Hypersensitivity reactions to anticancer agents: Data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system, AERS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sakaeda Toshiyuki

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Previously, adverse event reports (AERs submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA database were reviewed to confirm platinum agent-associated hypersensitivity reactions. The present study was performed to confirm whether the database could suggest the hypersensitivity reactions caused by anticancer agents, paclitaxel, docetaxel, procarbazine, asparaginase, teniposide, and etoposide. Methods After a revision of arbitrary drug names and the deletion of duplicated submissions, AERs involving candidate agents were analyzed. The National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 was applied to evaluate the susceptibility to hypersensitivity reactions, and standardized official pharmacovigilance tools were used for quantitative detection of signals, i.e., drug-associated adverse events, including the proportional reporting ratio, the reporting odds ratio, the information component given by a Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and the empirical Bayes geometric mean. Results Based on 1,644,220 AERs from 2004 to 2009, the signals were detected for paclitaxel-associated mild, severe, and lethal hypersensitivity reactions, and docetaxel-associated lethal reactions. However, the total number of adverse events occurring with procarbazine, asparaginase, teniposide, or etoposide was not large enough to detect signals. Conclusions The FDA's adverse event reporting system, AERS, and the data mining methods used herein are useful for confirming drug-associated adverse events, but the number of co-occurrences is an important factor in signal detection.

Beneficio del ejercicio aeróbico sobre los síntomas vasomotores de pacientes postmenopáusicas..

OpenAIRE

Paredes Pérez, Napoleón; Universidad de San Martín de Porres

2013-01-01

OBJETIVOAnalizar el beneficio del ejercicio aeróbico sobre los síntomas vasomotores de las pacientes postmenopáusicas..MATERIAL Y MÉTODOEstudio prospectivo, cuasi experimental, comparativo del antes y el después de ejercicio aeróbico en postmenopáusicas con síntomas vasomotores que acudieron para tratamiento no hormonal. Fueron ingresando desde el 2 de enero del 2012 y todas tuvieron seguimiento hasta el 30 de junio del 2012. Todas realizaron una rutina de ejercicio con evaluación basal, a los...

Iniciación educativa a la resistencia aeróbica. (III Canto en carrera: funciones y asignaciones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio D. Galera

2014-03-01

Full Text Available El autor presenta un conjunto de factores didácticos sistemáticos para la iniciación educativa a la resistencia aeróbica, centrándose en métodos aplicables a la realidad escolar desde una perspectiva sostenible. La doctrina en que se sustenta fue desarrollada por el autor como resultado de su experiencia con un grupo de niños y niñas que participaron en un programa escolar de educación física cooperativa, uno de cuyos contenidos maestros era el desarrollo de la resistencia aeróbica. Los criterios de aplicación didáctica están contemplados desde el ámbito escolar, de primaria o de secundaria, si bien pueden adaptarse a otros ámbitos, como el entrenamiento a cualquier edad, actividades de tiempo libre, etc. El autor concluye su exposición doctrinal y presenta repertorios de cantos escolares aplicables a su propuesta de interrelación disciplinar entre educación física y educación musical para la iniciación educativa a la resistencia aeróbica desde una perspectiva sostenible.

Exercício aeróbio: Aspectos bioenergéticos, ajustes fisiológicos, fadiga e índices de desempenho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabrizio Caputo

2009-01-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2009v11n1p94   O objetivo deste trabalho foi trazer informações atuais e relevantes a respeito dos aspectos fisiológicos determinantes do rendimento e treinamento dos esportes aeróbios. Diferente do que se tem sido comumente apresentado, o metabolismo aeróbio responde rapidamente a demanda energética, com um exercício máximo de 75 s, apresentando iguais contribuições do sistema aeróbio e anaeróbio para a produção total de energia. No entanto, em exercícios acima dessa duração, os possíveis mecanismos da fadiga relacionados ao metabolismo anaeróbio ainda são os principais determinantes da tolerância ao exercício. Em durações mais prolongadas (acima de 60 min, a depleção de glicogênio, o desequilíbrio hídrico e eletrolítico, elevação da temperatura corporal terão um papel decisivo no rendimento. As mais importantes variáveis do desempenho aeróbio têm sido organizadas em um modelo que integra fatores como o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max, limiares relacionados à resposta do lactato ao exercício e a eficiência muscular. Para atletas de elite, observa-se que em adição a um elevado valor de VO2max, o sucesso em eventos aeróbios também requer uma capacidade de se exercitar por um tempo prolongado a uma alta porcentagem do VO2max, bem como, uma eficiente conversão da energia produzida para a forma de trabalho muscular. Dependendo da duração da modalidade que se compete, os treinos deverão objetivar uma melhora da IVO2max, capacidade anaeróbia lática e tolerância à acidose, para as competições mais curtas, capacidade aeróbia para durações intermediárias e a melhora da capacidade de estocar glicogênio e aumentar a utilização de gordura, nas modalidades muito prolongadas.

Estudio de impacto ambiental de un aeródromo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gómez Orea, Domingo

1996-04-01

Full Text Available Airports and aerodromes are transport infrastructures which, apart from contributing to the mobility of people and goods, favor social development, since they promote new activities, stimulate local initiatives and reassess bordering areas. This article presents a synthesis of the Environmental Impact Study of a future aerodrome, whose design project is way at present. The aerodrome is submitted to the EIA administrative procedure due to the currently applicable specific legislation: R.D. 1302/86. The technical document submitted for study is the special plan of the aerodrome. One of the basic criteria in the conception of airports and private airfields is the compatibility with the habitability of the environment as well as with the ecological and landscape conditions. This criteria should play a part in the orientation of the runways, trajectory of the taking off and landing maneuvers..., even in the location and design og the parking spaces, hangars and other facilities. This idea suggests the design be conceived with environmental-friendly sensibility, right from the initial stages, without leaving the responsibility of this issue to the environmental study impact. The present study has its own style of approaching the dissemination, consisting of the idea that the reader will find the methodological aspects more useful than the technical data which are of consequence only in the handling of the different project stages. The aspects which are also considered important for the reader are those which allowed the team of editors to form their criteria on the issues of expenses, environmental benefits of the design, its acceptability, etc. The methodology applied is a classical one, in accordance with the requirements of the EIA regulations.

Los aeropuertos y aeródromos son infraestructuras de transporte que, además de contribuir a la movilidad de las personas y mercancías, fomentan el desarrollo porque promocionan nuevas

Dose assessment for CEGB users of the Kodak type 2 film used in the NRPB/AERE holder

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hill, M.J.

1980-07-01

Some work, complementary to that of the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and the Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), has been done at Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories (BNL) on the response of the Kodak Type 2 film in the NRPB/AERE holder. Initial results indicate that the combination forms a satisfactory dosemeter. Comparison between the BNL and NRPB results shows differences which appear to be due to the fact that the angle of incidence was 90 0 for the former and 35 0 for the latter. Some conclusions are drawn on dosimetry but in general, for CEGB users, no substantial changes from existing procedures are required. (author)

Decommissioning of the Hermes facility at AERE Harwell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brant, A.W.

1988-01-01

The contract for decommissioning the HERMES (Heavy Element and Radioactive Materials Electromagnetic Separator) Facility at AERE Harwell was the first contract of its type awarded to Private Industry by the Public Sector. The work required operatives to work in pressure suits for extended periods in decommissioning a heavily alpha contaminated facility. The work required the setting up of a temporary changeroom, waste posting facilities, air suit supplies and controls and temporary ventilation for a completely self-contained site set-up. The Contractor had to provide and train his own operatives, provide all health physics supervision and control and take full responsibility for all technical matters. (author)

List of unclassified documents by the staff of Metallurgy Division AERE Harwell from August 1980 to July 1982

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Winkless, M.S.

1983-01-01

The contents of the report have been provided by the following groups at AERE Harwell: Fast Reactor Fuels Group, Advanced Systems Group, Fracture Studies Group, Core Components and Structural Materials Group, radiation Effects Group, Composite Materials Group, High Voltage Microscope Group, Fabrication Technology Group and Management and Administration. AERE reports and memoranda are listed first followed by other literature; papers in periodicals, conference and symposia papers and lectures, books, articles and patent specifications. The information given is document type, title, author and date of publication (for papers). A total of 189 documents are listed. (U.K.)

Start-up of a cold loop in a VVER-440, the 7th AER benchmark calculation with HEXTRAN-SMABRE-PORFLO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hovi, Ville; Taivassalo, Veikko; Haemaelaeinen, Anitta; Raety, Hanna; Syrjaelahti, Elina

2017-01-01

The 7 th dynamic AER benchmark is the first in which three-dimensional thermal hydraulics codes are supposed to be applied. The aim is to get a more precise core inlet temperature profile than the sector temperatures available typically with system codes. The benchmark consists of a start-up of the sixth, isolated loop in a VVER-440 plant. The isolated loop initially contains cold water without boric acid and the start-up leads to a somewhat asymmetrical core power increase due to feedbacks in the core. In this study, the 7 th AER benchmark is calculated with the three-dimensional nodal reactor dynamics code HEXTRAN-SMABRE coupled with the porous computational fluid dynamics code PORFLO. These three codes are developed at VTT. A novel two-way coupled simulation of the 7 th AER benchmark was performed successfully demonstrating the feasibility and advantages of the new reactor analysis framework. The modelling issues for this benchmark are reported and some evaluation against the previously reported comparisons between the system codes is provided.

Discussion forum on electron beam instruments AERE Harwell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bainbridge, J.E.

1980-08-01

The purpose of this catalogue is to provide a source of information on the equipment available at AERE Harwell, to the nuclear and non-nuclear scientist. The original aim, that is, is to provide data on electron/proton beam instruments has been revised to include optical devices and ancillary preparatory equipment. The intention is to enable prospective users to have a contact who can provide further detailed information, although it must be recognised that work on certain projects completely fills the time available. This publication has been updated, first catalogue published in January 1975, to August 1980 and it is the intention that it should form part of a similar publication which incorporates details of similar equipment available throughout the UKAEA. (author)

Iniciación educativa a la resistencia aeróbica. (I La carrera económica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio D. Galera

2013-09-01

Full Text Available El autor presenta un conjunto de factores didácticos sistemáticos para la iniciación educativa a la resistencia aeróbica, centrándose en métodos aplicables a la realidad escolar desde una perspectiva sostenible. La doctrina en que se sustenta fue desarrollada por el autor como resultado de su experiencia con un grupo de niños y niñas que participaron en un programa escolar de educación física cooperativa, uno de cuyos contenidos maestros era el desarrollo de la resistencia aeróbica. Los criterios de aplicación didáctica están contemplados desde el ámbito escolar, de primaria o de secundaria, si bien pueden adaptarse a otros ámbitos, como el entrenamiento a cualquier edad, actividades de tiempo libre, etc.

Análisis del beneficio del ejercicio aeróbico sobre los síntomas vasomotores en pacientes postmenopáusicas

OpenAIRE

Paredes Pérez, Noé Napoleón

2013-01-01

Objetivo: Analizar el beneficio del ejercicio aeróbico sobre los síntomas vasomotores de las pacientes postmenopáusicas. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo, cuasi experimental, comparativo del antes y el después de ejercicio aeróbico en postmenopáusicas con síntomas vasomotores que acudieron para tratamiento no hormonal. Fueron ingresando desde el 2 de enero del 2012 y todas tuvieron seguimiento hasta el 30 de junio del 2012. Todas realizaron una rutina de ejercicio con evaluación bas...

Start-up of a cold loop in a VVER-440, the 7{sup th} AER benchmark calculation with HEXTRAN-SMABRE-PORFLO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hovi, Ville; Taivassalo, Veikko; Haemaelaeinen, Anitta; Raety, Hanna; Syrjaelahti, Elina [VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT (Finland)

2017-09-15

The 7{sup th} dynamic AER benchmark is the first in which three-dimensional thermal hydraulics codes are supposed to be applied. The aim is to get a more precise core inlet temperature profile than the sector temperatures available typically with system codes. The benchmark consists of a start-up of the sixth, isolated loop in a VVER-440 plant. The isolated loop initially contains cold water without boric acid and the start-up leads to a somewhat asymmetrical core power increase due to feedbacks in the core. In this study, the 7{sup th} AER benchmark is calculated with the three-dimensional nodal reactor dynamics code HEXTRAN-SMABRE coupled with the porous computational fluid dynamics code PORFLO. These three codes are developed at VTT. A novel two-way coupled simulation of the 7{sup th} AER benchmark was performed successfully demonstrating the feasibility and advantages of the new reactor analysis framework. The modelling issues for this benchmark are reported and some evaluation against the previously reported comparisons between the system codes is provided.

77 FR 58203 - AER Energy Resources, Inc.; Alto Group Holdings, Inc.; Bizrocket.Com Inc.; Fox Petroleum, Inc...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-19

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] AER Energy Resources, Inc.; Alto Group Holdings, Inc.; Bizrocket.Com Inc.; Fox Petroleum, Inc.; Geopulse Explorations Inc.; Global Technologies... accuracy of press releases concerning the company's revenues. 4. Fox Petroleum, Inc. is a Nevada...

Análisis de la aptitud aeróbica en jóvenes fumadores aparentemente sanos

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Ana I. García

2014-09-01

Conclusiones: La aptitud aeróbica en jóvenes fumadores militares fue significativamente menor que en el grupo de no fumadores. Su identificación temprana podría traer beneficios en la prevención de enfermedades respiratorias, que actualmente cursan con carácter de epidemia en Colombia.

Iniciación educativa a la resistencia aeróbica. (II Actividades asociadas: el canto en carrera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio D. Galera

2013-12-01

Full Text Available El autor presenta un conjunto de factores didácticos sistemáticos para la iniciación educativa a la resistencia aeróbica, centrándose en métodos aplicables a la realidad escolar desde una perspectiva sostenible. La doctrina en que se sustenta fue desarrollada como resultado de su experiencia con un grupo de niños y niñas que participaron en un programa escolar de educación física cooperativa, uno de cuyos contenidos maestros era el desarrollo de la resistencia aeróbica. Los criterios de aplicación didáctica están contemplados desde el ámbito escolar, de primaria o de secundaria, si bien pueden adaptarse a otros ámbitos, como el entrenamiento a cualquier edad, actividades de tiempo libre, etc. En esta entrega se aborda el papel de las actividades asociadas a su práctica, con especial énfasis en el canto en carrera.

Interim results of the sixth three-dimensional AER dynamic benchmark problem calculation. Solution of problem with DYN3D and RELAP5-3D codes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hadek, J.; Kral, P.; Macek, J.

2001-01-01

The paper gives a brief survey of the 6 th three-dimensional AER dynamic benchmark calculation results received with the codes DYN3D and RELAPS-3D at NRI Rez. This benchmark was defined at the 10 th AER Symposium. Its initiating event is a double ended break in the steam line of steam generator No. I in a WWER-440/213 plant at the end of the first fuel cycle and in hot full power conditions. Stationary and burnup calculations as well as tuning of initial state before the transient were performed with the code DYN3D. Transient calculations were made with the system code RELAPS-3D.The KASSETA library was used for the generation of reactor core neutronic parameters. The detailed six loops model of NPP Dukovany was adopted for the 6 th AER dynamic benchmark purposes. The RELAPS-3D full core neutronic model was connected with seven coolant channels thermal-hydraulic model of the core (Authors)

Efectos del ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza y de la restricción calórica, sobre la composición corporal de ratas obesas

OpenAIRE

I. Coll-Risco; D. Camiletti-Moirón; D.J. Tirado; E. Nebot; A. Andrade; R. Martínez; G. Kapravelou; J.M. Porres; P. Aranda; V.A. Aparicio

2017-01-01

Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza, y de la restricción calórica, sobre el peso y la composición corporal de ratas genéticamente obesas. Método: Un total de 32 ratas genéticamente obesas fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos (n = 16) con o sin ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza. A su vez, cada grupo, con o sin ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con entrenami...

Efectos del ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza y de la restricción calórica, sobre la composición corporal de ratas obesas

OpenAIRE

Coll-Risco, I.; Camiletti-Moirón, D.; Tirado, D.J.; Nebot, E.; Andrade, A.; Martínez, R.; Kapravelou, G.; Porres, J.M.; Aranda, P.; Aparicio, V.A.

2017-01-01

Resumen Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza, y de la restricción calórica, sobre el peso y la composición corporal de ratas genéticamente obesas. Método: Un total de 32 ratas genéticamente obesas fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos (n = 16) con o sin ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza. A su vez, cada grupo, con o sin ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con en...

AER Working Group D on VVER safety analysis minutes of the meeting in Rez, Czech Republic 18-20 May 1998

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siltanen, P.

1998-01-01

AER Working Group D on VVER reactor safety analysis held its seventh meeting in Hotel Vltava in Rez near Prague during the period 18-20 May 1998. There were altogether 11 participants from 8 member organisations. The coordinator for the working group, Mr. P. Siltanen (IVO) served as chairman. In addition to the general information exchange on recent activities, the topics of the meeting included: First review of solutions to the 3-dimensional AER Dynamic Benchmark Problem No. 5 on a steam line break accident. This benchmark involves a break of the main steam header. Safety analysis of reactivity events. Recent code development work and fuel behaviour. Coolant mixing calculations and experiments related to diluted slugs. A list of participants and a list of handouts distributed at the meeting are attached to the minutes. (author)

Etileno e peróxido de hidrogênio na formação de aerênquima em milho tolerante a alagamento intermitente

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Marinês Ferreira Pires

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o papel do etileno e do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2 na formação do aerênquima em ciclos de seleção genética da cultivar de milho BRS 4154, sob alagamento. Plantas dos ciclos C1 e C18 foram submetidas a alagamento por 7 dias, com coleta das raízes aos 0 (controle, sem alagamento, 1 e 7 dias. Foram analisados: a expressão gênica das enzimas ACC sintase (ACS, ACC oxidase (ACO, dismutase do superóxido (SOD e peroxidase do ascorbato (APX; a produção de etileno e o conteúdo de H2O2; a atividade da enzima ACO; e a proporção de aerênquima no córtex. Não houve expressão de ACS e ACO. Houve variação na atividade de ACO e na produção de etileno. A expressão da SOD foi maior em plantas C1 e a da APX, em C18, com redução aos 7 dias. O conteúdo de H2O2 não diferiu entre os tratamentos. A proporção de aerênquima aumentou com o tempo, tendo sido maior em plantas C18 e relacionada à taxa de formação do aerênquima. O tempo de alagamento e o nível de tolerância do ciclo de seleção influenciam a produção do etileno. A expressão da APX indica maior produção de H2O2 no início do alagamento.

Finite-element solutions of the AER-2 rod ejection benchmark by CRONOS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kolev, N.P.; Lenain, R.; Fedon-Magnaud, C.

2001-01-01

The finite-element option in CRONOS was used to analyse the AER-2 rod-ejection benchmark for WWER-440. The objective is to obtain spatially converged solutions by means of node subdivision and approximation refinement. This paper presents the first phase of analysis dealing with the initial and just-ejected states used for calculation of the initial reactivity. Fine-mesh and extrapolated to zero mesh size solutions were obtained and verified by comparison to MAG code solutions. These differences provide potential for large deviations in the transient results and deserve further attention in reactor safety analysis (Authors)

Large-eddy simulation of a turbulent flow over the DrivAer fastback vehicle model

Science.gov (United States)

Ruettgers, Mario; Park, Junshin; You, Donghyun

2017-11-01

In 2012 the Technical University of Munich (TUM) made realistic generic car models called DrivAer available to the public. These detailed models allow a precise calculation of the flow around a lifelike car which was limited to simplified geometries in the past. In the present study, the turbulent flow around one of the models, the DrivAer Fastback model, is simulated using large-eddy simulation (LES). The goal of the study is to give a deeper physical understanding of highly turbulent regions around the car, like at the side mirror or at the rear end. For each region the contribution to the total drag is worked out. The results have shown that almost 35% of the drag is generated from the car wheels whereas the side mirror only contributes 4% of the total drag. Detailed frequency analysis on velocity signals in each wake region have also been conducted and found 3 dominant frequencies which correspond to the dominant frequency of the total drag. Furthermore, vortical structures are visualized and highly energetic points are identified. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) Grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) (No. 2014R1A2A1A11049599, No. 2015R1A2A1A15056086, No. 2016R1E1A2A01939553).

Utilização de reator de leito fluidizado trifásico aeróbio em sistema de tratamento combinado de águas residuárias

OpenAIRE

Campos, Rosane Hein de

2001-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos estudos em um sistema de tratamento combinando reator anaeróbio (tanque séptico) com reator aeróbio (leito fluidizado trifásico), tendo como objetivo avaliar o comportamento do reator aeróbio no tratamento de esgoto sanitário e do restaurante universitário (RU), da UFSC. Utilizou-se um reator de leito fluidizado trifásico...

A pessoa idosa, sua família e a hipertensão arterial: cuidados num Programa de Treinamento Físico Aeróbio

OpenAIRE

Squarcini, Camila Fabiana Rossi; Silva, Luzia Wilma Santana da; Reis, Jonatas Fonseca dos; Pires, Eulina Patrícia Oliveira Ramos; Tonosaki, Lúcia Midori Damaceno; Ferreira, Geisa Albertino

2011-01-01

Estudo objetivou avaliar a pressão arterial e a dimensão morfológica de pessoas idosas, antes e após um programa de exercício físico aeróbio, junto com familiar cuidador. Os resultados demonstraram que a prática do exercício aeróbio regular junto com a família diminuiu a pressão arterial das pessoas idosas hipertensas. A família se mostrou co-participante das atividades físicas, e não apenas “cobrou a participação” dos idosos, sendo esta uma estratégia cuidativa em nível primário para o siste...

'AER Working Group D On WWER Safety Analysis' Report Of The Meeting In Pisa, Italy, 26-27 April 2006

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siltanen, P.

2006-01-01

AER Working Group D on WWER reactor safety analysis held its 15 t h meeting in Grand Hotel Duomo in Pisa, Italy during the period 26-27 April 2006. The meeting was hosted by the University of Pisa following the fourth workshop on the OECD/DOE/CEA WWER-1000 Coolant Transient Benchmark (W1000-CT) held at the same location on 24-25 April. Altogether 15 participants attended the Working Group D meeting, 11 from AER member organizations and 4 guests from non-member organizations. The coordinator for the working group, Mr. P. Siltanen (FNS) served as chairman. In addition to general information exchange on recent activities in the participating organizations, the topics of the meeting included: 1) Code development and benchmarking for reactor dynamics applications. 2) Safety analysis methodology and results. 3) Future activities. A list of participants and a list of handouts distributed at the meeting are attached to the report (Author)

Standard Procedure for Dose Assessment using the film holder NRPB/AERE and the film AGFA Monitoring 2/10

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guillen, J.A.

1998-07-01

This paper describes the calculation method to assess dose and energy using the film holder from NRPB/AERE and the film Agfa Monitoring 2/10. Also includes all the steps since preparing the standard curve, fitting of calibration curve, dose assesment, description of filtration of the film holder and the form of the calibration curve

Building a knowledge base of severe adverse drug events based on AERS reporting data using semantic web technologies.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Guoqian; Wang, Liwei; Liu, Hongfang; Solbrig, Harold R; Chute, Christopher G

2013-01-01

A semantically coded knowledge base of adverse drug events (ADEs) with severity information is critical for clinical decision support systems and translational research applications. However it remains challenging to measure and identify the severity information of ADEs. The objective of the study is to develop and evaluate a semantic web based approach for building a knowledge base of severe ADEs based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) reporting data. We utilized a normalized AERS reporting dataset and extracted putative drug-ADE pairs and their associated outcome codes in the domain of cardiac disorders. We validated the drug-ADE associations using ADE datasets from SIDe Effect Resource (SIDER) and the UMLS. We leveraged the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (CTCAE) grading system and classified the ADEs into the CTCAE in the Web Ontology Language (OWL). We identified and validated 2,444 unique Drug-ADE pairs in the domain of cardiac disorders, of which 760 pairs are in Grade 5, 775 pairs in Grade 4 and 2,196 pairs in Grade 3.

The fifth AER dynamic benchmark calculation with hextran-smabre

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haemaelaeinen, A.; Kyrki-Rajamaeki, R.

1998-01-01

The first AER benchmark for coupling of the thermohydraulic codes and three-dimensional reactordynamic core models is discussed. HEXTRAN 2.7 is used for the core dynamics and SMABRE 4.6 as a thermohydraulic model for the primary and secondary loops. The plant model for SMABRE is based mainly on two input models, the Loviisa model and standard VVER-440/213 plant model. The primary circuit includes six separate loops, totally 505 nodes and 652 junctions. The reactor pressure vessel is divided into six parallel channels. In HEXTRAN calculation 1/6 symmetry is used in the core. In the calculations nuclear data is based on the ENDF/B-IV library and it has been evaluated with the CASMO-HEX code. The importance of the nuclear data was illustrated by repeating the benchmark calculation with using three different data sets. Optimal extensive data valid from hot to cold conditions were not available for all types of fuel enrichments needed in this benchmark. (author)

Nova proposta de teste incremental de remada na avaliação aeróbia de surfistas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Bercht CANOZZI

2015-09-01

Full Text Available ResumoOs objetivos desse estudo foram: 1 verificar as respostas do lactato sanguíneo e da frequência cardíaca (FC durante um protocolo de campo específico de remada no surfe; 2 correlacionar os índices de capacidade e potência aeróbia determinados nesse protocolo específico com o tempo de prática da modalidade e variáveis antropométricas. Participaram deste estudo nove sujeitos (24 ± 4,5 anos; 72,2 ± 6,7 kg; 178,4 ± 4,8 cm que foram submetidos a um teste progressivo intermitente de remada sobre a sua própria prancha de surfe, do tipo vai e vêm, com velocidades iniciais entre 1-1,1 m/s e incrementos de 0,05 m/s a cada 3 min até a exaustão voluntária. Uma resposta linear e exponencial foram observadas para a FC e o lactato sanguíneo, respectivamente, durante o protocolo incremental. Este comportamento foi semelhante ao demonstrado durante protocolos incrementais com objetivo de avaliar a capacidade e a potência aeróbia realizados em outras modalidades cíclicas. Além disso, foram encontradas correlações significantes entre o pico de velocidade (PV e a velocidade correspondente ao início do acúmulo de lactato no sangue (vOBLA (r = 0,87, p = 0,005 e do PV com tempo de prática de surfe (r = 0,70, p = 0,03. No entanto, não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre PV e vOBLA com nenhuma das variáveis antropométricas mensuradas. Assim, podemos concluir que o protocolo incremental específico de remada no surfe utilizado no presente estudo poderia ser uma ferramenta útil na determinação de índices relacionados à capacidade (vOBLA e potência (PV aeróbia de surfistas.

On Multiple AER Handshaking Channels Over High-Speed Bit-Serial Bidirectional LVDS Links With Flow-Control and Clock-Correction on Commercial FPGAs for Scalable Neuromorphic Systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Yousefzadeh, Amirreza; Jablonski, Miroslaw; Iakymchuk, Taras; Linares-Barranco, Alejandro; Rosado, Alfredo; Plana, Luis A; Temple, Steve; Serrano-Gotarredona, Teresa; Furber, Steve B; Linares-Barranco, Bernabe

2017-10-01

Address event representation (AER) is a widely employed asynchronous technique for interchanging "neural spikes" between different hardware elements in neuromorphic systems. Each neuron or cell in a chip or a system is assigned an address (or ID), which is typically communicated through a high-speed digital bus, thus time-multiplexing a high number of neural connections. Conventional AER links use parallel physical wires together with a pair of handshaking signals (request and acknowledge). In this paper, we present a fully serial implementation using bidirectional SATA connectors with a pair of low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) wires for each direction. The proposed implementation can multiplex a number of conventional parallel AER links for each physical LVDS connection. It uses flow control, clock correction, and byte alignment techniques to transmit 32-bit address events reliably over multiplexed serial connections. The setup has been tested using commercial Spartan6 FPGAs attaining a maximum event transmission speed of 75 Meps (Mega events per second) for 32-bit events at a line rate of 3.0 Gbps. Full HDL codes (vhdl/verilog) and example demonstration codes for the SpiNNaker platform will be made available.

An ecological and economic assessment of absorption-enhanced-reforming (AER) biomass gasification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heffels, Tobias; McKenna, Russell; Fichtner, Wolf

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Analysis of biomass gasification with new absorption enhanced reforming technology. • Energy- and mass balances for three different process configurations to produce heat, SNG and/or hydrogen. • Ecological (based on LCA) and economic (based on production costs) assessment of the technology. • Comparison of results with existing operational plants producing similar products. - Abstract: Biomass gasification with absorption enhanced reforming (AER) is a promising technology to produce a hydrogen-rich product gas that can be used to generate electricity, heat, substitute natural gas (SNG) and hydrogen (5.0 quality). To evaluate the production of the four products from an ecological and economic point of view, three different process configurations are considered. The plant setup involves two coupled fluidized beds: the steam gasifier and the regenerator. Subsequently the product gas can be used to operate a CHP plant (configuration one), be methanised (configuration two) or used to produce high-quality hydrogen (configuration three). Regarding ecological criteria, the global warming potential, the acidification potential and the cumulative energy demand of the processes are calculated, based on a life-cycle assessment approach. The economic analysis is based on the levelized costs of energy generation (LCOE). The AER-based processes are compared to conventional and renewable reference processes, which they might stand to substitute. The results show that the AER processes are beneficial from an ecological point of view as they are less carbon intensive (mitigating up to 800gCO 2 -eq.kW -1 h el -1 ), require less fossil energy input (only about 0.5kWh fossil kW -1 h el -1 ) and have a comparable acidification potential (300–900mgSO 2 -eq.kW -1 h el -1 ) to most reference processes. But the results depend heavily on the extent to which excess heat can be used to replace conventional heating processes, and hence on the exact location of the plant

Avaliação da biotratabilidade do efluentede branqueamento de polpa celulósicapor processos aeróbios e anaeróbios

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Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Os efluentes da planta de branqueamento da produção de pasta celulósica apresentam, além de elevadas concentrações de matéria orgânica em termos de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO e cor, compostos com elevada toxicidade, o que torna o tratamento destes efluentes problemático. O objetivo do presente artigo é avaliar a biotratabilidade dos efluentes de branqueamento ácido e alcalino de polpa celulósica kraft por processos aeróbios e anaeróbios por meio da caracterização, utilizando parâmetros convencionais e coletivos. Os resultados de DQO inerte, biodegradabilidade aeróbia e anaeróbia, distribuição de massas molares, produtos microbianos solúveis e substâncias poliméricas extracelulares indicaram a baixa biotratabilidade dos efluentes

AERE contracts with DoE on the treatment and disposal of intermediate level wastes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Partridge, B.A.

1984-06-01

This document reports work carried out in 1983/84 under 10 contracts between DoE and AERE on the treatment and disposal of intermediate level wastes. Individual summaries are provided for each contract report within the document, under the headings: comparative evaluation of α and βγ irradiated medium level waste forms; modelling and characterisation of intermediate level waste forms based on polymers; optimisation of processing parameters for polymer and bitumen modified cements; ceramic waste forms; radionuclide release during leaching; ion exchange processes; electrical processes for the treatment of medium active liquid wastes; fast reactor fuel element cladding; dissolver residues; flowsheeting/systems study. (U.K.)

Preliminary results of the seventh three-dimensional AER dynamic benchmark problem calculation. Solution with DYN3D and RELAP5-3D codes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bencik, M.; Hadek, J.

2011-01-01

The paper gives a brief survey of the seventh three-dimensional AER dynamic benchmark calculation results received with the codes DYN3D and RELAP5-3D at Nuclear Research Institute Rez. This benchmark was defined at the twentieth AER Symposium in Hanassari (Finland). It is focused on investigation of transient behaviour in a WWER-440 nuclear power plant. Its initiating event is opening of the main isolation valve and re-connection of the loop with its main circulation pump in operation. The WWER-440 plant is at the end of the first fuel cycle and in hot full power conditions. Stationary and burnup calculations were performed with the code DYN3D. Transient calculation was made with the system code RELAP5-3D. The two-group homogenized cross sections library HELGD05 created by HELIOS code was used for the generation of reactor core neutronic parameters. The detailed six loops model of NPP Dukovany was adopted for the seventh AER dynamic benchmark purposes. The RELAP5-3D full core neutronic model was coupled with 49 core thermal-hydraulic channels and 8 reflector channels connected with the three-dimensional model of the reactor vessel. The detailed nodalization of reactor downcomer, lower and upper plenum was used. Mixing in lower and upper plenum was simulated. The first part of paper contains a brief characteristic of RELAP5-3D system code and a short description of NPP input deck and reactor core model. The second part shows the time dependencies of important global and local parameters. (Authors)

Comportamento de reator de leito fluidizado trifásico aeróbico utilizando diferentes materiais suporte

OpenAIRE

Martins, Cláudia Lavina

2003-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental. Este trabalho apresenta estudos realizados com reator de leito fluidizado trifásico aeróbio (RLFTA), aplicado ao tratamento de esgoto sanitário, tendo como objetivo avaliar seu comportamento utilizando diferentes materiais suporte: PET, OSBG® e PVC. Foram aplicadas cargas orgânicas volumétricas (COV) de 13 a 29 Kg DQO/m3.dia e tempo de retenção hidráulica ...

Treinamento aeróbico prévio à compressão nervosa: análise da morfometria muscular de ratos

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Elisangela Lourdes Artifon

2013-02-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Ciatalgia origina-se da compressão do nervo isquiático e implica em dor, parestesia, diminuição da força muscular e hipotrofia. O exercício físico é reconhecido na prevenção e reabilitação de lesões, porém quando em sobrecargas pode aumentar o risco de lesões e consequente déficit funcional. OBJETIVO: Avaliar efeitos de treinamento aeróbico prévio a modelo experimental de ciatalgia em relação a parâmetros morfométricos dos músculos sóleos de ratos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: 18 ratos divididos em três grupos: simulacro (mergulho, 30 segundos; exercício regular (natação, dez minutos diários; e treinamento aeróbico progressivo (natação em tempos progressivos de dez a 60 minutos diários. Ao final de seis semanas de exercício, os ratos foram submetidos ao modelo experimental da ciatalgia. No terceiro dia após a lesão, foram eutanasiados e tiveram seus músculos sóleos dissecados, pesados e preparados para análise histológica. Variáveis analisadas: peso muscular, área de secção transversa e diâmetro médio das fibras musculares. RESULTADOS: Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa para todos os grupos quando se comparou músculo controle e aquele submetido à lesão isquiática. A análise intergrupos não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. CONCLUSÃO: Tanto o exercício físico regular quanto o treinamento aeróbico não produziram efeitos preventivos ou agravantes às consequências musculares da inatividade funcional após ciatalgia.

Efecto del ejercicio aeróbico en la rigidez vascular en una población sana

OpenAIRE

Pizano, Alejandro; Echeverri, Darío; Montes, Félix R.

2017-01-01

Introducción: Un estilo de vida saludable es determinante para la salud cardiovascular. Existe controversia en los efectos vasculares benéficos del ejercicio físico. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de los parámetros de rigidez vascular en una población sana que practica ejercicio aeróbico rutinario en comparación con una población sana sedentaria. Métodos: Estudio de 32 sujetos sanos, pareados por edad y sexo: 12 hombres y 20 mujeres (46,3 ± 9,7 años), en el cual se evaluaron y comp...

Desempenho de reator anaeróbio-aeróbio de leito fixo no tratamento de esgoto sanitário Performance of anaerobic-aerobic packed-bed reactor in the treatment of domestic sewage

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Sérgio Brasil Abreu

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo relata a avaliação do desempenho de um reator anaeróbio-aeróbio, preenchido com espuma de poliuretano, para tratamento de esgoto sanitário. Inicialmente, foram testados diferentes tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH no reator que operou apenas em condições anaeróbias. Em seguida, foi operado o reator combinado anaeróbio-aeróbio. O melhor resultado para o reator em operação exclusivamente anaeróbia foi para o TDH de 10 horas, no qual se conseguiu reduzir a DQO de 389 ± 70 mg/L para 137 ± 16 mg/L. Para o reator anaeróbio-aeróbio, a DQO foi reduzida de 259 ± 69 mg/L para 93 ± 31 mg/L para TDH de 12 h (6 h no estágio anaeróbio e 6 h no aeróbio. A comparação de todos os resultados obtidos evidenciou a importância do pós-tratamento aeróbio na remoção de parcela de matéria orgânica não removida em tratamento unicamente anaeróbio.This paper reports on the performance evaluation of an upflow anaerobic-aerobic reactor, filled with polyurethane matrices, for domestic sewage treatment. Initially, different hydraulic retention times were assayed with the reactor operating exclusively in anaerobic condition. Afterwards, anaerobic-aerobic combined reactor was operated. The anaerobic operation with HRT of 10 h provided the best organic matter removal with COD reduction from 389 ± 70 mg/L to 137 ± 16 mg/L. Under anaerobic-aerobic condition, the COD dropped from 259 ± 69 mg/L to 93 ± 31 mg/L with HRT of 12 h (6 h in anaerobic and 6 h in aerobic stages. Finally, comparing all the obtained results, it was possible to verify the importance of the aerobic post treatment in the removal of part of the organic matter not removed in an exclusively anaerobic treatment.

Influência do treinamento aeróbio e anaeróbio na massa de gordura corporal de adolescentes obesos Influencia del entrenamiento aeróbico y anaeróbico en la masa grasa corporal de adolescentes obesos Influence of the aerobic and anaerobic training on the body fat mass in obese adolescents

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Ana Cláudia Fernandez

2004-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as influências do exercício aeróbio e anaeróbio na composição corporal de adolescentes obesos do sexo masculino. A amostra foi constituída de 28 adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, que apresentavam obesidade grave. Os voluntários foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo I: exercício anaeróbio; grupo II: exercício aeróbio; e grupo III: controle. O grupo I realizou treinamento intervalado em cicloergômetro que consistiu de 12 "tiros" de 30" com máxima força e velocidade, pedalando com carga alta (0,8% do massa corporal x 25 watts e recuperação ativa de 3'; o grupo II realizou treinamento aeróbio em cicloergômetro pedalando com carga relativa ao limiar ventilatório por 50 minutos. Já o terceiro grupo funcionou como controle, sem atividade física. Todos os grupos tiveram orientação nutricional e o período de intervenção foi de 12 semanas (três meses. Os voluntários realizaram densitometria óssea com análise da composição corporal (DEXA e avaliações médicas e de aptidão física. Quando comparados os períodos inicial e final de intervenção foram observadas reduções nas variáveis massa corporal, IMC, na massa de gordura corporal total e de membros inferiores e na percentagem de gordura corporal de tronco nos grupos de exercício. Diferenças foram observadas entre os grupos I e III para os deltas percentuais de massa de gordura corporal total e de membros inferiores e na percentagem de gordura de membros inferiores. Os dados sugerem que o exercício físico, tanto aeróbio como anaeróbio, aliado à orientação nutricional, promove maior redução ponderal, quando comparado com a orientação nutricional somente, e que, neste estudo, o exercício anaeróbio foi mais eficiente para promover a diminuição da gordura corporal e da percentagem de gordura e o exercício aeróbio foi mais eficaz no sentido de preservar e/ou aumentar a massa magra e a

Asociación entre capacidad aeróbica y calidad de vida en adultos mayores de una ciudad colombiana

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Marco Chaves-García

Full Text Available RESUMEN Con el objetivo de determinar la asociación entre la capacidad aeróbica y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos mayores, se encuestaron 121 personas en quienes se realizó el protocolo de Bruce modificado, como predictor del consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 máximo y el cuestionario de calidad de vida SF-36. El promedio de VO2 máximo para hombres fue de 26,56±12,67 mL/kg/min, y para mujeres de 25,36±10,72 mL/kg/min, obteniéndose asociación significativa entre el sexo y el nivel de VO2 máximo (p=0,018, las dimensiones de función física y función social fueron las de mayor promedio en el total de la muestra y la capacidad aeróbica explica en un 15,3% la función física. Se concluye que el nivel pobre de VO2 máximo predomino en ambos sexos y existe asociación entre el nivel de VO2 máximo con las dimensiones de función física, desempeño físico, salud general, vitalidad y función social.

Summary on the activity of AERs Working Group on core monitoring (flux reconstruction, in-core measurements)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nemes, I.

