uma idéia da evolução da ciência médica de um modo geral, incluindo, neste contexto, o surgimento gradativo das idéias que levaram Hahnemann a criar a homeopatia.The history of homeopathic medicine was focused on the present work since the first ideas historically described by Hypocrates, Galeno, Paracelsus and Hahnemann. We intended to give an idea of the evolution of medical sciences in general, including the gradual arise of ideas which led Hahnemann to create homeopathy.

  16. EVIDENCE FOR ASYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF CIRCUMSTELLAR MATERIAL AROUND TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Foerster, Francisco; Gonzalez-Gaitan, Santiago; Anderson, Joseph; Marchi, Sebastian; Gutierrez, Claudia; Hamuy, Mario; Cartier, Regis [Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago (Chile); Pignata, Giuliano [Departamento Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 252, Santiago (Chile)

    2012-08-01

    We study the properties of low-velocity material in the line of sight toward nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that have measured late phase nebular velocity shifts (v{sub neb}), thought to be an environment-independent observable. We have found that the distribution of equivalent widths of narrow blended Na I D1 and D2 and Ca II H and K absorption lines differs significantly between those SNe Ia with negative and positive v{sub neb}, with generally stronger absorption for SNe Ia with v{sub neb} {>=} 0. A similar result had been found previously for the distribution of colors of SNe Ia, which was interpreted as a dependence of the temperature of the ejecta with viewing angle. Our work suggests that (1) a significant part of these differences in color should be attributed to extinction, (2) this extinction is caused by an asymmetric distribution of circumstellar material (CSM), and (3) the CSM absorption is generally stronger on the side of the ejecta opposite to where the ignition occurs. Since it is difficult to explain (3) via any known physical processes that occur before explosion, we argue that the asymmetry of the CSM is originated after explosion by a stronger ionizing flux on the side of the ejecta where ignition occurs, probably due to a stronger shock breakout and/or more exposed radioactive material on one side of the ejecta. This result has important implications for both progenitor and explosion models.

  17. Premaximum observations of the type Ia SN 1990N

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leibundgut, B.; Kirshner, R.P.; Filippenko, A.V.; Shields, J.C.; Foltz, C.B.; Phillips, M.M.; Sonneborn, G.

    1991-01-01

    Spectroscopic and photometric observations of SN 1990N were obtained at ultraviolet and optical wavelengths, beginning 14 days before maximum light. The early observations reveal important differences from spectra of SN Ia's around maximum light. Photometry and spectroscopy obtained after maximum show that SN 1990N is a typical SN Ia and that most of the observed differences are due to the early epoch of the observations. The most significant characteristics are (1) the high velocities of Ca and Si up to 22,000 km/s; (2) the presence of Co and Fe 2 weeks before maximum; and (3) the more rapid increase in the UV flux compared to the optical. The most popular models for white dwarf deflagration that have provided the standard interpretation for SN Ia's at maximum light do not reproduce the high velocities of Ca II and Si II lines observed in SN 1990N. 37 refs

  18. ANÁLISE DOS INDICADORES SOCIAIS INTERNOS DE RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL DAS MÉDIAS E GRANDES EMPRESAS CERTIFICADAS PELA ASSEMBLÉIA LEGISLATIVA DE MATO GROSSO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cleide Gonçalves Souza

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available O artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar os índices de investimentos sociais internos das médias e grandes empresas certificadas pela Assembléia Legislativa de Mato Grosso (ALMT; comparar entre as médias e grandes empresas certificadas pela ALMT os investimentos sociais internos no ano de 2010; descrever as razões que levam as empresas privadas de Mato Grosso publicarem Balanço Social (BS. A pesquisa deste estudo foi classificada como exploratória. Neste estudo o procedimento adotado foi de coleta de dados documental, extraído do sítio da Assembléia Legislativa de Mato Grosso (ALMT os Balanços Sociais das médias e grandes empresas (M.G.E. que possuem o certificado de responsabilidade social. Foram feitos a soma dos investimentos anuais dos indicadores sociais de ambiente interno destas empresas, o quanto as empresas, investiram por ano, em seu ambiente interno. Nos resultados foram identificados que no ano de 2005 as 4 empresas investiram mais de R$17 milhões em indicadores de ambiente interno, um percentual de 2,66% da Receita Líquida. No ano de 2010, o qual foram 20 empresas, os investimentos foram mais de R$144 milhões, porém caiu o percentual em relação à Receita Líquida para 1,54%. Foi concluído que durante o período de 2005 a 2010 os Indicadores Sociais Internos que mais recebeu investimento foi da “alimentação” e o que teve menor valor investido foi de “creche ou auxílio creche”.

  19. miR-200c targets nuclear factor IA to suppress HBV replication and gene expression via repressing HBV Enhancer I activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tian, Hui; He, Zhenkun

    2018-03-01

    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection is a health problem in the worldwide, with a underlying higher risk of liver cirrhosis and hepaticocellular carcinoma. A number of studies indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in HBV replication. This study was designed to explore the potential molecular mechanism of miR-200c in HBV replication. The expression of miR-200c, nuclear factor IA (NFIA) mRNA, HBV DNA, and HBV RNA (pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), and total RNA) were measured by qRCR. The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were detected by ELISA. NFIA expression at protein level was measured by western blot. The direct interaction between miR-200c and NFIA were identified by Targetscan software and Dual-Luciferase reporter analysis. Enhance I activity were detected by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. miR-200c expression was prominently reduced in pHBV1.3-tranfected Huh7 and in stable HBV-producing cell line (HepG2.2.15). The enforced expression of miR-200c significantly suppressed HBV replication, as demonstrated by the reduced levels of HBV protein (HBsAg and HBeAg) and, DNA and RNA (pgRNA and total RNA) levels. NFIA was proved to be a target of miR-200c and NFIA overexpression notably stimulated HBV replication. In addition, the inhibitory effect of miR-200c on HBV Enhance I activity was abolished following restoration of NFIA. miR-200c repressed HBV replication by directly targeting NFIA, which might provide a novel therapeutic target for HBV infection. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  20. Type-Ia supernova rates to redshift 2.4 from clash: The cluster lensing and supernova survey with Hubble

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Graur, O.; Rodney, S. A.; Riess, A. G.; Medezinski, E.; Maoz, D.; Jha, S. W.; Holoien, T. W.-S.; McCully, C.; Patel, B.; Postman, M.; Dahlen, T.; Strolger, L.-G.; Coe, D.; Bradley, L.; Koekemoer, A.; Benítez, N.; Molino, A.; Jouvel, S.; Nonino, M.; Balestra, I.

    2014-01-01

    We present the supernova (SN) sample and Type-Ia SN (SN Ia) rates from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). Using the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we have imaged 25 galaxy-cluster fields and parallel fields of non-cluster galaxies. We report a sample of 27 SNe discovered in the parallel fields. Of these SNe, ∼13 are classified as SN Ia candidates, including four SN Ia candidates at redshifts z > 1.2. We measure volumetric SN Ia rates to redshift 1.8 and add the first upper limit on the SN Ia rate in the range 1.8 < z < 2.4. The results are consistent with the rates measured by the HST/GOODS and Subaru Deep Field SN surveys. We model these results together with previous measurements at z < 1 from the literature. The best-fitting SN Ia delay-time distribution (DTD; the distribution of times that elapse between a short burst of star formation and subsequent SN Ia explosions) is a power law with an index of −1.00 −0.06(0.10) +0.06(0.09) (statistical) −0.08 +0.12 (systematic), where the statistical uncertainty is a result of the 68% and 95% (in parentheses) statistical uncertainties reported for the various SN Ia rates (from this work and from the literature), and the systematic uncertainty reflects the range of possible cosmic star-formation histories. We also test DTD models produced by an assortment of published binary population synthesis (BPS) simulations. The shapes of all BPS double-degenerate DTDs are consistent with the volumetric SN Ia measurements, when the DTD models are scaled up by factors of 3-9. In contrast, all BPS single-degenerate DTDs are ruled out by the measurements at >99% significance level.

  1. AgMIP 1.5°C Assessment: Mitigation and Adaptation at Coordinated Global and Regional Scales

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosenzweig, C.

    2016-12-01

    The AgMIP 1.5°C Coordinated Global and Regional Integrated Assessments of Climate Change and Food Security (AgMIP 1.5 CGRA) is linking site-based crop and livestock models with similar models run on global grids, and then links these biophysical components with economics models and nutrition metrics at regional and global scales. The AgMIP 1.5 CGRA assessment brings together experts in climate, crop, livestock, economics, nutrition, and food security to define the 1.5°C Protocols and guide the process throughout the assessment. Scenarios are designed to consistently combine elements of intertwined storylines of future society including socioeconomic development (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways), greenhouse gas concentrations (Representative Concentration Pathways), and specific pathways of agricultural sector development (Representative Agricultural Pathways). Shared Climate Policy Assumptions will be extended to provide additional agricultural detail on mitigation and adaptation strategies. The multi-model, multi-disciplinary, multi-scale integrated assessment framework is using scenarios of economic development, adaptation, mitigation, food policy, and food security. These coordinated assessments are grounded in the expertise of AgMIP partners around the world, leading to more consistent results and messages for stakeholders, policymakers, and the scientific community. The early inclusion of nutrition and food security experts has helped to ensure that assessment outputs include important metrics upon which investment and policy decisions may be based. The CGRA builds upon existing AgMIP research groups (e.g., the AgMIP Wheat Team and the AgMIP Global Gridded Crop Modeling Initiative; GGCMI) and regional programs (e.g., AgMIP Regional Teams in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia), with new protocols for cross-scale and cross-disciplinary linkages to ensure the propagation of expert judgment and consistent assumptions.

  2. Computational investigation of CO adsorbed on Aux, Agx and (AuAg)x nanoclusters (x = 1 - 5, 147) and monometallic Au and Ag low-energy surfaces*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gould, Anna L.; Catlow, C. Richard A.; Logsdail, Andrew J.