2010-01-01

Working Group C had a joint meeting with Group G in Balatonfuered, Hungary, 31 May-1 June, 2010. At the joint meeting 21 people from 10 AER member organisations of 4 countries - such as Russia, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary - participated. In the 2 days of the program 15 papers were presented, 10 from these connected to the topic of working group C. The title of papers and the list of participants are attached. At the meeting the following topics were discussed:1-Gd fuel introduction and experiences;2-Reactor physical measurement and evaluation problems; 3-Code development and testing;4-In-core surveillance system developments. (Author)

Nova proposta de teste incremental de remada na avaliação aeróbia de surfistas

OpenAIRE

CANOZZI, Felipe Bercht; SILVEIRA, Bruno Honorato da; OLIVEIRA, Mariana Fernandes Mendes de; CAPUTO, Fabrízio

2015-01-01

ResumoOs objetivos desse estudo foram: 1) verificar as respostas do lactato sanguíneo e da frequência cardíaca (FC) durante um protocolo de campo específico de remada no surfe; 2) correlacionar os índices de capacidade e potência aeróbia determinados nesse protocolo específico com o tempo de prática da modalidade e variáveis antropométricas. Participaram deste estudo nove sujeitos (24 ± 4,5 anos; 72,2 ± 6,7 kg; 178,4 ± 4,8 cm) que foram submetidos a um teste progressivo intermitente de remada...

Comparison of the updated solutions of the 6th dynamic AER Benchmark - main steam line break in a NPP with WWER-440

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kliem, S.

2003-01-01

The 6 th dynamic AER Benchmark is used for the systematic validation of coupled 3D neutron kinetic/thermal hydraulic system codes. It was defined at The 10 th AER-Symposium. In this benchmark, a hypothetical double ended break of one main steam line at full power in a WWER-440 plant is investigated. The main thermal hydraulic features are the consideration of incomplete coolant mixing in the lower and upper plenum of the reactor pressure vessel and an asymmetric operation of the feed water system. For the tuning of the different nuclear cross section data used by the participants, an isothermal re-criticality temperature was defined. The paper gives an overview on the behaviour of the main thermal hydraulic and neutron kinetic parameters in the provided solutions. The differences in the updated solution in comparison to the previous ones are described. Improvements in the modelling of the transient led to a better agreement of a part of the results while for another part the deviations rose up. The sensitivity of the core power behaviour on the secondary side modelling is discussed in detail (Authors)

Information about AER WG A on improvement, extension and validation of parametrized few-group libraries for VVER 440 and VVER 1000

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mikolas, P.

2010-01-01

Joint AER Working Group A on 'Improvement, extension and validation of parameterized few-group libraries for WWER-440 and WWER-1000' and AER Working Group B on 'Core design' nineteenth meeting was hosted by VUJE a. s. in Modra - Harmonia (Slovakia) during the period of 20. to 22. April 2010. There were present altogether 12 participants from 8 member organizations and 9 papers were presented (8 of them in written form). Objectives of the meeting of WG A are: Issues connected with spectral calculations and few-groups libraries preparation, their accuracy and validation. Presentations were devoted to some aspects of transport and diffusion calculations and to the benchmark dealing with WWER-1000 core periphery power tilt. Tamas Parko (co-authors Istvan Pos and Sandor Patai Szabo) described in his presentation 'Application of Discontinuity factors in C-PORCA 7 code', Radoslav Zajac (co-authors Petr Darilek and Vladimir Necas) spoke about 'Fast Reactor Nodalisation in HELIOS Code', Gabriel Farkas presented 'Calculation of Spatial Weighting Functions of Ex-Core Neutron Detectors for WWER-440 Using Monte Carlo Approach' and Daniel Sprinzl (co-authors Vaclav Krysl, Pavel Mikolas and Jiri Svarny) provided a definition of a benchmark in ' 'MIDICORE' WWER-1000 core periphery power tilt benchmark proposal'. (Author)

Information about AER WG a on improvement, extension and validation of parametrized few-group libraries for VVER 440 and VVER 1000

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mikolas, P.

2009-01-01

Joint AER Working Group A on 'Improvement, extension and validation of parameterized few-group libraries for VVER-440 and VVER-1000' and AER Working group B on 'Core design' eighteenth meeting was hosted by Skoda JS a.s. in Plzen (Czech Republic) during the period of 4 to 6 May 2009. There were present altogether 16 participants from 6 member organizations and 13 presentations were read. Objectives of the meeting of WG A are: Issues connected with spectral calculations and few-groups libraries preparation, their accuracy and validation. Presentations were devoted to some aspects of few group libraries preparations and to the benchmark dealing with VVER-440 follower modeling in calculations. Gy. Hegyi gave some new information about NURESIM-NURISP EU project (ZR-6), R. Zajac spoke about the development of data libraries for codes BIPR-7 and PERMAK, P. Darilek compared FA's with Gd during burning process and Yu. Bilodid described further development of plutonium-based burnup history modeling in DYN3D burnup calculations. G. Hordosy presented results of control rod follower induced local power peaking computational benchmark and J. Svarny described Monte Carlo VVER-440 control rod follower benchmark computations. Future activities are also shortly described in the end of the paper. (author)

Estudo descritivo-comparativo de parâmetros de desempenho aeróbio de atletas profissionais de futebol e futsal

OpenAIRE

Baroni, Bruno Manfredini; Couto, William; Leal Junior, Ernesto Cesar Pinto

2011-01-01

Embora futebol e futsal sejam modalidades esportivas com gestos motores semelhantes, as diferenças nas dimensões do local da dinâmica do jogo geram demandas fisiológicas distintas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar parâmetros representativos da capacidade aeróbia de atletas profissionais de futebol e futsal. Foram realizadas 553 avaliações ergoespirométricas: 367 atletas de futebol (32 goleiros; 335 jogadores de linha) e 186 de futsal (22 goleiros; 164 jogadores de linha). Os res...

Influência do treinamento aeróbio nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos da hipertensão arterial sistêmica

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Francisco Luciano Pontes Júnior

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo da presente revisão foi discutir as principais influências do exercício aeróbio nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos da hipertensão sistêmica. A hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE resulta de uma redução persistente na resistência vascular periférica (RVP, mediada pelo sistema nervoso autônomo e por substâncias vasodilatadoras. A diminuição da pressão arterial com o treinamento crônico ocorre pela diminuição da RVP e do débito cardíaco em repouso, por meio da redução da atividade neural simpática e do aumento da sensibilidade barorreflexa. Além disso, o exercício crônico pode promover redução da concentração de catecolaminas, melhora do perfil metabólico, afetar a atividade funcional do endotélio vascular e promover mudanças positivas na composição corporal. Desse modo, a inclusão do exercício físico aeróbio é fortemente recomendada como estratégia não farmacológica para o tratamento da hipertensão, não apenas pelo efeito benéfico na pressão arterial, bem como na redução de fatores de risco cardiovasculares.

HEXTRAN-SMABRE calculation of the 6th AER Benchmark, main steam line break in a WWER-440 NPP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haemaelaeinen, A.; Kyrki-Rajamaeki, R.

2003-01-01

The sixth AER benchmark is the second AER benchmark for couplings of the thermal hydraulic codes and three dimensional neutron kinetic core models. It concerns a double end break of one main steam line in a WWER-440 plant. The core is at the end of its first cycle in full power conditions. In VTT HEXTRAN2.9 is used for the core kinetics and dynamics and SMABRE4.8 as a thermal hydraulic model for the primary and secondary loop. The plant model for SMABRE consists mainly of two input models, Loviisa model and a standard WWER-440/213 plant model. The primary loop includes six separate loops, the pressure vessel is divided into six parallel channels in SMABRE and the whole core calculation is performed in the core with HEXTRAN. The horizontal steam generators are modelled with heat transfer tubes in five levels and vertically with two parts, riser and downcomer. With this kind of detailed modelling of steam generators there occurs strong flashing after break opening. As a sequence of the main steam line break at nominal power level, the reactor trip is followed quite soon. The liquid temperature continues to decrease in one core inlet sector which may lead to recriticality and neuron power increase. The situation is very sensitive to small changes in the steam generator and break flow modelling and therefore several sensitivity calculations have been done. Also two stucked control rods have been assumed. Due to boric acid concentration in the high pressure safety injection subcriticality is finally guaranteed in the transient (Authors)

Exercício físico aeróbio, resistido e combinado: efeitos na pressão arterial em indivíduos hipertensos

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Julia Spanhol da Silva

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: analisar possíveis efeitos na pressão arterial de três sujeitos hipertensos, a partir da aplicação de três tipos de exercícios: aeróbio, resistido e combinado. Método: o estudo de caso utilizou, como instrumento, equipamento manual de verificação de pressão arterial, monitor de frequência cardíaca Polar, ficha de anotações da pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca. Os sujeitos analisados realizaram as atividades em academia do município de Passo Fundo-RS. Resultados e considerações finais: na PAS e na PAD, o exercício que obteve efeito hipotensor foi o resistido e na FC, o treinamento que obteve melhor resposta hipotensora foi também o treino resistido, seguido do treinamento combinado, em que o treinamento aeróbio apenas diminuiu seus valores de desvio padrão. Para tanto, conclui-se que, para estes indivíduos participantes do estudo, o melhor treinamento e os melhores resultados foram alcançados pelo treinamento resistido.

Efeito do treinamento aeróbio nos níveis de homocisteína em indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2

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Alexandre de Souza e Silva

2015-08-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Os programas de treinamento aeróbio têm demonstrado bons resultados no controle das variáveis de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos diabéticos; no entanto, os efeitos nos níveis de homocisteína não estão claros. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio nos níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína e fatores de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2.MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 15 mulheres com diabetes do tipo 2 e média de idade 68,86 ± 11,2 anos. Todos os indivíduos da amostra foram submetidos a um teste de avaliação do consumo máximo de oxigénio (VO2máx seguindo o protocolo de Bruce, avaliação da pressão arterial e avaliação antropométrica. Foi também efetuada uma coleta de 10 ml de sangue (veia antecubital em jejum de no mínimo 12 horas. O plasma foi separado e processado para posterior análise da concentração de homocisteína (mmol/l, colesterol total (mg/dl, lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade (VLDL (mg/dl, lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL (mg/dl, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL (mg/dl, triglicérides (mg/dl e glicemia (mg/dl. Os testes foram feitos antes e após 16 semanas de treinamento aeróbio. O programa foi realizado com 2 sessões de treinamento não consecutivas por semana, com intensidade compreendida entre 60% e 70% da frequência cardíaca máxima e duração de 75 minutos por sessão.RESULTADOS: Os resultados observados revelam que o programa de exercício físico induziu uma diminuição não significativa da concentração plasmática de homocisteína. Foram ainda identificadas melhorias do perfil lipídico e do Consumo Máximo de Oxigênio (VO2máx, diminuição da glicemia, da pressão arterial diastólica, do percentual de gordura e massa gorda.CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que o programa de treinamento aeróbio reduziu o risco cardiovascular em indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2, embora a alteração da homocisteína não tenha sido significativa.

Comparação de dois testes indiretos anaeróbicos em futebolistas profissionais e suas correlações com o desempenho aeróbico

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Saulo Fernandes Melo de Oliveira

Full Text Available Resumo Para comparar e correlacionar dois testes anaeróbicos com a potência aeróbica nove jogadores de futebol passaram por avaliações ao longo de três dias: Wingate (dia 1, yo-yo intermitente (dia 2 e running anaerobic sprint (RAST, dia 3. Foram consideradas a potência máxima absoluta e relativa (Pmax, potência média absoluta e relativa (Pmed, o índice de fadiga (IF% e o VO2máx. Apenas a Pmed relativa foi diferente entre os testes (p < 0.05. Foram verificadas associações entre a Pmax e Pmed absolutas com o VO2máx (r= -0,69, p < 0,05; r= -0,81; p < 0,05 no Wingate; entre Pmax absoluta e o IF% com o VO2máx (r= -0,83, p < 0,01; r= -0,86; p < 0,01 no RAST. Conclui-se que apenas o RAST possui associações com a capacidade aeróbica.

Entrenamiento de la capacidad aeróbica por medio de la terapia acuática en niños con parálisis cerebral tipo diplejía espástica

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Nandy Fajardo López

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes. La parálisis cerebral tipo diplejía espática genera cambios en el sistema cardiovascular que afectan la capacidad aeróbica. La terapia acuática es una estrategia terapéutica óptima tanto para el manejo de la población como para el entrenamiento de la capacidad aeróbica, por las respuestas fisiológicas que genera y porque brinda la facilidad de generar mayores cargas al sistema cardiovascular con menores riesgos que en tierra. Objetivo. Identificar las características que debe tener una propuesta de intervención fisioterapéutica para el entrenamiento de la capacidad aérobica en niños y niñas entre los 8 y los 12 años, con parálisis cerebral tipo diplejía espástica, empleando la terapia acuática. Materiales y métodos. Se desarrolló un estudio de tipo descriptivo-propositivo, en el cual se formuló una propuesta de intervención basada en información recolectada a través de referencias bibliográficas. Resultados. Se presentan en forma de propuesta de intervención, describiendo en detalle las fases del entrenamiento de la capacidad aeróbica, mediante los principios del entrenamiento y la prescripción de ejercicio físico, teniendo en cuenta las respuestas fisiológicas ante la carga, así como las características propias de la población. Conclusión. La parálisis cerebral tipo diplejía espástica, genera cambios en la capacidad aeróbica; por esto, el fisioterapeuta debe incluirla en los procesos de rehabilitación como uno de sus objetivos. Para lograrlo, la terapia acuática es una modalidad de tratamiento óptima, puesto que genera mayor seguridad de movimiento y respuestas fisiológicas favorables en el sistema cardiovascular.

AER working group A on improvement extension and validation of parametrized few-group libraries for VVER-440 and VVER-1000

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Svarny, J.

1998-01-01

The AER Working Groups A and B held its sixth meeting at SKODA JS, Plzen in April 28 and 29, 1998. There were altogether 13 participants from 6 member organizations. The list of participants and the list of papers are attached. Main topics of the meeting were: A few-group cross-section library preparation methodology (standard few-group libraries, kinetics parameters, SPND signal interpretation parametrization) and its validation; Participation on intercomparisons of spectral codes (spectral codes benchmark); of kinetics parameters calculations (kinetics parameters benchmark). (author)

Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio e resistido nas respostas cardiovasculares de idosos ativos

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Rafaella Ribas Locks

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos da associação do treinamento aeróbio e resistido nas respostas cardiovasculares de idosos. MÉTODOS: Onze sujeitos (ambos os gêneros, 70 ± 5 anos realizaram, duas vezes por semana, caminhada e exercícios resistidos para membros inferiores por 12 semanas. As avaliações foram realizadas antes, a cada quatro semanas de treinamento e após quatro semanas de destreinamento, por meio do teste de seis minutos de caminhada e aferição de pressão arterial (PA e frequência cardíaca (FC antes, imediatamente após e no quinto e décimo minutos subsequentes ao teste. Os resultados foram comparados pelo teste Wilcoxon (p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS: Quatro semanas de treinamento promoveram redução da PA sistólica e diastólica em repouso (120 ± 16 mmHg vs. 138 ± 20 mmHg, p = 0,01; 70 ± 9 mmHg vs. 84 ± 10 mmHg, p = 0,007, respectivamente e redução da PA diastólica imediatamente após o teste (78 ± 12 mmHg vs. 86 ± 9 mmHg, p = 0,01, que persistiu após dez minutos do esforço submáximo, quando comparadas ao pré-treino. Após 12 semanas, houve aumento da distância percorrida (555 ± 65m vs. 514 ± 100 m, p = 0,04 quando comparado ao pré-treino e recuperação dos valores de repouso da FC dez minutos após o esforço. CONCLUSÃO: A associação do treinamento aeróbio e resistido, em apenas quatro semanas, promoveu adaptações cardiovasculares eficientes na redução da PA sistólica e diastólica. Após 12 semanas, houve aumento da resistência à caminhada submáxima e recuperação dos valores em repouso da FC. Mesmo com o destreinamento, todos os resultados, exceto a FC, foram mantidos.

Efecto de una intervención ACT sobre la resistencia aeróbica y evitación experiencial en marchistas

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María Clara Rodríguez Salazar

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio tuvo como propósito identificar el efecto de la intervención en Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT sobre la resistencia aeróbica y conducta de evitación experiencial en un grupo de marchistas de Bogotá. Se utilizó un diseño pretest-postest con grupo control. La muestra estuvo compuesta por diez marchistas de ambos sexos, con un promedio de edad de 16.70 y un rango entre los 15 y 20 años de edad, pertenecientes a la Liga de Atletismo de Bogotá. Se eligieron por conveniencia. Se emplearon como instrumentos de medición el test de los 3000 m y el Cuestionario de Aceptación Acción (AAQ. La intervención en ACT se realizó en cuatro sesiones en las que se desarrollaron los contenidos definidos por los autores de la intervención (Wilson y Luciano, 2002. Para el análisis de los datos, se empleó estadística no paramétrica a través de la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Los resultados señalan una mayor resistencia aeróbica en la prueba de los 3000 m en el postest del grupo experimental con respecto al grupo control, así como una mayoraceptación de los eventos internos negativos.

Desempenho anaeróbico lático e aeróbico de mulheres com ciclo menstruai ovulatório

OpenAIRE

Ribeiro, Cléo Pereira

2013-01-01

Este trabalho analisou o comportamento das potências anaeróbica lática e aeróbica durante as fases folicular e lútea do ciclo menstruai. O exercício físico induz respostas semelhantes entre os sexos. Entretanto, a mulher sofre flutuações significativas nos caminhos fisiológicos, uma vez que seus hormônios não são secretados continua­mente durante o mês. Esse padrão rítmico é conhecido por ciclo feminino ou menstruai: este apresenta duas fases - folicular e lútea. Alguns autores afirmam que du...

Desarrollo de la potencia aeróbica con dos diferentes métodos de entrenamiento en alumnos del polimodal

OpenAIRE

Díaz, Miguel Ángel

2009-01-01

El propósito del trabajo es determinar si dos estímulos semanales durante 6 semanas, utilizando 2 diferentes métodos de entrenamiento de resistencia, desarrollan la potencia aeróbica en jóvenes varones de 16 y 17 años que cursan el polimodal. Los Criterios de exclusión fueron, edad, practicar deporte (cíclicos o acíclicos) de manera federada o padecer alguna enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes o asma. Se dividió la muestra en dos grupos experimentales de 30 sujetos y un grupo control de 20. C...

Cálcio e o desenvolvimento de aerênquimas e atividade de celulase em plântulas de milho submetidas a hipoxia Calcium and the development of aerenchyma and celulase activity in corn seedlings subjected to hypoxia

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Bárbara França Dantas

2001-06-01

Full Text Available A formação de aerênquimas é conhecida como uma das mais importantes adaptações anatômicas pelas quais as plantas passam quando são submetidas à deficiência de oxigênio. Esse tecido se desenvolve pela ação de enzimas de degradação ou afrouxamento da parede celular. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar o desenvolvimento de aerênquima em plântulas de milho cv. Saracura- BRS 4154, submetidas à hipoxia. Associou-se, ao desenvolvimento dessa estrutura, a atividade da celulase. Para tanto, plântulas com 4 dias de idade foram submetidas aos tratamentos de hipoxia, pela imersão em tampão de alagamento, na ausência e presença de cálcio. Após 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 dias da aplicação dos tratamentos, foram feitos cortes anatômicos na região apical dos coleóptiles e na região intermediária da raiz para a avaliação da formação de aerênquimas, e coletado o material para os ensaios enzimáticos de celulase. A atividade celulase foi medida através de método viscosimétrico. Nas raízes, a formação de aerênquima aumentou logo após a hipoxia e atingiu 50% do total do córtex ao quarto dia de hipoxia. Este órgão apresentou uma área cortical com aerênquima em média sete vezes maior que nos coleóptiles, onde a área de espaços intercelulares atingiu 15% do córtex. A atividade da celulase em coleóptiles e raízes sofreu, inicialmente, um decréscimo devido ao estresse, aumentando em seguida, acompanhando os resultados de aerênquima. Na presença de cálcio o desenvolvimento de aerênquima foi inibido; no entanto, a atividade enzimática foi induzida.Aerenchyma formation is known as one of the most important anatomical adaptations of plants submitted to oxygen shortage. This tissue develops by action of degrading enzymes and resulting in cell wall loosening. This work was conducted with the objective of verifying aerenchyma development in corn seedlings cv. Saracura - BRS 4154, submitted to hypoxia. The

Efectos del ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza y de la restricción calórica, sobre la composición corporal de ratas obesas

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I. Coll-Risco

2017-03-01

Conclusiones: Tanto el programa de ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza desarrollado, como la restricción calórica, fueron eficaces, mejorando la composición corporal de ratas obesas, pero el ejercicio lo hizo en mayor magnitud.

Microstructure characterization and mechanical behavior of laser additive manufactured ultrahigh-strength AerMet100 steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ran, Xianzhe [National Engineering Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing for Large Metallic Components, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Liu, Dong [National Engineering Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing for Large Metallic Components, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Laser Direct Manufacturing for Large Metallic Component, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Li, An, E-mail: li_an@buaa.edu.cn [National Engineering Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing for Large Metallic Components, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Laser Direct Manufacturing for Large Metallic Component, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Wang, Huaming; Tang, Haibo [National Engineering Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing for Large Metallic Components, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Laser Direct Manufacturing for Large Metallic Component, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Cheng, Xu [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China)

2016-04-29

Ultrahigh-strength AerMet100 steel thick plate was fabricated by laser additive manufacturing process. The as-deposited microstructures of the test steel were characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties were then examined using vickers-hardness test and tensile test. Results indicate that the as-deposited microstructures of the steel mainly consist of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite (GBA), grain interior irregular proeutectoid ferrite, plate-like upper bainite, needle-like lower bainite and retained austenite, which result in a good strength and some ductility anisotropy. The low deformation compatibility of specimen at the transverse direction (perpendicular to the deposition direction) mainly ascribes to the poor cracking resistance of the prior-austenite columnar grain boundary with coarse GBA phases. Compared to the almost intergranular cracking taken place in the transverse tensile specimen, the fracture mode of the longitudinal tensile specimen is a mixed mode of the predominant transgranular cracking and minor intergranular cracking.

Microstructure characterization and mechanical behavior of laser additive manufactured ultrahigh-strength AerMet100 steel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ran, Xianzhe; Liu, Dong; Li, An; Wang, Huaming; Tang, Haibo; Cheng, Xu

2016-01-01

Ultrahigh-strength AerMet100 steel thick plate was fabricated by laser additive manufacturing process. The as-deposited microstructures of the test steel were characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties were then examined using vickers-hardness test and tensile test. Results indicate that the as-deposited microstructures of the steel mainly consist of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite (GBA), grain interior irregular proeutectoid ferrite, plate-like upper bainite, needle-like lower bainite and retained austenite, which result in a good strength and some ductility anisotropy. The low deformation compatibility of specimen at the transverse direction (perpendicular to the deposition direction) mainly ascribes to the poor cracking resistance of the prior-austenite columnar grain boundary with coarse GBA phases. Compared to the almost intergranular cracking taken place in the transverse tensile specimen, the fracture mode of the longitudinal tensile specimen is a mixed mode of the predominant transgranular cracking and minor intergranular cracking.

Efecto del ejercicio físico aeróbico sobre los niveles séricos de adiponectina y leptina en mujeres posmenopáusicas

OpenAIRE

Aranzález, Luz Helena; Mockus Sivickas, Ismena; Ramírez, Doris; Mancera, Erica; García, Óscar

2011-01-01

Antecedentes. Las variaciones de peso corporal se acompañan de modificaciones en los niveles circulantes de adipocinas como la adiponectina y la leptina.  Durante la posmenopausia se presenta una tendencia al incremento de peso. Se recomienda ejercicio físico, que tiene efectos sobre tejido adiposo y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, como parte del tratamiento del sobrepeso y obesidad. Objetivo. Determinar los efectos del ejercicio físico aeróbico controlado sobre los niveles séricos de ...

El funcionamiento de un pulso político : discurso, endeudamiento y política en el "de aere alieno, de vi et de ambitu" de Clodio

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Cristina Rosilló López

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El discurso de Cicerón, De aere alieno Milonis, fue pronunciado en respuesta a un fuerte ataque contra Milón de parte de Clodio. Una de las acusaciones, basada en la distorsión deliberada del montante de sus deudas, no tiene paralelo en la política romana de la época. Este artículo analiza cómo esta imputación, lejos de ser inocua, contenía una potente ofensiva contra Milón que podría conllevar su condena antes de las elecciones. Al mismo tiempo, se muestran los mecanismos que conformaban un pulso político de época republicana, combinando prestigio personal, capital político y endeudamiento.Cicero’s speech De aere alieno Milonis was the answer to an attack against Milo by P. Clodius Pulcher. One of the charges, deliberate distortion of the amount of his debts, has no parallel in Roman politics of the time. This article analyses how this apparently mild charge contained a powerful attack against Milo that could lead to his trial and condemnation before the elections. At the same time, it shows the mechanisms that took part in a political duel in republican Rome, combining personal prestige, political resources, and financial indebtedness.

Influencia del ritmo circadiano sobre el rendimiento físico en ejercicios aeróbicos y anaeróbicos. Una revisión

OpenAIRE

Bueno Pérez, Ángel Javier

2015-01-01

La cronobiología es la ciencia que se encarga del estudio de los cambios fisiológicos dependientes de los ritmos circadianos, estos se refieren a las variaciones internas que se repetirán cada 24 horas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática sobre la influencia provocada por la variabilidad circadiana en el rendimiento cardiorrespiratorio y motor tanto aeróbico como anaeróbico. Los resultados de esta revisión indican que el rendimiento deportivo se ve afectado ...

Summary of twelfth session of the AER Working Group F - 'Spent Fuel Transmutations' and third meeting of INPRO Project RMI - 'Meeting energy needs in the period of raw materials insufficiency during the twenty first century'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lelek, V.

2010-01-01

Information about the development in the problems spent fuel transmutation and future nuclear reactors development during the last years 2009-2010. Some critical views on the coming works tendencies are given by the coordinator of works within AER cooperation. (Author)

Aeróbic deportivo: importancia del conocimiento previo del error en el aprendizaje y retención de una habilidad gimnástica de salto

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Águeda Gutiérrez Sánchez

2006-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio ha sido, por un lado intentar plantear un sistema de entrenamiento técnico indicando los errores a evitar establecidos por el Código de Puntuación en esta modalidad deportiva, y por otro lado, ver los efectos de un entrenamiento global (basado en mini-circuitos empleado con éxito en otra disciplina deportiva como es la Gimnasia Artística (Carrasco, 1977; Vernetta, 1995, Vernetta y López, 1997, 98. En el presente trabajo, hemos utilizado tres grupos experimentales formados por alumnos/as de la asignatura de Alto Rendimiento en Gimnasia Aeróbica de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte de la Universidad de Vigo con un rango de edad de 19 a 22 años. La finalidad ha sido delimitar la eficacia diferencial de tres tipos de entrenamiento (Analítico progresivo, Global con Mini-circuito y Mini-circuito con conocimiento previo del error a evitar sobre el aprendizaje y retención de una habilidad gimnástica de salto del Aeróbic Deportivo. Los resultados obtenidos van a verificar la hipótesis planteada, constatándose las mayores ganancias de aprendizaje y retención en el grupo que se benefició del Mini-circuito con conocimiento previo del error a evitar.

Treinamento aeróbio não altera pressão arterial de mulheres menopausadas e com síndrome metabólica Aerobic training does not alter blood pressure in menopausal women with metabolic syndrome

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Aluísio Henrique Rodrigues de Andrade Lima

2012-11-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A Hipertensão arterial (HA é uma condição tanto agravante quanto agravada pela Síndrome Metabólica (SM. A menopausa pode tornar o tratamento da hipertensão mais difícil porque é uma condição que favorece a piora nos componentes da SM. Embora existam evidências de que o treinamento com exercícios físicos reduza a pressão arterial, se as condições da menopausa e da SM afetam os benefícios induzidos pelo exercício é algo ainda não evidenciado. OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio na pressão arterial entre mulheres com SM não menopausadas e menopausadas. MÉTODOS: Foram recrutadas 44 mulheres divididas em quatro grupos experimentais: controle não menopausada (CNM: 39,5 ± 1,1 anos, n = 11; controle menopausada (CM: 54,9 ± 1,7 anos, n = 12; aeróbio não menopausada (ANM: 43,1 ± 2,1 anos, n = 11 e aeróbio menopausada (AM: 52,1 ± 1,6 anos, n = 10. Os grupos de exercício realizaram treinamento aeróbio durante três meses, cinco vezes por semana, com intensidade entre 60% e 70% da frequência cardíaca de reserva. A pressão arterial de repouso e a resposta pressórica clínica após 60 minutos de exercício foram medidas antes e após o período treinamento. O teste de ANOVA de dois fatores foi usado, considerando p 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: Três meses de treinamento aeróbio melhora componentes da SM, mas não altera a pressão arterial de repouso, nem a resposta pressórica aguda após uma sessão de exercício aeróbio em mulheres com SM.BACKGROUND: Arterial Hypertension (AH is an aggravating condition for Metabolic Syndrome (MS, as well as being aggravated by it. Menopause can make hypertension treatment more difficult, as it favors the worsening of MS components. Although there is evidence that exercise training reduces blood pressure, whether menopause and SM affect the exercise-induced benefits is yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of aerobic training on blood pressure in

Estructura y función de la ATP sintasa de las arqueas aeróbicas

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Héctor Vicente Miranda-Astudillo

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Desde el descubrimiento de las arqueas ha llamado la atención su capacidad para sobrevivir en ambientes difíciles. A través de los años, las arqueas han pasado de ser rarezas extremófilas a ser consideradas organismos de importancia universal que han sido utilizados para elucidar preguntas biológicas fundamentales. La filogenia del dominio Arquea se encuentra en constante cambio y cuenta hasta la fecha con 5 ramas principales: Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, Korarchaeota y Nanoarchaeota. En el presente trabajo se enlistan las principales características estructurales de los complejos respiratorios de los géneros de arqueas aeróbicas más estudiados. Se presenta una comparación morfológica de la ATP sintasa de estos organismos con el resto de la familia de las ATPasas rotatorias (F- y V-ATPasas; así como un análisis topológico de este complejo enzimático (A1Ao-ATP sintasa tomando como base la función de cada una de las subunidades que lo conforman.

Efeitos do exercício aeróbio durante a hemodiálise em pacientes com doença renal crônica: uma revisão da literatura

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Joseane Böhm

2012-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC têm capacidade física e funcional reduzida quando comparados à população geral. O tratamento hemodialítico torna as atividades desses pacientes restritas, favorecendo o estilo de vida sedentário e a limitação funcional. Pacientes em hemodiálise (HD são menos ativos, apresentam baixa tolerância ao exercício e alto descondicionamento físico. Em virtude dessas alterações, têm sido propostos programas de exercício físico que visam não somente ao tratamento dos sinais clínicos da doença, mas de suas repercussões na função e na qualidade de vida. OBJETIVOS: Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os efeitos do exercício físico em pacientes portadores de DRC submetidos a programas de exercício aeróbio em cicloergômetro para membros inferiores durante a HD. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas consultas às bases de dados Medline, PubMed, Scielo, Embase e ScienceDirect. RESULTADOS: Analisaram-se 14 estudos experimentais randomizados controlados, considerando o período de realização da intervenção na HD, a intensidade e a frequência do exercício, a duração da intervenção e os principais resultados. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos demonstraram que exercícios aeróbios realizados durante a HD promovem a melhora da capacidade aeróbia e o condicionamento físico, além de redução da fadiga e ansiedade, melhora da capilarização muscular e pressão arterial de repouso, aumento no tempo de duração dos exercícios e melhora na depuração da ureia.

Exercício aeróbio e fortalecimento muscular melhoram o desempenho funcional na doença de Parkinson

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Fátima Rodrigues-de-Paula

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP apresentam déficits motores na marcha, postura e equilíbrio e tendem a apresentar redução mais acentuada do nível de atividade física do que indivíduos assintomáticos da mesma idade. O declínio físico pode estar associado à perda de força muscular, da capacidade física e piora do desempenho funcional na DP. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de fortalecimento e condicionamento aeróbio no desempenho funcional e na capacidade física de indivíduos com DP. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Dezessete indivíduos, com média de idade de 60,35 ± 9,94 anos e estágios I a III da Hoehn e Yahr, participaram de um programa de exercícios três vezes por semana durante 12 semanas. Avaliou-se a força muscular por meio do dinamômetro manual, o desempenho funcional por meio da Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS, avaliou-se também a velocidade da marcha e habilidade em usar escadas e a capacidade física por meio do perfil de atividade humana (PAH. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, testes t e ANOVA para medidas repetidas para a análise. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Os dorsoflexores bilaterais foram o único grupo muscular a apresentar maior torque após a intervenção (F = 7,93; p = 0,008. Houve ganho nas medidas de desempenho funcional: velocidade da marcha (p = 0,028, velocidade para subir (p = 0,001 e descer (p = 0,002 escadas, no escore total da UPDRS (p = 0,007 e do PAH (p < 0,0001. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O uso combinado de condicionamento aeróbio e fortalecimento muscular resultou em melhoras no desempenho funcional e na capacidade física de indivíduos com DP leve a moderada.

Effect of Doppler Radial Velocity Data Assimilation on the Simulation of a Typhoon Approaching Taiwan: A Case Study of Typhoon Aere (2004

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Hsin-Hung Lin

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Compared to conventional data, radar observations have an advantage of high spatial and temporal resolutions, and Doppler radars are capable of capturing detailed characteristics of flow fields, including typhoon circulation. In this study, the possible improvement of short-term typhoon predictions near Taiwan, particularly with regard to related rainfall forecasts over the mountainous island, using Doppler radial wind observations is explored. The case of Typhoon Aere (2004 was chosen for study, and a series of experiments were carried out using the Penn State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5 with its three-dimensional variational (3D-VAR data assimilation system.

Perfil lipídico e glicêmico de ratos treinados em exercício aeróbio ou anaeróbio e suplementados com maltodextrina Los lípidos y los niveles de glucosa de las ratas entrenadas en condiciones aeróbicas o anaeróbicas y se complementa con maltodextrina Lipids and glucose levels of trained rats in aerobic or anaerobic conditions and supplemented with maltodextrin

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Cátia Fernandes Leite

2013-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar as alterações no perfil lipídico e glicêmico de ratos treinados, suplementados com maltodextrina. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: o protocolo de treinamento consistiu de 8 semanas de natação em padrão contínuo (60min.dia-1 ou intermitente (2 períodos de 30min, com intervalo de 10min, com sobrecargas correspondentes a 5% e 10% do peso corporal, respectivamente. Durante 37 dias os animais foram suplementados com uma dose diária de 0,48g.kg-1 de maltodextrina dissolvida em água ou receberam água pura. RESULTADOS: o exercício aeróbio ocasionou aumento significativo no nível glicêmico. Os exercícios e a maltodextrina não causaram alterações no perfil lipídico. CONCLUSÃO: o exercício aeróbio proporcionou elevação no nível glicêmico, não causando hipoglicemia.El objetivo fue comprobar los cambios en los lípidos y los niveles de glucosa de las ratas entrenadas complementados con maltodextrina. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El protocolo consistió en 8 semanas de patrón de natación continua (60min.dia-1 o intermitente (2 períodos de 30 min, con un intervalo de 10 min, con sobrecargas que corresponden al 5% y el 10% del peso corporal. Durante 37 días los animales fueron suplementados con una dosis diaria de 0,48 g.kg-1 maltodextrina disuelta en agua o agua pura. RESULTADOS: El ejercicio aeróbico provocó un aumento significativo en los niveles de glucosa en la sangre. Los ejercicios y la maltodextrina no causó cambios en el perfil lipídico. CONCLUSIONES: El ejercicio aeróbico dio lugar en los niveles de glucosa en la sangre, sin causar hipoglucemia.The objective was to verify changes in lipids and glucose levels of trained rats supplemented with maltodextrin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The training protocol consisted of 8 weeks of continuous swimming pattern (60min.dia-1 or intermittent (2 periods of 30 minutes, with an interval of 10 minutes, with overloads corresponding to 5% and 10% of body weight, respectively. For

Ejercicio aeróbico y de fuerza en personas con una enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva (epoc: estudio de caso

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Lara Blas

2016-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue describir las respuestas fisiológicas de pacientes con EPOC en cada una de las sesiones de un programa de entrenamiento físico de ocho semanas y analizar los efectos producidos por el programa en el rendimiento físico de estos pacientes. En este estudio participaron cuatro personas a las que se les diagnosticó EPOC (64±6 años. Se realizó un test (T1 de 6 minutos de caminata (6MWT para determinar la capacidad cardiovascular de los participantes y, después de ocho semanas, se volvió a repetir el mismo test (T2. Durante las ocho semanas se llevó a cabo trabajo de resistencia aeróbica e interválica, de fuerza, estiramientos y trabajo de musculatura respiratoria. No se observó un aumento significativo en las variables fisiológicas (tensión sistólica, tensión diastólica y saturación de oxígeno tras la realización del 6MWT ni en el T1 ni en el T2. Sin embargo, la tensión sistólica, tanto en el Post test del T1 (∆%=24.8±22.1; TE=2.2, alto como en el Post test del T2 (∆%=14.0±13.2; TE=1.0, alto, presentó una tendencia a ser superior con respecto al Pre test, en ambos casos. Por otro lado, los participantes recorrieron ligeramente más metros después de 8 semanas de intervención (∆%=4,61; TE=0.4, bajo, lo cual se acompañó, de una mayor percepción del esfuerzo (∆%=107.1; TE=3.0 y ∆%=200.0; TE=1.8 para RPEmus. Los participantes en este estudio obtuvieron una ligera mejora en el rendimiento físico en el test 6MWT, posiblemente debido a que las sesiones no se enfocaron solamente en la mejora de la capacidad aeróbica, sino también en la mejora de la fuerza muscular.