    2018-02-01

    Density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the use of CO as a probe molecule for the determination of the structure and composition of Au, Ag and AuAg nanoparticles. For very small nanoclusters (x = 1 - 5), the CO vibrational frequencies can be directly correlated to CO adsorption strength, whereas larger 147-atom nanoparticles show a strong energetic preference for CO adsorption at a vertex position but the highest wavenumbers are for the bridge positions. We also studied CO adsorption on Au and Ag (100) and (111) surfaces, for a 1 monolayer coverage, which proves to be energetically favourable on atop only and bridge positions for Au (100) and atop for Ag (100); vibrational frequencies of the CO molecules red-shift to lower wavenumbers as a result of increased metal coordination. We conclude that CO vibrational frequencies cannot be solely relied upon in order to obtain accurate compositional analysis, but we do propose that elemental rearrangement in the core@shell nanoclusters, from Ag@Au (or Au@Ag) to an alloy, would result in a shift in the CO vibrational frequencies that indicate changes in the surface composition. Contribution to the Topical Issue "Shaping Nanocatalysts", edited by Francesca Baletto, Roy L. Johnston, Jochen Blumberger and Alex Shluger.Supplementary material in the form of one pdf file available from the Journal web page at http://https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2017-80280-7

  3. AGS experiments -- 1995, 1996 and 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Depken, J.C.; Presti, P.L.

    1997-12-01

    This report contains (1) FY 1995 AGS schedule as run; (2) FY 1996 AGS schedule as run; (3) FY 1997 AGS schedule as run; (4) FY 1998--1999 AGS schedule (proposed); (5) AGS beams 1997; (6) AGS experimental area FY 1995 physics program; (7) AGS experimental area FY 1996 physics program; (8) AGS experimental area FY 1997 physics program; (9) AGS experimental area FY 1998--1999 physics program (proposed); (10) a listing of experiments by number; (11) two-page summaries of each experiment, in order by number; and (12) listing of publications of AGS experiments.

  4. AGS experiments - 1995, 1996 and 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Depken, J.C.; Presti, P.L.

    1997-12-01

    This report contains (1) FY 1995 AGS schedule as run; (2) FY 1996 AGS schedule as run; (3) FY 1997 AGS schedule as run; (4) FY 1998--1999 AGS schedule (proposed); (5) AGS beams 1997; (6) AGS experimental area FY 1995 physics program; (7) AGS experimental area FY 1996 physics program; (8) AGS experimental area FY 1997 physics program; (9) AGS experimental area FY 1998--1999 physics program (proposed); (10) a listing of experiments by number; (11) two-page summaries of each experiment, in order by number; and (12) listing of publications of AGS experiments

  5. Thematic trip: "Save Roşia MontanÄă"

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eugenia, Marcu

    2015-04-01

    The name Roşia Montană, situated in Transylvania, became well known after a Romanian-Canadian company, Roşia Montană Gold Company (RMGC), obtained the concession license on exploitation for gold and silver minerals in the Roşia Montană area. The project consists of opening the largest surface gold mines in Europe using cyanide, which will include four open pits and a processing plant for gold and silver in The Roşia Valley and a tailings facility with an area of 367 hectares in the Corna Valley. One of the main fears is related to a possible ecological accident like the one in Baia Mare in 2000, when a tailing facility dam break led to cyanide pollution of Tisa and Danube rivers that resulted in the death of 1,200 tons of fish and contamination of water resources for 2 million people. This thematic trip is important for the scientific preparation of students and an opportunity to educate them in the spirit of environmental protection. The training and education of students will require assimilation and understanding, actively and consciously, using the knowledge acquired during the compulsory curriculum and training skills. REASON: The continuous degradation of the environment is a major crisis due to human intervention in nature, and the proposed Roşia Montană mining project will continue this trend. The company proposes to extract gold from mines by using the gold separation technique using cyanide, a process that involves destroying a total area of 16 km² which includes 5 mountains, 7 churches, 11 cemeteries and the ruins of Alburnus Maior Citadel, as well as creating pollution that would last for hundreds of years. The extraction of gold from low-grade ores using cyanide processes was estimated to result in a worldwide emission of 45,300 tons of hydrogen cyanide. Environmental education for a healthy life has children as target group, because they are the trustees and beneficiaries of tomorrow's natural resources and can influence the attitudes of

  6. Penerapan PSAK Adopsi IAS 41 Agriculture

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stefanus Ariyanto

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available This study aims to determine whether the application of PSAK adopted from IAS 41: Agriculture should be applied to State-Owned Enterprises, especially the plantation SOE. So that the SOE financial information produced becomes more useful for decision-making. Furthermore, this study wants to answer what benefits can be obtained from the implementation of this standard on the plantation-based SOE. The main characteristic of IAS is the use of fair value model for biological assets owned by the agriculture-based entity. The use of this model raises a lot of controversy, primarily, associated with relevant quality and reliability of the information it produces. Research used qualitative method with data collection through literature study, survey, interview, and observation. Survey and interview were divided into two major parts, which were: on the compilers of financial statements and the stakeholders. From this study it can be concluded that the PSAK based on IAS 41 have not to be implemented yet in the near future due to IAS 41 will undergo quite significant revision. Currently, the State-Owned Enterprises could use the PSAK plantation SOE that has been issued.

  7. Adoption of IFRS/IAS impacting the companies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michaela Baranová

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available In recent time, there were done marked changes in IAS/IFRS, changes in existing rules. Fifteen standards of IAS have been amended just before the end of 2003 and in course of the first quarter of the year 2004 updating of other standards IAS has been done. The requirement of changes hangs together, among others, also with the recent affairs about the bankruptcies of big companies. In this connection, accelerated and turning changes are proceeding in EU. Since 2005 every EU listed company has to prepare the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS/IAS. Vast survey on the impacts of IFRS adoption was carried by Mazars in 2005. 25 Czech companies have been also interviewed within the study. These Czech companies have exhibit a strong mastery and readiness for the conversion and transition process. Such a summary is quite unwonted in a number of perspectives. But the aim of the author is not to question the study. In the Czech environment, the specific facts in the field of financial reporting and accounting are given. Following these specifics, the truth is that preparing the financial statements in accordance with IFRS/IAS brings undoubtedly valuation and technical entanglements for which the process is costly.

  8. A Hubble Diagram of Distant Type IA Supernovae

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamuy, M.; Phillips, M. M.; Suntzeff, N. B.; Aviles, R.; Maza, J.

    1993-12-01

    Due to their extreme luminosities at maximum light, type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have long been considered among the most attractive cosmological standard candles. Although nearly all work to date has been devoted to attempts to use these objects to determine the local rate of expansion of the universe (Ho), SNe Ia also provide one of the few direct techniques for measuring the deceleration parameter qo. However, in a recent study of nine well-observed events based largely on data obtained at CTIO, Phillips (1993, ApJ, 413, L105) found clear evidence for a significant intrinsic dispersion in SNe Ia absolute magnitudes amounting to ~ 0.8 mag in B, ~ 0.7 mag in V, and ~ 0.5 mag in I. Such a range in peak luminosity could introduce a subtantial Malmquist bias into searches for distant (z rate of the B light curve. Interestingly, the most luminous SNe in our sample all occurred in spiral galaxies, which is true for Phillips' sample of nearby SNe Ia as well. This is opposite to what one would expect if dust extinction were important. These findings are consistent with recent speculations that the progenitors of SNe Ia are white dwarfs covering a range of masses, and also suggest that the brightest events may be found in galaxies which are still actively forming stars. The implications for the use of SNe Ia to measure qo are briefly discussed. This research has been supported by Grant 92/0312 from Fondo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnología (FONDECYT-Chile).

  9. IAS 25, Bilanzierung von Finanzinvestitionen (Accounting for Investments)

    OpenAIRE

    Steiner, Manfred

    1997-01-01

    IAS 25, Bilanzierung von Finanzinvestitionen (Accounting for Investments). - In: Rechnungslegung nach International Accounting Standards (IAS) / hrsg. von Jörg Baetge ... - Stuttgart : Schäffer-Poeschel, 1997. - S. 923-953

  10. Filosofia da ciência como ferramenta microeconômica

    OpenAIRE

    Fabio Barbieri

    2006-01-01

    A teoria neoclássica pressupõe conhecimento perfeito. A crítica hayekiana a essa teoria, por sua vez, afirma que esse conhecimento é resultado do processo competitivo e, portanto, não pode ser considerado como dado. O "Problema de Hayek" investiga sob que condições o conhecimento do agente se aproxima dos reais fundamentos de uma economia. A fim de solucionar o "Problema de Hayek", o nosso artigo utiliza algumas idéias da literatura de metodologia da Ciência, conhecida como teoria do "crescim...

  11. Sobre os limites da interpretação. O debate entre Umberto Eco e Jacques Derrida

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Ramalho Rabenhorst

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available A proposta do presente trabalho é examinar o debate sobre os limites da atividade interpretativa, tomando por base as propostas do desconstrucionismo de Jacques Derrida e da semiologia de Umberto Eco. Tentaremos mostrar que as discordâncias entre as duas perspectivas poderiam ser suficientemente aplainadas a partir da identificação de um ponto de convergência fornecido pelas idéias de contexto e de compreensão intersubjetiva.

  12. Identification of EhTIF-IA: The putative E. histolytica orthologue of the ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2016-02-04

    Feb 4, 2016 ... We have identified the E. histolytica equivalent of TIF-1A (EhTIF-IA) by homology search within ..... a putative EhTIF-IA with e-value (3e−25). Comparison of .... some biogenesis is correlated with altered rates of rDNA transcription ..... ylation by CK2 facilitates rDNA transcription by promoting dissociation of ...

  13. Aproveitamento industrial do umbu: processamento de geléia e compota Industrial use of umbu: jelly and fruit-in-syrup processing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marília I. S. Folegatti

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available O umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam. é uma fruta nativa da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Ainda não devidamente caracterizado, particularmente no que se refere ao seu potencial para industrialização, o umbu demanda pesquisas. Atualmente, esses frutos são consumidos restritamente na região Nordeste, principalmente na forma in natura, preparados como refresco, sorvete ou "umbuzada" (polpa do umbu cozida com leite e açúcar. Objetivou-se com este trabalho adequar a tecnologia convencional de processamento de geléia e compota para o umbu, avaliando a aceitação sensorial e as características físico-químicas desses produtos. Para o processamento de geléia, utilizaram-se duas proporções polpa/açúcar: 50:50 e 40:60, e três concentrações de sólidos insolúveis da polpa: 0%, 50% e 100% do teor de sólidos original da polpa. Para a compota, elaboraram-se produtos com diferentes teores de sólidos solúveis finais, 25°Brix, 30°Brix e 35°Brix, adicionados de 1% de cloreto de cálcio. As polpas, geléias e compotas dos diferentes tratamentos foram submetidas a análises físicas, físico-químicas, químicas e sensoriais. No processamento da geléia de umbu, os produtos obtidos apresentaram valores de acidez total titulável entre 0,60% e 0,90% e de sólidos soúveis totais entre 66,3°Brix e 68,6°Brix. Os tratamentos com proporção polpa:açúcar 50:50 foram significativamente (p The umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam. is a native fruit of the Brazilian Northeast region.. The umbu demands research as it is not adequately characterized, particularly considering its potential for industrialization. Nowadays, these fruits are consumed, at the Northeast region, mainly in natura, prepared as juice, ice cream or "umbuzada" (pulp of the umbu cooked with milk and sugar. The objective of this work was to adapt conventional technology to process umbu jelly and fruit-in-syrup, by evaluating the sensorial acceptance and the physicochemical

  14. Perspectives on Climate Effects on Agriculture: The International Efforts of AgMIP in Sub-Saharan Africa

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kihara, Job; MacCarthy, Dilys S.; Bationo, Andre; Koala, Saidou; Hickman, Jonathon; Koo, Jawoo; Vanya, Charles; Adiku, Samuel; Beletse, Yacob; Masikate, Patricia; hide

    2012-01-01

    Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing climate change-related effects that call for integrated regional assessments, yet capacity for these assessments has been low. The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) is advancing research on integrated regional assessments of climate change that include climate, crop, and economic modeling and analysis. Through AgMIP, regional integrated assessments are increasingly gaining momentum in SSA, and multi-institutional regional research teams (RRTs) centered in East, West, and Southern· Africa are generating new information on climate change impacts and adaptation in selected agricultural systems. The research in Africa is organized into four RRTs and a coordination team. Each of the RRTs in SSA is composed of scientists from the Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) institutions, National Agriculture Research institutes (NARs), and universities consisting of experts in crop and economic modeling, climate, and information technology. Stakeholder involvement to inform specific agricultural systems to be evaluated, key outputs, and the representative agricultural pathways (RAPs), is undertaken at two levels: regional and national, in order to contribute to decision making at these levels. Capacity building for integrated assessment (lA) is a key component that is undertaken continuously through interaction with experts in regional and SSA-wide workshops, and through joint creation of tools. Many students and research affiliates have been identified and entrained as part of capacity building in IA. Bi-monthly updates on scholarly publications in climate change in Africa also serve as a vehicle for knowledge-sharing. With 60 scientists already trained and actively engaged in IA and over 80 getting monthly briefs on the latest information on climate change, a climate-informed community of experts is gradually taking shape in SSA. (See Part 2, Appendices 3-5 in

  15. Highly efficient degradation of thidiazuron with Ag/AgCl- activated carbon composites under LED light irradiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Yisi [College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 (China); Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000 (China); College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000 (China); Zhang, Yan [Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000 (China); College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000 (China); Dong, Mingguang; Yan, Ting; Zhang, Maosheng [College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000 (China); Zeng, Qingru, E-mail: 40083763@qq.com [College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 (China)

    2017-08-05

    Highlights: • Photocatalytic degradation of thidiazuron was performed in a neutral water matrix. • This was carried out in the presence of Ag/AgCl-activated carbon composites and LED light. • The pH effect and the dominant active species were explored. • Degradation products and pathways in water were studied for the first time. - Abstract: Thidiazuron (TDZ; 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea) is one of the most widely used defoliant and easy to dissolve in surface water. Risk associated with the pesticide is not clearly defined, so it is important to remove/degrade TDZ with an efficient and environment friendly technology. Here, we investigated the use of Ag/AgCl-activated carbon (Ag/AgCl–AC) composites in photocatalytic degradation of TDZ under LED light. By the synergic effect of Ag/AgCl and AC, the optimum Ag/carbon weight ratio of 2:1 exhibited superior visible-light photocatalytic activity, the highest removal efficiency was close to 91% in pH 7 matrix. Different types of Ag/AgCl–AC composites were tested, all showed much faster photodegradation kinetics than bare Ag/AgCl in 210 min. The degradation products as identified by HPLC–MS revealed that the hydroxylation by hydroxyl radicals and that of oxidation by superoxide radicals as well as holes were the two main pathways for TDZ degradation. Results revealed that the adsorption concentrated TDZ molecules and the photocatalytically generated radicals rapidly degradated TDZ, the two contributions functioned together for removal of the pollutant from water.

  16. Highly efficient degradation of thidiazuron with Ag/AgCl- activated carbon composites under LED light irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Yisi; Zhang, Yan; Dong, Mingguang; Yan, Ting; Zhang, Maosheng; Zeng, Qingru

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Photocatalytic degradation of thidiazuron was performed in a neutral water matrix. • This was carried out in the presence of Ag/AgCl-activated carbon composites and LED light. • The pH effect and the dominant active species were explored. • Degradation products and pathways in water were studied for the first time. - Abstract: Thidiazuron (TDZ; 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea) is one of the most widely used defoliant and easy to dissolve in surface water. Risk associated with the pesticide is not clearly defined, so it is important to remove/degrade TDZ with an efficient and environment friendly technology. Here, we investigated the use of Ag/AgCl-activated carbon (Ag/AgCl–AC) composites in photocatalytic degradation of TDZ under LED light. By the synergic effect of Ag/AgCl and AC, the optimum Ag/carbon weight ratio of 2:1 exhibited superior visible-light photocatalytic activity, the highest removal efficiency was close to 91% in pH 7 matrix. Different types of Ag/AgCl–AC composites were tested, all showed much faster photodegradation kinetics than bare Ag/AgCl in 210 min. The degradation products as identified by HPLC–MS revealed that the hydroxylation by hydroxyl radicals and that of oxidation by superoxide radicals as well as holes were the two main pathways for TDZ degradation. Results revealed that the adsorption concentrated TDZ molecules and the photocatalytically generated radicals rapidly degradated TDZ, the two contributions functioned together for removal of the pollutant from water.

  17. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Hematotoxicity of the Recombinant Spore-Crystal Complexes Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 from Bacillus thuringiensis in Swiss Mice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ingrid de Souza Freire

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available The insecticidal properties of Cry-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt have long been used as spore-crystals in commercial spray formulations for insect control. Recently, some Bt-endotoxin genes have been cloned in many different plants. Toxicological evaluations of three spore-crystal endotoxins, BtCry1Ia, BtCry10Aa and BtCry1Ba6 from B. thuringiensis, were carried out on mice to understand their adverse effects on hematological systems and on genetic material. These three spore-crystals have shown toxic activity to the boll weevil, which is one of the most aggressive pests of the cotton crop. Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 did not increase the micronucleus frequency in the peripheral erythrocytes of mice and did not cause changes in the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes. However, some hematologic disburbances were observed, specifically related to Cry1Ia and Cry1Ba6, respectively, for the erythroid and lymphoid lineage. Thus, although the profile of such adverse side effects can be related to their high level of exposure, which is not commonly found in the environment, results showed that these Bt spore-crystals were not harmless to mice, indicating that each spore-crystal endotoxin presents a characteristic profile of toxicity and might be investigated individually.

  18. Caracterização física, química, microbiológica e sensorial de geléias light de abacaxi Physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characterization of light jellies of pineapple

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graziele Guimaraes Granada

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho objetivou elaborar geléias com reduzido teor calórico, utilizando como agentes de corpo diferentes combinações dos hidrocolóides xantana, carragena e locusta. Como comparativo utilizou-se uma formulação padrão de geléia de abacaxi (controle, elaborada com sacarose e xarope de glicose na proporção de 4:1 (p/p, e com teor final de sólidos solúveis de 65ºBrix. As quatro formulações light foram preparadas pela substituição de 50% da quantidade de açúcar da formulação controle, sendo que para equiparar a doçura, adicionou-se o edulcorante sucralose. Foram avaliadas as características químicas, físicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais, além do valor calórico total das geléias. Os resultados mostraram que as geléias apresentaram características químicas e físicas semelhantes às descritas na literatura e enquadraram-se na categoria de produtos light, segundo a legislação vigente. Quanto às características microbiológicas, todas as formulações enquadraram-se nos padrões microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. Em termos sensoriais a formulação com a combinação das gomas carragena:xantana:locusta (1:1:1, p/p/p foi a que apresentou melhores características de geléia.The objective of the work was to elaborate jellies with reduced caloric content, by using as body replacers a combination of the hydrocolloids xanthan, carrageenan and locust. The pineapple jelly was used as control formulation, and it was made with sucrose and glucose in the proportion of 4:1 p/p, and soluble solid content of 65ºBrix. The four light formulations were prepared by substitution of 50% of the amount of sugar of the control formulation and, to compensate the sweetness, the low-calorie sweetener sucralose was used. The chemical, physical, microbiological, sensory and the total caloric content of the jellies were evaluated. The results showed that the jellies presented chemical and physical characteristics

  19. Core/shell AgNi/PtAgNi nanoparticles as methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction electrocatalysts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu, Dengfeng; Cheng, Daojian

    2015-01-01

    A core/shell AgNi/PtAgNi nanoparticle (NP) was synthesized via a new seed-mediated growth method in organic solvent medium. The as-synthesized AgNi/PtAgNiNP exhibits an AgNi core coated with PtAgNi shell, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The AgNi/PtAgNiNPs/C catalyst possesses higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and better durability compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst. It is found that the ORR polarization curve of the AgNi/PtAgNiNPs/C catalyst shows an onset potential of 0.91 V vs. RHE, which is superior to the commercial Pt/C (0.88 V vs. RHE). In addition, the AgNi/PtAgNiNPs/C catalyst shows much better durability than the commercial Pt/C catalyst. More interestingly, the AgNi/PtAgNiNPs/C catalyst displays much higher methanol tolerance than the commercial Pt/C catalyst in 0.1 M KOH solution in the presence of 0.5 M methanol. Our results show that core/shell AgNi/PtAgNiNPs possess selective activity for ORR even in the presence of methanol, showing potential application as methanol-tolerant cathode catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells.

  20. Overvalued ideas and their impact on treatment outcome Idéias supervalorizadas e seu impacto no resultado do tratamento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fugen A. Neziroglu

    1999-12-01

    uma escala de 1 a 10. A seguir, fazia-se a avaliação clínica da fixidez das convicções de 1 a 5, e os pacientes eram classificados segundo o item 11 (insight da Escala Yale-Brown de Sintomas Obsessivo-compulsivos (Y-BOCS. A proposta deste estudo era determinar a relação existente entre IS, gravidade dos sintomas do TOC e melhora. MÉTODO: Vinte pacientes com DOC participaram do estudo. Todos eles foram submetidos ao tratamento de prevenção de exposição e reação (PER, durante seis dias por semana, com sessões de 90 minutos, e medicados com inibidores seletivos de recaptação de serotonina. Os medicamentos não foram alterados durante o curso do tratamento. Antes de entrar no estudo, todos os pacientes já recebiam tratamento medicamentoso há, pelo menos, três meses. As escalas de avaliação usadas foram Escala de Idéias Superestimadas (OVIS, Y-BOCS, Inventário Beck para Depressão e Inventário Beck para Ansiedade. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicaram que idéias superestimadas não se correlacionavam necessariamente com a gravidade dos sintomas, medidos pela Y-BOCS. Quanto maior o grau medido pela OVIS, menor era a variação na Y-BOCS. CONCLUSÃO: Idéias superestimadas parecem ser um importante fator de predição de um resultado insatisfatório para o tratamento.