Assessment of the Potential Release of Radioactivity from Installations at AERE, Harwell. Implications for Emergency Planning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flew, Elizabeth M.; Lister, B. A.J. [Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Didcot, Berks. (United Kingdom)

1969-10-15

As part of a review of the site emergency organization at AERE, a realistic reappraisal has been made of the potential hazard to the establishment and district of all the buildings containing significant amounts of radioactive materials. To assess the amount of radioactive material which might be released under specified accident conditions, four factors have been applied to the total building stock: (a) the fraction of the stock involved, (b) the percentage conversion to an aerosol form, (c) release from primary containment and (d) release from the building. These potential release figures have been compared with ''site hazardous release'' figures for relevant radionuclides i.e., amounts which could give rise to exposure above defined reference levels. Those buildings with more than one tenth of the potential for causing; a site or district hazard have been designated ''risk buildings''. Such a quantitative assessment, although necessarily very approximate, has been of considerable value in determining the type and complexity of the central emergency organization required and in producing the right emphasis on exercises, training, liaison with outside bodies, etc. (author)

Influência do exercício aeróbio na renina de portadores de hipertensão arterial com sobrepeso Influencia del ejercicio aeróbico en la renina de portadores de hipertensión arterial con sobrepeso Effect of aerobic exercise on plasma renin in overweight patients with hypertension

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Bruno Martinelli

2010-07-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A atividade do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona tem relação direta com sobrepeso e sedentarismo, e essas variáveis se associam à hipertensão arterial (HA. O exercício aeróbio propicia melhor controle da pressão arterial (PA por agir nos mecanismos da regulação pressórica, dentre eles, a atividade de renina plasmática (ARP. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do exercício aeróbio sobre ARP em portadores de HA com sobrepeso. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados níveis pressóricos, bioquímicos e antropométricos pré e pós-treinamento de 16 semanas, três vezes por semana, a 60%-80% da frequência cardíaca máxima. Os dados foram expressos em média ± desvio padrão ou mediana e intervalo interquartílico, e analisados pelo teste "t", Mann-Withney e ANOVA (p FUNDAMENTO: La actividad del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona tiene relación directa con sobrepeso y sedentarismo, y esas variables se asocian a la hipertensión arterial (HA. El ejercicio aeróbico propicia mejor control de la presión arterial (PA por actuar en los mecanismos de la regulación presórica, entre ellos, la actividad de renina plasmática (ARP. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la influencia del ejercicio aeróbico sobre ARP en portadores de HA con sobrepeso. MÉTODOS: Fueron evaluados niveles presóricos, bioquímicos y antropométricos pre y post-entrenamiento de 16 semanas, tres veces por semana, a 60%-80% da frecuencia cardíaca máxima. Los datos fueron expresados en media ± desvío estándar o media e intervalo intercuartílico, y analizados por el teste "t", Mann-Withney y ANOVA (p BACKGROUND: The activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS is directly related to overweight and sedentary lifestyles, both of which are associated with hypertension. Aerobic exercise helps control blood pressure (BP by acting on mechanisms of blood pressure regulation, such as plasma renin activity (PRA. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of aerobic exercise on

Atividade do sistema antioxidante e desenvolvimento de aerênquima em raízes de milho 'Saracura' Antioxidant system activity and aerenchyma formation in 'Saracura' maize roots

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Fabricio José Pereira

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de sucessivos ciclos de seleção do milho 'Saracura' na atividade das enzimas do sistema antioxidante, e a relação dessas enzimas com a capacidade dessa variedade em desenvolver aerênquima. Sementes de 18 ciclos de seleção intercalados do milho 'Saracura' e da cultivar BR 107, sensível à hipoxia, foram semeadas em vasos e em casa de vegetação. As plantas foram submetidas ao alagamento intermitente de dois em dois dias. As amostras de raízes foram coletadas após 60 dias e analisaram-se as atividades das enzimas peroxidase do guaiacol, peroxidase do ascorbato e catalase, além da capacidade das plantas de cada ciclo desenvolverem aerênquima. Ao longo dos ciclos, as plantas apresentaram modificações na atividade das enzimas, com aumento na de peroxidase do ascorbato e diminuição na de catalase e de peroxidase do guaiacol. Observou-se, ainda, maior capacidade de desenvolver aerênquima nos últimos ciclos de seleção. A redução na atividade das enzimas do sistema antioxidante parece estar relacionada a um desbalanço na decomposição de H2O2.This work aimed to assess the influence of successive selection cycles in 'Saracura' maize on the enzyme activity of the antioxidant system and the relationship of these enzymes with the aerenchyma development capacity of this variety. Seeds of 18 intercalated selection cycles of the 'Saracura' maize and of the cultivar BR 107, sensitive to hipoxia, were sown in pots in the greenhouse. Plants were submitted to intermittent soil flooding each two days. After 60 days, the roots were sampled and analysis were done for the guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase activities and for the capacity of the plants of each cycle to develop aerenchyma. The plants showed modifications in enzyme activity along the cycles, increasing the ascorbate peroxidase activity and decreasing the catalase and guaiacol peroxidase ones. A greater

Efectos neurobiológicos de la actividad física aeróbica sobre la depresión: propuesta de un modelo experimental en roedores

OpenAIRE

González Bauer, Natalia

2013-01-01

El proyecto de investigación que proponemos tiene como objetivo indagar los efectos neurobiológicos de la actividad física aeróbica en la disminución de los síntomas depresivos. Para ello, adherimos a los supuestos de la Psiconeuroinmunoendocrinología y a la hipótesis neurogénica de la depresión. Dicha hipótesis supone que la neurogénesis, “formación de nuevas neuronas en el cerebro” (Fernández, S., Trejo Pérez, Fernández, & Torres Aleman, 2009, pp. 84), se halla inhibida en el hipocampo ...

Influência do exercício aeróbico sobre a atividade de renina plasmática portadores de hipertensão arterial com sobrepeso

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Martinelli, Bruno [UNESP

2008-01-01

Existem evidências de que a atividade de renina plasmática é mediador comum da obesidade e hipertensão arterial, o que exacerba o risco cardiovascular quando esta enzima está hiperativada. O exercício aeróbio exerce influência nesta atividade enzimática e torna-se importante elemento para intervenção terapêutica para as duas condições clínicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir as interações entre sistema renina, hipertensão arterial, obesidade e exercício físico. A ativação da renina plas...

VLSI implementation of a 2.8 Gevent/s packet based AER interface with routing and event sorting functionality

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Stefan eScholze

2011-10-01

Full Text Available State-of-the-art large scale neuromorphic systems require sophisticated spike event communication between units of the neural network. We present a high-speed communication infrastructure for a waferscale neuromorphic system, based on application-specific neuromorphic communication ICs in an FPGA-maintained environment. The ICs implement configurable axonal delays, as required for certain types of dynamic processing or for emulating spike based learning among distant cortical areas. Measurements are presented which show the efficacy of these delays in influencing behaviour of neuromorphic benchmarks. The specialized, dedicated AER communication in most current systems requires separate, low-bandwidth configuration channels. In contrast, the configuration of the waferscale neuromorphic system is also handled by the digital packet-based pulse channel, which transmits configuration data at the full bandwidth otherwise used for pulse transmission. The overall so-called pulse communication subgroup (ICs and FPGA delivers a factor 25-50 more event transmission rate than other current neuromorphic communication infrastructures.

Microstructural Evolution of AerMet100 Steel Coating on 300M Steel Fabricated by Laser Cladding Technique

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Jian; Li, Jia; Cheng, Xu; Wang, Huaming

2018-02-01

In this paper, the process of coating AerMet100 steel on forged 300M steel with laser cladding was investigated, with a thorough analysis of the chemical composition, microstructure, and hardness of the substrate and the cladding layer as well as the transition zone. Results show that the composition and microhardness of the cladding layer are macroscopically homogenous with the uniformly distributed bainite and a small amount of retained austenite in martensite matrix. The transition zone, which spans approximately 100 μm, yields a gradual change of composition from the cladding layer to 300M steel matrix. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) can be divided into three zones: the sufficiently quenched zone (SQZ), the insufficiently quenched zone (IQZ), and the high tempered zone (HTZ). The SQZ consists of martensitic matrix and bainite, as for the IQZ and the HTZ the microstructures are martensite + tempered martensite and tempered martensite + ferrite, respectively. These complicated microstructures in the HAZ are caused by different peak heating temperatures and heterogeneous microstructures of the as-received 300M steel.

O papel do esteroide anabolizante sobre a hipertrofia e força muscular em treinamentos de resistência aeróbia e de força

OpenAIRE

Carmo,Everton Crivoi do; Bueno Junior,Carlos Roberto; Fernandes,Tiago; Barretti,Diego; Soares,Stéphano Freitas; Silva Junior,Natan Daniel da; Uchida,Marco Carlos; Brum,Patrícia Chakur; Oliveira,Edilamar Menezes de

2011-01-01

INTRODUÇÃO: Os efeitos dos esteroides anabolizantes (EA) sobre a massa muscular e força são controversos e dependentes do treinamento realizado e das fibras musculares recrutadas. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da associação de EA ao treinamento de força ou aeróbio sobre a hipertrofia e força muscular. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar (42) foram divididos em seis grupos: sedentário (SC, n = 7), sedentário anabolizante (SA, n = 7), treinado natação controle (TNC, n = 7), treinad...

Radiation doses to members of the public around AWRE, Aldermaston, ROF, Burghfield and AERE, Harwell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dionian, J.; Wan, S.L.; Wrixon, A.D.

1987-07-01

All significant sources of radiation exposure are considered. (Natural radiation, fallout from nuclear weapons testing, medical procedures and reported atmospheric discharges). Discharges to the Thames are also made from the three sites, but the water downstream of the discharge points is not used for drinking, although consideration is given to doses that might be received by a few hypothetical individuals from a number of possible exposure pathways resulting from these liquid discharges. The peak annual dose equivalents to the red bone marrow of 1-year-old children at 5 km from the sites are many orders of magnitude below that received from natural radiation. The factors are 34,000, 190,000,000 and 1,600 for AWRE, Aldermaston, ROF, Burghfield and AERE, Harwell, respectively. Similar factors apply to other population groups considered. Even at 0.5 km from the sites, the doses from the discharges are only a factor of about 20 higher than those at 5 km. The conclusion is that reported discharges make negligible contribution to total radiation doses received by the population living around the sites and are in no way responsible for increased incidence of leukaemia amongst children, if an increased incidence is shown to exist. (author)

El ejercicio físico aeróbico incrementa la vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio y el consumo de oxígeno de mujeres primigestantes saludables. Ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado. NCT00741312

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Róbinson Ramírez-Vélez, Ft., PhD.(c

2010-11-01

Conclusión: La práctica regular de ejercicio aeróbico y controlado, mejora la función endotelial y la capacidad física en mujeres gestantes. Por esta razón, intervenciones como esta podrían ser una alternativa temprana y efectiva para fortalecer la prevención de patologías durante el embarazo asociadas con disfunción endotelial.

Pruebas de velocidad aeróbica máxima con jóvenes futbolistas. Control y programación de la intensidad de los entrenamientos

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Philippe Campillo

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Se ha realizado un estudio comparativo para analizar la importancia del entrenamiento intermitente, más precisamente la utilización de la velocidad aeróbica máxima (VAM intermitente en la práctica del fútbol. Se ha evaluado la VAM continua con la prueba VAMEVAL (evaluación de la velocidad máxima aeróbica y la VAM intermitente con la prueba 45-15 con ayuda de 21 jóvenes futbolistas. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados se han formado dos grupos homogéneos que realizan un ciclo de siete semanas de entrenamiento específico con el objetivo de desarrollar la PMA. La intensidad del entrenamiento del grupo 1 tiene como referencia el nivel máximo de la VAM continua y el de la VAM intermitente para el grupo 2. Para el conjunto de los jugadores, y para cada grupo, se observa una diferencia significativa inicial (p < 0,001 entre la VAM intermitente (16,02 ± 1,21 km/h y la VAM continua (14,12 ± 1,06 km/h. Finalizado el ciclo se mantienen las mismas diferencias entre las VAM intermitentes y continuas. Sin embargo, para el grupo 1 no hay diferencias significativas entre las dos pruebas 45-15 inicial y final; por el contrario, para el grupo 2 existe una clara diferencia (p < 0,01 entre las dos pruebas intermitentes (15,86 ± 1,50 km/h / 17,0 ± 0,97 km/h. Aunque los dos grupos han mejorado su VAM continua se observa un aumento superior de la velocidad en el grupo 2. Es muy importante tener en cuenta los resultados de las pruebas de VAM continua y sobre todo intermitente para programar y adaptar con precisión la intensidad de los entrenamientos, puesto que existen diferencias que no siempre se valoran.

Hipotensão pós-exercício aeróbio: uma revisão sistemática Post-exercisehypotension: a systematic review

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Juliano Casonatto

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Diversos estudos investigaram os efeitos hipotensores após uma sessão de exercício aeróbio em humanos. No entanto, vários aspectos permanecem obscuros em relação à hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE, uma vez que diversas variáveis podem influenciar a resposta hipotensora, como intensidade, duração, tipo de exercício, estado clínico, faixa etária, etnia, sexo e estado de treinamento. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura, relacionando as principais variáveis da prescrição de uma sessão de exercício aeróbio e a HPE, assim como apresentar os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos. Foram encontrados 55 estudos que abrangeram a temática HPE e exercício aeróbio em humanos. A ocorrência da HPE está bem estabelecida na literatura, já que vários estudos identificaram reduções da pressão arterial em normotensos e hipertensos. Porém, os possíveis moduladores das respostas hipotensoras, como intensidade e duração da sessão de exercício, ainda são contraditórios. Em relação ao tipo de exercício, porém, existem indicativos de que os realizados de forma intermitente e que utilizam maior massa muscular podem acarretar maior HPE. Além disso, hipertensos devem apresentar maior magnitude e duração da HPE. Contudo, existem lacunas em relação aos diversos mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos, que parecem ser diferentes entre normotensos e hipertensos.Several studies have investigated the hypotensor effects after an aerobic exercise session in humans. However, many aspects remain unclear concerning post-exercise hypotension (PEH, once many variables can influence on the hypotensor response, such as intensity, duration, type of exercise, clinical status, age, ethnic group, sex and training level. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to systematically review the literature, relating the main prescription variables of an aerobic exercise session to PEH, as well as to present

Relació entre potència aeròbica i anaeròbica i l’Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) en judokes iranians d’elit

OpenAIRE

Farzaneh Hesari, A.; Mirzaei, B.; Mahdavi Ortakand, S.; Rabienejad, A.; Nikolaïdis, P.

2014-01-01

Introducció L’objectiu d’aquest estudi fou valorar la relació entre potència aeròbica i anaeròbica, i el test específic per al judo, Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT), en judokes iranians d’elit. Mètode Dinou judokes d’elit (edat 24,3 [3,1] anys, alçada 1,78 [0,06] m, massa corporal 76,4 [11,2] kg, índex de massa corporal 20,2 [3,6] kg/m2 i greix corporal 11,0 [1,8] %) realitzaren una prova d’esforç en una cinta ergomètrica, el test anaeròbic de Wingate amb acció de braços i l’S...

Consumo de oxigênio pós-exercícios de força e aeróbio: efeito da ordem de execução Strength and aerobic post-exercises oxygen consumption: effect of the order of performance

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Fábio Santos de Lira

2007-12-01

Full Text Available O treinamento concorrente é uma estratégia que vem sendo utilizada na intenção de maximizar o gasto energético tanto durante quanto após o exercício por meio do EPOC (excesso do consumo de oxigênio pós-exercício. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a influência da ordem de execução sobre o EPOC. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a influência do tipo (aeróbio, força e concorrente e da ordem (aeróbio + força ou força + aeróbio do exercício sobre o EPOC. A amostra foi constituída por oito homens (idade: 24 ± 2 anos; massa corporal: 75,4 ± 3,7kg; e estatura: 179 ± 3,0cm, voluntários, com experiência em treinamento de força e aeróbio. Os sujeitos foram submetidos a um teste para a determinação do VO2pico (57,0 ± 2,9ml/kg/min e teste de 1-RM para os exercícios de supino reto (68 ± 2kg, puxador costas (64 ± 3kg, cadeira extensora (51 ± 3kg e mesa flexora (38 ± 3kg. O treino aeróbio foi realizado durante 30 minutos a 90% da velocidade correspondente ao limiar anaeróbio (10,3 ± 2,2km. O treino de força foi realizado a 70% de 1RM, dividido em três séries de 12 movimentos. O consumo de oxigênio (VO2 foi medido em repouso (R e após as seguintes sessões: aeróbio (A, força (F, aeróbio-força (A + F e força-aeróbio (F + A, utilizando calorimetria indireta durante 30 minutos, os quais foram divididos em três intervalos de tempo: T1 (0 a 10 minutos, T2 (11 a 20 minutos e T3 (21 a 30 minutos. A comparação do VO2 entre as diferentes situações (R, A, F, A + F e F + A para cada um dos períodos de tempo (0-10, 11-20; 21-30 min foi realizada a partir de uma ANOVA a um fator com medidas repetidas, seguida por teste de Tukey. Em T1, o VO2 das diferentes sessões foi maior que o de R. Durante T2, o VO2 das situações F, A + F e F + A foi superior ao de R. Em T3, somente A + F resultou em EPOC. Os resultados indicam que a ordem de execução influenciou o tempo de EPOC. Contudo, o gasto calórico decorrente

Microbiota mesófila aeróbia contaminante do leite UHT

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Juliana Ramos Pereira

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A produção nacional de leite tratado por ultra-alta temperatura (UHT em 2011 foi de 5,81 bilhões de litros, representando assim 78% do leite fluido consumido no Brasil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a contaminação por aeróbios mesófilos (AM em leite UHT, verificando o atendimento a padrões microbiológicos legais, classificando os grupos encontrados segundo suas características morfo-tintoriais e discutindo a metodologia de enumeração determinada pela Instrução Normativa 62 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA. Das 60 amostras estudadas, 23 (38,3% apresentaram resultados acima do padrão de 100 UFC/mL estabelecido pela IN 370 do MAPA para micro-organismos AM. Quando o Bacillus sporothermodurans foi considerado, as contagens máximas aumentaram 71,2% nas amostras integrais e 31,0% nas amostras desnatadas. Considerando-se as maiores diluições semeadas em que se obteve crescimento, foi possível o isolamento de 462 colônias de AM que, na coloração de Gram representaram 64,3% de bactérias Gram positivas e 9,5%, de bactérias Gram negativas. Fungos filamentosos e leveduras somaram 26,2%. Entre os Gram positivos predominaram cocos, B. sporothermodurans e, outros bacilos. Entre os Gram negativos predominaram os cocobacilos e os bacilos. Como as amostras representam lotes de leite UHT de importantes marcas do sul do país, os resultados demonstram que 11 das 15 marcas estudadas apresentaram excesso de AM, quando comparadas com o parâmetro legal. Os grupos de microrganismos presentes, sobretudo os Gram negativos que são sensíveis à temperatura, indicam possíveis falhas no processamento e/ou contaminação pós-processamento.

Tratamento de efluentes têxteis usando reator de leito fluidizado trifásico aeróbio com pré ou pós-ozonização /

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Alves, Kelli Cristina Grando

2000-01-01

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. No presente trabalho foram desenvolvidos estudos combinando processo biológico com pré ou pós-ozonização de efluentes têxteis, para avaliar a eficiência de remoção de DQO e COD, bem como a cor do efluente. Consistiu-se basicamente de duas etapas. Na primeira, foram realizados estudos com efluente têxtil sintético em reator aeróbio de leito fluidizado trifásico para remoção da matéria orgânica, seguido da o...

Análisis de los componentes espectrales de la variabilidad cardíaca en hombres jóvenes entrenados: comparación del entrenamiento aeróbico y anaeróbico

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Urbina, Adriana; Ortiz Guzmán, Johan Enrique; Mendoza Romero, Dario; Calderón, Carlos Alberto

2012-01-01

Introducción La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) permite estudiar de forma no invasiva la modulación autonómica de la función cardiovascular. Según el principio de especificidad del entrenamiento, cada tipo de ejercicio produce adaptaciones específicas. Sin embargo, no se ha establecido si este concepto también es aplicable a la VFC. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo comparar los componentes espectrales de la VFC en hombres jóvenes entrenados aeróbicamente y anaeróbicam...

Relación entre potencia aeròbica y anaeròbica y el Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) en judocas masculinos iraníes de élite

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Farzaneh Hesari, A.; Mirzaei, B.; Mahdavi Ortakand, S.; Rabienejad, A.; Nikolaïdis, P.

2014-01-01

Introducción El objetivo de estudio fue la evaluación de la relación entre las potencias aeróbica y anaeróbica, así como la prueba especial de aptitud física para el judo en los judokas masculinos de élite. Método Diecinueve judokas de élite—edad 24,3 (3,1) años, altura 1,78 (0,06) m, masa corporal 76,4 (11,2) kg, índice de masa corporal 20,2 (3,6) kg·m2 y grasa corporal 11,0 (1,8)%—realizaron una prueba de esfuerzo en cinta, la prueba anaeróbica de Wingate para brazos, y la p...

Redução da pressão arterial, da IMC e da glicose após treinamento aeróbico em idosas com diabete tipo 2 Decrease in blood pressure, body mass index and glycemia after aerobic training in elderly women with type 2 diabetes

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Luciana Zaranza Monteiro

2010-10-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O processo de envelhecimento associa-se ao desenvolvimento de várias doenças, que podem ser amenizadas pela prática de atividades físicas. O treinamento aeróbico é um meio efetivo para manter e melhorar as funções cardiovasculares. Além disso, desempenha um papel fundamental na prevenção e tratamento de diversas doenças crônico-degenerativas, em especial o diabete melito. OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos de 13 semanas de treinamento aeróbico sobre a pressão arterial, o índice de massa corpórea e a glicemia em idosas com diabete tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Onze mulheres idosas diabéticas (61,0 ± 9,1 anos de idade, sedentárias, realizaram 13 semanas de treinamento aeróbico, compondo o grupo G2. Onze idosas (60,2 ± 6,8 anos de idade controladas não realizaram exercícios físicos durante a pesquisa, constituindo o grupo-controle (G1. O grupo G1 foi submetido somente a orientações educativas uma vez na semana, e o grupo G2, a caminhadas três vezes na semana. RESULTADOS: Houve redução significativa da glicemia e da pressão arterial diastólica nos dois grupos. Não foram encontradas reduções significativas no IMC após o treinamento aeróbico em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Treze semanas de treinamento aeróbico foi suficiente para promover reduções significativas na pressão arterial diastólica e glicemia, portanto, esse tipo de exercício reduz os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas.BACKGROUND: The aging process is associated with the development of several diseases, which can be attenuated by the practice of physical activities. Aerobic training is an effective method to maintain and improve cardiovascular function. Additionally, it has a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of several chronic-degenerative diseases, especially diabetes mellitus. }OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of a 13-week aerobic training program on blood pressure (BP, body mass index (BMI and glycemia levels

Valoración funcional en patinadores de velocidad de alto nivel : determinación de forma directa, mediante una prueba de campo, de la velocidad aeróbica máxima patinando

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Ruiz Rivera, Daniel Jesús

2016-01-01

[Resumen]Introducción El Patinaje de Velocidad sobre Ruedas combina el patrón de movimiento del patinaje de velocidad sobre hielo y las formas de competición propias del ciclismo (2). Pocos estudios han sido realizados sobre la fisiología del patinaje de velocidad sobre ruedas (1, 2); muchos de ellos registran los valores de VO2, sin embargo, no estudian la relación con la Velocidad Aeróbica Máxima (MAS). El propósito de este estudio fue investigar los valores de VO2 y VAM y su asoci...

Efeitos de 24 semanas de treinamento resistido sobre índices da aptidão aeróbia de mulheres idosas Effects of 24 weeks of resistance training on aerobic fitness indexes of older women

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Marcelo Guido

2010-08-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: O consumo de oxigênio pico (VO2pico e o limiar anaeróbio (LA são amplamente aceitos como importantes medidas da aptidão aeróbia. Tradicionalmente, o treinamento aeróbio é visto como o principal meio de se aumentar esses índices. Em contrapartida, o treinamento resistido (TR não é tipicamente prescrito para este fim. Em indivíduos idosos, tem sido sugerido que o TR é capaz de aprimorar a capacidade aeróbia; entretanto, a temática é controversa. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar os efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre índices da capacidade aeróbia de mulheres idosas. METODOLOGIA: Participaram voluntariamente 50 idosas, as quais foram distribuídas em dois possíveis grupos: grupo controle (GC - n = 25; idade média 68,00 ± 6,38 e grupo treinamento (GT - n = 25; idade média 68,04 ± 6,78 anos. Todas as participantes realizaram teste ergoespirométrico em esteira conduzido até a exaustão voluntária antes e após a intervenção. O GT foi submetido a um programa de TR para os principais grupos musculares três vezes por semana durante um período de 24 semanas. Ao GC foi solicitado que mantivessem suas rotinas habituais. Split plot Anova foi utilizada para verificar possíveis diferenças intra e intergrupos. RESULTADOS: Foi observado que o GT apresentou aumento significativo nas variáveis tempo de teste e VO2, tanto no momento do LA como no momento da exaustão. No GC nenhuma das variáveis dependentes sofreu alteração significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que 24 semanas de TR é capaz de promover melhora no desempenho durante teste de esforço cardiopulmonar em uma amostra de mulheres idosas. Futuros estudos serão importantes para elucidar os mecanismos responsáveis por tais adaptações.INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak and anaerobic threshold (AT have been widely accepted as important predictors of aerobic fitness. Traditionally, aerobic training is viewed as

Aspectos relacionados com a otimização do treinamento aeróbio para o alto rendimento Related aspects of aerobic training optimization for high performance

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Mariana Fernandes Mendes de Oliveira

2010-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar recomendações visando à otimização do treinamento aeróbio, a partir do conhecimento dos índices de aptidão funcional e seus mecanismos fisiológicos. Em atletas altamente treinados, a precisão na elaboração do treinamento pode ser o meio mais seguro para a melhora do rendimento, pois nesses indivíduos é comum a carga de treinamento oscilar entre o estimulo insuficiente e o aparecimento do excesso de treinamento. Existe, portanto, uma variedade muito grande de fatores que devem ser considerados na elaboração de um programa de treinamento. O entendimento dos mecanismos de fadiga e das respostas fisiológicas associadas às diferentes durações e intensidades de exercício é essencial para uma correta elaboração das sessões de treinamento. Além disso, treinos intervalados de alta intensidade são imprescindíveis para melhora de rendimento em atletas altamente treinados, porém, é recomendado que ele seja realizado após um razoável período de recuperação das sessões de treino anteriores. Assim, o contato entre o atleta e o treinador é importante para um planejamento cuidadoso dos períodos de recuperação antes da ocorrência de fadiga excessiva. O treinador deveria arquivar um histórico das cargas de treino e recuperações, aprendendo com a própria experiência os tipos de cargas que podem ser toleradas individualmente. Entre os fatores que podem afetar o rendimento aeróbio, o planejamento de um aquecimento apropriado e as condições ambientais adversas são aspectos muito importantes. Após reunir todas essas informações, é possível elaborar as bases do treinamento (frequência, volume, intensidade e recuperação visando melhora contínua do rendimento aeróbio.The objective of this work was to present recommendations aiming the aerobic training optimization, from the knowledge of the indexes of functional fitness and their physiological mechanisms. Concerning highly

Compostagem aeróbia conjugada de lodo de tanque séptico e resíduos sólidos vegetais Conjugated aerobic composting of septic tank sludge and vegetable solid waste

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André Gustavo da Silva

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O lodo sanitário, principal subproduto do tratamento de esgotos, constitui um dos maiores problemas ambientais urbanos da atualidade. Em meio a este contexto, objetivou-se nesse estudo avaliar o processo da compostagem conjugada de lodo de tanque séptico (LS e resíduos sólidos vegetais (RV e determinar a importância da temperatura para o processo de sanitização do substrato tratado. O experimento, inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e três repetições, consistiu de nove reatores aeróbios com 100 litros de capacidade. Os resíduos foram utilizados nas seguintes proporções - T1: 100% RV; T2: 5% LS + 95% RV; T3: 10% LS + 90% RV. A compostagem aeróbia conjugada mostrou ser uma alternativa viável para destruição de ovos de helminto e estabilização dos resíduos, sendo fundamentais para tal, a temperatura, o pH e as relações ecológicas presentes nos reatores.The sanitary sludge, principal byproduct of sewage treatment, constitutes one of the major municipal environmental problems of the present time. The present study was aimed to evaluate the composting of septic tank sludge (SS and vegetable solid waste (VW and to determine the importance of the temperature for the process of sanitization of the treated substrate. The experiment, entirely randomized with three treatments and three repetitions, constituted of nine aerobic reactors with 100 L capacity. The proportions of the wastes utilized were T1: 100%VW; T2: 5%SS + 95%VW; T3: 10%SS + 90%VW. The conjugated composting showed to be a feasible alternative for destruction of helminth eggs and stabilization of the wastes. The temperature, pH and ecological relations present in the reactors were fundamental for this purpose.

A deep azygoesophageal recess may increase the risk of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax.

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Takahashi, Tsuyoshi; Kawashima, Mitsuaki; Kuwano, Hideki; Nagayama, Kazuhiro; Nitadori, Jyunichi; Anraku, Masaki; Sato, Masaaki; Murakawa, Tomohiro; Nakajima, Jun

2017-09-01

The azygoesophageal recess (AER) is known as a possible cause of bulla formation in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. However, there has been little focus on the depth of the AER. We evaluated the relationship between the depth of the AER and pneumothorax development. We conducted a retrospective study of 80 spontaneous pneumothorax patients who underwent surgery at our institution. We evaluated the depth of the AER on preoperative computed tomography scans. Ruptured bullae at the AER were found in 12 patients (52.2%) with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) and 8 patients (14.0%) with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) (p < 0.001). In patients with ruptured bullae at the AER, 10 SSP patients (83.3%) had a deep AER while only 2 PSP patients (25%) had a deep AER (p = 0.015). A deep AER was more frequently associated with SSP than with PSP. A deep AER may contributes to bulla formation and rupture in SSP patients.

Estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de capim-mombaça tratadas com Lactobacillus buchneri Aerobic stability of mombaça grass silages treated with Lactobacillus buchneri

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Carla Luiza da Silva Ávila

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de duas cepas de Lactobacillus buchneri sobre a estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de capim-mombaça. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, de modo que os tratamentos (silagens sem inoculantes e com inoculante experimental e comercial foram aleatorizados nas parcelas e os tempos de avaliação aeróbia das silagens (0, 2, 8 ou 10 dias após a abertura dos silos nas subparcelas. Após 90 dias de armazenamento, os silos foram abertos e amostras de aproximadamente 2,5 kg foram retiradas para avaliação da estabilidade aeróbia com base na temperatura de cada amostra. As mudanças químicas e microbiológicas foram avaliadas. Após abertura dos silos, verificou-se aumento nas populações de bactérias do ácido lático, leveduras e fungos filamentosos. Houve aumento nos valores de pH resultante da redução da concentração dos ácidos orgnicos e de aumentos dos teores de matéria seca e proteína bruta. A adição de L. buchneri às silagens melhorou sua estabilidade, enquanto a silagem sem inoculante apresentou estabilidade de 55 horas. As silagens inoculadas não ultrapassaram essa temperatura limite em um período de 10 dias. A melhoria da estabilidade foi ocasionada pela associação de altas concentrações de cido acético ao ácido propiônico e pela menor concentração de ácido lático no momento de abertura, o que inibiu a proliferação de fungos filamentosos e leveduras após abertura dos silos.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of two L. buchneri strains on the aerobic stability of the Mombaça grass silages. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replicates in split-plot in time scheme, so that the treatments (silages without inoculant and with experimental or commercial inoculants were randomized on plot and in times of aerobic

Entrenamiento Aeróbico: Efecto Sobre el Estado Oxidativo Hepático. [Aerobic Training: Effect on Liver Oxidative Stress].

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Nyurky Josefina Matheus

2016-07-01

Full Text Available El ob­jetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en un modelo animal el efecto del entrenamiento aeróbico y del ejercicio eventual sobre el estado oxidativo hepático. Se utilizaron 30 ratones machos NMRI, divididos en 3 grupos de 10: Control (sin ejercicio, Entrenamiento Aeróbico (EA y Ejercicio Eventual (EE. La actividad física se realizó en una rueda de ejercicio que giraba a 50 rpm/ (30 minutos. día por 6 semanas para el grupo con EA y a 50 rpm/ 30 minutos, una vez para el EE. Se determinó en sangre la concentración de albúmina, y en hígado se cuantificó la concentración de Dienos Conjugados, Malondialdehido, Glutatión Reducido (GSH, y se realizó el estudio histopatológico. Los resultados muestran que los animales que realizaron EE presentaron un aumento marcado de la lipoperoxidación (LPO hepática comparado con el grupo control y con los de EA. Con respecto a la respuesta antioxidante, la concentración de GSH aumentó en los animales de EA y disminuyó en los de EE, la albúmina fue menor en los animales que se ejercitaron. El cociente GSH/LPO fue mayor en los animales de EA, lo que indica una disminución de la LPO en relación con la respuesta antioxidante dada por el GSH. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que a pesar de que ocurre un aumento de la lipoperoxidación hepática durante el ejercicio, esta oxidación no altera la estructura histológica del órgano y dependiendo del tipo de ejercicio, el organismo se adapta produciendo aumento de la defensa antioxidante, base esta del entrenamiento. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate in an animal model the effect of aerobic training on hepatic oxidative status. Control (without exercise Aerobic Training (EA and Exercise Eventually (EE: 30 NMRI male mice were divided into 3 groups of 10 were used. Physical activity was conducted in an exercise wheel rotating at 50 rpm / 30 minutes / day / six weeks for the group with AD and 50 rpm / 30 minutes / once for EE. Albumin

Estimation of bias with the single-zone assumption in measurement of residential air exchange using the perfluorocarbon tracer gas method.

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Van Ryswyk, K; Wallace, L; Fugler, D; MacNeill, M; Héroux, M È; Gibson, M D; Guernsey, J R; Kindzierski, W; Wheeler, A J

2015-12-01

Residential air exchange rates (AERs) are vital in understanding the temporal and spatial drivers of indoor air quality (IAQ). Several methods to quantify AERs have been used in IAQ research, often with the assumption that the home is a single, well-mixed air zone. Since 2005, Health Canada has conducted IAQ studies across Canada in which AERs were measured using the perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) gas method. Emitters and detectors of a single PFT gas were placed on the main floor to estimate a single-zone AER (AER(1z)). In three of these studies, a second set of emitters and detectors were deployed in the basement or second floor in approximately 10% of homes for a two-zone AER estimate (AER(2z)). In total, 287 daily pairs of AER(2z) and AER(1z) estimates were made from 35 homes across three cities. In 87% of the cases, AER(2z) was higher than AER(1z). Overall, the AER(1z) estimates underestimated AER(2z) by approximately 16% (IQR: 5-32%). This underestimate occurred in all cities and seasons and varied in magnitude seasonally, between homes, and daily, indicating that when measuring residential air exchange using a single PFT gas, the assumption of a single well-mixed air zone very likely results in an under prediction of the AER. The results of this study suggest that the long-standing assumption that a home represents a single well-mixed air zone may result in a substantial negative bias in air exchange estimates. Indoor air quality professionals should take this finding into consideration when developing study designs or making decisions related to the recommendation and installation of residential ventilation systems. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Indoor Air published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Health Canada.

Uncertainties in modelling Mt. Pinatubo eruption with 2-D AER model and CCM SOCOL

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Kenzelmann, P.; Weisenstein, D.; Peter, T.; Luo, B. P.; Rozanov, E.; Fueglistaler, S.; Thomason, L. W.

2009-04-01

Large volcanic eruptions may introduce a strong forcing on climate. They challenge the skills of climate models. In addition to the short time attenuation of solar light by ashes the formation of stratospheric sulphate aerosols, due to volcanic sulphur dioxide injection into the lower stratosphere, may lead to a significant enhancement of the global albedo. The sulphate aerosols have a residence time of about 2 years. As a consequence of the enhanced sulphate aerosol concentration both the stratospheric chemistry and dynamics are strongly affected. Due to absorption of longwave and near infrared radiation the temperature in the lower stratosphere increases. So far chemistry climate models overestimate this warming [Eyring et al. 2006]. We present an extensive validation of extinction measurements and model runs of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991. Even if Mt. Pinatubo eruption has been the best quantified volcanic eruption of this magnitude, the measurements show considerable uncertainties. For instance the total amount of sulphur emitted to the stratosphere ranges from 5-12 Mt sulphur [e.g. Guo et al. 2004, McCormick, 1992]. The largest uncertainties are in the specification of the main aerosol cloud. SAGE II, for instance, could not measure the peak of the aerosol extinction for about 1.5 years, because optical termination was reached. The gap-filling of the SAGE II [Thomason and Peter, 2006] using lidar measurements underestimates the total extinctions in the tropics for the first half year after the eruption by 30% compared to AVHRR [Rusell et. al 1992]. The same applies to the optical dataset described by Stenchikov et al. [1998]. We compare these extinction data derived from measurements with extinctions derived from AER 2D aerosol model calculations [Weisenstein et al., 2007]. Full microphysical calculations with injections of 14, 17, 20 and 26 Mt SO2 in the lower stratosphere were performed. The optical aerosol properties derived from SAGE II

Aerobic stability of triticale silage in single culture or in mixtures with oat and/or legumes Estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de triticale em cultivo exclusivo ou em misturas com aveia e/ou leguminosas

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Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior

2010-11-01

Full Text Available The objective of the present study was to evaluate the aerobic stability and losses during the fermentation process of triticale silages in single crop or in mixtures with oats and/or legumes. The following crops were used for silage production: triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittimack, triticale intercropped with forage pea (Pisum arvense and triticale intercropped with oats (Avena strigosa Schreb, forage pea and vetch (Vicia sativa. The dry matter content and its recovery did not differ among the silages. Buffer capacity was higher for tricale silage intercropped with oats, forage pea and vetch(88.67 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM followed by triticale intercropped with forage pea (80.80 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM. Electric conductivity values were higher in the intercropped triticale silages. Triticale silage presented the lowest temperatures observed in the silos, and the silages of intercropped triticale silages presented higher heat retention and higher pH values. Silage of triticale intercropped with oats and legumes presented lower aerobic stability but it did not reduce the aerobic stability of the total feed. Dry matter recovery during storage and in stability evaluations in aerobiosis is similar among the silages.O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade aeróbia e as perdas durante o processo de fermentação de silagens de triticale em cultivo exclusivo ou em misturas com aveia e/ou leguminosas. As culturas utilizadas para produção das silagens foram: triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittimack; triticale em consórcio com ervilha-forrageira (Pisum arvense; e triticale em consórcio com aveia (Avena strigosa Schreb, ervilha-forrageira e ervilhaca (Vicia sativa. O teor de matéria seca e a recuperação de matéria seca não diferiram entre as silagens. A capacidade tampão foi maior para a silagem de triticale cultivado em consórcio com aveia, ervilha-forrageira e ervilhaca (88,67 m eq. NaOH/100 g de MS, seguida da silagem de triticale cultivado

O papel do esteroide anabolizante sobre a hipertrofia e força muscular em treinamentos de resistência aeróbia e de força

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Everton Crivoi do Carmo

2011-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Os efeitos dos esteroides anabolizantes (EA sobre a massa muscular e força são controversos e dependentes do treinamento realizado e das fibras musculares recrutadas. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da associação de EA ao treinamento de força ou aeróbio sobre a hipertrofia e força muscular. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar (42 foram divididos em seis grupos: sedentário (SC, n = 7, sedentário anabolizante (SA, n = 7, treinado natação controle (TNC, n = 7, treinado natação anabolizante (TNA, n = 7, treinado força controle (TFC, n = 7 e treinado força anabolizante (TFA, n = 7. O EA foi administrado duas vezes por semana (10mg/kg/semana. Os protocolos de treinamento foram realizados durante 10 semanas, cinco sessões semanais. Foram avaliadas a hipertrofia dos músculos sóleo, plantar e gastrocnêmio (massa muscular corrigida pelo comprimento da tíbia, a proteína total muscular (Bradford e a força muscular em patas traseiras (testes de resistência à inclinação. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças significantes na hipertrofia do músculo sóleo. Os grupos TFC e TFA apresentaram, respectivamente, hipertrofia de 18% e 31% no músculo plantar comparado ao grupo SC. A hipertrofia foi 13% maior no grupo TFA em relação ao grupo TFC. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados no músculo gastrocnêmio. Os grupos TFC e TFA apresentaram significantes aumentos na quantidade total de proteína nos músculos plantares, sendo essa mais pronunciada no grupo TFA e positivamente correlaciona a hipertrofia muscular. Observamos aumento de força nas patas traseiras nos grupos TCF e TAF. CONCLUSÃO: A administração de EA ou sua associação ao treinamento aeróbio não aumenta a massa muscular e força. Porém, à associação ao treinamento de força leva a maior hipertrofia muscular em fibras glicolíticas. Portanto, o tipo de treinamento físico, recrutamento muscular e características das fibras

Fuel characteristics pertinent to the design of aircraft fuel systems, Supplement I : additional information on MIL-F-7914(AER) grade JP-5 fuel and several fuel oils

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Barnett, Henry C; Hibbard, Robert R

1953-01-01

Since the release of the first NACA publication on fuel characteristics pertinent to the design of aircraft fuel systems (NACA-RM-E53A21), additional information has become available on MIL-F7914(AER) grade JP-5 fuel and several of the current grades of fuel oils. In order to make this information available to fuel-system designers as quickly as possible, the present report has been prepared as a supplement to NACA-RM-E53A21. Although JP-5 fuel is of greater interest in current fuel-system problems than the fuel oils, the available data are not as extensive. It is believed, however, that the limited data on JP-5 are sufficient to indicate the variations in stocks that the designer must consider under a given fuel specification. The methods used in the preparation and extrapolation of data presented in the tables and figures of this supplement are the same as those used in NACA-RM-E53A21.

Probabilistic estimation of residential air exchange rates for ...

Science.gov (United States)

Residential air exchange rates (AERs) are a key determinant in the infiltration of ambient air pollution indoors. Population-based human exposure models using probabilistic approaches to estimate personal exposure to air pollutants have relied on input distributions from AER measurements. An algorithm for probabilistically estimating AER was developed based on the Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory Infiltration model utilizing housing characteristics and meteorological data with adjustment for window opening behavior. The algorithm was evaluated by comparing modeled and measured AERs in four US cities (Los Angeles, CA; Detroit, MI; Elizabeth, NJ; and Houston, TX) inputting study-specific data. The impact on the modeled AER of using publically available housing data representative of the region for each city was also assessed. Finally, modeled AER based on region-specific inputs was compared with those estimated using literature-based distributions. While modeled AERs were similar in magnitude to the measured AER they were consistently lower for all cities except Houston. AERs estimated using region-specific inputs were lower than those using study-specific inputs due to differences in window opening probabilities. The algorithm produced more spatially and temporally variable AERs compared with literature-based distributions reflecting within- and between-city differences, helping reduce error in estimates of air pollutant exposure. Published in the Journal of

A influência do treinamento de força e do treinamento aeróbio sobre as concentrações hormonais de testosterona e cortisol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Rangel de Araújo

2008-06-01

Full Text Available A intenção desse trabalho é rever a influência do treinamento aeróbio e de força, perante as concentrações agudas e crônicas dos hormônios testosterona e cortisol. Além disso, verificar outros fatores importantes, tais como idade, alimentação e ritmo circadiano, os quais podem modificar agudamente as concentrações de testosterona e cortisol, dificultando assim o entendimento das respostas hormonais desencadeadas pelo treinamento. Apesar das diversas controvérsias encontradas no presente estudo, as atividades periodizadas e de alta intensidade parecem estimular maiores liberações de testosterona e pouca liberação de cortisol, potencializando, consequentemente, os níveis de força e hipertrofia muscular. Todavia, novos estudos devem ser realizados com delineamentos mais adequados respeitando as diversas interações (alimentação, idade, sexo, nível de experiência com o treinamento físico, etc. que envolvem o treinamento físico.

Efeito do exercício aeróbico e resistido no controle autonômico e nas variáveis hemodinâmicas de jovens saudáveis Effect of resistance and aerobic exercise on the autonomic control and hemodynamic variables in health young individuals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César Cavinato Cal Abad

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A prática de exercícios aeróbicos e resistidos provoca ajustes agudos e crônicos distintos. Já foram documentadas diferenças hemodinâmicas e musculares entre os exercícios; todavia, quanto aos ajustes autonômicos, os estudos são escassos e controversos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as adaptações hemodinâmicas e autonômicas após uma sessão de exercício aeróbico (30 minutos, bicicleta ergométrica e resistido (três séries de 12 repetições para os principais grupamentos musculares, em indivíduos jovens e saudáveis. Para tanto, utilizamos medidas da pressão arterial (PA, frequência cardíaca (FC, cálculo do duplo produto e análise da variabilidade da FC (VFC nos domínios do tempo e da frequência e a Plotagem de Poincaré. Neste protocolo, a FC durante o exercício aeróbico foi maior do que no resistido (153,32 ± 2,76 vs. 143,10 ± 3,38 bpm, respectivamente. O exercício aeróbico gerou aumento da PA sistólica durante o exercício (7,25 ± 1,97 mmHg. Já o exercício resistido provocou aumento tanto da PA sistólica quanto da diastólica durante sua execução (14,83 ± 1,53; 11,92 ± 1,69 mmHg, respectivamente. Não foi observada hipotensão pós-exercício para nenhuma das sessões. Ao comparar o exercício aeróbico com o resistido na fase de recuperação, verificamos diminuição na VFC no resistido nas variáveis: RMSSD (37,74 ± 5,30 vs. 19,50 ± 2,32, NN50 (94,13 ± 23,65 vs. 27,63 ± 6,68, PNN50 (16,10 ± 4,72 vs. 3,53 ± 0,89, SD1 (26,65 ± 3,85 vs. 13,73 ± 1,66, SD2 (88,98 ± 10,71 vs. 61,88 ± 5,49 e HF (257,25 ± 45,08 vs. 102,75 ± 18,75 ms². Concluiu-se que, para os protocolos investigados, o trabalho cardiovascular durante o exercício foi semelhante, resultando principalmente do aumento da FC no exercício aeróbico e do aumento da PAS no resistido. No período de recuperação, o exercício resistido promoveu maior alteração autonômica, compatível com manutenção do balan

Leptina e exercício físico aeróbio: implicações da adiposidade corporal e insulina Leptin and endurance exercise: implications of adiposity and insulin

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Fabiana Braga Benatti

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Atualmente, a obesidade pode ser classificada como uma pandemia e suas conseqüências vão desde o diabetes mellitus até a doença cardíaca. Tanto fatores genéticos como ambientais contribuem para isso, porém, em humanos, o componente genético ainda é pouco definido. Com a clonagem do gene ob de ratos e do seu receptor, foi descoberta a leptina, o "hormônio da saciedade". A leptina é secretada, principalmente, pelo tecido adiposo e reflete a quantidade de gordura depositada no tecido adiposo de um indivíduo. Entretanto, diversos fatores influenciam sua expressão e síntese, tais como jejum, atividade simpática, exercício físico e alterações no balanço energético. Os efeitos da atividade física aeróbia sobre esse hormônio ainda não estão muito claros, visto que existem muitas contradições na literatura sobre sua possível ação na regulação da leptina. Estudos transversais sugerem que as concentrações plasmáticas de leptina não são alteradas após uma sessão de exercício aeróbio. Entretanto, se o esforço físico for extremo, como em uma ultramaratona, na qual há um balanço energético negativo, induzido pela atividade física extenuante, ocorre diminuição dessas concentrações. Além disso, exercícios de longa duração (> 60 min parecem estar associados à diminuição tardia das concentrações de leptina, aproximadamente 48h após a atividade, provavelmente em função de um possível desequilíbrio energético. Em relação aos estudos longitudinais, após o treinamento aeróbio, alguns autores não observam alterações na leptina plasmática, outros encontram alterações em função apenas das alterações da adiposidade e, por fim, alguns estudos observam diminuição da concentração plasmática e/ou expressão de leptina, independentemente de alterações da massa gorda. Tal fato sugere que haja outro, ou outros, fatores, além do conteúdo de gordura corporal, que modulam a diminuição das

Relação da aptidão aeróbia e muscular com a composição corporal, o estado maturacional e a actividade física habitual de crianças e adolescentes (9-11 anos)

OpenAIRE

João, Félix Rodrigues

2008-01-01

Dissertação de Mestrado em Avaliação nas Actividades Físicas e Desportivas O objectivo deste estudo foi examinar em raparigas e rapazes, com idades compreendidas entre os 9 e os 11 anos de idade, a relação da aptidão aeróbia (ApA) e muscular (ApM) com a composição corporal (MG, massa gorda; MIG, massa isenta de gordura; PCI, perímetro da cintura 1), o índice de actividade física (AFH) e o estado maturacional (EM). Foi também nosso propósito identificar o desempenho dos referidos testes ent...

Fgf16 is essential for pectoral fin bud formation in zebrafish

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nomura, Ryohei; Kamei, Eriko; Hotta, Yuuhei; Konishi, Morichika; Miyake, Ayumi; Itoh, Nobuyuki

2006-01-01

Zebrafish pectoral fin bud formation is an excellent model for studying morphogenesis. Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) and sonic hedgehog (shh) are essential for pectoral fin bud formation. We found that Fgf16 was expressed in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of fin buds. A knockdown of Fgf16 function resulted in no fin bud outgrowth. Fgf16 is required for cell proliferation and differentiation in the mesenchyme and the AER of the fin buds, respectively. Fgf16 functions downstream of Fgf10, a mesenchymal factor, signaling to induce the expression of Fgf4 and Fgf8 in the AER. Fgf16 in the AER and shh in the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) interact to induce and/or maintain each other's expression. These findings have revealed that Fgf16, a newly identified AER factor, plays a crucial role in pectoral fin bud outgrowth by mediating the interactions of AER-mesenchyme and AER-ZPA

Predicting residential air exchange rates from questionnaires and meteorology: model evaluation in central North Carolina.

Science.gov (United States)

Breen, Michael S; Breen, Miyuki; Williams, Ronald W; Schultz, Bradley D

2010-12-15

A critical aspect of air pollution exposure models is the estimation of the air exchange rate (AER) of individual homes, where people spend most of their time. The AER, which is the airflow into and out of a building, is a primary mechanism for entry of outdoor air pollutants and removal of indoor source emissions. The mechanistic Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) AER model was linked to a leakage area model to predict AER from questionnaires and meteorology. The LBL model was also extended to include natural ventilation (LBLX). Using literature-reported parameter values, AER predictions from LBL and LBLX models were compared to data from 642 daily AER measurements across 31 detached homes in central North Carolina, with corresponding questionnaires and meteorological observations. Data was collected on seven consecutive days during each of four consecutive seasons. For the individual model-predicted and measured AER, the median absolute difference was 43% (0.17 h(-1)) and 40% (0.17 h(-1)) for the LBL and LBLX models, respectively. Additionally, a literature-reported empirical scale factor (SF) AER model was evaluated, which showed a median absolute difference of 50% (0.25 h(-1)). The capability of the LBL, LBLX, and SF models could help reduce the AER uncertainty in air pollution exposure models used to develop exposure metrics for health studies.

Comparison of the results of the fifth dynamic AER benchmark-a benchmark for coupled thermohydraulic system/three-dimensional hexagonal kinetic core models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kliem, S.

1998-01-01

The fifth dynamic benchmark was defined at seventh AER-Symposium, held in Hoernitz, Germany in 1997. It is the first benchmark for coupled thermohydraulic system/three-dimensional hexagonal neutron kinetic core models. In this benchmark the interaction between the components of a WWER-440 NPP with the reactor core has been investigated. The initiating event is a symmetrical break of the main steam header at the end of the first fuel cycle and hot shutdown conditions with one control rod group stucking. This break causes an overcooling of the primary circuit. During this overcooling the scram reactivity is compensated and the scrammed reactor becomes re critical. The calculation was continued until the highly-borated water from the high pressure injection system terminated the power excursion. Each participant used own best-estimate nuclear cross section data. Only the initial subcriticality at the beginning of the transient was given. Solutions were received from Kurchatov Institute Russia with the code BIPR8/ATHLET, VTT Energy Finland with HEXTRAN/SMABRE, NRI Rez Czech Republic with DYN3/ATHLET, KFKI Budapest Hungary with KIKO3D/ATHLET and from FZR Germany with the code DYN3D/ATHLET.In this paper the results are compared. Beside the comparison of global results, the behaviour of several thermohydraulic and neutron kinetic parameters is presented to discuss the revealed differences between the solutions.(Authors)

Measurement of air exchange rates in different indoor environments using continuous CO2 sensors

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Yan YOU; Can Niu; Jian Zhou; Yating Liu; Zhipeng Bai; Jiefeng Zhang; Fei He; Nan Zhang

2012-01-01

A new air exchange rate (AER) monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies.Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted in a 1-m3 environmental chamber at different AERs (0.1-10.0 hr-1).AERs were determined using the decay method based on box model assumptions.Field tests were conducted in classrooms,dormitories,meeting rooms and apartments during 2-5 weekdays using CO2 sensors coupled with data loggers.Indoor temperature,relative humidity (RH),and CO2 concentrations were continuously monitored while outdoor parameters combined with on-site climate conditions were recorded.Statistical results indicated that good laboratory performance was achieved:duplicate precision was within 10％,and the measured AERs were 90％-120％ of the real AERs.Average AERs were 1.22,1.37,1.10,1.91 and 0.73 hr-1 in dormitories,air-conditioned classrooms,classrooms with an air circulation cooling system,reading rooms,and meeting rooms,respectively.In an elderly particulate matter exposure study,all the homes had AER values ranging from 0.29 to 3.46 hr-1 in fall,and 0.12 to 1.39 hr-1 in winter with a median AER of 1.15.

Measurement of air exchange rates in different indoor environments using continuous CO2 sensors.

Science.gov (United States)

You, Yan; Niu, Can; Zhou, Jian; Liu, Yating; Bai, Zhipeng; Zhang, Jiefeng; He, Fei; Zhang, Nan

2012-01-01

A new air exchange rate (AER) monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted in a 1-m3 environmental chamber at different AERs (0.1-10.0 hr(-1)). AERs were determined using the decay method based on box model assumptions. Field tests were conducted in classrooms, dormitories, meeting rooms and apartments during 2-5 weekdays using CO2 sensors coupled with data loggers. Indoor temperature, relative humidity (RH), and CO2 concentrations were continuously monitored while outdoor parameters combined with on-site climate conditions were recorded. Statistical results indicated that good laboratory performance was achieved: duplicate precision was within 10%, and the measured AERs were 90%-120% of the real AERs. Average AERs were 1.22, 1.37, 1.10, 1.91 and 0.73 hr(-1) in dormitories, air-conditioned classrooms, classrooms with an air circulation cooling system, reading rooms, and meeting rooms, respectively. In an elderly particulate matter exposure study, all the homes had AER values ranging from 0.29 to 3.46 hr(-1) in fall, and 0.12 to 1.39 hr(-1) in winter with a median AER of 1.15.

Estudo longitudinal do equilíbrio postural e da capacidade aeróbica de idosos independentes Balance and aerobic capacity of independent elderly: a longitudinal cohort study

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Giovanna A. Lima

2011-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a variação da capacidade aeróbica e do equilíbrio postural em idosos independentes por um período de três anos. MÉTODOS: A capacidade aeróbica dos voluntários foi avaliada por meio do Teste de Caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6; o equilíbrio postural, por meio da Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEB; o número de quedas foi registrado por autorrelato e o nível de atividade física, pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ - versão longa. As avaliações realizadas em 2008 foram comparadas às realizadas em 2005. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença na pontuação da EEB e no número de quedas dos idosos avaliados (p>0,05. Houve diminuição da distância percorrida entre as duas avaliações, sendo que os voluntários percorreram 52,46±8,4 metros a menos na segunda avaliação. O IPAQ evidenciou aumento de indivíduos considerados ativos na segunda avaliação (83,3%. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo demonstrou que o equilíbrio postural, avaliado pela EEB, não se alterou nos idosos independentes e ativos no período de três anos. Nesse mesmo momento, observou-se uma redução da distância percorrida, avaliada pelo TC6.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the variation in aerobic capacity and postural balance of independents elderly for a period of three years. METHODS: The aerobic capacity of the volunteers was assessed using a six minutes walk test (6MWT, the postural balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS, the number of falls was self-reported and physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - long version. Evaluations undertaken in 2008 were compared to those performed in 2005. RESULTS: There were no differences in balance and number of falls between 2008 and 2005 (p>0.05. There was a decrease in aerobic capacity over time of 52.46±8.4 meters walked. The IPAQ showed an increase in physical activity on the second evaluation (83.3%. CONCLUSION: The

A review of air exchange rate models for air pollution exposure assessments.

Science.gov (United States)

Breen, Michael S; Schultz, Bradley D; Sohn, Michael D; Long, Thomas; Langstaff, John; Williams, Ronald; Isaacs, Kristin; Meng, Qing Yu; Stallings, Casson; Smith, Luther

2014-11-01

A critical aspect of air pollution exposure assessments is estimation of the air exchange rate (AER) for various buildings where people spend their time. The AER, which is the rate of exchange of indoor air with outdoor air, is an important determinant for entry of outdoor air pollutants and for removal of indoor-emitted air pollutants. This paper presents an overview and critical analysis of the scientific literature on empirical and physically based AER models for residential and commercial buildings; the models highlighted here are feasible for exposure assessments as extensive inputs are not required. Models are included for the three types of airflows that can occur across building envelopes: leakage, natural ventilation, and mechanical ventilation. Guidance is provided to select the preferable AER model based on available data, desired temporal resolution, types of airflows, and types of buildings included in the exposure assessment. For exposure assessments with some limited building leakage or AER measurements, strategies are described to reduce AER model uncertainty. This review will facilitate the selection of AER models in support of air pollution exposure assessments.

Chloride Ion Adsorption Capacity of Anion Exchange Resin in Cement Mortar

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Yunsu Lee

2018-04-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the effect of anion exchange resin (AER on the adsorption of chloride ions in cement mortar. The kinetic and equilibrium behaviors of AER were investigated in distilled water and Ca(OH2 saturated solutions, and then the adsorption of chloride ions by the AER in the mortar specimen was determined. The AER was used as a partial replacement for sand in the mortar specimen. The mortar specimen was coated with epoxy, except for an exposed surface, and then immersed in a NaCl solution for 140 days. The chloride content in the mortar specimen was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis and electron probe microanalysis. The results showed that the AER could adsorb the chloride ions from the solution rapidly but had a relatively low performance when the pH of its surrounding environment increased. When the AER was mixed in the cement mortar, its chloride content was higher than that of the cement matrix around it, which confirms the chloride ion adsorption capacity of the AER.

Identifying Housing and Meteorological Conditions Influencing Residential Air Exchange Rates in the DEARS and RIOPA Studies: Development of Distributions for Human Exposure Modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Appropriate prediction of residential air exchange rate (AER) is important for estimating human exposures in the residential microenvironment, as AER drives the infiltration of outdoor-generated air pollutants indoors. AER differences among homes may result from a number of fact...

Effects of pH and Competing Anions on the Solution Speciation of Arsenic by Ion Exchange Resins

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Impellitteri, Christopher A.; Ryan, JAmes A.; Al-Abed, Souhail R.; Scheckel, Kirk G.; Randall, Paul M.; Richardson, Collin A.

2003-03-26

Anion-exchange resins (AER) are used to differentiate As(V) and As(III) by retaining As(V) and allowing As(III) to pass through. AERs allow rapid speciation of As in the field which precludes the effects of sample preservation on As speciation. Aqueous environmental samples contain anions that may interfere with the speciation of As. This study compares the speciation of As by two commercially available AERs. A silica-based AER was selected for further study. As(V) and As(III) were passed through the AER in the presence of NO3 -, SO4 2-, HPO4 2-, Cl- and HCO3 - at pH 4, 6 and 8. Recoveries of As species in mixed systems range between 90 to 100%. Breakthrough curves for As(V) are presented which allow calculation of loading rates. HPO4 2- has the greatest effect on the speciation of As by AER.

Alkaloids extract of Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. seeds used as novel eco-friendly inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution: Electrochemical and surface studies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

El Hamdani, Naoual; Fdil, Rabiaa [Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaib Doukkali, B.P. 20, M-24000 El Jadida (Morocco); Tourabi, Mustapha [Laboratoire de Catalyse et de Corrosion des Matériaux (LCCM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaib Doukkali, B.P. 20, M-24000 El Jadida (Morocco); Jama, Charafeddine [UMET-PSI, CNRS UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille 1, CS 90108, F-59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex (France); Bentiss, Fouad, E-mail: fbentiss@enscl.fr [Laboratoire de Catalyse et de Corrosion des Matériaux (LCCM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaib Doukkali, B.P. 20, M-24000 El Jadida (Morocco); UMET-PSI, CNRS UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille 1, CS 90108, F-59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex (France)

2015-12-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • AERS is good eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl. • AERS acts as mixed-type inhibitor in 1 M HCl medium. • AERS adsorption is well described by Langmuir isotherm. • Surface analyses were used to explain the AERS mechanism of carbon steel corrosion inhibition. - Abstract: Current research efforts now focus on the development of non-toxic, inexpensive and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors as alternatives to different organic and non-organic compounds. In this field, alkaloids extract of Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. seeds (AERS) was tested for the first time as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl medium using electrochemical and surface characterization techniques. The obtained results showed that this plant extract's acts as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl and an inhibition efficiency of 94.4% was reached with 400 mg/L of AERS at 30 °C. Ac impedance experimental data revealed a frequency distribution of the capacitance, simulated as constant phase element. Impedance results demonstrated that the addition of the AERS in the corrosive solution decreases the charge capacitance and simultaneously increases the function of the charge/discharge of the interface, facilitating the formation of an adsorbed layer over the steel surface. Polarization curves indicated that AERS is a mixed inhibitor. Adsorption of such alkaloid extract on the steel surface obeyed to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the inhibition of steel corrosion in normal hydrochloric solution by AERS is mainly controlled by a physisorption process and the inhibitive layer is composed of an iron oxide/hydroxide mixture where AERS molecules are incorporated.

Spatiotemporally resolved air exchange rate as a modifier of acute air pollution-related morbidity in Atlanta.

Science.gov (United States)

Sarnat, Jeremy A; Sarnat, Stefanie Ebelt; Flanders, W Dana; Chang, Howard H; Mulholland, James; Baxter, Lisa; Isakov, Vlad; Özkaynak, Halûk

2013-01-01

Epidemiological studies frequently use central site concentrations as surrogates of exposure to air pollutants. Variability in air pollutant infiltration due to differential air exchange rates (AERs) is potentially a major factor affecting the relationship between central site concentrations and actual exposure, and may thus influence observed health risk estimates. In this analysis, we examined AER as an effect modifier of associations between several urban air pollutants and corresponding emergency department (ED) visits for asthma and wheeze during a 4-year study period (January 1999-December 2002) for a 186 ZIP code area in metro Atlanta. We found positive associations for the interaction between AER and pollution on asthma ED visits for both carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), indicating significant or near-significant effect modification by AER on the pollutant risk-ratio estimates. In contrast, the interaction term between particulate matter (PM)(2.5) and AER on asthma ED visits was negative and significant. However, alternative distributional tertile analyses showed PM(2.5) and AER epidemiological model results to be similar to those found for NOx and CO (namely, increasing risk ratios (RRs) with increasing AERs when ambient PM(2.5) concentrations were below the highest tertile of their distribution). Despite the fact that ozone (O(3)) was a strong independent predictor of asthma ED visits in our main analysis, we found no O(3)-AER effect modification. To our knowledge, our findings for CO, NOx, and PM(2.5) are the first to provide an indication of short-term (i.e., daily) effect modification of multiple air pollution-related risk associations with daily changes in AER. Although limited to one outcome category in a single large urban locale, the findings suggest that the use of relatively simple and easy-to-derive AER surrogates may reflect intraurban differences in short-term exposures to pollutants of ambient origin.

A survey of the FDA's AERS database regarding muscle and tendon adverse events linked to the statin drug class.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Keith B Hoffman

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Cholesterol management drugs known as statins are widely used and often well tolerated; however, a variety of muscle-related side effects can arise. These adverse events (AEs can have serious impact, and form a significant barrier to therapy adherence. Surveillance of post-marketing AEs is of vital importance to understand real-world AEs and reporting differences between individual statin drugs. We conducted a review of post-approval muscle and tendon AE reports in association with statin use, to assess differences within the drug class. METHODS: We analyzed all case reports from the FDA AE Reporting System (AERS database linking muscle-related AEs to statin use (07/01/2005-03/31/2011. Drugs examined were: atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and fluvastatin. RESULTS: Relative risk rates for rosuvastatin were consistently higher than other statins. Atorvastatin and simvastatin showed intermediate risks, while pravastatin and lovastatin appeared to have the lowest risk rates. Relative risk of muscle-related AEs, therefore, approximately tracked with per milligram LDL-lowering potency, with fluvastatin an apparent exception. Incorporating all muscle categories, rates for atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, and lovastatin were, respectively, 55%, 26%, 17%, and 7.5% as high, as rosuvastatin, approximately tracking per milligram potency (Rosuvastatin>Atorvastatin>Simvastatin>Pravastatin ≈ Lovastatin and comporting with findings of other studies. Relative potency, therefore, appears to be a fundamental predictor of muscle-related AE risk, with fluvastatin, the least potent statin, an apparent exception (risk 74% vs rosuvastatin. INTERPRETATION: AE reporting rates differed strikingly for drugs within the statin class, with relative reporting aligning substantially with potency. The data presented in this report offer important reference points for the selection of statins for cholesterol management in

O efeito de um programa de exercício físico aeróbio combinado com exercícios de resistência muscular localizada na melhora da circulação sistêmica e local: um estudo de caso El efecto de un programa de ejercício físico aeróbico combinado con los ejercicios de resistencia muscular localizada en la mejora de la circulacion sistemica y local. Estudio de un caso The effect of a program of combined aerobic physical exercise with exercises of localized muscular resistance in the improvement of systemic and local circulation: a case study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Bosco

2004-02-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A trombofilia, estado que predispõe à ocorrência de trombose, decorre da existência de alterações da hemostasia, podendo ser congênita ou adquirida. A deficiência de proteína S, que ocorre pela falta do co-fator para a proteína C, é uma alteração congênita que pode resultar em trombofilia. A reabilitação física, considerada uma terapêutica eficaz, tem seu papel definido na prevenção e tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: Este estudo se propôs a verificar a influência do exercício físico aeróbio associado aos exercícios de resistência muscular localizada na circulação sistêmica e colateral do membro superior e inferior direito e na redução das conseqüências causadas pelas retrações decorrentes das cirurgias. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta por uma paciente do sexo feminino, 19 anos, portadora da síndrome de hipercoagulabilidade (trombofilia congênita por deficiência da proteína S, com obstrução total na artéria axilar direita e parcial na artéria femoral superficial direita. O programa de exercícios foi dividido em duas fases. Fase I: Atividades para aumento da amplitude de movimentos, em que se realizavam aplicação de calor, alongamentos passivos manuais mantidos, drenagem linfática e manipulações Effleurage. Fase II: Constituída de exercício aeróbio (45 minutos de caminhada, três vezes por semana, intensidade de 60% a 85% da freqüência cardíaca máxima e exercícios de resistência muscular localizada (contrações dinâmicas, três séries com o máximo de repetições possíveis, baixa intensidade, favorecendo fatores aeróbios. RESULTADOS: 1. Melhora da circulação colateral à artéria axilar, constatada pelo aumento na velocidade de pulso sistólico (verificado através do exame doppler pulsado - na artéria radial, passou de 3,4cm/s para 16,8cm/s; na artéria braquial, de 8,7cm/s para 45,9cm/s. 2. Melhor tolerância ao exercício aeróbio. 3

Identification of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida : Inter-laboratory evaluation and harmonization of methods

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalsgaard, Inger; Gudmundsdottir, B.K.; Helgason, S.

1998-01-01

the biochemical identification of atypical Aer. salmonicida before and after standardization of media and methods. Five laboratories examined 25 isolates of Aer. salmonicida from diverse fish species and geographical locations including the reference strains of Aer. salmonicida subsp, salmonicida (NCMB 1102......) and Aer. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes (NCMB 1110), Without standardization of the methods, 100% agreement was obtained only for two tests: motility and ornithine decarboxylase. The main reason for the discrepancies found was the variation of the incubation time prior to reading the biochemical...

Benefícios do treinamento aeróbio e/ou resistido em indivíduos HIV+: uma revisão sistemática Benefits of aerobic and/or resistance training in HIV-positive patients: a systematic review

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Hugo Fábio Souza

2009-12-01

Full Text Available A aids é uma doença crônica, caracterizada pela depleção dos linfócitos T, sendo o vírus HIV o seu agente causador. A sua infecção e tratamento farmacológico estão ligados às alterações físicas e fisiológicas, que podem diminuir a qualidade de vida. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi elaborar uma revisão sistemática sobre os estudos publicados no PubMed e Capes entre 1998 e 2008, com humanos soropositivos e que investigaram os impactos do treinamento aeróbio e/ou resistido nos aspectos fisiológicos, metabólicos, psicológicos, imunológicos e físicos. Foram discutidos protocolos que utilizaram apenas treinamento de força ou aeróbio e os que utilizaram ambos e a grande maioria encontrou resultados favoráveis às variáveis pesquisadas. Quanto ao modelo de prescrição para essa população, este deve ser composto por exercícios de força, de oito a 15 repetições máximas (trabalho de hipertrofia e por exercícios aeróbios (contínuo ou intervalado, com duração de 20 a 60 minutos e intensidade variando de 50 a 85% da frequência cardíaca máxima ou 45-85% do consumo máximo de oxigênio, ambos três a cinco vezes por semana. Dessa forma, ao elaborar um programa de atividade física, é importante conhecer a atual condição física e fisiológica do indivíduo HIV+, para que a sua condição de esforço não seja superestimada ou subestimada.AIDS is considered a chronic disease, characterized for depletion of the lymphocyte T CD4+, caused by the HIV virus. The HIV infection and its pharmacological treatment are linked to physiological and physical disorders, which can induce to lower quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to elaborate a systematic review about studies published in Pubmed and Capes between 1998 and 2008, which investigated physiological, metabolic, psychological and immunological changes mediated by aerobic and strength training in seropositive individuals. Protocols which only

Estabilidade aeróbia, pH e dinâmica de desenvolvimento de microrganismos da cana-de-açúcar in natura hidrolisada com cal virgem Aerobic stability, pH and development dynamic of microorganisms on fresh sugarcane hydrolyzed with whitewash

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F.N. Domingues

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da adição de cal virgem e dos tempos após a aplicação sobre a estabilidade aeróbia e o crescimento de microrganismos (leveduras e fungos na cana-de-açúcar in natura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se a estabilidade aeróbia (temperatura, a dinâmica de desenvolvimento de leveduras e fungos e o pH, em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com cinco doses de cal (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0% e cinco tempos após aplicação (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 horas. Houve efeito significativo das doses de cal para todos os parâmetros avaliados. A cana que não foi tratada com cal (0% apresentou quebra da estabilidade no menor intervalo de tempo. Os valores de pH aumentaram gradativamente de acordo com a dose de cal aplicada e diminuíram com o tempo após aplicação. Houve aumento numérico na contagem de leveduras até as 72 horas após a aplicação da cal, independentemente da dose, e os valores tenderam a estabilizar no tempo de 96 horas pós-tratamento. Não houve efeito significativo das doses de cal sobre o desenvolvimento dos fungos. A aplicação de cal virgem é eficaz no controle do crescimento de leveduras e aumenta a estabilidade aeróbia da cana-de-açúcar in natura.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of whitewash addition and the times after application on aerobic stability and growth of microorganisms (fungi and yeasts in fresh sugarcane. It was used a completely randomized experimental design, with four replications. Aerobic stability (temperature and the concentrations of yeast and fungus and pH were evaluated in a split-splot scheme with five doses of whitewash (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0% and five times after treatment (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. There was a significant effect of doses of whitewash for all evaluated parameters. The sugarcane which was not treated with whitewash (0.0% showed a break in

Diurnal and seasonal variation in air exchange rates and interzonal airflows measured by active and passive tracer gas in homes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bekö, Gabriel; Gustavsen, Sine; Frederiksen, Marie

2016-01-01

Outdoor air delivery to buildings is an important parameter in the assessment of pollutant exposure indoors. Detailed and well controlled measurements of air exchange rates (AER) and interzonal airflows in residential environment are scarce. We measured the outdoor AERs in up to six rooms in five...... rooms. Window opening behavior had a strong influence on AERs, which were highest during occupied daytime periods, lowest in the night; highest in the summer, lowest in the winter. Significant differences were found between AERs measured by the different techniques. The median nighttime AER in all...... studied the pollutant distribution from one room (source room) and interzonal airflows across the dwellings. The air within a given floor was well mixed, with the average tracer gas concentration in the non-source rooms reaching approximately 70% of the source room concentration. There was less air...

Relação entre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e VO 2pico em mulheres ativas

OpenAIRE

Tamburús, Nayara Yamada; Rebelo, Ana Cristina Silva; César, Marcelo de Castro; Catai, Aparecida Maria; Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros; Andrade, Carolina Pieroni; Porta, Alberto; Silva, Ester da

2014-01-01

OBJETIVO: Ava+liar a associação entre os índices da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória.MÉTODOS: Sessenta e duas mulheres (idade 22,1 ± 3,3 anos) foram divididas em quatro grupos: treinamento aeróbio (AER, n = 15), treinamento de força (FOR, n = 13), treinamento combinado (aeróbio e força) (AER+FOR, n = 15) e controle (C, n = 19). O teste cardiopulmonar foi realizado para avaliar a aptidão cardiorrespiratória a partir do consumo de oxigênio pico (VO2pico...

Fermentation, losses, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages treated with chemical or bacterial additives Fermentação, perdas e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de cana-de-açúcar tratadas com aditivos químicos ou bacterianos

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André de Faria Pedroso

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Utilization of sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L. silage is increasing in Brazil but intensive ethanol production during fermentation reduces forage quality. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of additives on fermentation and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages produced in minisilos. Treatments were (fresh basis: untreated silage (control, urea (5.0 g kg-1, sodium benzoate (1.0 g kg-1, potassium sorbate (0.3 g kg-1, Lactobacillus plantarum (1 x 10(6 cfu g-1, and Lactobacillus buchneri (3.64 x 10(5 cfu g-1. At the 94th day after ensilage, ethanol concentration was lower in urea, benzoate, sorbate and L. buchneri supplemented silages and higher in L. plantarum inoculated silage, as compared to control. Urea and benzoate treated silages showed the highest and L. plantarum treated silage the lowest in vitro dry matter digestibility. Effluent production was higher in the urea treated silage. Inoculation with L. buchneri reduced 50% ethanol production as compared to control. Urea and L. buchneri reduced yeast count. Aerobic stability was enhanced by L. buchneri and benzoate. Sodium benzoate and L. buchneri were the most promising additives, improving both silage fermentation and aerobic stability; inoculants containing L. plantarum can be deleterious to fermentation and conservation of sugarcane silages.A utilização de silagem de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L. está aumentando no Brasil, mas a intensa produção de etanol durante a fermentação reduz a qualidade da forragem. Este experimento visou avaliar os efeitos de aditivos na fermentação e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de cana-de-açúcar produzidas em minisilos. Os tratamentos foram (base matéria verde: silagem sem tratamento (controle, uréia (5,0 g kg-1, benzoato de sódio (1,0 g kg-1, sorbato de potássio (0,3 g kg-1, Lactobacillus plantarum (1 x 10(6 ufc g-1 e Lactobacillus buchneri (3,64 x 10(5 ufc g-1. Aos 94 dias após a ensilagem, a concentração de

A associação de esteroide anabolizante ao treinamento físico aeróbio leva a alterações morfológicas cardíacas e perda de função ventricular em ratos

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Everton Crivoi do Carmo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O esteroide anabolizante (EA associado ao treinamento físico induz mudança da hipertrofia cardíaca (HC fisiológica para patológica. Entretanto, esses trabalhos foram realizados com atletas de força, sendo os efeitos do EA associados ao treinamento aeróbio poucos conhecidos. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio e dos EA sobre a estrutura e função cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 28 ratos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos: sedentários controle (SC, sedentários anabolizante (SA, treinados controle (TC e treinado anabolizante (TA. O EA foi administrado duas vezes por semana (10mg/kg/ semana. O treinamento físico de natação foi realizado durante 10 semanas, cinco sessões semanais. Foram avaliadas a pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca por pletismografia de cauda, função ventricular por ecocardiografia, diâmetro dos cardiomiócitos e fração volume de colágeno por métodos histológicos. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças na PA. O grupo TC apresentou redução da frequência cardíaca de repouso após o período experimental, o que não ocorreu no grupo TA. Foram observadas HC de 38% no grupo SA, 52% no grupo TC e de 64% no grupo TA em relação ao grupo SC. O grupo TA apresentou diminuição da função diastólica em relação aos outros grupos. Os grupos treinados apresentaram aumentos significantes no diâmetro dos cardiomiócitos. Os grupos SA e TA apresentaram aumento na fração volume de colágeno em relação aos grupos SC e TC. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apresentados mostram que o treinamento físico de natação induz a HC, principalmente pelo aumento do colágeno intersticial, o que pode levar a prejuízos da função diastólica.

Micoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum y bacterias aeróbicas en el semen de hombres que consultan por infertilidad Micoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and aerobic bacteria present in the semen from men attending infertility service

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Bertha Victoria Rodríguez Pendás

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción: las infecciones en el semen humano pueden alterar la calidad espermática, y vincularse con problemas de infertilidad masculina. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de infecciones por Micoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum y bacterias aeróbicas en el semen de hombres que consultan por infertilidad, e identificar si existe relación entre las infecciones encontradas y las alteraciones en las variables de calidad del semen. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, para evaluar muestras de semen de 140 hombres, con edades entre 20 y 45 años, provenientes de las consultas de infertilidad del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología. Se realizó un espermograma completo, que incluyó leucocitospermia, siguiendo los lineamientos de la OMS, para determinar las variables cualitativas y cuantitativas del semen. Las muestras de semen fueron cultivadas en agar sangre y agar chocolate a 37° C en atmósfera de CO2 para investigar bacterias aeróbicas, y se utilizó un juego de reactivos (Mycoplasma System Plus que permite realizar el cultivo, la identificación, el conteo semicuantitativo y el antibiograma de micoplasmas/ureaplasma urogenitales. Se tuvo en cuenta los aspectos éticos, y los resultados obtenidos se analizaron mediante cálculo de por cientos y la aplicación de la prueba de chi cuadrado. Resultados: de las 140 muestras de semen evaluadas, 58 (41,4 % mostraron la presencia de infecciones, de ellas 37 correspondieron a Ureaplasma urealyticum (25,7 %, 2 a Micoplasma hominis (1,4 % y 19 a bacterias aeróbicas (13,8 %. Al comparar las variables cualitativas y cuantitativas del semen con los sujetos infectados y no infectados, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ninguna de las variables de calidad espermática evaluadas. Conclusiones: la frecuencia total de infecciones, en la muestra estudiada, fue relativamente alta, pero no asociada a alteraciones en las variables seminales

Monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial em indivíduos normotensos submetidos a duas sessões únicas de exercícios: resistido e aeróbio Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in normotensive individuals undergoing two single exercise sessions: resistive exercise training and aerobic exercise training

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Ambrosina Maria Lignani de Miranda Bermudes

2004-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar a influência de duas sessões únicas de exercício resistido (circuito com pesos e aeróbio sobre as alterações pressóricas, em indivíduos sedentários e normotensos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados pela monitorização numa situação controle, sem realização de exercícios (MAPA 1 25 indivíduos, após exercício resistido (MAPA 2 e após exercício aeróbio (MAPA 3. Os exercícios resistidos foram realizados sob forma de circuito com pesos, com intensidade de 40% da força máxima individual e os exercícios aeróbicos em cicloergômetro, com intensidade entre 60% e 70% da freqüência cardíaca (FC máxima alcançada no teste ergométrico. RESULTADOS: A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS de 24h e sub-períodos vigília e sono não apresentaram variações estatisticamente significantes quando comparada à MAPA2 e MAPA3 e MAPA2 e MAPA3 entre si. A pressão arterial diastólica (PAD de 24h e diurna apresentaram reduções significantes (POBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of 2 single exercise sessions on blood pressure in sedentary normotensive individuals: one of resistive exercise training (circuit weight training and the other of aerobic exercise training. METHODS: Using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, this study assessed 25 individuals as follows: in a controlled situation at rest (ABPM 1; after resistive exercise training (ABPM 2; and after aerobic exercise training (ABPM 3. Resistive exercise training was performed as circuit weight training with an intensity of 40% of each individual's maximum strength. The aerobic exercise training was performed on a cycloergometer with intensity between 60% and 70% of the maximum heart rate (HR reached during previous exercise testing. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure (SBP values during 24 hours and during subperiods of wakefulness and sleep showed no statistically significant variations when the results obtained at rest were compared with those of ABPM2 and ABPM3, and when

Impact of line parameter database, continuum absorption, full grind configuration, and L1B update on GOSAT TIR methane retrieval

Science.gov (United States)

Yamada, A.; Saitoh, N.; Nonogaki, R.; Imasu, R.; Shiomi, K.; Kuze, A.

2016-12-01

The thermal infrared (TIR) band of Thermal and Near-infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) onboard Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) observes CH4 profile at wavenumber range from 1210 cm-1 to 1360 cm-1 including CH4 ν4 band. The current retrieval algorithm (V1.0) uses LBLRTM V12.1 with AER V3.1 line database to calculate optical depth. LBLRTM V12.1 include MT_CKD 2.5.2 model to calculate continuum absorption. The continuum absorption has large uncertainty, especially temperature dependent coefficient, between BPS model and MT_CKD model in the wavenumber region of 1210-1250 cm-1(Paynter and Ramaswamy, 2014). The purpose of this study is to assess the impact on CH4 retrieval from the line parameter databases and the uncertainty of continuum absorption. We used AER v1.0 database, HITRAN2004 database, HITRAN2008 database, AER V3.2 database, and HITRAN2012 database (Rothman et al. 2005, 2009, and 2013. Clough et al., 2005). AER V1.0 database is based on HITRAN2000. The CH4 line parameters of AER V3.1 and V3.2 databases are developed from HITRAN2008 including updates until May 2009 with line mixing parameters. We compared the retrieved CH4 with the HIPPO CH4 observation (Wofsy et al., 2012). The difference of AER V3.2 was the smallest and 24.1 ± 45.9 ppbv. The differences of AER V1.0, HITRAN2004, HITRAN2008, and HITRAN2012 were 35.6 ± 46.5 ppbv, 37.6 ± 46.3 ppbv, 32.1 ± 46.1 ppbv, and 35.2 ± 46.0 ppbv, respectively. Compare AER V3.2 case to HITRAN2008 case, the line coupling effect reduced difference by 8.0 ppbv. Median values of Residual difference from HITRAN2008 to AER V1.0, HITRAN2004, AER V3.2, and HITRAN2012 were 0.6 K, 0.1 K, -0.08 K, and 0.08 K, respectively, while median values of transmittance difference were less than 0.0003 and transmittance differences have small wavenumber dependence. We also discuss the retrieval error from the uncertainty of the continuum absorption, the test of full grid

Neural Substrates of Auditory Emotion Recognition Deficits in Schizophrenia.