  1. Photocatalytic oxidation removal of Hg{sup 0} using ternary Ag/AgI-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} hybrids in wet scrubbing process under fluorescent light

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Anchao, E-mail: aczhang@qq.com [School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000 (China); Zhang, Lixiang; Chen, Xiaozhuan; Zhu, Qifeng; Liu, Zhichao [School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000 (China); Xiang, Jun, E-mail: xiangjun@mail.hust.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 (China)

    2017-01-15

    Highlights: • Ag/AgI-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} hybrids were employed for Hg{sup 0} removal under fluorescent light. • Superoxide radical (·O{sub 2}{sup −}) played a key role in Hg{sup 0} removal. • NO exhibited a significant effect on Hg{sup 0} removal in comparison to SO{sub 2}. • The mechanism for enhanced Hg{sup 0} removal over Ag/AgI-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} was proposed. - Abstract: A series of ternary Ag/AgI-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} photocatalysts synthesized using a facile coprecipitation method were employed to investigate their performances of Hg{sup 0} removal in a wet scrubbing reactor. The hybrids were characterized by N{sub 2} adsorption-desorption, XRD, SEM-EDS, HRTEM, XPS, DRS and ESR. The photocatalytic activities of Hg{sup 0} removal were evaluated under fluorescent light. The results showed that AgI content, fluorescent light irradiation, reaction temperature all showed significant influences on Hg{sup 0} removal. NO exhibited significant effect on Hg{sup 0} removal in comparison to SO{sub 2}. Among these ternary Ag/AgI-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} hybrids, Ag/AgI(0.1)-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} showed the highest Hg{sup 0} removal efficiency, which could be ascribed to the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs between AgI and Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect in the visible region by metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag{sup 0} NPs). The trapping studies of reactive radicals showed that the superoxide radicals (·O{sub 2}{sup −}) may play a key role in Hg{sup 0} removal under fluorescent light. According to the experimental and characterization results, a possible photocatalytic oxidation mechanism for enhanced Hg{sup 0} removal over Ag/AgI(0.1)-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} hybrid under fluorescent light was proposed.

  2. Resenha de: Os arquivos da segunda guerra mundial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Odilon Nogueira de Matos

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available BERNARD (Henri, CHEVALLAZ (André, GHEYSENS (Roger e DE LAU-NAY (Jacques . — Os arquivos da segunda guerra mundial. [Les dos-siers de la seconde guerre mondiale] . Tradução de Vasco Pulido Valente. São Paulo, Difusão Européia do Livro. 1969. 262 páginas. (Enciclopé-dia de Bolso Difel .

  3. The Ia.2 Epitope Defines a Subset of Lipid Raft Resident MHC Class II Molecules Crucial to Effective Antigen Presentation1

    Science.gov (United States)

    Busman-Sahay, Kathleen; Sargent, Elizabeth; Harton, Jonathan A.; Drake, James R.

    2016-01-01

    Previous work has established that binding of the 11-5.2 anti-I-Ak mAb, which recognizes the Ia.2 epitope on I-Ak class II molecules, elicits MHC class II signaling, whereas binding of two other anti-I-Ak mAb that recognize the Ia.17 epitope fail to elicit signaling. Using a biochemical approach, we establish that the Ia.2 epitope recognized by the widely used 11-5.2 mAb defines a subset of cell surface I-Ak molecules predominantly found within membrane lipid rafts. Functional studies demonstrate that the Ia.2 bearing subset of I-Ak class II molecules is critically necessary for effective B cell–T cell interactions especially at low antigen doses, a finding consistent with published studies on the role of raft-resident class II molecules in CD4 T cell activation. Interestingly, B cells expressing recombinant I-Ak class II molecules possessing a β chain-tethered HEL peptide lack the Ia.2 epitope and fail to partition into lipid rafts. Moreover, cells expressing Ia.2 negative tethered peptide-class II molecules are severely impaired in their ability to present both tethered peptide or peptide derived from exogenous antigen to CD4 T cells. These results establish the Ia.2 epitope as defining a lipid raft-resident MHC class II confomer vital to the initiation of MHC class II restricted B cell–T cell interactions. PMID:21543648

  4. A identidade à flor da pele: etnografia da prática da tatuagem na contemporaneidade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Lissett Pérez

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available No presente artigo, realiza-se uma descrição etnográfica da prática da tatuagem na contemporaneidade, a partir de uma perspectiva que prioriza as noções da prática, das interações e das experiências vividas durante o processo de ser tatuado. A reflexão tenta reconstruir uma visão total da prática da tatuagem que abrange o mundo subjetivo e as dinâmicas sociais como partes constitutivas desse ato. Entre as idéias conclusivas estão, de um lado, o surgimento de uma nova normalidade estética e vivencial no seio da sociedade ocidental e, de outro, a configuração de uma nova subjetividade, a dos "tatuados", como um processo interativo, inovador, emotivo e reflexivo, em que o corpo se converte em uma forma de expressão e construção do sujeito.This article provides a descriptive account of contemporary tattooing, based on a perspective that prioritizes the notion of practice, as well as the interactions and experiences involved in the process of being tattooed. The analysis attempts to rebuild a holistic view of tattooing, combining subjective processes and social dynamics as equally constitutive parts of this activity. Among the conclusions reached are: (a the emergence of tattooing as a new aesthetic norm and a lived experience at the heart of the western society; and (b the configuration of a new subjectivity, the ‘tattooed,’ as an interactive, innovative, emotional and reflexive process in which the body is converted into a form of expressing and constructing the subject.

  5. Injection of 1 GeV H- beam into the JHF I-A ring

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamane, Isao; Kitagawa, Kiyoshi; Someya, Hirohiko; Yano, Yoshiharu.

    1988-11-01

    Application of the H 0 injection method to the injection system of the JHF I-A ring was studied. It turned out that the H 0 injection method is adequate when some conditions are fulfilled. The ways to fulfill those conditions are described. (author)

  6. A distância e o conteúdo estelar da região HII gigante G333.1-0.4 - vínculos para a taxa de formação estelar da galáxia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Figuerêdo, E.; Damineli, A.; Blum, R.; Conti, P.

    2003-08-01

    Neste trabalho apresentamos imagens de alta resolução angular da região HII gigante G333.1-0.4 obtidas através dos filtros J, H e K no telescópio de 4-m do CTIO. Este trabalho faz parte de um estudo de regiões HII gigantes no infravermelho próximo que tem por objetivo estudar a natureza da formação de estrelas massivas e traçar a estrutura espiral de nossa galáxia. Nossa determinação da distância é baseada no método da paralaxe espectroscópica de estrelas OB localizadas na seqüência principal de idade zero (ZAMS) do Diagrama HR. No caso de G333.1-0.4, a magnitude aparente das estrelas localizadas na ZAMS indica que a distância não pode ser maior do que o limite inferior determinado por técnica rádio (2,8 kpc). Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados para regiões estudadas anteriormente, reforçando a idéia de que a taxa de formação estelar na Via Láctea é menor do que o determinado a partir de dados rádio. Nossos resultados mais recentes sobre o conteúdo estelar de G333.1-0.4 revelaram vários objetos que possuem cores bastante avermelhadas (H-K > 2,0). Nós identificamos estes objetos usando os diagramas cor-cor e cor-magnitude dos aglomerados. Estes objetos apresentam um forte excesso em emissão na banda K e possivelmente se tratam de estrelas do tipo OB envolvidas por um disco/envelope circumestelar espesso. O estudo da função de massa inical desta região, em conjunto com resultados de nossos trabalhos anteriores, aponta para uma IMF independente da posição galática. A contagem de estrelas nos fornece um valor para o número de fótons no contínuo de Lyman que corrobora com a afirmação de que G333.1-0.4 se encontra mais próxima da menor distância determinada por rádio.

  7. Effects of insecticides used in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius biotype B control and their selectivity to natural enemies in soybean cropEfeitos dos inseticidas utilizados no controle de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius biótipo B e sua seletividade aos inimigos naturais na cultura da soja

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone Silva Vieira

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available In recent crop seasons, the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B has become a serious pest in soybean crops due to high infestations and its control difficulties. Therefore, it is important to search control alternatives in the integrated pest management approach. Thus, it was evaluated in this study the efficacy of the whitefly control using different insecticides in greenhouse conditions and their selectivity to the parasitoids Encarsia formosa, Trichogramma pretiosum and Telenomus remus. Buprofezin 150 g. a.i.ha-1 + mineral oil 0.2% v/v and pyriproxyfen 100 g. a.i.ha-1 were considered the best options for the whitefly management due to combine good pest control efficacy with higher selectivity to the parasitoids except Encarsia formosa for which no treatment was classified as harmless. Betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 g. i.a. ha-1 was efficient on controlling whiteflies nymphs but was not harmless to the studied natural enemies. In general, the treatments including pyretroids compounds (betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 + spiromesifen 60, betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 and lambda-cyhalothrin 26.5 + thiametoxan 35.25 g. a.i. ha-1 were the most harmful to the evaluated parasitoids and therefore it use should be avoid whenever possible. Nas últimas safras a mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae tornou-se praga de importância econômica para a cultura da soja devido à ocorrência de altas infestações e à dificuldade de controle desta praga. Sendo assim, é importante buscar alternativas de manejo com base em um programa de manejo integrado de pragas. Assim, avaliaram-se neste trabalho a eficiência de diferentes inseticidas no controle da mosca-branca em casa-de-vegetação e a seletividade destes aos parasitoides Encarsia formosa, Trichogramma pretiosum e Telenomus remus. Buprofezina 150 g i.a. ha-1 + óleo mineral 0,2% v/v e piriproxifem 100 g. i.a. ha-1 foram consideradas as melhores opções para

  8. Physical characteristics and chemical-nutritional composition of the castanheira-do-gurguéia fruit (Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke Características físicas e composição químico-nutricional do fruto de castanheira-dogurguéia (Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke

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    Francisca Samara de Carvalho Ribeiro