Science.gov (United States)

Kantrowitz, Joshua T; Hoptman, Matthew J; Leitman, David I; Moreno-Ortega, Marta; Lehrfeld, Jonathan M; Dias, Elisa; Sehatpour, Pejman; Laukka, Petri; Silipo, Gail; Javitt, Daniel C

2015-11-04

Deficits in auditory emotion recognition (AER) are a core feature of schizophrenia and a key component of social cognitive impairment. AER deficits are tied behaviorally to impaired ability to interpret tonal ("prosodic") features of speech that normally convey emotion, such as modulations in base pitch (F0M) and pitch variability (F0SD). These modulations can be recreated using synthetic frequency modulated (FM) tones that mimic the prosodic contours of specific emotional stimuli. The present study investigates neural mechanisms underlying impaired AER using a combined event-related potential/resting-state functional connectivity (rsfMRI) approach in 84 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder patients and 66 healthy comparison subjects. Mismatch negativity (MMN) to FM tones was assessed in 43 patients/36 controls. rsfMRI between auditory cortex and medial temporal (insula) regions was assessed in 55 patients/51 controls. The relationship between AER, MMN to FM tones, and rsfMRI was assessed in the subset who performed all assessments (14 patients, 21 controls). As predicted, patients showed robust reductions in MMN across FM stimulus type (p = 0.005), particularly to modulations in F0M, along with impairments in AER and FM tone discrimination. MMN source analysis indicated dipoles in both auditory cortex and anterior insula, whereas rsfMRI analyses showed reduced auditory-insula connectivity. MMN to FM tones and functional connectivity together accounted for ∼50% of the variance in AER performance across individuals. These findings demonstrate that impaired preattentive processing of tonal information and reduced auditory-insula connectivity are critical determinants of social cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, and thus represent key targets for future research and clinical intervention. Schizophrenia patients show deficits in the ability to infer emotion based upon tone of voice [auditory emotion recognition (AER)] that drive impairments in social cognition

Overweight and aerobic fitness in children in the United States/Mexico border region El sobrepeso y el acondicionamiento aeróbico en niños de la frontera mexicanoestadounidense

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Karen J. Coleman

2004-04-01

overweight than were non-Hispanic white children throughout the United States. In addition, the children in El Paso were less aerobically fit than were non-Hispanic white children and than were other Mexican-American children in the United States. These results clearly show that efforts should be made in the border regions of both Mexico and the United States to develop physical activity and nutrition programs to help stem rising rates of overweight.OBJETIVO: Estudiar el sobrepeso y el acondicionamiento aeróbico en niños de tercero y cuarto grado de primaria en una ciudad de Estados Unidos de América (El Paso, Texas y una ciudad de México (Chihuahua, Chihuahua, ambas situadas en la frontera entre esos dos países o cerca de ella, así como comparar los resultados observados en esas dos ciudades con resultados obtenidos anteriormente en otras muestras infantiles en Estados Unidos. MÉTODOS: Seguimos a un grupo de niños en El Paso (427 varones y 385 niñas, 93% de los cuales eran de ascendencia mexicana que cursaban el tercero o cuarto grado de primaria y evaluamos cambios en el índice de masa corporal (IMC. En la ciudad de Chihuahua medimos el IMC en una muestra transversal de niños de tercer grado (221 varones y 237 niñas y de cuarto grado (268 varones y 215 niñas. A todos los niños estudiados en ambas ciudades se les tomaron mediciones de IMC y del pliegue cutáneo del tríceps. El IMC se usó para estimar el riesgo de sobrepeso (un IMC igual o mayor al del percentil 85 para la edad y el sexo y para detectar la presencia de sobrepeso (un IMC igual o mayor al del percentil 95 para la edad y el sexo. La distancia que los niños en El Paso corrieron en nueve minutos se usó para evaluar su grado de acondicionamiento aeróbico (el cual no se midió en los niños de Chichuaua. En El Paso los datos se recolectaron en 1999, 2000 y 2001 y en Chichuahua, en 2000 y 2001. RESULTADOS: En los varones de El Paso se observó un aumento significativo de 22 a 28% en la frecuencia

A tamoxifen inducible knock-in allele for investigation of E2A function

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Kondo Motonari

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background E-proteins are transcription factors important for the development of a variety of cell types, including neural, muscle and lymphocytes of the immune system. E2A, the best characterized E-protein family member in mammals, has been shown to have stage specific roles in cell differentiation, lineage commitment, proliferation, and survival. However, due to the complexity of E2A function, it is often difficult to separate these roles using conventional genetic approaches. Here, we have developed a new genetic model for reversible control of E2A protein activity at physiological levels. This system was created by inserting a tamoxifen-responsive region of the estrogen receptor (ER at the carboxyl end of the tcfe2a gene to generate E2AER fusion proteins. We have characterized and analyzed the efficiency and kinetics of this inducible E2AER system in the context of B cell development. Results B cell development has been shown previously to be blocked at an early stage in E2A deficient animals. Our E2AER/ER mice demonstrated this predicted block in B cell development, and E2AER DNA binding activity was not detected in the absence of ligand. In vitro studies verified rapid induction of E2AER DNA binding activity upon tamoxifen treatment. While tamoxifen treatment of E2AER/ER mice showed inefficient rescue of B cell development in live animals, direct exposure of bone marrow cells to tamoxifen in an ex vivo culture was sufficient to rescue and support early B cell development from the pre-proB cell stage. Conclusion The E2AER system provides inducible and reversible regulation of E2A function at the protein level. Many previous studies have utilized over-expression systems to induce E2A function, which are complicated by the toxicity often resulting from high levels of E2A. The E2AER model instead restores E2A activity at an endogenous level and in addition, allows for tight regulation of the timing of induction. These features make

Different regulation of limb development by p63 transcript variants.

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Manabu Kawata

Full Text Available The apical ectodermal ridge (AER, located at the distal end of each limb bud, is a key signaling center which controls outgrowth and patterning of the proximal-distal axis of the limb through secretion of various molecules. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs, particularly Fgf8 and Fgf4, are representative molecules produced by AER cells, and essential to maintain the AER and cell proliferation in the underlying mesenchyme, meanwhile Jag2-Notch pathway negatively regulates the AER and limb development. p63, a transcription factor of the p53 family, is expressed in the AER and indispensable for limb formation. However, the underlying mechanisms and specific roles of p63 variants are unknown. Here, we quantified the expression of p63 variants in mouse limbs from embryonic day (E 10.5 to E12.5, and found that ΔNp63γ was strongly expressed in limbs at all stages, while TAp63γ expression was rapidly increased in the later stages. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of limb bud cells from reporter mouse embryos at E11.5 revealed that all variants were abundantly expressed in AER cells, and their expression was very low in mesenchymal cells. We then generated AER-specific p63 knockout mice by mating mice with a null and a flox allele of p63, and Msx2-Cre mice (Msx2-Cre;p63Δ/fl. Msx2-Cre;p63Δ/fl neonates showed limb malformation that was more obvious in distal elements. Expression of various AER-related genes was decreased in Msx2-Cre;p63Δ/fl limb buds and embryoid bodies formed by p63-knockdown induced pluripotent stem cells. Promoter analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated Fgf8 and Fgf4 as transcriptional targets of ΔNp63γ, and Jag2 as that of TAp63γ. Furthermore, TAp63γ overexpression exacerbated the phenotype of Msx2-Cre;p63Δ/fl mice. These data indicate that ΔNp63 and TAp63 control limb development through transcriptional regulation of different target molecules with different roles in the AER. Our findings

Address-event-based platform for bioinspired spiking systems

Science.gov (United States)

Jiménez-Fernández, A.; Luján, C. D.; Linares-Barranco, A.; Gómez-Rodríguez, F.; Rivas, M.; Jiménez, G.; Civit, A.

2007-05-01

Address Event Representation (AER) is an emergent neuromorphic interchip communication protocol that allows a real-time virtual massive connectivity between huge number neurons, located on different chips. By exploiting high speed digital communication circuits (with nano-seconds timings), synaptic neural connections can be time multiplexed, while neural activity signals (with mili-seconds timings) are sampled at low frequencies. Also, neurons generate "events" according to their activity levels. More active neurons generate more events per unit time, and access the interchip communication channel more frequently, while neurons with low activity consume less communication bandwidth. When building multi-chip muti-layered AER systems, it is absolutely necessary to have a computer interface that allows (a) reading AER interchip traffic into the computer and visualizing it on the screen, and (b) converting conventional frame-based video stream in the computer into AER and injecting it at some point of the AER structure. This is necessary for test and debugging of complex AER systems. In the other hand, the use of a commercial personal computer implies to depend on software tools and operating systems that can make the system slower and un-robust. This paper addresses the problem of communicating several AER based chips to compose a powerful processing system. The problem was discussed in the Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop of 2006. The platform is based basically on an embedded computer, a powerful FPGA and serial links, to make the system faster and be stand alone (independent from a PC). A new platform is presented that allow to connect up to eight AER based chips to a Spartan 3 4000 FPGA. The FPGA is responsible of the network communication based in Address-Event and, at the same time, to map and transform the address space of the traffic to implement a pre-processing. A MMU microprocessor (Intel XScale 400MHz Gumstix Connex computer) is also connected to the FPGA

Why didn’t you say something? Using after-event reviews to affect voice behavior and hierarchy beliefs in multi-professional action teams

OpenAIRE

Weiss Mona; Kolbe Michaela; Grote Gudela; Spahn Donat R.; Grande Bastian

2016-01-01

Team decision making can go wrong when individuals fear to voice suggestions or concerns to higher status team members. We investigate how after event reviews (AERs) can be used to promote voice behaviour and hierarchy attenuating beliefs in multi professional action teams. We hypothesized that (1) lower status team members will speak up more following an assertiveness specific AER (ASAER) as compared to a teamwork generic AER (TGAER) and (2) that an ASAER leads to stronger endorsement of hie...

The development of automatic emotion regulation in an implicit emotional Go/NoGo paradigm and the association with depressive symptoms and anhedonia during adolescence

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Wenhai Zhang

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Impaired automatic emotion regulation (AER is closely related to major depressive disorder. Our research in adults has identified two AER-related components, Go N2 and NoGo P3, in an implicit emotional Go/NoGo paradigm. However, it is unclear whether Go N2 and NoGo P3 reflect the development of AER in adolescents and the relationship of these components with subclinical depressive symptoms and trait anhedonia. We collected EEG data from 55 adolescents while they completed the implicit emotional Go/NoGo task. After the experiment, the subjects completed the Chinese version of the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. Consistent with results in adults, we determined that Go N2 represents automatic top-down attention to emotions in Go trials, whereas NoGo P3 represents automatic response inhibition in NoGo trials. These AER components exhibited age-dependent improvement during adolescence. Additionally, NoGo P3 amplitudes elicited by viewing positive faces were positively correlated with trait anhedonia, whereas NoGo P3 amplitudes elicited by viewing negative faces were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. Our observations provide further understanding of the neurodevelopmental mechanism of AER and yield new insight into dissociable impairments in AER in adolescents with major depressive disorder during positive and negative implicit processing.

Efecto del ejercicio aeróbico y la estimulación ambiental sobre la reducción de los niveles de ansiedad en el envejecimiento

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Patricia Sampedro Piquero

2015-08-01

Full Text Available El enriquecimiento ambiental (EAM y el ejercicio aeróbico (EJ son intervenciones capaces de reducir la ansiedad durante el envejecimiento, pero poco se sabe acerca de cómo modulan las proyecciones cerebrales hacia el eje hipotálamo-pituitario adrenal (HPA. Estudiamos el efecto de un programa de EAM y de EJ durante 2 meses en ratas Wistar macho de 18 meses de edad asignadas aleatoriamente a tres grupos: control (CO, n=6, EAM (n=8 y EJ (n=8. El programa de ejercicio fue llevado a cabo 15min/día y el grupo EAM fue estabulado en una jaula de grandes dimensiones con diferentes objetos renovados frecuentemente. Mediante la histoquímica de la citocromo c oxidasa (COx estudiamos la actividad metabólica de regiones cerebrales implicadas en la respuesta de ansiedad. El EAM redujo la actividad metabólica de regiones cerebrales implicadas en activar al eje HPA (corteza infralímbica, amígdala basolateral y núcleo paravetricular hipotalámico, (p<0.05. Por otro lado, el EJ aumentó la actividad de regiones implicadas en la inhibición (corteza cingulada, núcleo del lecho de la estría terminal e hipocampo dorsal, (p<0.05. En conclusión, parece que el EAM y el EJ modulan de forma diferente la actividad de regiones cerebrales que proyectan al eje HPA y podrían constituir intervenciones eficaces para reducir los niveles de ansiedad durante el envejecimiento.

Differences in the acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in subjects with type 2 diabetes: results from the RAED2 Randomized Trial.

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Elisabetta Bacchi

Full Text Available Both aerobic (AER and resistance (RES training, if maintained over a period of several months, reduce HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes subjects. However, it is still unknown whether the short-term effects of these types of exercise on blood glucose are similar. Our objective was to assess whether there may be a difference in acute blood glucose changes after a single bout of AER or RES exercise.Twenty-five patients participating in the RAED2 Study, a RCT comparing AER and RES training in diabetic subjects, were submitted to continuous glucose monitoring during a 60-min exercise session and over the following 47 h. These measurements were performed after 10.9+0.4 weeks of training. Glucose concentration areas under the curve (AUC during exercise, the subsequent night, and the 24-h period following exercise, as well as the corresponding periods of the non-exercise day, were assessed. Moreover, the low (LBGI and high (HBGI blood glucose indices, which summarize the duration and extent of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia, respectively, were measured.AER and RES training similarly reduced HbA1c. Forty-eight hour glucose AUC was similar in both groups. However, a comparison of glucose AUC during the 60-min exercise period and the corresponding period of the non-exercise day showed that glucose levels were lower during exercise in the AER but not in the RES group (time-by-group interaction p = 0.04. Similar differences were observed in the nocturnal periods (time-by-group interaction p = 0.02. Accordingly, nocturnal LBGI was higher in the exercise day than in the non-exercise day in the AER (p = 0.012 but not in the RES group (p = 0.62.Although AER and RES training have similar long-term metabolic effects in diabetic subjects, the acute effects of single bouts of these exercise types differ, with a potential increase in late-onset hypoglycaemia risk after AER exercise.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01182948.

Enhanced Al and Zn removal from coal-mine drainage during rapid oxidation and precipitation of Fe oxides at near-neutral pH

Science.gov (United States)

Burrows, Jill E.; Cravotta, Charles A.; Peters, Stephen C.

2017-01-01

Net-alkaline, anoxic coal-mine drainage containing ∼20 mg/L FeII and ∼0.05 mg/L Al and Zn was subjected to parallel batch experiments: control, aeration (Aer 1 12.6 mL/s; Aer 2 16.8 mL/s; Aer 3 25.0 mL/s), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to test the hypothesis that aeration increases pH, FeII oxidation, hydrous FeIII oxide (HFO) formation, and trace-metal removal through adsorption and coprecipitation with HFO. During 5.5-hr field experiments, pH increased from 6.4 to 6.7, 7.1, 7.6, and 8.1 for the control, Aer 1, Aer 2, and Aer 3, respectively, but decreased to 6.3 for the H2O2 treatment. Aeration accelerated removal of dissolved CO2, Fe, Al, and Zn. In Aer 3, dissolved Al was completely removed within 1 h, but increased to ∼20% of the initial concentration after 2.5 h when pH exceeded 7.5. H2O2 promoted rapid removal of all dissolved Fe and Al, and 13% of dissolved Zn.Kinetic modeling with PHREEQC simulated effects of aeration on pH, CO2, Fe, Zn, and Al. Aeration enhanced Zn adsorption by increasing pH and HFO formation while decreasing aqueous CO2 available to form ZnCO30 and Zn(CO3)22− at high pH. Al concentrations were inconsistent with solubility control by Al minerals or Al-containing HFO, but could be simulated by adsorption on HFO at pH oxidation with pH adjustment to ∼7.5 could be effective for treating high-Fe and moderate-Zn concentrations, whereas chemical oxidation without pH adjustment may be effective for treating high-Fe and moderate-Al concentrations.

CT EVALUATION OF AZYGOESOPHAGEAL RECESS IN ADULTS

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Kulamani Sahoo

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Azygoesophageal recess (AER is right posterior mediastinal recess . Knowledge of normal radiologic appearance and manifestations of disease in AER can facilitate the detection and diagnosis of many intrathoracic diseases ranging from infective processes to tumors involving mediastinum, lung/pleura, lymphatic system, upper gastrointestinal system (esophagus & stomach & cardio - vascular system. Aim of this study was to investigate various intrathoracic pathologies, altering the configuration of AER on CT in adults & to find out any significance with various disease processes. This study was carried out in CT center, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Krishna Institute of medical sciences, Karad from October 2012 - September 2014. CT thorax of 156 patients was studied for configuration of AER irrespective of pathology. In this study , configuration of AER was altered in descending order with pathologies belonging to following systems: Respiratory system (Lung parenchyma pathologies causing volume loss of right lower lobe particularly Koch’s , UIP , Malignancy , Pleural pathologies (Secondary more common than Primary >Lymphatic system(secondary subcarinal lymph node more common than Primary Lymphoma >Cardio - vascular system(Cardiomegaly particularly Left atrial enlargement >Gastrointestinal system ( hiatus herni a & esophageal Cancer > Mediastinum ( Koch’s of dorsal spine with paraspinal abscess.

Presencia electrocardiográfica de bradicardia sinusal en reposo atribuible a la exigencia del trabajo de larga duración (fondo) en comparación con ejercicios de corta duración y gran intensidad

OpenAIRE

Ochoa Larrea, Mario Esteban

2015-01-01

El propósito de este estudio es identificar si la bradicardia sinusal es directamente proporcional al tiempo y tipo de trabajo de resistencia aeróbica. Se tomó un electrocardiograma basal digital de 12 derivaciones para el estudio comparativo de 114 deportistas de atletismo, ciclismo, triatlón, natación y potencia de la Provincia de Pichincha, de los cuales el 59.65% (n=68) eran varones, sumados los practicantes de resistencia aeróbica (86.96%) y no resistencia aeróbica (13.04%). Se buscó ...

Probabilistic estimation of residential air exchange rates for population-based human exposure modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Residential air exchange rates (AERs) are a key determinant in the infiltration of ambient air pollution indoors. Population-based human exposure models using probabilistic approaches to estimate personal exposure to air pollutants have relied on input distributions from AER meas...

Characterization of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolates by ribotyping and plasmid profiling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Karl; Dalsgaard, Inger; Larsen, J.L.

1996-01-01

A total of 38 strains of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida, three oxidase-negative but otherwise typical Aer. salmonicida, three typical Aer. salmonicida, and two reference strains, isolated from several countries and fish species were examined with respect to rRNA gene restriction patterns (ribotypes...

An Update on the Journal Astronomy Education Review and Why Your Work Isn't Done Until You Have Published

Science.gov (United States)

Wolff, S.; Fraknoi, A.; Hockey, T.; Biemesderfer, C.; Johnson, J.

2010-08-01

Astronomy Education Review (AER) is an online journal and magazine, covering astronomy and space science education and outreach. Founded in 2001 by Andrew Fraknoi and Sidney Wolff, and published until recently by National Optical Astronomy Observatories (NOAO), the journal is now a proud part of the journals operation of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) found online at http://aer.aip.org. If you are presenting at this conference, or reading the conference proceedings, you may be an ideal candidate to publish in AER. Later in this paper, we present some encouraging hints and guidelines for publishing in the journal.

Annual Energy Review 2002

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seiferlein, Katherine E. [USDOE Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC (United States)

2003-10-01

The Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the Energy Information Administration’s historical energy statistics. For many series, statistics are given for every year from 1949 through 2002. The statistics, expressed in either physical units or British thermal units, cover all major energy activities, including consumption, production, trade, stocks, and prices, for all major energy commodities, including fossil fuels, electricity, and renewable energy sources. Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department of Energy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilities given to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) under Section 205(a)(2), which states: “The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....” The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies, energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding data series in the AER and in other EIA publications. Related Publication: Readers of the AER may also be interested in EIA’s Monthly Energy Review, which presents monthly updates of many of the data in the AER. Contact our National Energy Information Center for more information.

Efeito do exercício aeróbio e resistido no perfil antropométrico e respostas cardiovasculares de idosos portadores de hipertensão = Aerobic exercise and resistance effect on the anthropometric profile and cardiovascular responses in elderly people with high blood pressure

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Kleverton Krinski

2006-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos do exercício aeróbio e resistido no perfil antropométrico e respostas cardiovasculares de idosos portadores de hipertensão arterial (HA. A amostra foi composta de 53 voluntários de ambos os sexos, todos sedentários, com idade de 64,28±4,7 anos, cor branca, portadores de HA. Foram analisados os níveis de pressão arterial (PA, freqüência cardíaca (FC peso corporal (Kg, IMC e percentual de gordura corporal (%GC, antes, durante e após seis meses de exercícios. O protocolo de treinamento foi composto por uma sessão de exercícios, dividida em 20 minutos de atividade aeróbia e 40 minutos de exercícios resistidos dinâmicos, com freqüência semanal de três vezes e duração de seis meses. Como principais resultados apresentaram-se diferenças significativas em relação ao %GC, acompanhado de umaredução linear na pressão arterial média (PAM e FC, indicando uma melhora em importantes parâmetros morfofuncionais.The present study aimed to analyze the aerobic and resistance exercise effects on the anthropometric profile and cardiovascular responses in elderly people with High Blood Pressure (HBP. The sample consisted of 53 volunteers of both genders who were allsedentary, at the age of 64.28±4.7 years old, fair skin, with HBP. The blood pressure levels, cardiac frequency (CF, body weight (Kg, BMI and body fat percentage (BF% were analyzed before, during and after the period of exercises. The training protocol consisted ofexercise sessions divided into 20 minutes of aerobic activity and 40 minutes of dynamic resistance exercises, three times a week, during a period of six months. Results showed a significant difference in relation to the BF%, followed by a linear reduction in the AverageBlood Pressure (ABP and CF, as well as an improvement in important morphofunctional parameters.

Double-blind, randomised study of the effect of combined treatment with vitamin C and E on albuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patients

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gaede, P; Poulsen, H E; Parving, H H

2001-01-01

AIMS: Elevated levels of urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) predict high risk for progressing to end-stage renal disease. In streptozotocin-induced diabetes, supplementation with vitamin C or E reduces albuminuria and glomerular hypertrophy. We tested the hypothesis that supplementation of both...... vitamin C and E in pharmacological doses lowers AER in Type 2 diabetic patients with persistent micro/macroalbuminuria. METHODS: Thirty Type 2 diabetic patients with AER 30-300 mg/24 h were included in a double-blind randomised, cross-over trial. Patients received vitamin C (1250 mg) and vitamin E (680 IU......) per day or matching placebo for 4 weeks with a 3-week wash-out period between treatment periods in random order. RESULTS: Combined treatment with vitamin C and E reduced AER by 19% (95% CI 6-34%) (p = 0.04), geometric mean 197 mg/24 h (95% CI 114-341 mg/24 h) vs. 243 mg/24 h (146-404 mg/24 h...

Annual energy review 1992

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-01-01

This eleventh edition of the Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the Energy Information Administration's historical energy statistics. For most series, statistics are given for every year from 1949 through 1992. Because coverage spans four decades, the statistics in this report are well-suited to tong-term trend analyses. The AER is comprehensive. It covers all major energy activities, including consumption, production, trade, stocks, and prices, all major energy commodities, including fossil fuels and electricity. The AER also presents statistics on some renewable energy sources. For the most part, fuel-specific data are expressed in physical units such as barrels, cubic feet, and short tons. The integrated summary data in Section 1 are expressed in Btu. The Btu values are calculated using the conversion factors in Appendix A. Statistics expressed in Btu are valuable in that they allow for comparisons among different fuels and for the calculation of in the integrated summary statistics such as US consumption of Energy. The AER emphasizes domestic energy statistics

Suicide attempts, platelet monoamine oxidase and the average evoked response

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buchsbaum, M.S.; Haier, R.J.; Murphy, D.L.

1977-01-01

The relationship between suicides and suicide attempts and two biological measures, platelet monoamine oxidase levels (MAO) and average evoked response (AER) augmenting was examined in 79 off-medication psychiatric patients and in 68 college student volunteers chosen from the upper and lower deciles of MAO activity levels. In the patient sample, male individuals with low MAO and AER augmenting, a pattern previously associated with bipolar affective disorders, showed a significantly increased incidence of suicide attempts in comparison with either non-augmenting low MAO or high MAO patients. Within the normal volunteer group, all male low MAO probands with a family history of suicide or suicide attempts were AER augmenters themselves. Four completed suicides were found among relatives of low MAO probands whereas no high MAO proband had a relative who committed suicide. These findings suggest that the combination of low platelet MAO activity and AER augmenting may be associated with a possible genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. (author)

Experimental evaluation of the power balance model of speed skating.

Science.gov (United States)

de Koning, Jos J; Foster, Carl; Lampen, Joanne; Hettinga, Floor; Bobbert, Maarten F

2005-01-01

Prediction of speed skating performance with a power balance model requires assumptions about the kinetics of energy production, skating efficiency, and skating technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate these parameters during competitive imitations for the purpose of improving model predictions. Elite speed skaters (n = 8) performed races and submaximal efficiency tests. External power output (P(o)) was calculated from movement analysis and aerodynamic models and ice friction measurements. Aerobic kinetics was calculated from breath-by-breath oxygen uptake (Vo(2)). Aerobic power (P(aer)) was calculated from measured skating efficiency. Anaerobic power (P(an)) kinetics was determined by subtracting P(aer) from P(o). We found gross skating efficiency to be 15.8% (1.8%). In the 1,500-m event, the kinetics of P(an) was characterized by a first-order system as P(an) = 88 + 556e(-0.0494t) (in W, where t is time). The rate constant for the increase in P(aer) was -0.153 s(-1), the time delay was 8.7 s, and the peak P(aer) was 234 W; P(aer) was equal to 234[1 - e(-0.153(t-8.7))] (in W). Skating position changed with preextension knee angle increasing and trunk angle decreasing throughout the event. We concluded the pattern of P(aer) to be quite similar to that reported during other competitive imitations, with the exception that the increase in P(aer) was more rapid. The pattern of P(an) does not appear to fit an "all-out" pattern, with near zero values during the last portion of the event, as assumed in our previous model (De Koning JJ, de Groot G, and van Ingen Schenau GJ. J Biomech 25: 573-580, 1992). Skating position changed in ways different from those assumed in our previous model. In addition to allowing improved predictions, the results demonstrate the importance of observations in unique subjects to the process of model construction.

Impact of line parameter database and continuum absorption on GOSAT TIR methane retrieval

Science.gov (United States)

Yamada, A.; Saitoh, N.; Nonogaki, R.; Imasu, R.; Shiomi, K.; Kuze, A.

2017-12-01

The current methane retrieval algorithm (V1) at wavenumber range from 1210 cm-1 to 1360 cm-1 including CH4 ν 4 band from the thermal infrared (TIR) band of Thermal and Near-infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) onboard Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) uses LBLRTM V12.1 with AER V3.1 line database and MT CKD 2.5.2 continuum absorption model to calculate optical depth. Since line parameter databases have been updated and the continuum absorption may have large uncertainty, the purpose of this study is to assess the impact on {CH}4 retrieval from the choice of line parameter databases and the uncertainty of continuum absorption. We retrieved {CH}4 profiles with replacement of line parameter database from AER V3.1 to AER v1.0, HITRAN 2004, HITRAN 2008, AER V3.2, or HITRAN 2012 (Rothman et al. 2005, 2009, and 2013. Clough et al., 2005), we assumed 10% larger continuum absorption coefficients and 50% larger temperature dependent coefficient of continuum absorption based on the report by Paynter and Ramaswamy (2014). We compared the retrieved CH4 with the HIPPO CH4 observation (Wofsy et al., 2012). The difference from HIPPO observation of AER V3.2 was the smallest and 24.1 ± 45.9 ppbv. The differences of AER V1.0, HITRAN 2004, HITRAN 2008, and HITRAN 2012 were 35.6 ± 46.5 ppbv, 37.6 ± 46.3 ppbv, 32.1 ± 46.1 ppbv, and 35.2 ± 46.0 ppbv, respectively. Maximum {CH}4 retrieval differences were -0.4 ppbv at the layer of 314 hPa when we used 10% larger absorption coefficients of {H}2O foreign continuum. Comparing AER V3.2 case to HITRAN 2008 case, the line coupling effect reduced difference by 8.0 ppbv. Line coupling effects were important for GOSAT TIR {CH}4 retrieval. Effects from the uncertainty of continuum absorption were negligible small for GOSAT TIR CH4 retrieval.

Diurnal and seasonal variation in air exchange rates and interzonal flows measured by active tracer gas in five Danish homes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Clausen, Geo; Bekö, Gabriel; Toftum, Jørn

2016-01-01

We measured the air exchange rates (AER) in up to six rooms in five naturally ventilated dwellings across four seasons using active tracer gas. Night time AER was also estimated in all bedrooms based on occupant-generated CO2. Additionally, we studied the pollutant distribution across the dwellin...

75 FR 66195 - Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Propofol Into Schedule IV

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-27

... published abuse liability studies of propofol in humans in which the reinforcement and reward effects have... reporting by the subject feeling ``high,'' relative to the placebo. The motivation for abuse of propofol is... Reporting System (AERS) DataMart database). In the AERS database, there are reports of propofol diversion...

Decoding the drivers of bank erosion on the Mekong river: The roles of the Asian monsoon, tropical storms, and snowmelt.

Science.gov (United States)

Darby, Stephen E; Leyland, Julian; Kummu, Matti; Räsänen, Timo A; Lauri, Hannu

2013-04-01

We evaluate links between climate and simulated river bank erosion for one of the world's largest rivers, the Mekong. We employ a process-based model to reconstruct multidecadal time series of bank erosion at study sites within the Mekong's two main hydrological response zones, defining a new parameter, accumulated excess runoff (AER), pertinent to bank erosion. We employ a hydrological model to isolate how snowmelt, tropical storms and monsoon precipitation each contribute to AER and thus modeled bank erosion. Our results show that melt (23.9% at the upstream study site, declining to 11.1% downstream) and tropical cyclones (17.5% and 26.4% at the upstream and downstream sites, respectively) both force significant fractions of bank erosion on the Mekong. We also show (i) small, but significant, declines in AER and hence assumed bank erosion during the 20th century, and; (ii) that significant correlations exist between AER and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Of these modes of climate variability, we find that IOD events exert a greater control on simulated bank erosion than ENSO events; but the influences of both ENSO and IOD when averaged over several decades are found to be relatively weak. However, importantly, relationships between ENSO, IOD, and AER and hence inferred river bank erosion are not time invariant. Specifically, we show that there is an intense and prolonged epoch of strong coherence between ENSO and AER from the early 1980s to present, such that in recent decades derived Mekong River bank erosion has been more strongly affected by ENSO.

Ion-exchange selectivity of diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen in ureolyzed human urine.

Science.gov (United States)

Landry, Kelly A; Sun, Peizhe; Huang, Ching-Hua; Boyer, Treavor H

2015-01-01

This research advances the knowledge of ion-exchange of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBP), ketoprofen (KTP), and naproxen (NPX) - and one analgesic drug-paracetamol (PCM) - by strong-base anion exchange resin (AER) in synthetic ureolyzed urine. Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Astakhov, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were fit to experimental equilibrium data using nonlinear least squares method. Favorable ion-exchange was observed for DCF, KTP, and NPX, whereas unfavorable ion-exchange was observed for IBP and PCM. The ion-exchange selectivity of the AER was enhanced by van der Waals interactions between the pharmaceutical and AER as well as the hydrophobicity of the pharmaceutical. For instance, the high selectivity of the AER for DCF was due to the combination of Coulombic interactions between quaternary ammonium functional group of resin and carboxylate functional group of DCF, van der Waals interactions between polystyrene resin matrix and benzene rings of DCF, and possibly hydrogen bonding between dimethylethanol amine functional group side chain and carboxylate and amine functional groups of DCF. Based on analysis of covariance, the presence of multiple pharmaceuticals did not have a significant effect on ion-exchange removal when the NSAIDs were combined in solution. The AER reached saturation of the pharmaceuticals in a continuous-flow column at varying bed volumes following a decreasing order of DCF > NPX ≈ KTP > IBP. Complete regeneration of the column was achieved using a 5% (m/m) NaCl, equal-volume water-methanol solution. Results from multiple treatment and regeneration cycles provide insight into the practical application of pharmaceutical ion-exchange in ureolyzed urine using AER.

Comparative cost-efficiency of the EVOTECH endoscope cleaner and reprocessor versus manual cleaning plus automated endoscope reprocessing in a real-world Canadian hospital endoscopy setting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shum Cynthia

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Reprocessing of endoscopes generally requires labour-intensive manual cleaning followed by high-level disinfection in an automated endoscope reprocessor (AER. EVOTECH Endoscope Cleaner and Reprocessor (ECR is approved for fully automated cleaning and disinfection whereas AERs require manual cleaning prior to the high-level disinfection procedure. The purpose of this economic evaluation was to determine the cost-efficiency of the ECR versus AER methods of endoscopy reprocessing in an actual practice setting. Methods A time and motion study was conducted at a Canadian hospital to collect data on the personnel resources and consumable supplies costs associated with the use of EVOTECH ECR versus manual cleaning followed by AER with Medivators DSD-201. Reprocessing of all endoscopes was observed and timed for both reprocessor types over three days. Laboratory staff members were interviewed regarding the consumption and cost of all disposable supplies and equipment. Exact Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for assessing differences in total cycle reprocessing time. Results Endoscope reprocessing was significantly shorter with the ECR than with manual cleaning followed by AER. The differences in median time were 12.46 minutes per colonoscope (p Conclusions The EVOTECH ECR was more efficient and less costly to use for the reprocessing of endoscopes than manual cleaning followed by AER disinfection. Although the cost of consumable supplies required to reprocess endoscopes with EVOTECH ECR was slightly higher, the value of the labour time saved with EVOTECH ECR more than offset the additional consumables cost. The increased efficiency with EVOTECH ECR could lead to even further cost-savings by shifting endoscopy laboratory personnel responsibilities but further study is required.

EFEITOS DO TREINAMENTO COMBINADO SOBRE A FORÇA, RESISTÊNCIA E POTÊNCIA AERÓBICA EM IDOSAS

OpenAIRE

Guedes, Janesca Mansur; Bortoluzzi, Marília Guedes; Matte, Luciana Pauline; Andrade, Ciele Maria de; Zulpo, Nilciane Coppatti; Sebben, Vanessa; Tourinho Filho, Hugo

2016-01-01

RESUMO Introdução: O envelhecimento traz várias modificações, entre as quais o declínio progressivo das funções fisiológicas do organismo. Tanto o treino de força quanto um programa de resistência aeróbica são importantes para evitar o declínio funcional associado à idade. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento combinado de força e resistência aeróbica sobre a força de preensão manual, a massa muscular, a resistência e potência aeróbica de idosas. Métodos: Trinta e cinc...

Estabilidade aeróbia da ração total e de silagens de capim-marandu tratadas com aditivos químicos e bacterianos Aerobic stability of total mixed ration and marandugrass silage using microbial or chemical additive

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thiago Fernandes Bernardes

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de determinar o efeito da inclusão de aditivo químico e da inoculação de bactérias homo e heterofermentativas sobre a estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de capim-marandu e da ração total. Foram conduzidos três experimentos para avaliação do benzoato de sódio e de dois inoculantes, um contendo Lactobacillus plantarum + Propionibacterium e o segundo Lactobacillus buchneri. Após 60 dias de fermentação, os silos foram abertos e as silagens e a ração total (RT contendo silagens de capim-marandu foram colocadas em caixas de isopor e transferidas para câmara climática, a 25 ± 1ºC, para determinação das variações de temperatura na ração total e na silagem, das recuperações de MS e das alterações no pH da silagem. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Houve perdas de MS e elevação dos teores de pH quando as silagens foram colocadas em condições de aerobiose. A temperatura das silagens e da RT teve discreto aumento durante os seis dias de aeração. O uso de bactérias ou de benzoato de sódio não influenciou a estabilidade aeróbia das silagens.This research evaluated the inclusion of chemical additive and the inoculation with homo and heterofermentative bacteria on the aerobic stability of the Marandu grass silages and on the total mixed ration (TMR. It was conducted three experiments to evaluate sodium benzoate and two inoculants: 1. Lactobacillus plantarum + Propionibacterium and; 2. Lactobacillus buchneri. The silos were opened after 60 days of fermentation; the silages and the TMR containing the silages were placed in a polystyrene box, and transferred to a climatic chamber kept at 25 ± 1ºC to determine the temperature changes, dry matter recovery, and pH values. The data were analyzed according to a complete randomized design, in a split plot arrangement. The silages showed DM losses and increasing pH during the

Three-dimensional vapor intrusion modeling approach that combines wind and stack effects on indoor, atmospheric, and subsurface domains.

Science.gov (United States)

Shirazi, Elham; Pennell, Kelly G

2017-12-13

Vapor intrusion (IV) exposure risks are difficult to characterize due to the role of atmospheric, building and subsurface processes. This study presents a three-dimensional VI model that extends the common subsurface fate and transport equations to incorporate wind and stack effects on indoor air pressure, building air exchange rate (AER) and indoor contaminant concentration to improve VI exposure risk estimates. The model incorporates three modeling programs: (1) COMSOL Multiphysics to model subsurface fate and transport processes, (2) CFD0 to model atmospheric air flow around the building, and (3) CONTAM to model indoor air quality. The combined VI model predicts AER values, zonal indoor air pressures and zonal indoor air contaminant concentrations as a function of wind speed, wind direction and outdoor and indoor temperature. Steady state modeling results for a single-story building with a basement demonstrate that wind speed, wind direction and opening locations in a building play important roles in changing the AER, indoor air pressure, and indoor air contaminant concentration. Calculated indoor air pressures ranged from approximately -10 Pa to +4 Pa depending on weather conditions and building characteristics. AER values, mass entry rates and indoor air concentrations vary depending on weather conditions and building characteristics. The presented modeling approach can be used to investigate the relationship between building features, AER, building pressures, soil gas concentrations, indoor air concentrations and VI exposure risks.