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The castanheira-do-gurguéia is a native fruit tree with great regional importance, whose almond present pleasant flavor and exploration still limited. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and chemical-nutritional characteristics of 23 castanheira-do-gurguéia genotypes from natural occurrence areas of Piauí State southwestern savannah. A sample of 30 to 50 fruits per genotype was collected. The physical characteristics analyzed were: fruit mass, pericarp mass, fruit length, larger fruit thickness, fruit length/larger fruit thickness ratio, smaller fruit thickness, fruit length/smaller fruit thickness ratio, larger pericarp thickness, smaller pericarp thickness, longitudinal diameter of the pericarp cavity, vertical diameter of the pericarp cavity, almond mass, almond length, larger almond thickness, smaller almond thickness and almond length/larger almond thickness ratio. The following chemical-nutritional characteristics of almonds were analyzed: fat, crude protein, crude fiber, ash total carbohydrates, crude energy and minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and genotypes means were compared by Scott-Knott's test at 5%. There were differences among genotypes for all physical and chemical-nutritional characteristics evaluated, except Ca in the almonds. It was verified the presence of great phenotypic variability in the analyzed germplasm. The genotype G-3 is the most promising in terms of almond mass, almond length and larger almond thickness, and the genotypes G-7, G-10, G-13 and G-23 are the most promising in the chemical-nutritional composition.A castanheira-do-gurguéia é uma fruteira nativa com grande importância regional, cuja amêndoa apresenta sabor agradável e exploração ainda limitada. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as características físicas e químico-nutricionais dos frutos de 23 genótipos, provenientes de áreas de ocorrência natural da esp

  9. Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs (Canis familiaris with acute diarrhea from metropolitan region of Londrina, Parana State, Brazil/ Ocorrência de parasitos gastrintestinais em cães (Canis familiaris com diarréia aguda oriundos da região metropolitana de Londrina, Estado do Paraná, Brasil

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    Pedro Luiz de Camargo

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available One hundred and fifty fecal samples from dogs with acute diarrhea (Group 1 and from 50 dogs without diarrhea (Group 2 were collected and analyzed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the State University of Londrina, between October, 2004 and October 2005. From the positive samples (29.3% of Group 1, 72.7% were infected by only one agent, while 27.3% had mixed infection. The following genera wereobserved by coproparasitologic evaluation: Giardia sp. (9.3%, Ancylostoma sp. (7.3%, Cystoisospora (7.3%, Entamoeba sp. (6.7%, Toxocara sp.(4%, Pentatrichomanas hominis (3.3%, and Trichurisvulpis (1.3%. From the 50 animals without diarrhea, six (12% were positive by coproparasitologic evaluation: two (4% for Ancylostoma sp., three (6% with Giardia sp., and one (2% for both Ancylostoma sp. and Cystoisospora sp. There was a significant relationship between infection and diarrhea (P=0,005, age and infection (PForam examinadas 150 amostras de fezes colhidas de cães com diarréia aguda (Grupo 1, e outras 50 de animais sem diarréia (Grupo 2, atendidos entre outubro de 2004 e outubro 2005, no Hospital Veterinário Escola da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Dos 150 animais do G1, 44 (29,3% estavam infectados por helmintos e/ou protozoários, sendo que destes, 32 (72,7% apresentavam infecção simples e 12 (27,3% infecções múltiplas. Os gêneros identificados nestes animais foram: Giardia sp. (9,3%, Cystoisospora sp. (7,3%, Ancylostoma sp. (7,3%, Entamoeba sp. (6,7%, Toxocara sp. (4%, Pentatrichomonas hominis (3,3% e Trichuris vulpis (1,3%. Dos 50 animais sem diarréia, seis (12% eram positivos, dois (4% para Ancylostoma sp., três (6% para Giardia sp. e um (2% para Ancylostoma sp. e Cystoisospora simultaneamente. Houve relação estatisticamente significativa (P=0,005 entre o parasitismo e a ocorrência de diarréia, assim como entre a faixa etária e a proporção de infecções (P<0,001, porém, machos e fêmeas foram igualmente acometidos (P=0,08. O

  10. Regression of extramedullary hematopoiesis with hydroxyurea therapy in ß-thalassemia intermedia Regressão da hematopoese extramedular na talassemia intermédia após terapia com hidroxiuréia

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    Perla Vicari

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Excessive ineffective erythropoiesis in thalassemia intermedia may cause extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH, resulting in spleen and liver enlargement or masses in several tissues, mainly paravertebrally. Other less frequent locations of diffuse compensatory EMH are kidneys, adrenal glands, breasts, spinal cord, pleura, pericardium, duramater, adipose tissue and skin, although intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis is a rare condition. Management strategies have included radiation and transfusion therapy. Hydroxyurea with transfusion therapy has been associated with clinical regression of EMH in thalassemia. We report an uncommon case of intrathoracic EMH in a patient with beta-thalassemia intermedia, that showed significant recovery with HU therapy.A excessiva eritropoese ineficaz na talassemia pode causar hemato-poese extramedular (HEM, resultando em hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia e massas de tecido hematopoético em diversos tecidos. Localizações de HEM compensatória menos freqüentes são rins, glândulas adrenais, canal medular, pleura, pericárdio, duramáter, tecido adiposo e pele. Entretanto, HEM intratorácica é condição rara. Estratégias terapêuticas incluem radiação e transfusões sanguíneas. O uso de hidroxiuréia concomitante a terapêutica transfusional foi associado à regressão clínica da HEM na talassemia. Nós descrevemos um caso de HEM intratorácica em paciente portadora de talassemia intermédia, com significante regressão do quadro após terapêutica isolada com hidroxiuréia.

  11. Selective hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane to ethylene over Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 catalysts prepared by surface reduction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Han, Yuxiang; Gu, Guangfeng; Sun, Jingya; Wang, Wenjuan; Wan, Haiqin; Xu, Zhaoyi; Zheng, Shourong

    2015-01-01

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Surface reduction method was used for preparation of Pd-Ag(Cu) bimetallic catalysts. • Hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane was investigated for production of ethylene. • Ag(Cu) selectively deposited on Pd surface during surface reduction process. • Ethylene selectivity was enhanced over Pd-Ag(Cu)/Al_2O_3 catalyst prepared by surface reduction. • Isolated Pd site is the key species for ethylene selectivity. - Abstract: Alumina supported Pd-Ag and (Cu) bimetallic catalysts (denoted as sr-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 or sr-Pd-Cu/Al_2O_3) with varied Pd/Ag (or Cu) ratios were prepared using the surface reduction method, and the gas-phase catalytic hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane over the catalysts were investigated. For comparison, Pd-Ag bimetallic catalysts were prepared by the conventional co-impregnation method (denoted as im-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3). The catalysts were characterized by N_2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and CO chemisorption. Characterization results indicated that surface reduction led to selective deposition of metallic Ag on the surface of Pd particles, while Pd and Ag just disorderly mixed in the catalyst prepared by impregnation method. Therefore, sr-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 exhibited a higher ethylene selectivity than im-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 for hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane at a similar Ag loading amount. Moreover, among sr-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3, sr-Pd-Cu/Al_2O_3 and im-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 catalysts, the ethylene selectivity decreased over these catalysts following the order: sr-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 > sr-Pd-Cu/Al_2O_3 > im-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3. The present results indicate that surface reduction can be used as a potential method to synthesize catalyst with enhanced ethylene selectivity in hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane.

  12. As dobras da imagem

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    Profª. Drª. Fátima Antunes da Silva (Yaska Antunes

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem por objetivo tentar compreender a produção da imagem visual no teatro. Para isso se vale da apropriação livre do conceito de “dobra? de Gilles Deleuze para se referir à multiplicidade de imagens criadas pelas diversas modalidades artísticas. Como no teatro há o entrelaçamento de imagens verbais – palavras enunciadas pelo texto dramático ou teatral – com imagens visuais – a visualidade advinda da composição cênica concreta que organiza no espaço ator e objeto –, a ênfase só podia recair sobre estas duas formas imagéticas. No caso do teatro, surge ainda a percepção de que para além da materialidade da cena, outras imagens emergem do confronto entre palco e platéia. Nesse sentido, imagem teatral seria então aquilo que surge da interação entre ator e espectador. A contribuição desse trabalho pode estar no fato de atualizar certos conceitos sobre a criação da imagem poética na poesia e no cinema para aplicá-los ao teatro. Ao recuperar o pensa-mento de Otávio Paz, Alfredo Bosi, Sergei Eisenstein, entre outros, bus-ca-se promover uma reflexão mais aprofundada sobre a construção visual no teatro.

  13. Short Communication: Reassessing the Origin of the HIV-1 CRF02_AG Lineages Circulating in Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Delatorre, Edson; Velasco-De-Castro, Carlos A; Pilotto, José H; Couto-Fernandez, José Carlos; Bello, Gonzalo; Morgado, Mariza G

    2015-12-01

    HIV-1 CRF02_AG is responsible for at least 8% of the HIV-1 infections worldwide and is distributed mainly in West Africa. CRF02_AG has recently been reported in countries where it is not native, including Brazil. In a previous study including 10 CRF02_AG Brazilian samples, we found at least four independent introductions and two autochthonous transmission networks of this clade in Brazil. As more CRF02_AG samples have been identified in Brazil, we performed a new phylogeographic analysis using a larger dataset than before. A total of 20 Brazilian (18 from Rio de Janeiro and two from São Paulo) and 1,485 African HIV-1 CRF02_AG pol sequences were analyzed using maximum likelihood (ML). The ML tree showed that the Brazilian sequences were distributed in five different lineages. The Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of the Brazilian and their most closely related African sequences (n = 212) placed the origin of all Brazilian lineages in West Africa, probably Ghana, Senegal, and Nigeria. Two monophyletic clades were identified, comprising only sequences from Rio de Janeiro, and their date of origin was estimated at around 1985 (95% highest posterior density: 1979-1992). These results support the existence of at least five independent introductions of the CRF02_AG lineage from West Africa into Brazil and further indicate that at least two of these lineages have been locally disseminated in the Rio de Janeiro state over the past 30 years.

  14. THE ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDES OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE IN THE ULTRAVIOLET

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brown, Peter J.; Roming, Peter W. A.; Ciardullo, Robin; Gronwall, Caryl; Hoversten, Erik A.; Pritchard, Tyler; Milne, Peter; Bufano, Filomena; Mazzali, Paolo; Elias-Rosa, Nancy; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Li Weidong; Foley, Ryan J.; Hicken, Malcolm; Kirshner, Robert P.; Gehrels, Neil; Holland, Stephen T.; Immler, Stefan; Phillips, Mark M.; Still, Martin

    2010-01-01

    We examine the absolute magnitudes and light-curve shapes of 14 nearby (redshift z = 0.004-0.027) Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed in the ultraviolet (UV) with the Swift Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope. Colors and absolute magnitudes are calculated using both a standard Milky Way extinction law and one for the Large Magellanic Cloud that has been modified by circumstellar scattering. We find very different behavior in the near-UV filters (uvw1 rc covering ∼2600-3300 A after removing optical light, and u ∼ 3000-4000 A) compared to a mid-UV filter (uvm2 ∼2000-2400 A). The uvw1 rc - b colors show a scatter of ∼0.3 mag while uvm2-b scatters by nearly 0.9 mag. Similarly, while the scatter in colors between neighboring filters is small in the optical and somewhat larger in the near-UV, the large scatter in the uvm2 - uvw1 colors implies significantly larger spectral variability below 2600 A. We find that in the near-UV the absolute magnitudes at peak brightness of normal SNe Ia in our sample are correlated with the optical decay rate with a scatter of 0.4 mag, comparable to that found for the optical in our sample. However, in the mid-UV the scatter is larger, ∼1 mag, possibly indicating differences in metallicity. We find no strong correlation between either the UV light-curve shapes or the UV colors and the UV absolute magnitudes. With larger samples, the UV luminosity might be useful as an additional constraint to help determine distance, extinction, and metallicity in order to improve the utility of SNe Ia as standardized candles.