Treinamento aeróbio em natação melhora a resposta de parâmetros metabólicos de ratos durante teste de esforço Aerobic swimming training improves metabolic parameters response during exertion test in rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Silveira Freitas

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Foram investigados os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio em natação com baixa intensidade sobre as respostas do lactato e da glicose sanguíneos de ratos durante teste de esforço. Ratos Wistar adultos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: sedentário (n = 6 e treinado (n = 6. Todos receberam água e ração ad libitum e foram mantidos em ambiente com temperatura de 22 ± 2ºC e ciclo claro/escuro de 12 horas. O grupo treinado foi submetido a um programa de natação contínua sem sobrecarga, 30 min/dia, cinco dias/semana, por seis semanas. Três dias após a última sessão de treino, as concentrações sanguíneas de lactato e glicose foram medidas em três momentos durante dois testes de esforço de 20 minutos (repouso, 10 min e 20 min, sendo um sem carga e outro com carga (5% do peso corporal, separados por dois dias. Observou-se correlação inversa entre lactato e glicose durante o exercício (ρ = - 0,74; P 0,05. Conclui-se que o treinamento aeróbio em natação aplicado foi capaz de alterar as respostas do lactato e glicose sanguíneos de ratos durante os testes de esforço.The effects of low intensity aerobic swimming training on blood lactate and glucose responses in rats were investigated during exertion test. Twelve adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary (n= 6 and trained (n= 6. All animals received water and food ad libitum and were kept in a room with temperature of 22 ± 2ºC and dark/light cycle of 12 hours. Animals from trained group were submitted to a swimming training protocol of 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. Sedentary animals did not exercise. Three days after the last training session all animals were submitted to two 20-minute swimming tests with 48 hour-interval, being one unloaded and the other with a load of 5 % of body weight. Blood lactate and glucose were measured at rest, 10 min and 20 min of exercise. Negative correlation between blood lactate and glucose levels

Utilizing Estimated Creatinine Excretion to Improve the Performance of Spot Urine Samples for the Determination of Proteinuria in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael Ke Wang

Full Text Available Agreement between spot and 24-hour urine protein measurements is poor in kidney transplant recipients. We investigated whether using formulae to estimate creatinine excretion rate (eCER, rather than assuming a standard creatinine excretion rate, would improve the estimation of proteinuria from spot urine samples in kidney transplant recipients.We measured 24 hour urine protein and albumin and spot albumin:creatinine (ACR and spot protein:creatinine (PCR in 181 Kidney transplant recipients." We utilized 6 different published formulae (Fotheringham, CKD-EPI, Cockcroft-Gault, Walser, Goldwasser and Rule to estimate eCER and from it calculated estimated albumin and protein excretion rate (eAER and ePER. Bias, precision and accuracy (within 15%, 30% and 50% of ACR, PCR, eAER, ePER were compared to 24-hour urine protein and albumin.ACR and PCR significantly underestimated 24-hour albumin and protein excretion (ACR Bias (IQR, -5.9 mg/day; p< 0.01; PCR Bias, (IQR, -35.2 mg/day; p<0.01. None of the formulae used to calculate eAER or ePER had a bias that was significantly different from the 24-hour collection (eAER and ePER bias: Fotheringham -0.3 and 7.2, CKD-EPI 0.3 and 13.5, Cockcroft-Gault -3.2 and -13.9, Walser -1.7 and 3.1, Goldwasser -1.3 and -0.5, Rule -0.6 and 4.2 mg/day respectively. The accuracy for ACR and PCR were lower (within 30% being 38% and 43% respectively than the corresponding values estimated by utilizing eCER (for eAER 46% to 49% and ePER 46-54%.Utilizing estimated creatinine excretion to calculate eAER and ePER improves the estimation of 24-hour albuminuria/proteinuria with spot urine samples in kidney transplant recipients.

Effect of acetone extract of Rumex japonicas Houtt on hydrogen ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

is the most important executor in the apoptotic process [25]. Furthermore, Bax is a pro-apoptotic protein in the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, whereas Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic protein [24]. In the present study, AER down-regulated the caspase-3 and Bax, but up-regulated Bcl-2, indicating that AER suppresses apoptosis ...

Annual Percentage Rate and Annual Effective Rate: Resolving Confusion in Intermediate Accounting Textbooks

Science.gov (United States)

Vicknair, David; Wright, Jeffrey

2015-01-01

Evidence of confusion in intermediate accounting textbooks regarding the annual percentage rate (APR) and annual effective rate (AER) is presented. The APR and AER are briefly discussed in the context of a note payable and correct formulas for computing each is provided. Representative examples of the types of confusion that we found is presented…

AER benchmark specification sheet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aszodi, A.; Toth, S.

2009-01-01

In the VVER-440/213 type reactors, the core outlet temperature field is monitored with in-core thermocouples, which are installed above 210 fuel assemblies. These measured temperatures are used in determination of the fuel assembly powers and they have important role in the reactor power limitation. For these reasons, correct interpretation of the thermocouple signals is an important question. In order to interpret the signals in correct way, knowledge of the coolant mixing in the assembly heads is necessary. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes and experiments can help to understand better these mixing processes and they can provide information which can support the more adequate interpretation of the thermocouple signals. This benchmark deals with the 3D CFD modeling of the coolant mixing in the heads of the profiled fuel assemblies with 12.2 mm rod pitch. Two assemblies of the 23rd cycle of the Paks NPP's Unit 3 are investigated. One of them has symmetrical pin power profile and another possesses inclined profile. (authors)

AER Benchmark Specification Sheet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aszodi, A.; Toth, S.

2009-01-01

In the WWER-440/213 type reactors, the core outlet temperature field is monitored with in-core thermocouples, which are installed above 210 fuel assemblies. These measured temperatures are used in determination of the fuel assembly powers and they have important role in the reactor power limitation. For these reasons, correct interpretation of the thermocouple signals is an important question. In order to interpret the signals in correct way, knowledge of the coolant mixing in the assembly heads is necessary. Computational fluid dynamics codes and experiments can help to understand better these mixing processes and they can provide information which can support the more adequate interpretation of the thermocouple signals. This benchmark deals with the 3D computational fluid dynamics modeling of the coolant mixing in the heads of the profiled fuel assemblies with 12.2 mm rod pitch. Two assemblies of the twenty third cycle of the Paks NPPs Unit 3 are investigated. One of them has symmetrical pin power profile and another possesses inclined profile. (Authors)

Development of a high-efficiency hydrogen generator for fuel cells for distributed power generation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duraiswamy, K.; Chellappa, Anand [Intelligent Energy, 2955 Redondo Ave., Long Beach, CA 90806 (United States); Smith, Gregory; Liu, Yi; Li, Mingheng [Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768 (United States)

2010-09-15

A collaborative effort between Intelligent Energy and Cal Poly Pomona has developed an adsorption enhanced reformer (AER) for hydrogen generation for use in conjunction with fuel cells in small sizes. The AER operates at a lower temperature (about 500 C) and has a higher hydrogen yield and purity than those in the conventional steam reforming. It employs ceria supported rhodium as the catalyst and potassium-promoted hydrotalcites to remove carbon dioxide from the products. A novel pulsing feed concept is developed for the AER operation to allow a deeper conversion of the feedstock to hydrogen. Continuous production of near fuel-cell grade hydrogen is demonstrated in the AER with four packed beds running alternately. In the best case of methane reforming, the overall conversion to hydrogen is 92% while the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide concentrations in the production stream are on the ppm level. The ratio of carbon dioxide in the regeneration exhaust to the one in the product stream is on the order of 10{sup 3}. (author)

Aggregate size and architecture determine biomass activity for one-stage partial nitritation and anammox

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vlaeminck, S.; Terada, Akihiko; Smets, Barth F.

2010-01-01

to the inoculation and operation of the reactors. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) was applied on aggregate sections to quantify AerAOB and AnAOB, as well as to visualize the aggregate architecture. The activity balance of the aggregates was calculated as the nitrite accumulation rate ratio (NARR), i...... and nitrite sources (NARR, > 1.7). Large A and C aggregates were granules capable of autonomous nitrogen removal (NARR, 0.6 to 1.1) with internal AnAOB zones surrounded by an AerAOB rim. Around 50% of the autotrophic space in these granules consisted of AerAOB- and AnAOB-specific EPS. Large B aggregates were...... thin film-like nitrite sinks (NARR,

Load-Unload Response Ratio and Accelerating Moment/Energy Release Critical Region Scaling and Earthquake Prediction

Science.gov (United States)

Yin, X. C.; Mora, P.; Peng, K.; Wang, Y. C.; Weatherley, D.

The main idea of the Load-Unload Response Ratio (LURR) is that when a system is stable, its response to loading corresponds to its response to unloading, whereas when the system is approaching an unstable state, the response to loading and unloading becomes quite different. High LURR values and observations of Accelerating Moment/Energy Release (AMR/AER) prior to large earthquakes have led different research groups to suggest intermediate-term earthquake prediction is possible and imply that the LURR and AMR/AER observations may have a similar physical origin. To study this possibility, we conducted a retrospective examination of several Australian and Chinese earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 7.9, including Australia's deadly Newcastle earthquake and the devastating Tangshan earthquake. Both LURR values and best-fit power-law time-to-failure functions were computed using data within a range of distances from the epicenter. Like the best-fit power-law fits in AMR/AER, the LURR value was optimal using data within a certain epicentral distance implying a critical region for LURR. Furthermore, LURR critical region size scales with mainshock magnitude and is similar to the AMR/AER critical region size. These results suggest a common physical origin for both the AMR/AER and LURR observations. Further research may provide clues that yield an understanding of this mechanism and help lead to a solid foundation for intermediate-term earthquake prediction.

Amusia and protolanguage impairments in schizophrenia.

Science.gov (United States)

Kantrowitz, J T; Scaramello, N; Jakubovitz, A; Lehrfeld, J M; Laukka, P; Elfenbein, H A; Silipo, G; Javitt, D C

2014-10-01

Both language and music are thought to have evolved from a musical protolanguage that communicated social information, including emotion. Individuals with perceptual music disorders (amusia) show deficits in auditory emotion recognition (AER). Although auditory perceptual deficits have been studied in schizophrenia, their relationship with musical/protolinguistic competence has not previously been assessed. Musical ability was assessed in 31 schizophrenia/schizo-affective patients and 44 healthy controls using the Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA). AER was assessed using a novel battery in which actors provided portrayals of five separate emotions. The Disorganization factor of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used as a proxy for language/thought disorder and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess cognition. Highly significant deficits were seen between patients and controls across auditory tasks (p amusia and intact music-perceiving groups, which remained significant after controlling for group status and education. Correlations with AER were specific to the melody domain, and correlations between protolanguage (melody domain) and language were independent of overall cognition. This is the first study to document a specific relationship between amusia, AER and thought disorder, suggesting a shared linguistic/protolinguistic impairment. Once amusia was considered, other cognitive factors were no longer significant predictors of AER, suggesting that musical ability in general and melodic discrimination ability in particular may be crucial targets for treatment development and cognitive remediation in schizophrenia.

Effect of short-term alkaline intervention on the performance of buffer-free single-chamber microbial fuel cell.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Na; Ren, Yueping; Li, Xiufen; Wang, Xinhua

2017-06-01

Anolyte acidification is a drawback restricting the electricity generation performance of the buffer-free microbial fuel cells (MFC). In this paper, a small amount of alkali-treated anion exchange resin (AER) was placed in front of the anode in the KCl mediated single-chamber MFC to slowly release hydroxyl ions (OH - ) and neutralize the H + ions that are generated by the anodic reaction in two running cycles. This short-term alkaline intervention to the KCl anolyte has promoted the proliferation of electroactive Geobacter sp. and enhanced the self-buffering capacity of the KCl-AER-MFC. The pH of the KCl anolyte in the KCl-AER-MFC increased and became more stable in each running cycle compared with that of the KCl-MFC after the short-term alkaline intervention. The maximum power density (P max ) of the KCl-AER-MFC increased from 307.5mW·m -2 to 542.8mW·m -2 , slightly lower than that of the PBS-MFC (640.7mW·m -2 ). The coulombic efficiency (CE) of the KCl-AER-MFC increased from 54.1% to 61.2% which is already very close to that of the PBS-MFC (61.9%). The results in this paper indicate that short-term alkaline intervention to the anolyte is an effective strategy to further promote the performance of buffer-free MFCs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A pilot study using scripted ventilation conditions to identify key factors affecting indoor pollutant concentration and air exchange rate in a residence.

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, Ted; Myers, Jeffrey; Kelly, Thomas; Wisbith, Anthony; Ollison, Will

2004-01-01

A pilot study was conducted using an occupied, single-family test house in Columbus, OH, to determine whether a script-based protocol could be used to obtain data useful in identifying the key factors affecting air-exchange rate (AER) and the relationship between indoor and outdoor concentrations of selected traffic-related air pollutants. The test script called for hourly changes to elements of the test house considered likely to influence air flow and AER, including the position (open or closed) of each window and door and the operation (on/off) of the furnace, air conditioner, and ceiling fans. The script was implemented over a 3-day period (January 30-February 1, 2002) during which technicians collected hourly-average data for AER, indoor, and outdoor air concentrations for six pollutants (benzene, formaldehyde (HCHO), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen oxides (NO(x))), and selected meteorological variables. Consistent with expectations, AER tended to increase with the number of open exterior windows and doors. The 39 AER values measured during the study when all exterior doors and windows were closed varied from 0.36 to 2.29 h(-1) with a geometric mean (GM) of 0.77 h(-1) and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.435. The 27 AER values measured when at least one exterior door or window was opened varied from 0.50 to 15.8 h(-1) with a GM of 1.98 h(-1) and a GSD of 1.902. AER was also affected by temperature and wind speed, most noticeably when exterior windows and doors were closed. Results of a series of stepwise linear regression analyses suggest that (1) outdoor pollutant concentration and (2) indoor pollutant concentration during the preceding hour were the "variables of choice" for predicting indoor pollutant concentration in the test house under the conditions of this study. Depending on the pollutant and ventilation conditions, one or more of the following variables produced a small, but

Identification of effluent organic matter fractions responsible for low-pressure membrane fouling

KAUST Repository

Filloux, Emmanuelle

2012-11-01

Anion exchange resin (AER), powder activated carbon (PAC) adsorption and ozonation treatments were applied on biologically treated wastewater effluent with the objective to modify the effluent organic matter (EfOM) matrix. Both AER and PAC led to significant total organic carbon (TOC) removal, while the TOC remained nearly constant after ozonation. Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD) analysis showed that the AER treatment preferentially removed high and intermediate molecular weight (MW) humic-like structures while PAC removed low MW compounds. Only a small reduction of the high MW colloids (i.e. biopolymers) was observed for AER and PAC treatments. Ozonation induced a large reduction of the biopolymers and an important increase of the low MW humic substances (i.e. building blocks).Single-cycle microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) tests were conducted using commercially available hollow fibres at a constant flux. After reconcentration to their original organic carbon content, the EfOM matrix modified by AER and PAC treatments exhibited higher UF membrane fouling compared to untreated effluent; result that correlated with the higher concentration of biopolymers. On the contrary, ozonation which induced a significant degradation of the biopolymers led to a minor flux reduction for both UF and MF filtration tests. Based on a single filtration, results indicate that biopolymers play a major role in low pressure membrane fouling and that intermediate and low MW compounds have minor impact. Thus, this approach has shown to be a valid methodology to identify the foulant fractions of EfOM. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Individual Differences in Automatic Emotion Regulation Interact with Primed Emotion Regulation during an Anger Provocation

OpenAIRE

Zhang, Jing; Lipp, Ottmar V.; Hu, Ping

2017-01-01

The current study investigated the interactive effects of individual differences in automatic emotion regulation (AER) and primed emotion regulation strategy on skin conductance level (SCL) and heart rate during provoked anger. The study was a 2 × 2 [AER tendency (expression vs. control) × priming (expression vs. control)] between subject design. Participants were assigned to two groups according to their performance on an emotion regulation-IAT (differentiating automatic emotion control tend...

Individual Differences in Automatic Emotion Regulation Interact with Primed Emotion Regulation during an Anger Provocation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ping Hu

2017-04-01

Full Text Available The current study investigated the interactive effects of individual differences in automatic emotion regulation (AER and primed emotion regulation strategy on skin conductance level (SCL and heart rate during provoked anger. The study was a 2 × 2 [AER tendency (expression vs. control × priming (expression vs. control] between subject design. Participants were assigned to two groups according to their performance on an emotion regulation-IAT (differentiating automatic emotion control tendency and automatic emotion expression tendency. Then participants of the two groups were randomly assigned to two emotion regulation priming conditions (emotion control priming or emotion expression priming. Anger was provoked by blaming participants for slow performance during a subsequent backward subtraction task. In anger provocation, SCL of individuals with automatic emotion control tendencies in the control priming condition was lower than of those with automatic emotion control tendencies in the expression priming condition. However, SCL of individuals with automatic emotion expression tendencies did no differ in the automatic emotion control priming or the automatic emotion expression priming condition. Heart rate during anger provocation was higher in individuals with automatic emotion expression tendencies than in individuals with automatic emotion control tendencies regardless of priming condition. This pattern indicates an interactive effect of individual differences in AER and emotion regulation priming on SCL, which is an index of emotional arousal. Heart rate was only sensitive to the individual differences in AER, and did not reflect this interaction. This finding has implications for clinical studies of the use of emotion regulation strategy training suggesting that different practices are optimal for individuals who differ in AER tendencies.

Role of thoracoscopy for the sagittal correction of hypokyphotic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferrero, E; Pesenti, S; Blondel, B; Jouve, J L; Mazda, K; Ilharreborde, B

2014-12-01

Thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curves (Lenke 1-4) are often characterized by hypokyphosis. Sagittal alignment remains challenging to correct, even with recent posterior segmental instrumentation. Some authors recommend anterior endoscopic release (AER) to reduce anterior column height, and facilitate thoracic kyphosis correction. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of AER to sagittal correction in hypokyphotic AIS. Fifty-six hypokyphotic (T4T12<20°) AIS patients were included. In group 1 (28 patients), patients first underwent AER, followed by posterior instrumentation and correction 5-7 days later. In group 2 (28 patients), patients underwent the same posterior procedure without AER. Posterior correction was performed in all cases using posteromedial translation and hybrid constructs consisting of lumbar pedicle screws and thoracic sublaminar bands. From radiological measurements performed using low-dose EOS radiographs, the correction of thoracic kyphosis was compared between the two groups. Groups 1 and 2 were comparable regarding demographic data and preoperative thoracic kyphosis (group 1: 11.7° ± 6.9° vs group 2: 12.1° ± 6.3°, p = 0.89). Postoperative thoracic kyphosis increase averaged 18.3° ± 13.6° in group 1 and 15.2° ± 9.0° in group 2. The benefit of anterior release was not statistically significant (p = 0.35). Although previous studies have suggested that thoracoscopic release improved correction compared to posterior surgery alone, the current study did not confirm this finding. Moreover, results of the current series showed that no significant benefit can be expected from AER in terms of sagittal plane improvement when the posteromedial translation technique is used, even in challenging hypokyphotic patients.

Novel Aeruginosin-865 from Nostoc sp. as a potent anti-inflammatory agent.

Science.gov (United States)

Kapuścik, Aleksandra; Hrouzek, Pavel; Kuzma, Marek; Bártová, Simona; Novák, Petr; Jokela, Jouni; Pflüger, Maren; Eger, Andreas; Hundsberger, Harald; Kopecký, Jiří

2013-11-25

Aeruginosin-865 (Aer-865), isolated from terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. Lukešová 30/93, is the first aeruginosin-type peptide containing both a fatty acid and a carbohydrate moiety, and is the first aeruginosin to be found in the genus Nostoc. Mass spectrometry, chemical and spectroscopic analysis as well as one- and two-dimensional NMR and chiral HPLC analysis of Marfey derivatives were applied to determine the peptidic sequence: D-Hpla, D-Leu, 5-OH-Choi, Agma, with hexanoic and mannopyranosyl uronic acid moieties linked to Choi. We used an AlphaLISA assay to measure the levels of proinflammatory mediators IL-8 and ICAM-1 in hTNF-α-stimulated HLMVECs. Aer-865 showed significant reduction of both: with EC50 values of (3.5±1.5) μg mL(-1) ((4.0±1.7) μM) and (50.0±13.4) μg mL(-1) ((57.8±15.5) μM), respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of Aer-865 was directly associated with inhibition of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Moreover, Aer-865 did not show any cytotoxic effect. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Improper positioning of the elevator lever of duodenoscopes may lead to sequestered bacteria that survive disinfection by automated endoscope reprocessors.

Science.gov (United States)

Alfa, Michelle J; Singh, Harminder; Duerksen, Donald R; Schultz, Gale; Reidy, Carol; DeGagne, Pat; Olson, Nancy

2018-01-01

Some outbreaks associated with contaminated duodenoscopes have been attributed to biofilm formation. The objective of this study was to determine whether bacteria within an organic matrix could survive if the elevator lever was improperly positioned in the automated endoscope reprocessor (AER) after 1 round of reprocessing. Duodenoscope lever cavities with an open or sealed elevator wire channel were inoculated with 6-7 Log 10 of both Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in ATS2015 (Healthmark Industries, Fraser, MI) and dried for 2 hours. The duodenoscopes with the lever in the horizontal position were processed through 2 makes of AERs. The cavity was sampled using a flush-brush-flush method to determine the quantity of surviving bacteria. E faecalis (range, 21-6 Log 10 CFU) and E coli (range, 0-3 Log 10 CFU) survived disinfection of sealed or unsealed elevator wire channel duodenoscopes in 2 different AERs with and without cleaning cycles. If bacteria in organic residue are under the improperly positioned lever, then just 1 round of use is sufficient for bacteria to survive both liquid chemical sterilization and liquid chemical HLD regardless of whether or not the AER had a cleaning cycle. Copyright © 2018 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Facilitating adverse drug event detection in pharmacovigilance databases using molecular structure similarity: application to rhabdomyolysis

Science.gov (United States)

Vilar, Santiago; Harpaz, Rave; Chase, Herbert S; Costanzi, Stefano; Rabadan, Raul

2011-01-01

Background Adverse drug events (ADE) cause considerable harm to patients, and consequently their detection is critical for patient safety. The US Food and Drug Administration maintains an adverse event reporting system (AERS) to facilitate the detection of ADE in drugs. Various data mining approaches have been developed that use AERS to detect signals identifying associations between drugs and ADE. The signals must then be monitored further by domain experts, which is a time-consuming task. Objective To develop a new methodology that combines existing data mining algorithms with chemical information by analysis of molecular fingerprints to enhance initial ADE signals generated from AERS, and to provide a decision support mechanism to facilitate the identification of novel adverse events. Results The method achieved a significant improvement in precision in identifying known ADE, and a more than twofold signal enhancement when applied to the ADE rhabdomyolysis. The simplicity of the method assists in highlighting the etiology of the ADE by identifying structurally similar drugs. A set of drugs with strong evidence from both AERS and molecular fingerprint-based modeling is constructed for further analysis. Conclusion The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology could be used as a pharmacovigilance decision support tool to facilitate ADE detection. PMID:21946238

The NS1 glycoprotein can generate dramatic antibody-enhanced dengue viral replication in normal out-bred mice resulting in lethal multi-organ disease.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrew K I Falconar

Full Text Available Antibody-enhanced replication (AER of dengue type-2 virus (DENV-2 strains and production of antibody-enhanced disease (AED was tested in out-bred mice. Polyclonal antibodies (PAbs generated against the nonstructural-1 (NS1 glycoprotein candidate vaccine of the New Guinea-C (NG-C or NSx strains reacted strongly and weakly with these antigens, respectively. These PAbs contained the IgG2a subclass, which cross-reacted with the virion-associated envelope (E glycoprotein of the DENV-2 NSx strain, suggesting that they could generate its AER via all mouse Fcγ-receptor classes. Indeed, when these mice were challenged with a low dose (<0.5 LD₅₀ of the DENV-2 NSx strain, but not the NG-C strain, they all generated dramatic and lethal DENV-2 AER/AED. These AER/AED mice developed life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, displayed by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD resulting from i dramatic interstitial alveolar septa-thickening with mononuclear cells, ii some hyperplasia of alveolar type-II pneumocytes, iii copious intra-alveolar protein secretion, iv some hyaline membrane-covered alveolar walls, and v DENV-2 antigen-positive alveolar macrophages. These mice also developed meningo-encephalitis, with greater than 90,000-fold DENV-2 AER titers in microglial cells located throughout their brain parenchyma, some of which formed nodules around dead neurons. Their spleens contained infiltrated megakaryocytes with DENV-2 antigen-positive red-pulp macrophages, while their livers displayed extensive necrosis, apoptosis and macro- and micro-steatosis, with DENV-2 antigen-positive Kuppfer cells and hepatocytes. Their infections were confirmed by DENV-2 isolations from their lungs, spleens and livers. These findings accord with those reported in fatal human "severe dengue" cases. This DENV-2 AER/AED was blocked by high concentrations of only the NG-C NS1 glycoprotein. These results imply a potential hazard of DENV NS1 glycoprotein-based vaccines

Pdlim7 is required for maintenance of the mesenchymal/epidermal Fgf signaling feedback loop during zebrafish pectoral fin development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Klosowiak Julian

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Vertebrate limb development involves a reciprocal feedback loop between limb mesenchyme and the overlying apical ectodermal ridge (AER. Several gene pathways participate in this feedback loop, including Fgf signaling. In the forelimb lateral plate mesenchyme, Tbx5 activates Fgf10 expression, which in turn initiates and maintains the mesenchyme/AER Fgf signaling loop. Recent findings have revealed that Tbx5 transcriptional activity is regulated by dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and interaction with Pdlim7, a PDZ-LIM protein family member, along actin filaments. This Tbx5 regulation is critical in heart formation, but the coexpression of both proteins in other developing tissues suggests a broader functional role. Results Knock-down of Pdlim7 function leads to decreased pectoral fin cell proliferation resulting in a severely stunted fin phenotype. While early gene induction and patterning in the presumptive fin field appear normal, the pectoral fin precursor cells display compaction and migration defects between 18 and 24 hours post-fertilization (hpf. During fin growth fgf24 is sequentially expressed in the mesenchyme and then in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER. However, in pdlim7 antisense morpholino-treated embryos this switch of expression is prevented and fgf24 remains ectopically active in the mesenchymal cells. Along with the lack of fgf24 in the AER, other critical factors including fgf8 are reduced, suggesting signaling problems to the underlying mesenchyme. As a consequence of perturbed AER function in the absence of Pdlim7, pathway components in the fin mesenchyme are misregulated or absent, indicating a breakdown of the Fgf signaling feedback loop, which is ultimately responsible for the loss of fin outgrowth. Conclusion This work provides the first evidence for the involvement of Pdlim7 in pectoral fin development. Proper fin outgrowth requires fgf24 downregulation in the fin mesenchyme with subsequent

Incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy in African Americans with NIDDM.

Science.gov (United States)

Dasmahapatra, A; Bale, A; Raghuwanshi, M P; Reddi, A; Byrne, W; Suarez, S; Nash, F; Varagiannis, E; Skurnick, J H

1994-04-01

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of incipient and overt nephropathy in African-American subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) attending a hospital clinic. Contributory factors, such as blood pressure (BP), duration and age at onset of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and body mass index (BMI) also were evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We recruited 116 African-American subjects with NIDDM for this cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study. BP, BMI, 24-h urine albumin excretion, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, lipids, and GHb levels were measured. Albumin excretion rate (AER) was calculated, and subjects were divided into three groups: no nephropathy (AER 200 micrograms/min). Frequency of hypertension and nephropathy was analyzed by chi 2 testing, group means were compared using analysis of variance, and linear correlations were performed between AER and other variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association of these variables while controlling for the effects of other variables. RESULTS--Increased AER was present in 50% of our subjects; 31% had incipient and 19% had overt nephropathy. Hypertension was present in 72.4%; nephropathy, particularly overt nephropathy, was significantly more prevalent in the hypertensive group. Mean BP and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) were higher in the groups with incipient and overt nephropathy, and systolic blood pressure (sBP) was increased in overt nephropathy. Men with either form of nephropathy had higher sBP, dBP, and mean BP, whereas only women with overt nephropathy had increased sBP and mean BP. Subjects with incipient or overt nephropathy had a longer duration of diabetes, and those with overt nephropathy had a younger age at onset of diabetes. By multiple regression analysis, AER correlated with younger age at diabetes onset, but not with diabetes duration. No correlation with age, lipid levels, or GHb was noted. BMI correlated with AER

Exercício aeróbico, treinamento de força muscular e testes de aptidão física para adolescentes com fibrose cística: revisão da literatura Exercise testing, aerobic and strength training for adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a literature review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celia Regina Moutinho de Miranda Chaves

2007-09-01

Full Text Available São reconhecidos os benefícios da prática do exercício físico regular para pacientes com fibrose cística. Entretanto, poucos estudos envolvem pacientes adolescentes. O objetivo deste artigo foi revisar os efeitos da prática regular de exercícios aeróbicos e de força e resistência muscular para adolescentes com fibrose cística. Os principais testes de aptidão física para esta faixa etária e a importância deles para melhora do prognóstico e tratamento da doença também foram avaliados. As informações foram coletadas a partir de livro-texto e artigos publicados na literatura nacional e estrangeira nas seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Biblioteca Cochrane e SciELO, abrangendo o período de 1994 a 2004. Foram utilizados os termos "exercise" e "cystic fibrosis" para seleção dos artigos. Esta pesquisa demonstrou que a prática de exercício aeróbico e treinamento de força muscular melhoram a desobstrução da árvore brônquica, diminuem a queda progressiva da função pulmonar, aumentam a massa muscular e a resistência ao exercício, promovem o desenvolvimento ósseo e melhoram a auto-estima e a qualidade de vida. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com os programas de treinamento assistido, devido a sua maior regularidade.The benefits of regular physical exercises for cystic fibrosis patients are well known. Nevertheless, few studies involve adolescent patients. The objective of this article was to review the effects of regular practice of aerobic exercises, strength exercises and muscular exercises in adolescents with cystic fibrosis. The main physical fitness tests for this age bracket and their value in improving prognosis and treatment were assessed as well. Information was collected from text books and articles published in the national and foreign literature in the following databases: LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library and SciELO, comprising the period of 1994 to 2004. The terms "exercise" and

New system applying image processor to automatically separate cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin for condensate demineralizer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adachi, Tsuneyasu; Nagao, Nobuaki; Yoshimori, Yasuhide; Inoue, Takashi; Yoda, Shuji

2014-01-01

In PWR plant, condensate demineralizer is equipped to remove corrosive ion in condensate water. Mixed bed packing cation exchange resin (CER) and anion exchange resin (AER) is generally applied, and these are regenerated after separation to each layer periodically. Since the AER particle is slightly lighter than the CER particle, the AER layer is brought up onto the CER layer by feeding water upward from the bottom of column (backwashing). The separation performance is affected by flow rate and temperature of water for backwashing, so normally operators set the proper condition parameters regarding separation manually every time for regeneration. The authors have developed the new separation system applying CCD camera and image processor. The system is comprised of CCD camera, LED lamp, image processor, controller, flow control valves and background color panel. Blue color of the panel, which is corresponding to the complementary color against both ivory color of AER and brown color of CER, is key to secure the system precision. At first the color image of the CER via the CCD camera is digitized and memorized by the image processor. The color of CER in the field of vision of the camera is scanned by the image processor, and the position where the maximum difference of digitized color index is indicated is judged as the interface. The detected interface is able to make the accordance with the set point by adjusting the flow rate of backwashing. By adopting the blue background panel, it is also possible to draw the AER out of the column since detecting the interface of the CER clearly. The system has provided the reduction of instability factor concerning separation of resin during regeneration process. The system has been adopted in two PWR plants in Japan, it has been demonstrating its stable and precise performance. (author)

Air exchange rates and migration of VOCs in basements and residences.

Science.gov (United States)

Du, L; Batterman, S; Godwin, C; Rowe, Z; Chin, J-Y

2015-12-01

Basements can influence indoor air quality by affecting air exchange rates (AERs) and by the presence of emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other pollutants. We characterized VOC levels, AERs, and interzonal flows between basements and occupied spaces in 74 residences in Detroit, Michigan. Flows were measured using a steady-state multitracer system, and 7-day VOC measurements were collected using passive samplers in both living areas and basements. A walk-through survey/inspection was conducted in each residence. AERs in residences and basements averaged 0.51 and 1.52/h, respectively, and had strong and opposite seasonal trends, for example, AERs were highest in residences during the summer, and highest in basements during the winter. Airflows from basements to occupied spaces also varied seasonally. VOC concentration distributions were right-skewed, for example, 90th percentile benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and limonene concentrations were 4.0, 19.1, 20.3, and 51.0 μg/m(3), respectively; maximum concentrations were 54, 888, 1117, and 134 μg/m(3). Identified VOC sources in basements included solvents, household cleaners, air fresheners, smoking, and gasoline-powered equipment. The number and type of potential VOC sources found in basements are significant and problematic, and may warrant advisories regarding the storage and use of potentially strong VOCs sources in basements. Few IAQ studies have examined basements. A sizable volume of air can flow between the basement and living area, and AERs in these two zones can differ considerably. In many residences, the basement contains significant emission sources and contributes a large fraction of VOC concentrations found in the living area. Exposures can be lowered by removing VOC sources from the basement; other exposure management options, such as local ventilation or isolation, are unlikely to be practical. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Aircraft and ground measurements of dust aerosols over the west African coast in summer 2015 during ICE-D and AER-D

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Dantong; Taylor, Jonathan W.; Crosier, Jonathan; Marsden, Nicholas; Bower, Keith N.; Lloyd, Gary; Ryder, Claire L.; Brooke, Jennifer K.; Cotton, Richard; Marenco, Franco; Blyth, Alan; Cui, Zhiqiang; Estelles, Victor; Gallagher, Martin; Coe, Hugh; Choularton, Tom W.

2018-03-01

During the summertime, dust from the Sahara can be efficiently transported westwards within the Saharan air layer (SAL). This can lead to high aerosol loadings being observed above a relatively clean marine boundary layer (MBL) in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. These dust layers can impart significant radiative effects through strong visible and IR light absorption and scattering, and can also have indirect impacts by altering cloud properties. The processing of the dust aerosol can result in changes in both direct and indirect radiative effects, leading to significant uncertainty in climate prediction in this region. During August 2015, measurements of aerosol and cloud properties were conducted off the coast of west Africa as part of the Ice in Cloud Experiment - Dust (ICE-D) and AERosol properties - Dust (AER-D) campaigns. Observations were obtained over a 4-week period using the UK Facility for Atmospheric Airborne Measurements (FAAM) BAe 146 aircraft based on Santiago Island, Cabo Verde. Ground-based observations were collected from Praia (14°57' N, 23°29' W; 100 m a.s.l.), also located on Santiago Island. The dust in the SAL was mostly sampled in situ at altitudes of 2-4 km, and the potential dust age was estimated by backward trajectory analysis. The particle mass concentration (at diameter d = 0.1-20 µm) decreased with transport time. Mean effective diameter (Deff) for supermicron SAL dust (d = 1-20 µm) was found to be 5-6 µm regardless of dust age, whereas submicron Deff (d = 0.1-1 µm) showed a decreasing trend with longer transport. For the first time, an airborne laser-induced incandescence instrument (the single particle soot photometer - SP2) was deployed to measure the hematite content of dust. For the Sahel-influenced dust in the SAL, the observed hematite mass fraction of dust (FHm) was found to be anti-correlated with the single scattering albedo (SSA, λ = 550 nm, for particles d influenced plumes (not influenced by the Sahel) were independent

Comparação entre métodos invasivos e não invasivo de determinação da capacidade aeróbia em futebolistas profissionais Comparación entre métodos invasivos y no invasivos de determinación de la capacidad aeróbica en futbolistas profesionales Comparison between invasive and non-invasive methods for the determination of the aerobic capacity of professional soccer players

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva

2005-08-01

Full Text Available O Limiar Anaeróbio (Lan pode ser determinado por protocolos que utilizam concentrações fixas de lactato sanguíneo como o OBLA (Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation e os que utilizam procedimentos mais individualizados, como o Lactato Mínimo (Lacmin. Independente do método, a mensuração da capacidade aeróbia através do Lan nesses casos exige a utilização de equipamentos sofisticados, além do elevado custo por atleta, o que torna sua aplicação limitada. Como alternativa, um dos testes não invasivos mais empregados no meio esportivo é o de 12 minutos proposto por Cooper. O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi comparar a intensidade de exercício obtida pelo teste de 12min com as intensidades correspondentes ao Lan obtido pelo protocolo adaptado ao de Tegtbur et al. (1993 (Lac minat e pelo OBLA em futebolistas profissionais. Para tanto participaram 16 atletas pertencentes a uma equipe profissional filiada à série A3 do futebol paulista. Cada atleta foi avaliado nos três protocolos, com intervalo mínimo de 48 e máximo de 72 horas. Os resultados mostraram diferença (p El umbral anaeróbico (Lan puede ser determinado por protocolos que utilizan concentraciones fijas de lactato sanguíneo como el OBLA (Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation y los que utilizan procedimientos mas individualizados como el Lactato Mínimo (Lacmin. Independiente del método, la medida de la capacidad aeróbica a traves del Lan en esos casos exige una utilización de equipamientos sofisticados, además del elevado costo por atleta lo que torna su aplicación limitada. Como alternativa, uno de los tests no invasivos mas empleados en el medio deportivo es el de 12 minutos propuesto por Cooper. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue el de comparar la intensidad de ejercicio obtenida por el test de 12 minutos con las intensidades obtenidas correspondientes al Lan obtenido por el protocolo adaptado al de Tegtbur et al. (1993 (Lac minat y por el OBLA en

Lack of impact of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid on kidney function in type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, H P; Gaede, P H; Jensen, B R

2000-01-01

to be elucidated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a randomized double-blind crossover trial in 17 type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (urinary AER 30-300 mg/24 h). Patients were given ASA (150 mg/daily) for 4 weeks followed by placebo for 4 weeks with at least a 2-week washout period in random...... order. At the end of each treatment period, AER (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA), blood pressure (BP) (Hawksley), and HbA1c (by high-performance liquid chromatography) were measured. Patients were advised to follow a normal diabetes...... diet without sodium restriction and received their usual antihypertensive treatment during the investigation. RESULTS: During the study (ASA vs. placebo), urinary AER (geometric mean 64 [95% CI 39-105] vs. 59 [40-87] mg/24 h), GFR (mean 106 [93-118] vs. 104 [90-117] ml x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2)), systolic...

Eugen Glueckauf, 9 April 1906 - 12 September 1981

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Everett, D.H.

1984-01-01

This is both a biography of the man, his family, early career and social life and of his work. From 1947 this was at AERE Harwell. Even after his retirement in 1971 he continued as a consultant until shortly before his death. The scope of his research at AERE was considerable. It is recounted under the following headings: general radiochemistry including plutonium production, general chemistry and the work of the fission product technology group including radioactive waste disposal, high temperature gas-cooled reactors and isotope migration through fissured rock. Glueckauf's reputation in the outside world rested largely on the open publication of scientific research arising mainly from his work at Harwell. Three areas in particular are mentioned: chromatography, solvent extraction and concentrated electrolyte theory and membrane science. There is a list of his published papers, a partial list of AERE internal reports which he wrote and a list of patents granted to him. (U.K.)

A nation-wide cross-sectional study of urinary albumin excretion rate, arterial blood pressure and blood glucose control in Danish children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mortensen, H B; Marinelli, K; Nørgaard, K

1990-01-01

Nation-wide screening for microalbuminuria in Denmark was performed in 22 paediatric departments treating children with Type 1 diabetes. Over a period of 6 months 1020 children (less than or equal to 12 years) and adolescents (greater than 12 to 19 years) were screened (81% of total). Of these, 957...... (94%) performed at least two timed overnight urine collections. In 209 non-diabetic subjects the upper 95% limit for normal albumin excretion rate (AER) was 20 micrograms min-1. Mean overnight AER was significantly (p less than 0.001) elevated in diabetic (3.0 x/divided by 2.3 (SD tolerance factor......) micrograms min-1) and in non-diabetic (2.5 x/divided by 2.2 micrograms min-1) adolescents compared with diabetic (1.7 x/divided by 2.1 micrograms min-1) and non-diabetic (1.3 x/divided by 2.2 micrograms min-1) children. In the diabetic patients AER was positively correlated with the body surface area and age...

Annual Energy Review 1997

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seiferlein, Katherine E. [USDOE Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC (United States)

1998-07-01

The Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the Energy Information Administration’s historical energy statistics. For many series, statistics are given for every year from 1949 through 1997. The statistics, expressed in either physical units or British thermal units, cover all major energy activities, including consumption, production, trade, stocks, and prices, for all major energy commodities, including fossil fuels, electricity, and renewable energy sources. Publication of this report is in keeping with responsibilities given to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) in Public Law 95–91 (Department of Energy Organization Act), which states, in part, in Section 205(a)(2) that: “The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....” The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies, energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding data series in the AER and in other EIA publications.

Annual Energy Review 2011

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fichman, Barbara T. [USDOE Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC (United States)

2012-09-01

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, data begin with the year 1949. Included are statistics on total energy production, consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, and renewable energy; financial and environment indicators; and data unit conversions. Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department of Energy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilities given to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states: “The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....” The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies, energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding the content of the AER and other EIA publications.

Influencia del ejercicio físico aeróbico durante el embarazo en los niveles de hemoglobina y de hierro maternos. (Influence of the physical aerobic exercise during pregnancy in the maternal haemoglobin and iron levels.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James Stirling

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen Son bien conocidos los efectos beneficiosos que el ejercicio físico tiene sobre la salud en general, aunque no se cuenta con la misma información cuando se desarrolla durante el embarazo. La mayor incertidumbre es saber si pueden coexistir ambos procesos, ejercicio y embarazo, sin conflictos materno-fetales y sin resultados del embarazo alterados. Especialmente cuando día a día, son más las mujeres que desean continuar ejercitándose de alguna forma, durante su embarazo. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la influencia del ejercicio físico aeróbico moderado desarrollado durante el segundo y tercer trimestres en los niveles de hemoglobina y de hierro maternos. Material y métodos: Se llevó acabo un estudio experimental que incluyó un total de 142 gestantes. Grupo casos: integrado por 72 mujeres. Grupo control: integrado por 70 mujeres. Los parámetros maternos estudiados fueron: niveles de hierro, nivel de hemoglobina previo al parto, edad gestacional, tipo de parto. Fetales: Peso de nacimiento, talla, perímetro craneal, test de Apgar (1´y 5´. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas a nivel estadístico entre ambos grupos (p menor que 0,05, el grupo de casos (ejercicio presento medias similares en los niveles de hemoglobina: 12.1 ± 0.8 y de hierro: 65.90 ± 7.1; que el grupo de control: hemoglobina: 12.3 ± 0.8 y hierro: 66.42 ± 8.4. El peso de nacimiento fue inferior en el grupo de casos dentro de valores normales (-142.1 grs.. Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico moderado desarrollado durante el segundo y tercer trimestre de embarazo parece no alterar los niveles de hierro y hemoglobina maternos. Abstract They are very well-known the beneficial effects that the physical exercise has about the health in general, although it is not had the same information when it refers to a pro- cess of remarkable importance: the pregnancy. The biggest uncertainty is to know if both processes, exercise and pregnancy can

Efeito do exercício aeróbio e resistido no perfil antropométrico e respostas cardiovasculares de idosos portadores de hipertensão - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v28i1.1093 Aerobic exercise and resistance effect on the anthropometric profile and cardiovascular responses in elderly people with high blood pressure - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v28i1.1093

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hassan Mohamed Elsangedy

2006-03-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos do exercício aeróbio e resistido no perfil antropométrico e respostas cardiovasculares de idosos portadores de hipertensão arterial (HA. A amostra foi composta de 53 voluntários de ambos os sexos, todos sedentários, com idade de 64,28±4,7 anos, cor branca, portadores de HA. Foram analisados os níveis de pressão arterial (PA, freqüência cardíaca (FC peso corporal (Kg, IMC e percentual de gordura corporal (%GC, antes, durante e após seis meses de exercícios. O protocolo de treinamento foi composto por uma sessão de exercícios, dividida em 20 minutos de atividade aeróbia e 40 minutos de exercícios resistidos dinâmicos, com freqüência semanal de três vezes e duração de seis meses. Como principais resultados apresentaram-se diferenças significativas em relação ao %GC, acompanhado de uma redução linear na pressão arterial média (PAM e FC, indicando uma melhora em importantes parâmetros morfofuncionaisThe present study aimed to analyze the aerobic and resistance exercise effects on the anthropometric profile and cardiovascular responses in elderly people with High Blood Pressure (HBP. The sample consisted of 53 volunteers of both genders who were all sedentary, at the age of 64.28±4.7 years old, fair skin, with HBP. The blood pressure levels, cardiac frequency (CF, body weight (Kg, BMI and body fat percentage (BF% were analyzed before, during and after the period of exercises. The training protocol consisted of exercise sessions divided into 20 minutes of aerobic activity and 40 minutes of dynamic resistance exercises, three times a week, during a period of six months. Results showed a significant difference in relation to the BF%, followed by a linear reduction in the Average Blood Pressure (ABP and CF, as well as an improvement in important morphofunctional parameters

RELACIÓN ENTRE ESTATUS PONDERAL, NIVEL DE CONDICIÓN FÍSICA Y COMPONENTES DE LA PRESIÓN ARTERIAL EN MUJERES DE ENTRE 18 Y 30AÑOS DE EDAD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ignacio Ortiz-Galeano

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: Hasta donde conocemos, la relación entre la obesidad, la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza muscular con la presión arterial (PA no se ha analizado conjuntamente. Nuestro objetivo fue estimar la relación entre el estatus ponderal y la condición física con los componentes de la PA en mujeres jóvenes. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 407 mujeres de 18-30 años. Se evaluó: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC, presión arterial sistólica (PAS, diastólica (PAD, media (PAM:PAD+[0,333x(PASPAD], y de pulso (PP: PAS-PAD y condición física (capacidad aeróbica y fuerza muscular. Resultados: La edad media de las participantes fue de 20,1± 4,4 años. La media de la PAS, PAD, PAM y de PP fue respectivamente: en las mujeres con normopeso 108,0±8,9, 67,7±6,7, 81,1±6,8 y 40,3±6,6 mmHg; en las mujeres con obesidad 123,1±8,9, 80,5±6,2, 94,7±6,5 y 42,5±6,2 mmHg; en las que tienen capacidad aeróbica baja 110,9±9,9, 70,5±7,6, 84,0±7,7 y 40,3±7,3 mmHg; y en las que tienen capacidad aeróbica alta 107,4±9,3, 67,0±7,0, 80,4±7,2 y 40,4±6,6 mmHg. La fuerza muscular no se asoció estadísticamente con ninguno de los componentes de PA (p>0,05. En modelos de regresión lineal múltiple la PAS se asoció con el IMC y el índice de fuerza muscular (p= ≤0,05; la PAD y la PAM con el IMC, el índice de fuerza muscular y la capacidad aeróbica (p= ≤0,05; y la PP con el IMC (p= <0,05. Conclusiones: En mujeres jóvenes el IMC y la fuerza muscular mantienen una relación directa con la PA, y la capacidad aeróbica una relación inversa, si bien esta última no se asocia con la PAS ni con la PP.

Trigeneration integrated with absorption enhanced reforming of lignite and biomass

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yaodong Wang; Ye Huang; Anthony P. Roskilly [Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne (United Kingdom). Sir Joseph Swan Institute for Energy Research

2009-10-15

A technical investigation of an innovative trigeneration integrated with absorption enhanced reforming (AER) of lignite and biomass is carried out using the ECLIPSE process simulator. The system includes an internal combustion engine, an AER gasifier, a waste heat recovery and storage unit and an absorption refrigerator. The whole system is operated in the following sequence: The AER gasifier is used to generate hydrogen using lignite and biomass; the hydrogen generated is used to run the engine which drives a generator to produce electricity. Additionally, the heat recovery unit collects waste heat from the engine and is used to supply hot water and space heating. Furthermore, the waste heat is used to operate the absorption refrigerator. The electricity, heat and cooling can be used to meet the energy requirements for the households in a village, a resident building or a commercial building, or a supermarket. Within the study, the effects of lignite mixed with three different types of biomass (straw, willow and switch grass) on the system performance are investigated and the results are compared. The results show that it is feasible to use an AER system to reform the low quality fuels lignite and biomass to generate a cleaner fuel - hydrogen to replace fossil fuels (diesel or natural gas) and to fuel an engine based trigeneration system; the system works with high efficiencies and with a potential of carbon capture from the sorbent-regeneration process that would benefit the environment. 25 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.

Energetic Profile of the Basketball Exercise Simulation Test in Junior Elite Players.

Science.gov (United States)

Latzel, Richard; Hoos, Olaf; Stier, Sebastian; Kaufmann, Sebastian; Fresz, Volker; Reim, Dominik; Beneke, Ralph

2017-11-28

To analyze the energetic profile of the basketball exercise simulation test (BEST). 10 male elite junior basketball players (age: 15.5±0.6yrs, height: 180±9cm, body mass: 66.1±11.2kg) performed a modified BEST (20 circuits consisting of jumping, sprinting, jogging, shuffling, and short breaks) simulating professional basketball game play. Circuit time, sprint time, sprint decrement, oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate concentration (BLC) were obtained. Metabolic energy and metabolic power above rest (W tot , P tot ) as well as energy share in terms of aerobic (W aer ), glycolytic (W blc ), and high energy phosphates (W PCr ) were calculated from VO2 during exercise, net lactate production, and the fast component of post-exercise VO2 kinetics, respectively. W aer , W blc , and W PCr reflect 89±2%, 5±1%, and 6±1% of total energy needed, respectively. Assuming an aerobic replenishment of PCr energy stores during short breaks, the adjusted energy share yielded W aer : 66±4%, W blc : 5±1%, and W PCr : 29±1%. W aer and W PCr were negatively correlated (-0.72, -0.59) with sprint time, which was not the case for W blc . Consistent with general findings on energy system interaction during repeated high intensity exercise bouts, the intermittent profile of the BEST relies primarily on aerobic energy combined with repetitive supplementation by anaerobic utilization of high energy phosphates.

Indoor transient SOA formation from ozone + α-pinene reactions: Impacts of air exchange and initial product concentrations, and comparison to limonene ozonolysis

Science.gov (United States)

Youssefi, Somayeh; Waring, Michael S.

2015-07-01

The ozonolysis of reactive organic gases (ROG), e.g. terpenes, generates secondary organic aerosol (SOA) indoors. The SOA formation strength of such reactions is parameterized by the aerosol mass fraction (AMF), a.k.a. SOA yield, which is the mass ratio of generated SOA to oxidized ROG. AMFs vary in magnitude both among and for individual ROGs. Here, we quantified dynamic SOA formation from the ozonolysis of α-pinene with 'transient AMFs,' which describe SOA formation due to pulse emission of a ROG in an indoor space with air exchange, as is common when consumer products are intermittently used in ventilated buildings. We performed 19 experiments at low, moderate, and high (0.30, 0.52, and 0.94 h-1, respectively) air exchange rates (AER) at varying concentrations of initial reactants. Transient AMFs as a function of peak SOA concentrations ranged from 0.071 to 0.25, and they tended to increase as the AER and product of the initial reactant concentrations increased. Compared to our similar research on limonene ozonolysis (Youssefi and Waring, 2014), for which formation strength was driven by secondary ozone reactions, the AER impact for α-pinene was opposite in direction and weaker, while the initial reactant product impact was in the same direction but stronger for α-pinene than for limonene. Linear fits of AMFs for α-pinene ozonolysis as a function of the AER and initial reactant concentrations are provided so that future indoor models can predict SOA formation strength.

Valoración de los beneficios psicológicos del ejercicio físico en personas mayores

OpenAIRE

de Gracia, Manuel; Marco, Maria; Garre, Josep

1999-01-01

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la evaluación de los efectos inmediatos del ejercicio físico sobre el bienestar psicológico en una muestra (n=95) de personas mayores (x=68 años) inicialmente sedentarias. Los sujetos participantes en el estudio fueron asignados aleatoriamente a cuatro grupos: 1) grupo de ejercicio aeróbico (n=30), 2) grupo de ejercicio no aeróbico (yoga) (n=27), 3) grupo control de actividades sociales (n=20) y 4) grupo control en lista de espera (n= 18). Se uti...

Contribuicao da atividade vagal em parametros eletrofisiologicos supraventriculares de atletas

OpenAIRE

Ricardo José Stein

1997-01-01

Fundamento: Atletas praticantes de atividades aeróbias apresentam maior freqüência de alterações na condução aírioventricular (AV). Pouco se conhece, porém, a respeito das modificações que ocorrem no sistema excitocondutor em indivíduos treinados aerobicamente com eletrocardiograma de repouso normal. Objetivo; Estudar a associação entre o automatismo sino-atrial e a condução AV com a atividade vagai em atletas praticantes de atividades aeróbias e em sedentários normais. Delineamento: Estudo t...

Comparison of overnight, morning and 24-hour urine collections in the assessment of diabetic microalbuminuria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Eshøj, O; Feldt-Rasmussen, B; Larsen, M L

1987-01-01

With the aim of comparing different urine collection periods in the assessment of micro-albuminuria, urinary albumin excretion rates (AERs) were measured in samples from 24 h, overnight, and morning urine collections in 54 patients aged 17 to 62 years with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus...... overnight and morning urine samples. These values were slightly improved by relating AER to the excretion of creatinine and it is concluded that overnight as well as morning urine collections can be used when diagnosing microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetics. Furthermore the results show...

Load-Unload Response Ratio (LURR), Accelerating Moment/Energy Release (AM/ER) and State Vector Saltation as Precursors to Failure of Rock Specimens

Science.gov (United States)

Yin, Xiang-Chu; Yu, Huai-Zhong; Kukshenko, Victor; Xu, Zhao-Yong; Wu, Zhishen; Li, Min; Peng, Keyin; Elizarov, Surgey; Li, Qi

2004-12-01

In order to verify some precursors such as LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) and AER (Accelerating Energy Release) before large earthquakes or macro-fracture in heterogeneous brittle media, four acoustic emission experiments involving large rock specimens under tri-axial stress, have been conducted. The specimens were loaded in two ways: monotonous or cycling. The experimental results confirm that LURR and AER are precursors of macro-fracture in brittle media. A new measure called the state vector has been proposed to describe the damage evolution of loaded rock specimens.

Annual Energy Review 2010

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None

2011-10-01

This twenty-ninth edition of the Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) most comprehensive look at integrated energy statistics. The summary statistics on the Nation’s energy production, consumption, trade, stocks, and prices cover all major energy commodities and all energy-consuming sectors of the U.S. economy from 1949 through 2010. The AER is EIA’s historical record of energy statistics and, because the coverage spans six decades, the statistics in this report are well-suited to long-term trend analysis.

Actividad física y su relación con la incidencia de demencia y mortalidad en la cohorte NEDICES

OpenAIRE

Llamas Velasco, Sara

2017-01-01

La falta de actividad física es considerada uno de los principales factores de riesgo de las enfermedades no transmisibles, contribuyendo sustancialmente a la carga mundial de morbilidad, mortalidad y discapacidad. En este contexto la OMS ha realizado una serie de recomendaciones, siendo en el caso de los adultos mayores de 65 años recomendable dedicar al menos 150 minutos por semana a realizar actividades físicas moderadas aeróbicas, o bien algún tipo de actividad física vigorosa aeróbica du...

Effect of energy renovation on indoor air quality in multifamily residential buildings in Slovakia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Földváry, Veronika; Bekö, Gabriel; Langer, Sarka

2017-01-01

efficiency of these buildings rarely consider their impact on the indoor air quality (IAQ). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of simple energy renovation on IAQ, air exchange rates (AER) and occupant satisfaction in Slovak residential buildings. Three pairs of identical naturally...... of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde and total and individual volatile organic compounds (VOC) were also measured. CO2 concentrations were significantly higher and AERs were lower in the renovated buildings. Formaldehyde concentrations increased after renovation and were positively correlated with CO2...

Taking care of the energy for tomorrow. Advice to the Minister of Economic Affairs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-01-01

The central question of the Dutch Minister of Economic Affairs to the General Energy Council (AER) is to determine the risks for Europe and the Netherlands with regard to the energy supply security in the long term and what national and European policy must be developed and implemented to reduce those risks, focusing on the different market parties and governments (national and European) and the relation between the supply security and the environment. In particular, the AER should address geopolitical aspects, fuel mix and capacity shortage in the production of electricity [nl

APTITUD FÍSICA CARDIORRESPIRATORIA Y RIESGO CARDIOMETABÓLICO EN PERSONAS ADULTAS JÓVENES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jeremías D Secchi

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: La evaluación del VO2max permite clasificar a los sujetos según el riesgo para la salud. Sin embargo los factores que pueden afectar a las clasificaciones han sido poco estudiados. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar si el tipo de ecuación predictiva del VO2max y los criterios de referencia del Fitnessgram® modifican la proporción de adultos jóvenes clasificados con un nivel de capacidad aeróbica indicativo de riesgo cardiometabólico. Métodos: El diseño del estudio fue observacional, relacional y de corte transversal. Participaron voluntariamente 240 adultos jóvenes. El VO2max fue estimado mediante el test de Course Navette aplicando 9 ecuaciones predictivas. Las diferencias en las clasificaciones fueron analizadas con la prueba Q de Cochran y la de MacNemar. Resultados: El nivel de capacidad aeróbica indicativo de riesgo cardiometabólico osciló entre 7,1% y 70,4% según el tipo de ecuación predictiva y el criterio de referencia utilizado (p<0,001. Independientemente del la ecuación predictiva del VO2max y el criterio de referencia aplicado;una mayor proporción de mujeres, del 29,4% al 85,3%, fueron clasificadas con un nivel no saludable de capacidad aeróbica frente al 4,8% a 51% en varones (p<0,001. En ambos sexos, los viejos criterios de referencia clasificaron a una menor proporción de hombres (del 4,8% al 48,1% y mujeres (del 39,4% al 68,4% con capacidad aeróbica no saludable, independientemente de la ecuación aplicada (p<0,001. Conclusiones: El tipo de ecuación predictiva del VO2max y los criterios de referencia del Fitnessgram® modifican las clasificaciones de adultos jóvenes con un nivel de capacidad aeróbica saludable o de riesgo cardiometabólico.

Efeitos do exercício aeróbico e anaeróbico em variáveis de risco cardíaco em adultos com sobrepeso Effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on cardiac risk variables in overweight adults

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mônica Medeiros Moreira

2008-10-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O exercício físico aeróbico é importante aliado no combate aos fatores de risco cardiovascular. No entanto, os efeitos de exercícios de alta intensidade sobre tais fatores ainda são pouco conhecidos. OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos de protocolos de exercícios aeróbico e anaeróbico sobre fatores associados ao risco cardíaco. MÉTODOS: Vinte e dois indivíduos com idade média de 40±8 anos foram alocados nos grupos: controle (CO, treinamento de endurance (ET e treinamento intermitente (IT. Os protocolos tiveram duração de 12 semanas, três vezes por semana; e intensidades de 10% abaixo e 20% acima do limiar anaeróbico (LAn. Foram medidas: massa corporal total (MCT, índice de massa corporal (IMC, circunferências de cintura (CINT e quadril (QUA e a composição corporal, além das concentrações plasmáticas de glicose (GLI, colesterol total (CHO e triglicérides (TG; ainda foram calculados a razão cintura-quadril (PCCQ e o índice de conicidade (Índice C. RESULTADOS: As variáveis de MCT, IMC, CINT, GLI e a composição corporal apresentaram alterações significativas nos grupos ET e IT. Os valores de CHO e QUA foram significativamente reduzidos no grupo ET, enquanto a PCCQ mostrou redução significativa no grupo IT. O LAn e o índice C, no grupo IT foram significativamente diferentes em relação a ET. CONCLUSÃO: Tendo em vista as diferenças encontradas nas respostas das variáveis estudadas, em razão do treinamento empregado, concluímos que um programa de exercício que contemple atividades de alta e baixa intensidades seja mais completo para garantir a redução de maior número de variáveis de risco cardíaco.BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise is an important ally in the fight against cardiovascular risk factors. However, the effects of high-intensity exercise on these factors are still poorly known. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise protocols on cardiac risk factors. METHODS: 22

Annual Energy Review 2006

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seiferlein, Katherine E. [USDOE Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC (United States)

2007-06-01

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, data begin with the year 1949. Included are data on total energy production, consumption, and trade; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, international energy, as well as financial and environment indicators; and data unit conversion tables. Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department of Energy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilities given to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states: “The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....” The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies, energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding data series in the AER and in other EIA publications.

Annual Energy Review 2004

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seiferlein, Katherine E. [USDOE Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC (United States)

2005-08-01

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, data begin with the year 1949. Included are data on total energy production, consumption, and trade; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, international energy, as well as financial and environment indicators; and data unit conversion tables. Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department of Energy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilities given to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states: “The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....” The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding data series in the AER and in other EIA publications.

Annual Energy Review 2005

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seiferlein, Katherine E. [USDOE Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC (United States)

2006-07-01

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, data begin with the year 1949. Included are data on total energy production, consumption, and trade; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, international energy, as well as financial and environment indicators; and data unit conversion tables. Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department of Energy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilities given to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states: “The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....” The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies, energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding data series in the AER and in other EIA publications.

Annual Energy Review 2000

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seiferlein, Katherine E. [USDOE Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC (United States)

2001-08-01

The Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the Energy Information Administration’s historical energy statistics. For many series, statistics are given for every year from 1949 through 2000. The statistics, expressed in either physical units or British thermal units, cover all major energy activities, including consumption, production, trade, stocks, and prices, for all major energy commodities, including fossil fuels, electricity, and renewable energy sources. Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department of Energy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilities given to the Energy Information Administration under Section 205(a)(2), which states: “The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....” The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies, energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding data series in the AER and in other EIA publications.

Annual Energy Review 2009

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fichman, Barbara T. [USDOE Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC (United States)

2010-08-01

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, data begin with the year 1949. Included are statistics on total energy production, consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international energy; financial and environment indicators; and data unit conversions. Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department of Energy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilities given to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states: “The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....” The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies, energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding the content of the AER and other EIA publications.

Contagem de bactérias mesófilas aeróbias e características físico-químicas do leite humano armazenado em embalagem de polietileno / Aerobic mesophilic bacteria count and physical and chemical characteristics of breast milk stored in polyethylene packages

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mayara de Simas Mesquita

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar a contaminação por bactérias mesófilas aeróbias em leite humano ordenhado pasteurizado (LHOP e a influência da embalagem de polietileno sobre as características físico-químicas do leite humano (LH cru e pasteurizado. Metodologia: Foram analisadas 55 amostras de leite humano ordenhado (LHO, oriundas do Banco de Leite Humano (BLH do Hospital Maternidade Herculano Pinheiro (HMHP e do Instituto Fernandes Figueira (IFF. Na determinação das condições higiênico-sanitárias do LHOP, foi realizada contagem de bactérias mesófilas aeróbias. A acidez Dornic, o valor energético, gordura, lactose e proteínas em LH cru e pasteurizado foram realizados antes e após o armazenamento de 15 dias nas embalagens. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e da influência da embalagem sobre os parâmetros, segundo ANOVA. Valores p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: A ocorrência de mesófilos no LHOP variou de 0 a 12%. O LH cru e pasteurizado apresentaram acidez < 8oDornic, indicando boas práticas de manejo e condições higiênico-sanitárias adequadas. Gordura, valor energético, lactose e proteínas do LH nas embalagens de polietileno e vidro variaram, respectivamente, 3,2–3,5%, 65–68 Kcal/dL, 6,0% e 0,9–1,3%. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas características físico-químicas do LH entre as embalagens. Conclusão: A embalagem de polietileno pode ser uma alternativa viável para uso em BLH. ======================================================= Objective: To determine the aerobic mesophilic bacteria count in pasteurized human milk and to evaluate the influence of polyethylene bags on the physicochemical characteristics of raw and pasteurized human milk. Methods: 55 samples of human milk coming from the Human Milk Bank of Herculano Pinheiro Hospital and Fernandes Figueira Institute were analyzed. An aerobic mesophilic bacteria count was performed when determining the sanitary hygienic

Treinamento aeróbio de natação aumenta a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e o conteúdo de glicogênio no musculoesquelético de ratos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Carlos Vieira Junior

2013-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: São escassos os estudos os quais verificaram os efeitos do exercício físico sobre os biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo e sua relação com o glicogênio muscular. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo verificou o efeito do treinamento aeróbio de natação (TAN sobre os biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo, conteúdo de glicogênio e crescimento celular no músculo esquelético de ratos. MÉTODOS: Dezoito ratos Wistar macho (60 dias foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Sedentário (SG; n = 10: ratos sedentários; e Grupo Treinado (TG; n = 8: ratos submetidos ao TAN (5,0 % do peso corporal, 1h/dia, 5X/semana, durante oito semanas. A atividade das enzimas antioxidantes (AEA superóxido dismutase (SOD; U/ml, catalase (CAT; µmol/min/100 mg e glutationa peroxidase (GPx; nmol/min/100 mg, bem como a concentração das substâncias que reagem ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARs; nmolMDA/mg proteína foram determinadas no músculo gastrocnêmio direito. Os conteúdos de glicogênio (mg/100 mg, proteína (g/100 g e DNA (g/100 g foram mensurados no músculo gastrocnêmio esquerdo. RESULTADOS: A AEA foi maior no TG (CAT: 0,87 ± 0,04; SOD: 6,49 ± 0,045; GPX: 6,49 ± 0,52 quando comparados com SG (CAT: 0,52 ± 0,03; SOD: 4,1 ± 0,37; GPx: 2,94 ± 0,56. Os níveis de TBARs foram menores em TG (TG: 2,35 ± 0,41; SG: 8,90 ± 0,47. O conteúdo de glicogênio muscular (SG: 0,108 ± 0,013; TG: 0,320 ± 0,012 e a razão proteína/DNA (SG: 24,94 ± 3,25; TG: 41,68 ± 4,02 foram maiores no TG. CONCLUSÃO: Em conjunto, estes dados confirmam que o TAN melhorou a defesa antioxidante, a qual pode estar associada ao aumento do conteúdo de glicogênio no músculo esquelético dos animais.

The diagnosis value of endothelin, calcitonin gene-related peptide and the ratio in diabetic nephropathy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Lusheng; Zhao Xin; Chi Liuying; Yang Xixiu; Mao Hongyu

2007-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the diagnosis value of Endothelin (ET), Calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) and theratio in diabetic nephropathy(DN). Methods: To choose 54 healthy as the control group and 124 patients with diabetes or DN as test group. According to urinary albumin excretion rate (uAER), the test group was divided into three groups, which were diabetes group of normalalbuminmia (group A), early DN (group B) and clinical DN and renal failure group( group C ). Plasma concentration of ET and CGRP were measured with radioimmunossay for those in the Control group and patients with diabetes or DN. Results: The level of ET was significantly higher in diabetic nephropathy than that in the control group (P<0.01), and there was positive correlation between ET and uAER(r=0.591, P<0.01). The plasma level of CGRP was significantly lower in diabetic nephropathy than that in the control group (P<0.01), and there was negative correlation between CGRP and uAER(r-0.389, P<0.05). The level of ET, CGRP and ET/CGRP ratio have evidently changed with the uAER rised. Conclusion: (1)The level of ET, CGRP and type 2 diabetic nephropathy are closely related, and which probably plays a role in the development of DN. (2)ET/CGRP ratio, as a new way for diagnosis, can even more reflecte the seriousness of DN. (3)This experiment provide us a new way for the prevention and treatment of DN with extrinsic CGRP. (authors)

Neuron array with plastic synapses and programmable dendrites.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramakrishnan, Shubha; Wunderlich, Richard; Hasler, Jennifer; George, Suma

2013-10-01

We describe a novel neuromorphic chip architecture that models neurons for efficient computation. Traditional architectures of neuron array chips consist of large scale systems that are interfaced with AER for implementing intra- or inter-chip connectivity. We present a chip that uses AER for inter-chip communication but uses fast, reconfigurable FPGA-style routing with local memory for intra-chip connectivity. We model neurons with biologically realistic channel models, synapses and dendrites. This chip is suitable for small-scale network simulations and can also be used for sequence detection, utilizing directional selectivity properties of dendrites, ultimately for use in word recognition.

Efeitos do treinamento físico sobre a resistência mecânica do terço proximal do fêmur de ratos

OpenAIRE

Aguiar,Andreo Fernando; Agati,Leandro Barile; Müller,Sérgio Swain; Pereira,Oduvaldo Camara; Dal-Pai-Silva,Maeli

2010-01-01

OBJETIVO: Analisar o comportamento mecânico do terço proximal do fêmur de ratos submetidos ao treinamento aeróbio e resistido crônicos. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos (80 dias, 300 a 350 g) foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=8 por grupo): Treinamento aeróbio/8 semanas (TA), Treinamento resistido/8 semanas (TR) e controle/8 semanas (CO). Ao término do período de treinamento os animais foram sacrificados e o fêmur direito coletado. Para análise do comportamento mecânico do fêmur foram realizados ensa...

Capacidade aerobia de futebolistas profissionais de altitude durante o periodo competitivo da cidade de Arequipa-Peru

OpenAIRE

Alejandro Inostroza Aeloiza

2004-01-01

Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi de descrever e analisar a capacidade aeróbia de futebolistas profissionais de altitude durante o período competitivo, onde a seleção da amostra foi de tipo não-probabilístico 27 jogadores, para tal efeito, foram mensuradas as variáveis de massa corporal, estatura, quatro dobras cutâneas (triciptal, subescapular, supra- Ilíaca, e panturrilha), e para a capacidade aeróbia progressiva foi utilizado o teste físico de (corrida de ida e volta de 20m) de Nav...

Preventing diabetic nephropathy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, H P; Lund, S S; Rossing, P

2001-01-01

In type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria not receiving antihypertensive treatment, an increase in urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) of 6% to 14%/year and a risk for the development of diabetic nephropathy of 3% to 30%/year have previously been reported. The aim of the present study...... was to audit the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on the progression of microalbuminuria and development of diabetic nephropathy. We consecutively identified 227 type 1 diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria (urinary AER between 30 and 300mg/24h, ELISA). According...... been reported in intervention trials....

El ejercicio físico aeróbico incrementa la vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio y el consumo de oxígeno de mujeres primigestantes saludables. Ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado. NCT00741312 Aerobic physical exercise increases endothelium-dependent vasodilation and oxygen consumption in healthy primigravida. Controlled randomized clinical trial. NCT00741312

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Róbinson Ramírez-Vélez

2010-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: evaluar el efecto del ejercicio aeróbico en la función dependiente del endotelio (VDE y en el consumo de oxígeno en mujeres primigestantes. MÉTODOS: ensayo clínico controlado, enmascarado y aleatorizado, llevado a cabo en 67 mujeres saludables, primigestantes, entre 16 a 20 semanas de gestación. Grupo de intervención: ejercicio aeróbico entre 50% y 65% de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima, durante 45 minutos, tres veces por semana, durante dieciséis semanas. Grupo control: actividad física habitual. Mediciones: VDE: vasodilatación mediada por flujo (VMF, consumo de oxígeno VO2max: prueba de caminata de seis minutos; antropometría: peso y talla. RESULTADOS: en las mediciones iniciales no se encontraron diferencias entre grupos en ninguna de las variables. Al finalizar la intervención, las participantes que realizaron ejercicio tenían mayor capacidad física, medida por la distancia recorrida en el test de caminata (p=0,043 y por el VO2max (p=0,023. Además, el grupo de ejercicio tuvo menor frecuencia cardiaca en reposo y mayor VMF que el grupo control (pOBJECTIVE: evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on endothelium-dependent function (EDF and oxygen consumption in primigravida. METHODS: double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial carried out in primigravida between 16 to 20 weeks of gestation. The intervention group had aerobic exercise between 50% to 65% of the maximum heart rate during 45 minutes, three times a week for sixteen weeks. The control group had habitual physical activity. MEASUREMENTS REALIZED: EDF: flow-mediated dilation (FMD, oxygen consumption VO2max: 6 minute walking test, anthropometry: weight and size. RESULTS: no differences were found between the two groups in any variables in the initial measurements. At the end of the intervention, participants who exercised had greater physical capacity, measured by the distance covered in walking test (p = 0.043 and VO2max (p = 0.023. In addition, the

Mixed Martial Arts: rotinas de condicionamento e avaliação da aptidão física de lutadores de Pelotas/RS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabrício Boscolo del Vecchio

2013-09-01

Full Text Available O Mixed Martial Arts (MMA carece de informações acerca do sistema de treinos e da aptidão física de seus lutadores, os quais necessitam de elevado condicionamento aeróbio e neuromuscular. Assim, objetivou-se registrar as rotinas de treinamento e mensurar a aptidão física de lutadores de MMA de nível regional. Oito competidores da cidade de Pelotas/RS constituíram a amostra. Realizaram-se: i entrevista semi-estruturada, contendo dez perguntas abertas, ii avaliação neuromuscular, com testes de carga máxima (1RM no supino reto e levantamento terra, e iii avaliação do componente aeróbio, a partir da determinação da velocidade no VO2máx (vVO2máx, cálculo da potência aeróbia máxima (VO2máx e quantificação do tempo limite (TLim. Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos lutadores de Pelotas realiza apenas dois treinos semanais específicos, não utiliza o treinamento de pesos e emprega corridas nas suas sessões de treino. Acerca da aptidão física, os atletas têm IMC de 26,19±26,19 kg/m², 9,47±4,06% de gordura corporal, 1RM de 76,25±10,61 kg no supino reto e de 115±10,69 kg no levantamento terra, VO2máx de 52,5±4,95mL·kg-1·min-1, vVO2máx de 15±1,41 km·h-1 e TLim de 360,75±55 segundos. Conclui-se que a frequência de treinos aeróbios e de força destes lutadores é insuficiente para o MMA, o percentual de gordura corporal deles é baixo e, apesar da aptidão aeróbia moderada, os níveis de força absoluta e relativa destes lutadores são inferiores aos apresentados pela literatura.

Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Higher Control of the Oculomotor System in Parkinson's Disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Antoniades, Chrystalina A; Rebelo, Pedro; Kennard, Christopher; Aziz, Tipu Z; Green, Alexander L; FitzGerald, James J

2015-09-23

The frontal cortex and basal ganglia form a set of parallel but mostly segregated circuits called cortico-basal ganglia loops. The oculomotor loop controls eye movements and can direct relatively simple movements, such as reflexive prosaccades, without external help but needs input from "higher" loops for more complex behaviors. The antisaccade task requires the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is part of the prefrontal loop. Information flows from prefrontal to oculomotor circuits in the striatum, and directional errors in this task can be considered a measure of failure of prefrontal control over the oculomotor loop. The antisaccadic error rate (AER) is increased in Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has no effect on the AER, but a previous case suggested that DBS of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) might. Our aim was to compare the effects of STN DBS and GPi DBS on the AER. We tested eye movements in 14 human DBS patients and 10 controls. GPi DBS substantially reduced the AER, restoring lost higher control over oculomotor function. Interloop information flow involves striatal neurons that receive cortical input and project to pallidum. They are normally silent when quiescent, but in PD they fire randomly, creating noise that may account for the degradation in interloop control. The reduced AER with GPi DBS could be explained by retrograde stimulation of striatopallidal axons with consequent activation of inhibitory collaterals and reduction in background striatal firing rates. This study may help explain aspects of PD pathophysiology and the mechanism of action of GPi DBS. Significance statement: Parkinson's disease causes symptoms including stiffness, slowness of movement, and tremor. Electrical stimulation of specific areas deep in the brain can effectively treat these symptoms, but exactly how is not fully understood. Part of the cause of such symptoms may be impairments in the way information flows

The effect of obesity and type 1 diabetes on renal function in children and adolescents.

Science.gov (United States)

Franchini, Simone; Savino, Alessandra; Marcovecchio, M Loredana; Tumini, Stefano; Chiarelli, Francesco; Mohn, Angelika

2015-09-01

Early signs of renal complications can be common in youths with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Recently, there has been an increasing interest in potential renal complications associated with obesity, paralleling the epidemics of this condition, although there are limited data in children. Obese children and adolescents present signs of early alterations in renal function similar to non-obese peers with T1D. Eighty-three obese (age: 11.6 ± 3.0 yr), 164 non-obese T1D (age: 12.4 ± 3.2 yr), and 71 non-obese control (age: 12.3 ± 3.2 yr) children and adolescents were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured. Renal function was assessed by albumin excretion rate (AER), serum cystatin C, creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR), calculated using the Bouvet's formula. Obese and non-obese T1D youths had similar AER [8.9(5.9-10.8) vs. 8.7(5.9-13.1) µg/min] and e-GFR levels (114.8 ± 19.6 vs. 113.4 ± 19.1 mL/min), which were higher than in controls [AER: 8.1(5.9-8.7) µg/min, e-GFR: 104.7 ± 18.9 mL/min]. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and hyperfiltration was similar between obese and T1D youths and higher than their control peers (6.0 vs. 8.0 vs. 0%, p = 0.02; 15.9 vs. 15.9 vs. 4.3%, p = 0.03, respectively). Body mass index (BMI) z-score was independently related to e-GFR (r = 0.328; p 1), and AER (r = 0.138; p = 0.017). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) correlated with AER (r = 0.148; p = 0.007) but not with eGFR (r = 0.041; p = 0.310). Obese children and adolescents show early alterations in renal function, compared to normal weight peers, and they have similar renal profiles than age-matched peers with T1D. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A digital pixel cell for address event representation image convolution processing

Science.gov (United States)

Camunas-Mesa, Luis; Acosta-Jimenez, Antonio; Serrano-Gotarredona, Teresa; Linares-Barranco, Bernabe

2005-06-01

Address Event Representation (AER) is an emergent neuromorphic interchip communication protocol that allows for real-time virtual massive connectivity between huge number of neurons located on different chips. By exploiting high speed digital communication circuits (with nano-seconds timings), synaptic neural connections can be time multiplexed, while neural activity signals (with mili-seconds timings) are sampled at low frequencies. Also, neurons generate events according to their information levels. Neurons with more information (activity, derivative of activities, contrast, motion, edges,...) generate more events per unit time, and access the interchip communication channel more frequently, while neurons with low activity consume less communication bandwidth. AER technology has been used and reported for the implementation of various type of image sensors or retinae: luminance with local agc, contrast retinae, motion retinae,... Also, there has been a proposal for realizing programmable kernel image convolution chips. Such convolution chips would contain an array of pixels that perform weighted addition of events. Once a pixel has added sufficient event contributions to reach a fixed threshold, the pixel fires an event, which is then routed out of the chip for further processing. Such convolution chips have been proposed to be implemented using pulsed current mode mixed analog and digital circuit techniques. In this paper we present a fully digital pixel implementation to perform the weighted additions and fire the events. This way, for a given technology, there is a fully digital implementation reference against which compare the mixed signal implementations. We have designed, implemented and tested a fully digital AER convolution pixel. This pixel will be used to implement a full AER convolution chip for programmable kernel image convolution processing.

Statin-associated muscular and renal adverse events: data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Toshiyuki Sakaeda

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Adverse event reports (AERs submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA were reviewed to assess the muscular and renal adverse events induced by the administration of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins and to attempt to determine the rank-order of the association. METHODS: After a revision of arbitrary drug names and the deletion of duplicated submissions, AERs involving pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, or rosuvastatin were analyzed. Authorized pharmacovigilance tools were used for quantitative detection of signals, i.e., drug-associated adverse events, including the proportional reporting ratio, the reporting odds ratio, the information component given by a Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and the empirical Bayes geometric mean. Myalgia, rhabdomyolysis and an increase in creatine phosphokinase level were focused on as the muscular adverse events, and acute renal failure, non-acute renal failure, and an increase in blood creatinine level as the renal adverse events. RESULTS: Based on 1,644,220 AERs from 2004 to 2009, signals were detected for 4 statins with respect to myalgia, rhabdomyolysis, and an increase in creatine phosphokinase level, but these signals were stronger for rosuvastatin than pravastatin and atorvastatin. Signals were also detected for acute renal failure, though in the case of atorvastatin, the association was marginal, and furthermore, a signal was not detected for non-acute renal failure or for an increase in blood creatinine level. CONCLUSIONS: Data mining of the FDA's adverse event reporting system, AERS, is useful for examining statin-associated muscular and renal adverse events. The data strongly suggest the necessity of well-organized clinical studies with respect to statin-associated adverse events.

Pós-tratamento de efluente nitrificado da parboilização de arroz utilizando desnitrificação em reator UASB Post-treatment a nitrified parboilized rice wastewater using denitrification in UASB reactor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Loraine Andre Isoldi

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Um sistema combinado reator UASB-reator aeróbio foi utilizado para a remoção de nitrogênio total e DQO de efluente de parboilização de arroz. O experimento foi realizado em reatores de bancada, com volumes de 4 L (UASB e 3,6 L (reator aeróbio. Os parâmetros de operação pH, temperatura, alcalinidade e concentração de ácidos voláteis foram monitorados durante o período experimental. Para o reator aeróbio de mistura completa, foi determinada, também, a concentração de oxigênio dissolvido. O sistema combinado reator UASB-reator aeróbio apresentou uma eficiência de remoção de carbono de 84% e uma eficiência de remoção de nitrogênio total Kjeldahl de 83%. O sistema proposto, nas condições experimentais, demonstrou ser adequado para remoção, simultânea, de DQO e de compostos oxidados de nitrogênio, em reator UASB.An UASB-aerobic reactor system was used for the removal of total nitrogen and COD of effluent from industries of parboilized rice. The experiment was performed in reactors with volumes of 4 L (UASB reactor and 3,6 L (aerobic reactor, respectevely. Temperature, pH, alkalinity and volatile acids concentration were monitored during the experiment. Dissolved oxygen concentration was determined for the aerobic reactor. The UASB-aerobic reactor system showed 84% carbon removal efficiency and 83% total Kjeldahl nitrogen removal efficiency. This system was able to remove, efficiently, COD and nitrogen in an UASB reactor.