  15. Glass formation in AgI:Ag2O:V2O5 and AgI:Ag2O:(V2O5+B2O3) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaushik, R.; Hariharan, K.

    1988-01-01

    Transport properties of glasses in the system AgI:Ag 2 O: V 2 O 5 and AgI:Ag 2 O: (V 2 O 5 +B 2 O 3 ) have ben investigated. It was found that, at high AgI concentrations, the addition of another glass former (B 2 O 3 ) did not improve the conduction characteristics of the pure vanadate glasses, the best conducting composition of which had ambient temperature, ionic conductivity comparable to that of conventional liquid electrolytes. The highest conducting composition was used as an electrolyte in the study of silver solid state cells. The discharge characteristics of different cells fabricated with the glassy electrolyte, have been compared with those having the best conducting polycrystalline ompositions as electrolytes. 11 refs.; 4 figs.; 1 table

  16. Lateral manipulation of small clusters on the Cu and Ag(1 1 1) surfaces with the single-atom and trimer-apex tips: Reliability study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie Yiqun; Liu Fen; Huang Lei

    2010-01-01

    We study the reliability of the lateral manipulation of small Cu clusters (dimer and trimer) on the flat Cu(1 1 1) surface with both the single-atom and trimer-apex tips and that for the Ag/Ag(1 1 1) system, and compare the results between the two systems as well as with the single-atom manipulation on these surfaces. Manipulations are simulated using molecular statics method with semi-empirical potentials. The dependence of the manipulation reliability on the tip height and tip orientation are investigated. Overall, the manipulation reliability increases with decreasing tip height although it depends obviously on the tip orientation. For the Cu/Cu(1 1 1) system, the manipulation of the dimmer and trimer can be successful with both tips. The manipulation reliability can be improved by the trimer-apex tip, and the tip-height range for the successful manipulation is also broader, as compared to the single-atom apex tip. Differently from the single-atom manipulation, the tip orientation has a noticeable influence on the manipulation reliability even for the single-atom tip due to the stronger tip-cluster and surface-adatom interactions in cluster manipulation. For the Ag/Ag(1 1 1) system, successful manipulations only be achieved with the trimer-apex tip, and the manipulation reliability is worse than that of the Cu/Cu(1 1 1) system, indicating the difference in mechanic properties between the two surfaces at the atomic level.

  17. Effect of nutrition, vitamin, grains, and temperature on the mycelium growth and antioxidant capacity of Cordyceps militaris (strains AG-1 and PSJ-1

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    Hung-Ngoc Dang

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Effects of subculture conditions on the mycelium growth and antioxidant capacity assessment of Cordyceps militaris trains AG-1 and PSJ-1 were carried out in laboratory during the autumn-winter season of 2015. Different temperature regimes and nutrition, vitamins levels, grain in substrate were evaluated for optimization on mycelium growth. The results showed that two strains AG-1 and PSJ-1 can grow the maximum mycelium radial at the temperature of 24 °C. The mycelium growth was improved by carbon sources such as glucose, dextrose, fructose, and maltose at 30 g/L concentration. Whereas glucose achieved the highest value of mycelium colony diameter in strains AG-1 and PSJ-1. Vitamins B1 concentrations at 0.03 g/L also gave the great values in mycelium colony diameter of both strains AG-1 and PSJ-1. The studies depicted that a substrate mixed with various grains sources (brown rice, white rice, and wheat, black glutinous rice Vietnam, and corn cultured at 24 °C, for 12 days supported maximum mycelia growth of the two strains AG-1 and PSJ-1 of C. militaris. The effect of liquid culture medium (MYPS and PD with mycelium on the anti-oxidation capacity was assessed. The results showed that the increasing of DPPH radical scavenging capacity with the extract concentration exist a proportional relation and Fe2+-chelating capacity as well. The cultured Cordyceps mycelium of two strains AG-1 and PSJ-1had the equally strong antioxidant capacity. Keywords: Cordyceps militaris, Mycelium growth, Nutritional condition, Temperature, Vitamins, Anti-oxidation activity

  18. Swift UVOT Grism Observations of Nearby Type Ia Supernovae - I. Observations and Data Reduction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pan, Y.-C.; Foley, R. J.; Filippenko, A. V.; Kuin, N. P. M.

    2018-05-01

    Ultraviolet (UV) observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are useful tools for understanding progenitor systems and explosion physics. In particular, UV spectra of SNe Ia, which probe the outermost layers, are strongly affected by the progenitor metallicity. In this work, we present 120 Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory UV spectra of 39 nearby SNe Ia. This sample is the largest UV (λ Ia to date, doubling the number of UV spectra and tripling the number of SNe with UV spectra. The sample spans nearly the full range of SN Ia light-curve shapes (Δm15(B) ≈ 0.6-1.8 mag). The fast turnaround of Swift allows us to obtain UV spectra at very early times, with 13 out of 39 SNe having their first spectra observed ≳ 1 week before peak brightness and the earliest epoch being 16.5 days before peak brightness. The slitless design of the Swift UV grism complicates the data reduction, which requires separating SN light from underlying host-galaxy light and occasional overlapping stellar light. We present a new data-reduction procedure to mitigate these issues, producing spectra that are significantly improved over those of standard methods. For a subset of the spectra we have nearly simultaneous Hubble Space Telescope UV spectra; the Swift spectra are consistent with these comparison data.

  19. Bioprospecting endophytic bacteria for biological control of coffee leaf rust Bioprospecção de bactérias endofíticas como agentes de biocontrole da ferrugem do cafeeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Humberto Franco Shiomi

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available Suppression of plant diseases due to the action of endophytic microorganisms has been demonstrated in several pathosystems. Experiments under controlled conditions involving endophytic bacteria isolated from leaves and branches of Coffea arabica L and Coffea robusta L were conducted with the objective of evaluating the inhibition of germination of Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br., race II, urediniospores and the control of coffee leaf rust development in tests with leaf discs, detached leaves, and on potted seedling of cv. Mundo Novo. The endophytic bacterial isolates tested proved to be effective in inhibiting urediniospore germination and/or rust development, with values above 50%, although the results obtained in urediniospore germination tests were inferior to the treatment with fungicide propiconazole. Endophytic isolates TG4-Ia, TF2-IIc, TF9-Ia, TG11-IIa, and TF7-IIa, demonstrated better coffee leaf rust control in leaf discs, detached leaves, and coffee plant tests. The endophytic isolates TG4-Ia and TF9-Ia were identified as Bacillus lentimorbus Dutky and Bacillus cereus Frank. & Frank., respectively. Some endophytic bacterial isolates were effective in controlling the coffee leaf rust, although some increased the severity of the disease. Even though a relatively small number of endophytic bacteria were tested, promising results were obtained regarding the efficiency of coffee leaf rust biocontrol. These selected agents appears to be an alternative for future replacement of chemical fungicide.Supressão de doenças de plantas por microrganismos endofíticos tem sido demonstrada em diversos patossistemas. Neste trabalho foram selecionados isolados de bactérias endofíticas de folhas e ramos de cafeeiro com potencial para o controle biológico da ferrugem do cafeeiro, pois é conhecido que esses microrganismos podem possuir essa característica. Bactérias endofíticas isoladas previamente de folhas e ramos de Coffea arabica L e Coffea

  20. DA1 receptors modulation in rat isolated trachea.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cabezas, Gloria A; Velasco, Manuel

    2010-01-01

    We have previously demonstrated that low dose of inhaled dopamine (0.5-2 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) induces broncodilatacion in patients with acute asthma attack, suggesting that this dopamine effect is mediated by dopaminergic rather than by adrenergic receptors. To understand better these dopamine effect, rat tracheal smooth muscle was used as a model to evaluate the responses of beta2-, alpha1-, alpha2-adrenergic and DA1 and DA2 dopaminergic antagonists. Tracheal rings from male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 90) were excised and placed in an organ bath containing modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer at 37 degrees C, and gassed with O2 (95%) and CO2 (5%). Contractile responses were recorded with an isometric transducer in a polygraph (Letica, Spain). Contraction was induced by accumulative doses of acetylcholine (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 mM) or by electric field stimulation (10 Hz at 2 milliseconds), and accumulative doses of dopamine were added to the bath. Low concentration (0.1-0.3 mM) elicited a small initial contraction, followed by a marked relaxation. Cholinergic contraction was completely reversed at 6 mM of dopamine. This biphasic dopaminergic response was not blocked by incubation with beta2-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (0.1 microM), alpha1-antagonist, terazosin (0.1 mM), alpha2-antagonist, yohimbine (0.1 mM), or by DA2 antagonist metoclopramide (1-8 mM); DA1 antagonist SCH23390 (0.1 microM) produced a sustained increase of basal tone but did not block initial dopaminergic contraction and partially inhibited bronchodilator effect of dopamine. Dopaminergic relaxation in rat trachea is mediated by DA1 rather than by DA2 receptors; and adrenergic receptors are not involved in such dopamine-induced response. Finally, DA1 antagonist SCH23390 exerts intrinsic contractile activity on airway smooth muscle that deserves further research.

  1. Zwischenberichterstattung nach Börsenrecht, DRS, IAS und US-GAAP

    OpenAIRE

    Alvarez von Zerboni di Sposetti, Manuel

    2003-01-01

    Zwischenberichterstattung nach Börsenrecht, DRS, IAS und US-GAAP / von Manuel Alvarez und Stefan Wotschofsky. - 2., neubearb. und erw. Aufl. - Berlin : Erich Schmidt, 2003. - XX, 219 S. [1. Aufl. 2000

  2. Ag1 Pd1 Nanoparticles-Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Direct Aryl C-H Olefination.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Qiyan; Liu, Xiaowang; Wang, Guoliang; Wang, Feifan; Li, Qian; Zhang, Wu

    2017-12-14

    The efficient and selective palladium-catalyzed activation of C-H bonds is of great importance for the construction of diverse bioactive molecules. Despite significant progress, the inability to recycle palladium catalysts and the need for additives impedes the practical applications of these reactions. Ag 1 Pd 1 nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide (Ag 1 Pd 1 -rGO) was used as highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for the chelation-assisted ortho C-H bond olefination of amides with acrylates in good yields with a broad substrate scope. The catalyst can be recovered and reused at least 5 times without losing activity. A synergistic effect between the Ag and Pd atoms on the catalytic activity was found, and a plausible mechanism for the AgPd-rGO catalyzed C-H olefination is proposed. These findings suggest that the search for such Pd-based bimetallic alloy nanoparticles is a new method towards the development of superior recyclable catalysts for direct aryl C-H functionalization under mild conditions. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  3. Prevalence and costs of headaches for the public health system in a town in the interior of the state of São Paulo Prevalência e custos das cefaléias para o Sistema Público de Saúde de uma cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo E. Bigal

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available Despite the high prevalence, impact and economic importance of headaches, studies on this subject are rare in Brazil. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of headaches in the public health system of a town in the interior of the State of São Paulo, as well as to estimate the costs resulting from its management. Data refer to the year of 1998 and were obtained according to the following steps: 1 territorial and demographic characterization of the municipality; 2 characterization of the financial indices and social well-being; 3 budget characteristics of the municipality; 4 evaluation of the structuring of the medical service; 5 determination of the prevalence of headaches at different patient care levels; and 6 calculation of the costs of headaches. Headaches represented 7.9% of all visits at basic health units, 9.7% in the emergency room and 1.1% of hospital admissions. The total costs were R$ 85,131.31 (US$ 70,942.76 corresponding to R$ 7.59 (US$ 6,32 per inhabitant/year. The present study shows the need for epidemiological and economic impact studies, which would provide the basis for the rational use of health funds.Apesar da grande prevalência, impacto e importância econômica das cefaléias, são incomuns os estudos referentes a esses aspectos em nosso meio. O presente estudo visa estimar a prevalência das cefaléias no sistema público de uma cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo, bem como estimar os custos decorrentes de seu manejo. Os dados referem-se ao ano de 1998 e obedeceram às seguintes etapas: 1 -- caracterização territorial e demográfica do município; 2 -- caracterização de índices financeiros e de bem estar social; 3 -- características orçamentárias do município; 4 -- avaliação da estruturação do atendimento médico; 5 -- levantamento da prevalência das cefaléias nos diversos níveis de atendimento; 6 -- cálculo dos custos das cefaléias. Cefaléias foram responsáveis por 7

  4. Study of Ag+/PAA (polyacrylic acid) and Ag0/PAA aqueous system at equilibrium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Keghouche, N.; Mostafavi, M.; Delcourt, M.O.

    1991-01-01

    When submitted to gamma radiation the system Ag + -PAA-water leads to clusters Ag 0 n /PAA (3 420 nm) interacting with the clusters. Potentiometric measurements carried out on Ag + solutions in the presence of PAA at various pH show that the deprotonated form (polyacrylate anion) is strongly bonded to Ag + , on the opposite of the protonated form of PAA. One of the oligomer clusters can be stabilized for more than one year. Studying it by infra-red spectrometry reveals important modifications in the vibration bands of the COO - group circa 1400 and 1600 cm -1 according to the bonding of PAA with Ag + or Ag 0 [fr

  5. Fungicides and silicate clay on the control of antracnosis in yellow passionfruitFungicidas e argila silicatada no controle da antracnose do maracujá amarelo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Augusto Martins Peruch

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available The anthracnose, caused by Glomerella cingulata (anamorf Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is the most important fungal disease for aerial parts of yellow passionfruit. However, few studies about anthracnose control in field conditions have been published. The objective of this research was to evaluate silicate clay and fungicides for anthracnose control. Treatments evaluated were: tebuconazole (20g i.a./100L, copper oxychloride (180g i.a./100L, silicate clay (15g /L and control (untreated plants. The sanity of the plants was evaluated through area under disease progress curve (AUCPD, final severity (SEVF and disease progress curves. Experimental design was completely randomized with five repetitions. Tebuconazole and silicate clay proportioned significant reduction for AUCPD and SEVF compared to control. Copper oxychloride reduced only SEVF. Treatment with tebuconazole reduced AUCPD and SEVF in 75% and 71%, and silicate clay in 82%, respectively. Copper oxychloride reduced SEVF in 76%. The disease progress curves confirmed results and showed lower growth of anthracnose for tebuconazole and silicate clay. Silicate clay and tebuconazole are efficient to control anthracnose in passionfruit. A antracnose, causada por Glomerella cingulata (anamorfo Colletotrichum gloesporioides, é a principal doença fúngica de parte aérea do maracujazeiro amarelo. Todavia, poucos estudos de controle da doença a campo têm sido publicados, motivo pelo qual é importante avaliar diferentes fungicidas e substâncias alternativas para o manejo da antracnose. Neste trabalho foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: tebuconazole (20g i.a./100L, oxicloreto de cobre (180g i.a./100L, argila silicatada (15g /L e testemunha. A partir da avaliação da severidade da doença, determinou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD, severidade final (SEVF e as curvas de progresso da doença. O delineamento adotado foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repeti

  6. 77 FR 4459 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Greenfield, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-30

    ...-0846; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-18] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Greenfield, IA AGENCY: Federal... Greenfield, IA. Decommissioning of the Greenfield non-directional beacon (NDB) at Greenfield Municipal... rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Greenfield, IA, reconfiguring controlled airspace at Greenfield...

  7. 75 FR 23581 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Emmetsburg, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-04

    ...-1153; Airspace Docket No. 09-ACE-13] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Emmetsburg, IA AGENCY: Federal... Emmetsburg, IA, adding additional controlled airspace to accommodate Area Navigation (RNAV) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) at Emmetsburg Municipal Airport, Emmetsburg, IA. The FAA is taking...

  8. A problemática da economia solidária: uma perspectiva internacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Genauto Carvalho de França Filho

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta e discute a temática da economia solidária. Trata da sua origem, como conceito e do seu contexto de emergência, como fenômeno, situando-a numa problemática européia que lhe é fundadora. O texto procura também interpretar o sentido de tal tipo de prática apoiando-se em pressupostos de uma tradição de estudos do campo da Antropologia econômica. Esta abordagem demonstra grande pertinência ao sugerir uma desconstrução da idéia convencional de Economia, o que permite a apreensão de certas dimensões do fenômeno que apareceriam despercebidas numa visão econômica neoclássica. O texto oferece ainda uma leitura acerca das diferentes formas de manifestação da economia solidária no contexto europeu de realidade, buscando sublinhar alguns dos principais dilemas e desafios enfrentados na prática quotidiana de tais experiências, e conclui com uma reflexão sobre o caso brasileiro de manifestação do fenômeno. Trata-se de um texto ao mesmo tempo descritivo e analítico, com um leve tom ensaístico, sugerindo uma reflexão crítica de âmbito internacional sobre os limites e possibilidades do tema.

  9. Optical properties of silicene, Si/Ag(111), and Si/Ag(110)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hogan, C.; Pulci, O.; Gori, P.; Bechstedt, F.; Martin, D. S.; Barritt, E. E.; Curcella, A.; Prevot, G.; Borensztein, Y.

    2018-05-01

    We present a state-of-the-art study of the optical properties of free-standing silicene and of single-layer Si one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) nanostructures supported on Ag(110) and Ag(111) substrates. Ab initio simulations of reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) and surface differential reflectivity spectroscopy (SDRS) applied to the clean Ag surface and Si/Ag interfaces are compared with new measurements. For Si/Ag(110), we confirm a pentagonal nanoribbon geometry, strongly bonded to the substrate, and rule out competing zigzag chain and silicenelike models. For Si/Ag(111), we reproduce the main experimental features and isolate the optical signal of the epitaxial silicene overlayer. The absorption spectrum of a silicene sheet computed including excitonic and local field effects is found to be quite similar to that calculated within an independent particle approximation and shows strong modifications when adsorbed on a Ag substrate. Important details of the computational approach are examined and the origins of the RAS and SDRS signals are explained in terms of the interface and substrate response functions. Our study does not find any evidence for Si adlayers that retain the properties of freestanding silicene.

  10. Application of ASME code AG-1 to YGN 3 ampersand 4 plants, South Korea

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Y.K.; Porco, R.D.; York, Y.D.

    1993-01-01

    Yonggwang Nuclear Power Plant Units 3 ampersand 4 are located on the southwestern coast of South Korea on the Yellow Sea. The plant is owned by Korea Electric Power Corp. (KEPCO), with the engineering being performed by Korea Power Engineering Co., Inc. (KOPEC) and Sargent and Lundy under a technology transfer agreement. The plants are both 950 Megawatt (electric) pressurized water reactors of US design. Under contract to KEPCO, Korea Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd. and Ellis and Watts, Division of Dynamics Corporation of America, Batavia, Ohio, supplied major components to the YGN plants in compliance to ASME AG-1. These components included safety related Air Cleaning Units, Reactor containment Fan Cooler Units, Air Handling Units, Cubicle Coolers, Duct Electric Heaters, and fans. This paper details the extent of applicability of ASME Code AG-1 to the specific equipment, description of the equipment, conformance, testing, and design required. The paper also discusses the problems encountered in implementing ASME AG-1, working around Code sections that were not complete at contract inception, conflicts in project documents and related problems. Also discussed are the logistics problems, material availability, and quality assurance aspects complicating the applications of ASME AG-1, due to the required Korean content for some components. Based on successfully supplying the equipment referenced above, it has been concluded that AG-1 is a working document and can be successfully implemented. It provides the requirements necessary for performance, design, construction, acceptance testing, and quality assurance of equipment used as components in nuclear air and gas treatment systems in nuclear facilities. The paper also addresses lessons learned and aspects of mixing US design and US built components in Korean built assemblies

  11. Type-Ia Supernova Rates to Redshift 2.4 from Clash: The Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble

    Science.gov (United States)

    Graur, O.; Rodney, S. A.; Maoz, D.; Riess, A. G.; Jha, S. W.; Postman, M.; Dahlen, T.; Holoien, T. W.-S.; McCully, C.; Patel, B.; hide

    2014-01-01

    We present the supernova (SN) sample and Type-Ia SN (SN Ia) rates from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). Using the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we have imaged 25 galaxy-cluster fields and parallel fields of non-cluster galaxies. We report a sample of 27 SNe discovered in the parallel fields. Of these SNe, approximately 13 are classified as SN Ia candidates, including four SN Ia candidates at redshifts z greater than 1.2.We measure volumetric SN Ia rates to redshift 1.8 and add the first upper limit on the SN Ia rate in the range z greater than 1.8 and less than 2.4. The results are consistent with the rates measured by the HST/ GOODS and Subaru Deep Field SN surveys.We model these results together with previous measurements at z less than 1 from the literature. The best-fitting SN Ia delay-time distribution (DTD; the distribution of times that elapse between a short burst of star formation and subsequent SN Ia explosions) is a power law with an index of 1.00 (+0.06(0.09))/(-0.06(0.10)) (statistical) (+0.12/-0.08) (systematic), where the statistical uncertainty is a result of the 68% and 95% (in parentheses) statistical uncertainties reported for the various SN Ia rates (from this work and from the literature), and the systematic uncertainty reflects the range of possible cosmic star-formation histories. We also test DTD models produced by an assortment of published binary population synthesis (BPS) simulations. The shapes of all BPS double-degenerate DTDs are consistent with the volumetric SN Ia measurements, when the DTD models are scaled up by factors of 3-9. In contrast, all BPS single-degenerate DTDs are ruled out by the measurements at greater than 99% significance level.

  12. Theoretical considerations about implementation of IAS 41 in Romania

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliana FELEAGĂ

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Although agriculture is an important part of the world economy, accounting in agriculture still has many shortcomings. The adoption of IAS 41 „Agricuture” has tried to improve this situation and increase the comparability of financial statements of entities in the agricultural sector. Although controversial, IAS 41 is the first step of a consistent transition to fair value assessment in the agricultural sector. The objective of our work is the analysis of IAS 41 and current accounting agricultural situation in Romania. Accounting regulations in Romania are in accordance with European directives and, in many respects, converged with IFRS referential. Provisions of IAS 41, however, are not reflected directly in Romanian regulations. With the increase of forest land transactions and foreign investments in animal farms, it is expected that recognition and measurement of biological assets under IAS 41 to become a necessity.

  13. Radiation hardness of LuAG:Ce and LuAG:Pr scintillator crystals

    CERN Document Server

    Derdzyan, M V; Belsky, A; Dujardin, C; Lecoq, P; Lucchini, M; Ovanesyan, K L; Pauwels, K; Pedrini, C; Petrosyan, A G

    2012-01-01

    Single crystals of LuAG:Ce, LuAG:Pr and un-doped LuAG were grown by the vertical Bridgman method and studied for radiation hardness under gamma-rays with doses in the range 10-10(5) Gy (Co-60). A wide absorption band peaking at around 600 nm springs up in all three types of crystals after the irradiations. The second band peaking at around 375 nm appears in both LuAG:Pr and un-doped LuAG. Compositional variations have been done to reveal the spectral behavior of induced color centers in more detail and to understand their origin. Similarities in behavior of Yb2+ centers in as-grown garnets are found, indicating that radiation induced color centers can be associated with residual trace amounts of Yb present in the raw materials. Un-doped LuAG and LuAG:Ce demonstrate moderate radiation hardness (the induced absorption coefficients being equal to 0.05-0.08 cm(-1) for accumulated doses of 10(3)-10(4) Gy), while LuAG:Pr is less radiation hard. The ways to improve the radiation hardness are discussed.

  14. 75 FR 23580 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Mapleton, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-04

    ...-1155; Airspace Docket No. 09-ACE-14] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Mapleton, IA AGENCY: Federal... Mapleton, IA, adding additional controlled airspace to accommodate Area Navigation (RNAV) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) at James G. Whiting Memorial Field Airport, Mapleton, IA. The FAA is...

  15. 76 FR 75449 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Stuart, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-12-02

    ...-0831; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-17] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Stuart, IA AGENCY: Federal... for Stuart, IA, to accommodate new COPTER area navigation (RNAV) Standard Instrument Approach... Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to establish Class E airspace for Stuart, IA, creating...

  16. ASME AG-1 Section FC Qualified HEPA Filters; a Particle Loading Comparison - 13435

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stillo, Andrew; Ricketts, Craig I.

    2013-01-01

    High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters used to protect personnel, the public and the environment from airborne radioactive materials are designed, manufactured and qualified in accordance with ASME AG-1 Code section FC (HEPA Filters) [1]. The qualification process requires that filters manufactured in accordance with this ASME AG-1 code section must meet several performance requirements. These requirements include performance specifications for resistance to airflow, aerosol penetration, resistance to rough handling, resistance to pressure (includes high humidity and water droplet exposure), resistance to heated air, spot flame resistance and a visual/dimensional inspection. None of these requirements evaluate the particle loading capacity of a HEPA filter design. Concerns, over the particle loading capacity, of the different designs included within the ASME AG-1 section FC code[1], have been voiced in the recent past. Additionally, the ability of a filter to maintain its integrity, if subjected to severe operating conditions such as elevated relative humidity, fog conditions or elevated temperature, after loading in use over long service intervals is also a major concern. Although currently qualified HEPA filter media are likely to have similar loading characteristics when evaluated independently, filter pleat geometry can have a significant impact on the in-situ particle loading capacity of filter packs. Aerosol particle characteristics, such as size and composition, may also have a significant impact on filter loading capacity. Test results comparing filter loading capacities for three different aerosol particles and three different filter pack configurations are reviewed. The information presented represents an empirical performance comparison among the filter designs tested. The results may serve as a basis for further discussion toward the possible development of a particle loading test to be included in the qualification requirements of ASME AG-1

  17. ASME AG-1 Section FC Qualified HEPA Filters; a Particle Loading Comparison - 13435

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stillo, Andrew [Camfil Farr, 1 North Corporate Drive, Riverdale, NJ 07457 (United States); Ricketts, Craig I. [New Mexico State University, Department of Engineering Technology and Surveying Engineering, P.O. Box 30001 MSC 3566, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001 (United States)

    2013-07-01

    High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters used to protect personnel, the public and the environment from airborne radioactive materials are designed, manufactured and qualified in accordance with ASME AG-1 Code section FC (HEPA Filters) [1]. The qualification process requires that filters manufactured in accordance with this ASME AG-1 code section must meet several performance requirements. These requirements include performance specifications for resistance to airflow, aerosol penetration, resistance to rough handling, resistance to pressure (includes high humidity and water droplet exposure), resistance to heated air, spot flame resistance and a visual/dimensional inspection. None of these requirements evaluate the particle loading capacity of a HEPA filter design. Concerns, over the particle loading capacity, of the different designs included within the ASME AG-1 section FC code[1], have been voiced in the recent past. Additionally, the ability of a filter to maintain its integrity, if subjected to severe operating conditions such as elevated relative humidity, fog conditions or elevated temperature, after loading in use over long service intervals is also a major concern. Although currently qualified HEPA filter media are likely to have similar loading characteristics when evaluated independently, filter pleat geometry can have a significant impact on the in-situ particle loading capacity of filter packs. Aerosol particle characteristics, such as size and composition, may also have a significant impact on filter loading capacity. Test results comparing filter loading capacities for three different aerosol particles and three different filter pack configurations are reviewed. The information presented represents an empirical performance comparison among the filter designs tested. The results may serve as a basis for further discussion toward the possible development of a particle loading test to be included in the qualification requirements of ASME AG-1

  18. WD+RG systems as the progenitors of type Ia supernovae

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Bo; Han Zhanwen

    2010-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play an important role in the study of cosmic evolution, especially in cosmology. There are several progenitor models for SNe Ia proposed in the past years. By considering the effect of accretion disk instability on the evolution of white dwarf (WD) binaries, we performed detailed binary evolution calculations for the WD + red-giant (RG) channel of SNe Ia, in which a carbon-oxygen WD accretes material from a RG star to increase its mass to the Chandrasekhar mass limit. According to these calculations, we mapped out the initial and final parameters for SNe Ia in the orbital period-secondary mass (log P i - M i 2 ) plane for various WD masses for this channel. We discussed the influence of the variation of the duty cycle value on the regions for producing SNe Ia. Similar to previous studies, this work also indicates that the long-period dwarf novae offer possible ways for producing SNe Ia. Meanwhile, we find that the surviving companion stars from this channel have a low mass after the SN explosion, which may provide a means for the formation of the population of single low-mass WDs ( o-dot ).

  19. The Influence of Host Galaxies in Type Ia Supernova Cosmology

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Uddin, Syed A. [Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangshu (China); Mould, Jeremy [Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC (Australia); Lidman, Chris; Zhang, Bonnie R. [Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) (Australia); Ruhlmann-Kleider, Vanina, E-mail: saushuvo@gmail.com [CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/SPP, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris (France)

    2017-10-10

    We use a sample of 1338 spectroscopically confirmed and photometrically classified Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) sourced from Carnegie Supernova Project, Center for Astrophysics Supernova Survey, Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II, and SuperNova Legacy Survey SN samples to examine the relationships between SNe Ia and the galaxies that host them. Our results provide confirmation with improved statistical significance that SNe Ia, after standardization, are on average more luminous in massive hosts (significance >5 σ ), and decline more rapidly in massive hosts (significance >9 σ ) and in hosts with low specific star formation rates (significance >8 σ ). We study the variation of these relationships with redshift and detect no evolution. We split SNe Ia into pairs of subsets that are based on the properties of the hosts and fit cosmological models to each subset. Including both systematic and statistical uncertainties, we do not find any significant shift in the best-fit cosmological parameters between the subsets. Among different SN Ia subsets, we find that SNe Ia in hosts with high specific star formation rates have the least intrinsic scatter ( σ {sub int} = 0.08 ± 0.01) in luminosity after standardization.

  20. Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among general population in Northern India Soroprevalência e fatores de risco para infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B na população geral do nordeste da Índia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rachna Behal

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Infection with hepatitis-B virus has been a significant cause of morbidity claiming more than a million lives every year. Epidemiological data reveals that there are 360 million carriers of hepatitis-B virus throughout the globe and 78% of the world populations’ hail from Asia. Though several studies from Indian sub-continent have provided an estimate of the prevalence of this viral infection, there exist only few studies, which reflect the status in the general population. AIM: The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis-B infection in North Indian general population. METHODS: The study population comprised of 20,000 healthy blood donors who were screened for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg status using third generation ELISA kit. Seroprevalence rate of seropositive donors was calculated and stratified by age, sex and blood groups. Statistical analysis was performed using tests of proportions, chi-square and confidence interval. RESULTS: The study showed that out of 20,000 donors, 450 (2.25% were HBsAg positive (95% confidence interval (CI, 2.0445-2.4554. Higher prevalence of HbsAg was found among males (440/19235 than females (10/765. The age specific prevalence rose from 1.78% (108/6058 in donors aged 19-25 years to a maximum of 3.03% (96/3161 in donors aged 35-45 years and decreased in older age groups. The peaks were detected in male donors aged 35-45 years and in females aged 25-35 years. Rh-negative blood group donors (21/873 and Rh-positive group donors (429/19127 had almost equivalent prevalence rates of HBsAg. HBsAg was more prevalent in blood group B donors (174/7426 and less prevalent in AB blood group donors (38/2032. CONCLUSION: It was found that variables including gender and age were significantly associated with HBsAg positivity. HBsAg positivity in our population was statistically not associated with ABO blood groups.RACIONAL: A infecção pelo vírus B da hepatite é considerada