Spatiotemporal distribution of proliferation, proapoptotic and antiapoptotic factors in the early human limb development.

Science.gov (United States)

Bečić, Tina; Bilan, Kanito; Mardešić, Snježana; Vukojević, Katarina; Saraga-Babić, Mirna

2016-06-01

Involvement of proliferation and apoptosis in the human limb development was analyzed electronmicroscopically and immunohistochemically in histological sections of 8 human embryos, 4(th) -10(th) week old, using apoptotic (caspase-3, AIF, BAX), anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and proliferation (Ki-67) markers, and TUNEL method. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post hoc test. Initially, developing human limbs consisted of mesenchymal core and surface ectoderm with apical ectodermal ridge (AER). During progression of development, strong proliferation activity gradually decreased in the mesenchyme (from 78% to 68%) and in the epithelium (from 62% to 42%), while in the differentiating finger cartilages proliferation was constantly low (26-7%). Apoptotic caspase-3 and AIF-positive cells characterized mesenchyme and AER at earliest stages, while during digit separation they appeared in interdigital mesenchyme as well. Strong Bcl-2 expression was observed in AER, subridge mesenchyme and phalanges, while BAX expression charaterized limb areas undergoing apoptosis. Ultrastructurally, proliferating cells showed mitotic figures, while apoptotic cells were characterized by nuclear fragmentation. Macrophages were observed around the apoptotic cells. We suggest that intense proliferation enables growth and elongation of human limb primordia, and differential growth of digits. Both caspase-3 and AIF-dependant pathways of cell death control the extent of AER and numer of cells in the subridge mesenchyme at earliest developmental stages, as well as process of digit separation at later stages of limb development. Spatio-temporal co-expresson of Bcl-2 and BAX indicates their role in suppression of apoptosis and selective stimulation of growth during human limb morphogenesis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Parámetros funcionales y su relación con la velocidad de marcha en adultos mayores chilenos residentes en la comunidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christopher Rybertt

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La velocidad de marcha es una prueba para medir la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores. Sin embargo, los factores que influyen en esta variable han sido poco descritos en la población sudamericana. Objetivo. Determinar la relación existente entre la velocidad de marcha usual y máxima, y los parámetros de funcionalidad en chilenos adultos mayores de la comunidad. Material y métodos. Este estudio cuantitativo, observacional y descriptivo, de corte transversal, incluyó 69 adultos mayores. La velocidad de marcha normal y la máxima se asociaron con la composición corporal (índice de masa corporal, la fuerza de las extremidades superiores (pruebas de flexiones de brazos e inferiores (pararse y sentarse en 30 segundos, la funcionalidad general (índice de Barthel, la flexibilidad de los tobillos (rango de movimiento, el equilibrio estático y dinámico (timed Up & Go test y la capacidad aeróbica (test de marcha en dos minutos. Resultados. La flexibilidad de los tobillos, la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores y la capacidad aeróbica, influyeron sobre la velocidad de marcha máxima (R2=0,65; p<0,001. La marcha normal se vio influida por la fuerza de las extremidades superiores e inferiores, y la capacidad aeróbica (R2=0,51; p<0,001. Conclusión. La velocidad de marcha, tanto normal como máxima, está influenciada principalmente por la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores y la capacidad aeróbica.

Atomic energy review

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1971-01-01

The ATOMIC ENERGY REVIEW (AER), a periodical started in 1963 in accordance with the recommendation made by the Scientific Advisory Committee, is now preparing for its tenth year of publication. The journal appears quarterly (ca 900 pages/year) and occasionally has special issues and supplements. From 1963 to 1971 AER developed into an important international high-standard scientific journal which keeps scientists in Member States informed on progress in various fields of nuclear energy. The Agency's specific role of helping 'developing countries to further their science and education' is reflected in the publication policy of the journal. The subject scope of AER, which was determined at the journal's inception, is very broad. It covers topics in experimental and theoretical physics, nuclear electronics and equipment, physics and technology of reactors and reactor materials and fuels, radio-chemistry, and industrial, medical and other uses of radioisotopes. In other words, almost any subject related to the peaceful application of nuclear energy can qualify for inclusion. Specifically, at any particular time the selection criteria for topics are influenced by the Agency's current programme and interests. AER carries comprehensive review articles, critical state-of-the-art and current awareness surveys, and reports on the important meetings organized or sponsored by the Agency. The following four subsections gradually became necessary to do justice to this variety of material: 'Reviews' proper, 'Current Research and Development', 'Special Item' and 'Conferences and Symposia'. Apart from the conference reports, one hundred and twenty-five reviews, almost all of which were published in English to make them accessible to a wide public, have so far been published

Statin-associated muscular and renal adverse events: data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Science.gov (United States)

Sakaeda, Toshiyuki; Kadoyama, Kaori; Okuno, Yasushi

2011-01-01

Adverse event reports (AERs) submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were reviewed to assess the muscular and renal adverse events induced by the administration of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) and to attempt to determine the rank-order of the association. After a revision of arbitrary drug names and the deletion of duplicated submissions, AERs involving pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, or rosuvastatin were analyzed. Authorized pharmacovigilance tools were used for quantitative detection of signals, i.e., drug-associated adverse events, including the proportional reporting ratio, the reporting odds ratio, the information component given by a Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and the empirical Bayes geometric mean. Myalgia, rhabdomyolysis and an increase in creatine phosphokinase level were focused on as the muscular adverse events, and acute renal failure, non-acute renal failure, and an increase in blood creatinine level as the renal adverse events. Based on 1,644,220 AERs from 2004 to 2009, signals were detected for 4 statins with respect to myalgia, rhabdomyolysis, and an increase in creatine phosphokinase level, but these signals were stronger for rosuvastatin than pravastatin and atorvastatin. Signals were also detected for acute renal failure, though in the case of atorvastatin, the association was marginal, and furthermore, a signal was not detected for non-acute renal failure or for an increase in blood creatinine level. Data mining of the FDA's adverse event reporting system, AERS, is useful for examining statin-associated muscular and renal adverse events. The data strongly suggest the necessity of well-organized clinical studies with respect to statin-associated adverse events.

Impact of ozonation, anion exchange resin and UV/H2O2 pre-treatments to control fouling of ultrafiltration membrane for drinking water treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Pramanik, Biplob Kumar; Pramanik, Sagor Kumar; Sarker, Dipok Chandra; Suja, Fatihah

2017-06-01

The effects of ozonation, anion exchange resin (AER) and UV/H 2 O 2 were investigated as a pre-treatment to control organic fouling (OF) of ultrafiltration membrane in the treatment of drinking water. It was found that high molecular weight (MW) organics such as protein and polysaccharide substances were majorly responsible for reversible fouling which contributed to 90% of total fouling. The decline rate increased with successive filtration cycles due to deposition of protein content over time. All pre-treatment could reduce the foulants of a Ultrafiltration membrane which contributed to the improvement in flux, and there was a greater improvement of flux by UV/H 2 O 2 (61%) than ozonation (43%) which in turn was greater than AER (23%) treatment. This was likely due to the effective removal/breakdown of high MW organic content. AER gave greater removal of biofouling potential components (such as biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and assimilable organic carbon contents) compared to UV/H 2 O 2 and ozonation treatment. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of pre-treatments for reducing OF of ultrafiltration for the treatment of drinking water.

Embryology meets molecular biology: Deciphering the apical ectodermal ridge.

Science.gov (United States)

Verheyden, Jamie M; Sun, Xin

2017-09-15

More than sixty years ago, while studying feather tracks on the shoulder of the chick embryo, Dr. John Saunders used Nile Blue dye to stain the tissue. There, he noticed a darkly stained line of cells that neatly rims the tip of the growing limb bud. Rather than ignoring this observation, he followed it up by removing this tissue and found that it led to a striking truncation of the limb skeletons. This landmark experiment marks the serendipitous discovery of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), the quintessential embryonic structure that drives the outgrowth of the limb. Dr. Saunders continued to lead the limb field for the next fifty years, not just through his own work, but also by inspiring the next generation of researchers through his infectious love of science. Together, he and those who followed ushered in the discovery of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) as the AER molecule. The seamless marriage of embryology and molecular biology that led to the decoding of the AER serves as a shining example of how discoveries are made for the rest of the developmental biology field. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The effects of air stoichiometry and air excess ratio on the transient response of a PEMFC under load change conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Bosung; Cha, Dowon; Kim, Yongchan

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Effects of controlling parameters on the transient response of a PEMFC are studied. • The transient response is measured by varying air stoichiometry and air excess ratio. • Voltage drop, undershoot, and voltage fluctuation are analyzed under the load change. • Optimal air stoichiometry and air excess ratio are suggested for stable operation. - Abstract: The transient response of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an important issue for transportation applications. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of operating and controlling parameters on the transient response of a PEMFC for achieving more stable cell performance under load change conditions. The transient response of a PEMFC was measured and analyzed by varying air stoichiometry, air humidity, and air excess ratio (AER). The optimal air stoichiometry and AER were determined to minimize the voltage drop, undershoot, and voltage fluctuation under the load change, while maintaining high cell performance. Based on the present data, the optimal air stoichiometry was determined to be between 2.0 and 2.5, and the optimal AER was suggested to be between 1.65 and 2.0

Aircraft and ground measurements of dust aerosols over the west African coast in summer 2015 during ICE-D and AER-D

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Liu

2018-03-01

Full Text Available During the summertime, dust from the Sahara can be efficiently transported westwards within the Saharan air layer (SAL. This can lead to high aerosol loadings being observed above a relatively clean marine boundary layer (MBL in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. These dust layers can impart significant radiative effects through strong visible and IR light absorption and scattering, and can also have indirect impacts by altering cloud properties. The processing of the dust aerosol can result in changes in both direct and indirect radiative effects, leading to significant uncertainty in climate prediction in this region. During August 2015, measurements of aerosol and cloud properties were conducted off the coast of west Africa as part of the Ice in Cloud Experiment – Dust (ICE-D and AERosol properties – Dust (AER-D campaigns. Observations were obtained over a 4-week period using the UK Facility for Atmospheric Airborne Measurements (FAAM BAe 146 aircraft based on Santiago Island, Cabo Verde. Ground-based observations were collected from Praia (14°57′ N, 23°29′ W; 100 m a.s.l., also located on Santiago Island. The dust in the SAL was mostly sampled in situ at altitudes of 2–4 km, and the potential dust age was estimated by backward trajectory analysis. The particle mass concentration (at diameter d  =  0.1–20 µm decreased with transport time. Mean effective diameter (Deff for supermicron SAL dust (d  =  1–20 µm was found to be 5–6 µm regardless of dust age, whereas submicron Deff (d  =  0.1–1 µm showed a decreasing trend with longer transport. For the first time, an airborne laser-induced incandescence instrument (the single particle soot photometer – SP2 was deployed to measure the hematite content of dust. For the Sahel-influenced dust in the SAL, the observed hematite mass fraction of dust (FHm was found to be anti-correlated with the single scattering albedo (SSA, �

Evaluation of balance, mobility and flexibility in active and sedentary elderly women

OpenAIRE

Ruzene, Juliana Rodrigues Soares; Navega, Marcelo Tavella

2014-01-01

OBJETIVO: Comparar equilíbrio, mobilidade e flexibilidade em idosas não praticantes de exercício físico e praticantes de exercício físico aeróbio e resistido. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 55 mulheres entre 60 e 81 anos, divididas em quatro grupos, com base no relato de prática de exercício físico nos 12 meses anteriores à avaliação: Não Praticantes de Exercício Físico (NPEF; n=22), Praticantes de Exercício Físico Aeróbio e Resistido (PEFAR; n=15), Praticantes de Exercício Físico Resistido (P...

REFSIM Handbook of Variable Names.

Science.gov (United States)

1982-11-04

INT2 LREFSEEK R /AERO/ INT4 L: REFSEEK D2THET missile pitch acceleration in degrees/R /AERO/ AER02 M CREFAIR second**2. R /AERO/ AER03 M LREFAIR R...LREFSEEK R /INTERP/ AWM’l L REFSEEK R /INTERP/ ANMh2 CREFSEEK DELA Peak magnitude difference at port and R /CSAS/ AMERCS LREFENW4T starboard. (db/m**2) R...ASE/ GLINT2 L REFD1VMT R /ASE/ INIiT M LIREFSEEK, R /ASE,/ INT2 REFSEEK R /ASE/ INT4 L-RE’SEEK R /ASE/ LOCK2 L-EFSEEK R /ASE/ 1’tLOCK LIREFSEEK DELUhP

Event generators for address event representation transmitters

Science.gov (United States)

Serrano-Gotarredona, Rafael; Serrano-Gotarredona, Teresa; Linares Barranco, Bernabe

2005-06-01

Address Event Representation (AER) is an emergent neuromorphic interchip communication protocol that allows for real-time virtual massive connectivity between huge number neurons located on different chips. By exploiting high speed digital communication circuits (with nano-seconds timings), synaptic neural connections can be time multiplexed, while neural activity signals (with mili-seconds timings) are sampled at low frequencies. Also, neurons generate 'events' according to their activity levels. More active neurons generate more events per unit time, and access the interchip communication channel more frequently, while neurons with low activity consume less communication bandwidth. In a typical AER transmitter chip, there is an array of neurons that generate events. They send events to a peripheral circuitry (let's call it "AER Generator") that transforms those events to neurons coordinates (addresses) which are put sequentially on an interchip high speed digital bus. This bus includes a parallel multi-bit address word plus a Rqst (request) and Ack (acknowledge) handshaking signals for asynchronous data exchange. There have been two main approaches published in the literature for implementing such "AER Generator" circuits. They differ on the way of handling event collisions coming from the array of neurons. One approach is based on detecting and discarding collisions, while the other incorporates arbitration for sequencing colliding events . The first approach is supposed to be simpler and faster, while the second is able to handle much higher event traffic. In this article we will concentrate on the second arbiter-based approach. Boahen has been publishing several techniques for implementing and improving the arbiter based approach. Originally, he proposed an arbitration squeme by rows, followed by a column arbitration. In this scheme, while one neuron was selected by the arbiters to transmit his event out of the chip, the rest of neurons in the array were

The role of HoxA11 and HoxA13 in the evolution of novel fin morphologies in a representative batoid (Leucoraja erinacea

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Shannon N. Barry

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Batoids exhibit unique body plans with derived fin morphologies, such as the anteriorly expanded pectoral fins that fuse to the head, or distally extended anterior pelvic fin lobes used for a modified swimming technique utilized by skates (Rajidae. The little skate (Leucoraja erinacea, exhibits both of these unique fin morphologies. These fin modifications are not present in a typical shark body plan, and little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying their development. A recent study identified a novel apical ectodermal ridge (AER associated with the development of the anterior pectoral fin in the little skate, but the role of the posterior HoxA genes was not featured during skate fin development. Results We present the first evidence for HoxA expression (HoxA11 and HoxA13 in novel AER domains associated with the development of three novel fin morphologies in a representative batoid, L. erinacea. We found HoxA13 expression associated with the recently described novel AER in the anterior pectoral fin, and HoxA11 expression in a novel AER domain in the anterior pelvic fin that we describe here. We find that both HoxA11 and HoxA13 are expressed in claspers, and while HoxA11 is expressed in pelvic fins and claspers, HoxA13 is expressed exclusively in developing claspers of males. Finally, HoxA11 expression is associated with the developing fin rays in paired fins. Conclusion Overall, these results indicate that the posterior HoxA genes play an important role in the morphological evolution of paired fins in a representative batoid. These data suggest that the batoids utilize a unique Hox code, where the posterior HoxA genes exhibit distinct expression patterns that are likely associated with specification of novel fin morphologies.

Development of the Test Of Astronomy STandards (TOAST) Assessment Instrument

Science.gov (United States)

Slater, Timothy F.; Slater, S. J.

2008-05-01

Considerable effort in the astronomy education research (AER) community over the past several years has focused on developing assessment tools in the form of multiple-choice conceptual diagnostics and content knowledge surveys. This has been critically important in advancing the AER discipline so that researchers could establish the initial knowledge state of students as well as to attempt measure some of the impacts of innovative instructional interventions. Unfortunately, few of the existing instruments were constructed upon a solid list of clearly articulated and widely agreed upon learning objectives. This was not done in oversight, but rather as a result of the relative youth of AER as a discipline. Now that several important science education reform documents exist and are generally accepted by the AER community, we are in a position to develop, validate, and disseminate a new assessment instrument which is tightly aligned to the consensus learning goals stated by the American Astronomical Society - Chair's Conference on ASTRO 101, the American Association of the Advancement of Science's Project 2061 Benchmarks, and the National Research Council's National Science Education Standards. In response, researchers from the Cognition in Astronomy, Physics and Earth sciences Research (CAPER) Team at the University of Wyoming's Science & Math Teaching Center (UWYO SMTC) have designed a criterion-referenced assessment tool, called the Test Of Astronomy STandards (TOAST). Through iterative development, this instrument has a high degree of reliability and validity for instructors and researchers needing information on students’ initial knowledge state at the beginning of a course and can be used, in aggregate, to help measure the impact of course-length duration instructional strategies for courses with learning goals tightly aligned to the consensus goals of our community.

Network regulation and regulatory institutional reform: Revisiting the case of Australia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nepal, Rabindra; Menezes, Flavio; Jamasb, Tooraj

2014-01-01

It is well-understood that the success of liberalizing the electricity supply industry depends crucially on the quality and design of the regulatory and institutional framework. This paper analyses the regulatory arrangements that underpin the work of the Australian Energy Regulator (AER). These arrangements are contrasted with the regulatory structure of electricity provision in Norway. A key difference between the reform processes in the two countries relates to the lack of privatization in Norway and the co-existence of private and publicly owned generators and distributors in Australia. This comparative analysis allows us to make several recommendations to improve regulatory arrangements in Australia. These include greater independence for the AER, better coordination among regulatory institutions, greater use of benchmarking analysis, greater customer involvement, and improving market transparency and privatization of government-owned corporations. However, the success of privatization will hinge upon the effectiveness of the regulatory environment. - Highlights: • Rising electricity prices and network costs is of great concern in Australia. • Flaws in the existing regulatory environment and economic efficiency exist. • The AER should be provided with adequate resources (financial and staff experts) and discretion. • Robust benchmarking techniques should be adopted in the incentive regulation framework for cost efficiency. • Privatization of the state-owned assets also remains an option

Effect of burnup history by moderator density on neutron-physical characteristics of WWER-1000 core

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ovdiienko, I.; Kuchin, A.; Khalimonchuk, V.; Ieremenko, M.

2011-01-01

Results of assessment of burnup history effect by moderator density on neutron physical characteristics of WWER-1000 core are presented on example of stationary fuel loading with Russian design fuel assembly TWSA and AER benchmark for Khmelnitsky NPP that was proposed by TUV and SSTC NRC at nineteenth symposium. Assessment was performed by DYN3D code and cross section library sets generated by HELIOS code. Burnup history was taken into account by preparing of numerous cross section sets with different isotopic composition each of which was obtained by burning under different moderator density. For analysis of history effect 20 cross section sets were prepared for each fuel assembly corresponded to each of 20 axial layers of reactor core model for DYN3D code. Four fuel cycles were modeled both for stationary fuel loading with TWSA and AER benchmark for Khmelnitsky NPP to obtain steady value of error due to neglect of burnup history effect. Main attention of study was paid to effect of burnup history by moderator density to axial power distribution. Results of study for AER benchmark were compared with experimental values of axial power distribution for fuel assemblies of first, second, third and fourth year operation. (Authors)

Efectos del entrenamiento físico en piscina climatizada sobre la capacidad aeróbica de un grupo de niños asmáticos. (Effects of the physical training in a warm-water pool on the aerobic power of a group of asthmatic children.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan David Fernández Villada

2009-07-01

Full Text Available ResumenObjetivo: Observar cambios en la capacidad aeróbica de un grupo de niños asmáticos después de un entrenamiento físico en piscina climatizada (EFPC. Método: 22 niños asmáticos, se dividieron en grupo experimental (GE y grupo control (GC de 11 cada uno. El GE se sometió a un EFPC durante 18 semanas de manera controlada, mientras el GC solo hacía sus actividades cotidianas. A ambos grupos se les realizó pruebas de esfuerzo en banda rodante para determinar el máximo consumo de oxígeno en METS y la frecuencia cardiaca máxima (FCM. Se midió en cada sesión de EFPC si los niños presentaban asma inducida por esfuerzo (AIE. Resultados: Al iniciar el estudio, el promedio de METS y de la FCM fueron similares en ambos grupos (Anova METS p = 0.5568; Anova FCM p = 0.5198; METS: GE 11.61 ± 2.33 DS, GC 11.05 ± 2.08 DS; FCM: GE 165.09 ± 13.85 DS, GC 161.46 ± 12.12 DS. Al finalizar, sólo el GE mejoró en los promedios de los METS de la diferencia pre-post según la prueba de observaciones apareadas (METS GE 6.65 ± 3.46 DS; Anova p = 0.0006. La FCM también aumentó, siendo significativa en el GE (FCM: GE 22.45 ± 19.04 DS; Anova FCM p = 0.0823. Solo el 6,06% de las mediciones presentaron AIE. Conclusión: Se encontró aumento significativo de la capacidad aeróbica en el GE, comparado con el GC. Se sugiere que utilizar piscina climatizada para el entrenamiento físico del asmático puede disminuir el AIE.Abstract Objective: To observe changes in the aerobic power in a group of asthmatic children after of a physical training in warm-water pool (EFPC. Method: 22 asthmatic children, who were divided in to an experimental group (GE and a control group (GC of 11 each. The GE was submitted to an EFPC for 18 weeks in a controlled way, while the GC only did their daily activities. Treadmill ergometer testing were conducted to both groups, to determine the maximal oxygen consumption in MET and the maximum heart rate (FCM. Each section of the

AER Working Group B activities in 2009

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Darilek, P.

2009-01-01

Regular meeting of Core Design Group was organized by SKODA JS a.s. in Plzen (Czech Republic) during the period of 4 to 6 May 2009. There were presented altogether 17 participants from 7 member organizations and 7 presentations were read. Presented papers covered topics as follows: 1) Two presentations dealt with upgrade of calculation and display tools. 2) Three presentations were devoted to benchmark calculations. 3) Two presentations informed about gradual improvement of fuel assembly and cycle for VVER-440 reactors

What is unburned carbon?; Vad aer ofoerbraent?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bjurstroem, Henrik [AaF-Process AB, Stockholm (Sweden); Suer, Pascal [Swedish Geotechnical Inst., Linkoeping (Sweden)

2006-01-15

Different methods to determine unburned carbon in an ash yield different results, which raises the question of what actually is unburned. Using knowledge on the chemistry of ashes, one can identify which processes that contribute to the results from a method of analysis, but it is not possible to quantify these contributions. The project that is reported here aimed at clarifying what the results from the different methods mean using practical examples. Approximately twenty ash samples have been collected and their content of unburned carbon determined using loss on ignition at different temperatures, instrumental analysis of TOC and wet oxidation (the so-called colorimetric method). In order to identify the processes contributing to the results the samples have been investigated using a thermobalance instrumented with DTA and mass spectrometry for the species released when the samples are heated in air. The results can be grouped according to the type of ash: bottom ash, ESP ashes or baghouse filter ashes. They each have their specific fingerprints. Although the same processes contribute to the LOI, the proportions differ. In the case of bottom ashes, LOI and TOC yield results close to each other. A large part of the LOI is TOC, but not all. TOC is dominated by charred fuel (elementar carbon) and organic is a minor part. In the case of fly ashes, LOI and TOC yield results that differ from each other. As for bottom ashes, a large part of the LOI at 550 deg C is TOC, dominated by char or elemental carbon. The LOI at higher temperatures is often at least double and includes much more. Igniting ESP and baghouse filter ash samples at ca 1000 deg C leads to losses of volatile salts, e g chlorides. The colorimetric method takes some of the TOC, not only organic matter. The TOC methods should be preferred to it. The LOI methods yield values that are generally too high. As they are easy to implement their use will be continued. We recommend that: Ash is not ignited at temperatures higher than necessary; The temperature at which LOI was determined is reported; The result of LOI is reported as LOI and not as organic content in ash.

Effluent and water treatment at AERE Harwell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lewis, J.B.

1977-01-01

The treatment of liquid wastes at Harwell is based on two main principles: separation of surface water, domestic sewage, trade wastes and radioactive effluents at source, and a system of holding tanks which are sampled so that the appropriate treatment can be given to any batch. All discharges are subject to independent monitoring by the authorising departments and the Thames Water Inspectors. (author)

Efeito da atividade física associada à orientação alimentar em adolescentes obesos: comparação entre o exercício aeróbio e anaeróbio Efecto de la actividad física asociada a la orientación alimentar en adolescentes obesos: comparación entre el ejercicio aeróbico y anaeróbico Effect of physical activity associated with nutritional orientation for obese adolescents: comparison between aerobic and anaerobic exercise

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renata Viccari Sabia

2004-10-01

Full Text Available A obesidade na adolescência é uma doença universal de prevalência mundial crescente, assumindo caráter epidemiológico como problema de saúde pública na sociedade moderna. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar o efeito do exercício físico aeróbio contínuo e anaeróbio intermitente associado à orientação alimentar sobre a composição corporal, as medidas bioquímicas e a capacidade física de adolescentes obesos. Foram investigados 28 adolescentes (média de idade = 13 anos, com índice de massa corporal (IMC acima do percentil 95 para a idade e sexo, distribuídos em dois grupos de forma aleatória: exercício de caminhada contínua (GEC; n = 13 e exercício de corrida intermitente (GEI; n = 15 e submetidos a um programa de treinamento físico três vezes por semana durante 16 semanas por 20 a 40 minutos. A atividade de orientação nutricional ocorreu uma vez por semana, em grupo, por 60 minutos, durante todo o experimento. Foram realizadas, no período inicial e final, medidas de peso e altura, pregas subcutâneas, circunferências do braço (CB e muscular do braço (CMB, composição corporal por bioimpedância elétrica, análises bioquímicas séricas (glicemia e lipídios e determinação direta de consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max e limiar anaeróbio (LAn. Como resultados antropométricos, observamos diminuição do IMC e das pregas cutâneas com diferença significativa nos dois grupos (GEC e GEI. Na avaliação bioquímica, houve diminuição significativa nos níveis séricos de HDL e LDL, colesterol total, e aumento do triglicérides e glicemia no GEC, embora mantendo-se dentro dos valores de normalidade. No GEI, o HDL e triglicérides tiveram diminuição significativa. O VO2max aumentou estatisticamente nos dois grupos. Concluímos que a atividade física proposta e a orientação alimentar, tanto para o GEC quanto para GEI, foi suficiente e satisfatória, promovendo diminuição ponderal, melhora da composi

Caribbean alternative energy programme project proposals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1978-03-01

This is the third report to follow the Project Group Meeting on ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES, Barbados, September, 1977. It consists of summaries of projects proposals identified at the Meeting. The first two reports have been previously circulated. The first CSC(77)AER-1 covers the background, proceedings and recommendations resulting from the meeting as well as containing a brief outline of the project proposals. The country papers and technical papers that were presented at the meeting or served as background material, form the second report, CSC(77)AER-2. Copies of the first two reports can be obtained on request to the Commonwealth Science Council. Projects with potential for making significant progress in the short term have been marked with an asterisk

Energy and Spatial Planning. Advice to the Minister of Economic Affairs, 29 June 2000

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2000-08-01

The Dutch Minister of Economic Affairs requested the General Energy Council (AER, abbreviated in Dutch) to advice on spatial planning aspects of energy in the Netherlands, focusing on (1) the spatial facilities c.q. measures to be taken by the Dutch government to guarantee an adequate energy production and energy distribution in the long term; and (2) how to realize the targets for and stimulate the use of renewable energy within the spatial planning process. The vision of the AER is placed against the background of societal actuality of democratization and support of the Dutch population. For that reason in the appendix an overview is given of causes and possible administrative methods of the so-called NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) phenomenon. 53 refs

Neuro-Inspired Spike-Based Motion: From Dynamic Vision Sensor to Robot Motor Open-Loop Control through Spike-VITE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Perez-Peña

2013-11-01

Full Text Available In this paper we present a complete spike-based architecture: from a Dynamic Vision Sensor (retina to a stereo head robotic platform. The aim of this research is to reproduce intended movements performed by humans taking into account as many features as possible from the biological point of view. This paper fills the gap between current spike silicon sensors and robotic actuators by applying a spike processing strategy to the data flows in real time. The architecture is divided into layers: the retina, visual information processing, the trajectory generator layer which uses a neuroinspired algorithm (SVITE that can be replicated into as many times as DoF the robot has; and finally the actuation layer to supply the spikes to the robot (using PFM. All the layers do their tasks in a spike-processing mode, and they communicate each other through the neuro-inspired AER protocol. The open-loop controller is implemented on FPGA using AER interfaces developed by RTC Lab. Experimental results reveal the viability of this spike-based controller. Two main advantages are: low hardware resources (2% of a Xilinx Spartan 6 and power requirements (3.4 W to control a robot with a high number of DoF (up to 100 for a Xilinx Spartan 6. It also evidences the suitable use of AER as a communication protocol between processing and actuation.

Neuro-Inspired Spike-Based Motion: From Dynamic Vision Sensor to Robot Motor Open-Loop Control through Spike-VITE

Science.gov (United States)

Perez-Peña, Fernando; Morgado-Estevez, Arturo; Linares-Barranco, Alejandro; Jimenez-Fernandez, Angel; Gomez-Rodriguez, Francisco; Jimenez-Moreno, Gabriel; Lopez-Coronado, Juan

2013-01-01

In this paper we present a complete spike-based architecture: from a Dynamic Vision Sensor (retina) to a stereo head robotic platform. The aim of this research is to reproduce intended movements performed by humans taking into account as many features as possible from the biological point of view. This paper fills the gap between current spike silicon sensors and robotic actuators by applying a spike processing strategy to the data flows in real time. The architecture is divided into layers: the retina, visual information processing, the trajectory generator layer which uses a neuroinspired algorithm (SVITE) that can be replicated into as many times as DoF the robot has; and finally the actuation layer to supply the spikes to the robot (using PFM). All the layers do their tasks in a spike-processing mode, and they communicate each other through the neuro-inspired AER protocol. The open-loop controller is implemented on FPGA using AER interfaces developed by RTC Lab. Experimental results reveal the viability of this spike-based controller. Two main advantages are: low hardware resources (2% of a Xilinx Spartan 6) and power requirements (3.4 W) to control a robot with a high number of DoF (up to 100 for a Xilinx Spartan 6). It also evidences the suitable use of AER as a communication protocol between processing and actuation. PMID:24264330

Effects of leaf hair points of a desert moss on water retention and dew formation: implications for desiccation tolerance.

Science.gov (United States)

Tao, Ye; Zhang, Yuan Ming

2012-05-01

Leaf hair points (LHPs) are important morphological structures in many desiccation-tolerant mosses, but study of their functions has been limited. A desert moss, Syntrichia caninervis, was chosen for examination of the ecological effects of LHPs on water retention and dew formation at individual and population (patch) levels. Although LHPs were only 4.77% of shoot weight, they were able to increase absolute water content (AWC) by 24.87%. The AWC of samples with LHPs was always greater than for those without LHPs during dehydration. The accumulative evaporation ratio (AER) showed an opposite trend. AWC, evaporation ratio and AER of shoots with LHPs took 20 min longer to reach a completely dehydrated state than shoots without LHPs. At the population level, dew formation on moss crusts with LHPs was faster than on crusts without LHPs, and the former had higher daily and total dew amounts. LHPs were able to improve dew amounts on crusts by 10.26%. Following three simulated rainfall events (1, 3 and 6 mm), AERs from crusts with LHPs were always lower than from crusts without LHPs. LHPs can therefore significantly delay and reduce evaporation. We confirm that LHPs are important desiccation-tolerant features of S. caninervis at both individual and population levels. LHPs greatly aid moss crusts in adapting to arid conditions.

Annual Energy Review 1993

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1994-07-14

This twelfth edition of the Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the Energy Information Administration`s historical energy statistics. For most series, statistics are given for every year from 1949 through 1993. Because coverage spans four and a half decades, the statistics in this report are well-suited to long-term trend analyses. The AER is comprehensive. It covers all major energy activities, including consumption, production, trade, stocks, and prices, for all major energy commodities, including fossil fuels and electricity. The AER also presents Energy Information Administration (EIA) statistics on some renewable energy sources. EIA estimates that its consumption series include about half of the renewable energy used in the United States. For a more complete discussion of EIA`s renewables data, see p. xix, ``Introducing Expanded Coverage of Renewable Energy Data Into the Historical Consumption Series.`` Copies of the 1993 edition of the Annual Energy Review may be obtained by using the order form in the back of this publication. Most of the data in the 1993 edition also are available on personal computer diskette. For more information about the diskettes, see the back of this publication. In addition, the data are available as part of the National Economic, Social, and Environmental Data Bank on a CD-ROM. For more information about the data bank, contact the US Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration, on 202-482-1986.

Analysis of technical alternative technologies for the development of context-driven composable environmental representations for JSB

Science.gov (United States)

Hummel, John R.; Bergenthal, Jeff J.; Seng, William F.; Moulton, Joseph R., Jr.; Prager, S. D.

2004-08-01

The Joint Synthetic Battlespace for the Air Force (JSB-AF) is being developed to provide realistic representations of friendly and threat capabilities and the natural environmental conditions to support a variety of Department of Defense missions including training, mission rehearsal, decision support, acquisition, deployment, employment, operations, and the development of Courses of Action. This paper addresses three critical JSB issues associated with providing environ-mental representations to Modeling and Simulation (M&S) applications. First, how should the requirements for envi-ronmental functionality in a JSB-AF application be collected, analyzed, and used to define an Authoritative Environ-mental Representation (AER)? Second, how can JSB-AF AERs be generated? Third, once an AER has been generated, how should it be "served up" to the JSB-AF components? Our analyses of these issues will be presented from a general M&S perspective, with examples given from a JSB-AF centered view. In the context of this effort, the term "representa-tions" is meant to incorporate both basic environmental "data" (e.g., temperature, pressure, slope, elevation, etc.) and "effects", properties that can be derived from these data using physics-based models or empirical relationship from the fundamental data (e.g., extinction coefficients, radiance, soil moisture strength, etc.) We present a state-of-the-art review of the existing processes and technologies that address these questions.

Annual Energy Review 1993

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-01-01

This twelfth edition of the Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the Energy Information Administration's historical energy statistics. For most series, statistics are given for every year from 1949 through 1993. Because coverage spans four and a half decades, the statistics in this report are well-suited to long-term trend analyses. The AER is comprehensive. It covers all major energy activities, including consumption, production, trade, stocks, and prices, for all major energy commodities, including fossil fuels and electricity. The AER also presents Energy Information Administration (EIA) statistics on some renewable energy sources. EIA estimates that its consumption series include about half of the renewable energy used in the United States. For a more complete discussion of EIA's renewables data, see p. xix, ''Introducing Expanded Coverage of Renewable Energy Data Into the Historical Consumption Series.'' Copies of the 1993 edition of the Annual Energy Review may be obtained by using the order form in the back of this publication. Most of the data in the 1993 edition also are available on personal computer diskette. For more information about the diskettes, see the back of this publication. In addition, the data are available as part of the National Economic, Social, and Environmental Data Bank on a CD-ROM. For more information about the data bank, contact the US Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration, on 202-482-1986

EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO COMO TRATAMENTO NÃO FARMACOLÓGICO PARA A MELHORA DA SAÚDE PÓS-MENOPAUSA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tiego Aparecido Diniz

Full Text Available RESUMO O período da pós-menopausa é caracterizado por 12 meses consecutivos de amenorreia. Além de afetar o sistema reprodutivo e a produção de hormônios sexuais, principalmente o estrógeno, essas mulheres apresentam aumento da gordura corporal total, principalmente na região central, o que está relacionado com o desenvolvimento de diversas doenças crônicas, como dislipidemia, aterosclerose e resistência à insulina. Dessa forma, diferentes programas de exercício físico, aeróbico, resistido ou combinado (aeróbico e resistido em uma mesma sessão podem ser uma forma interessante de tratamento não farmacológico para a prevenção e melhora dos desfechos. Entretanto, as adaptações promovidas pelos diferentes programas de exercício sobre a composição corporal, perfil lipídico e glicêmico não estão claras na literatura e precisam ser elucidadas. Assim sendo, esta revisão tem como objetivo discutir as diferentes adaptações do treinamento aeróbico, resistido e combinado na composição corporal, perfil lipídico e glicêmico de mulheres na pós-menopausa.

The value of paradoxical uptake of hepatocellular carcinoma on the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of lipiodol uptake after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Jeong Woo, E-mail: pridebio@naver.com [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Chang Hee, E-mail: chlee86@korea.ac.kr [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Park, Yang Shin, E-mail: pys797979@naver.com [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Seo, Tae Seok, E-mail: g1q1papa@korea.ac.kr [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Song, Myung Gyu, E-mail: acube808@naver.com [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Ji Hoon, E-mail: kjhhepar@naver.com [Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Kyeong Ah, E-mail: kahkim@korea.ac.kr [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Park, Cheol Min, E-mail: radpic@hanmail.net [Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2017-04-15

Highlights: • HCC{sub para} shows more frequent initial compact lipiodol uptake after TACE than HCC{sub def}. • HCC{sub para} demonstrates less frequent early local recurrence after TACE. • HCC{sub para} has larger mean size, lower AER, and more frequent capsule appearance. - Abstract: Purpose: To compare the response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with paradoxical uptake on the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) (HCC{sub para}) and HCC with defect on the HBP (HCC{sub def}), and to identify some imaging features that can differentiate between two groups. Materials and methods: Ninety-three HCCs from 54 patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to TACE were included. HCCs were classified into two groups according to the signal intensity (SI) on the HBP: HCC{sub para} and HCC{sub def}. Using post-TACE computed tomography (CT) as a reference standard, initial compact lipiodol uptake was assessed and compared between groups. The arterial enhancement ratio (AER), SI ratios of the arterial phase and HBP, and presence of the capsule appearance were compared between groups. After initial response, local tumor recurrence within 6 and 18 months was evaluated based on follow-up CT or MRI. Results: Fifteen HCC{sub para} and 78 HCC{sub def} were included. Compared to HCC{sub def}, HCC{sub para} showed more frequent initial compact lipiodol uptake (p = 0.009), larger mean size (p = 0.019), lower AER (p = 0.005), higher SI ratio of the HBP (p < 0.0001), and more frequent capsule appearance (p < 0.0001). Local tumor recurrence rate within 6 months was also significantly lower in HCC{sub para} than in HCC{sub def} (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Despite larger size and lower AER, HCC{sub para} showed more frequent initial compact lipiodol uptake and lower early local recurrence rate after TACE than did HCC{sub def}.

Prognostic value of vasodilator response using rubidium-82 positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with coronary artery disease

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arasaratnam, Punitha; Sadreddini, Masoud; Yam, Yeung; Kansal, Vinay; Beanlands, Rob S. [University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Ottawa, ON (Canada); Dorbala, Sharmila; Di Carli, Marcelo F. [Brigham and Women' s Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Division of Nuclear Medicine, Boston, MA (United States); Merhige, Michael E. [Niagara Falls Memorial Medical Center, Departments of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, and Nuclear Medicine, Buffalo, NY (United States); Williams, Brent A. [Geisinger Medical Center, Department of Center for Health Research, Danville, PA (United States); Veledar, Emir; Shaw, Leslee J. [Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (United States); Min, James K. [Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Radiology and Department of Imaging, New York, NY (United States); Chen, Li [University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, Ottawa, ON (Canada); Ruddy, Terrence D.; Chow, Benjamin J.W. [University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Ottawa, ON (Canada); University of Ottawa, Department of Radiology, Ottawa, ON (Canada); Germano, Guido; Berman, Daniel S. [Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Imaging, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

2018-04-15

Prognostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is well established. There is paucity of data on how the prognostic value of PET relates to the hemodynamic response to vasodilator stress. We hypothesize that inadequate hemodynamic response will affect the prognostic value of PET MPI. Using a multicenter rubidium (Rb)-82 PET registry, 3406 patients who underwent a clinically indicated rest/stress PET MPI with a vasodilator agent were analyzed. Patients were categorized as, ''responders'' [increase in heart rate ≥ 10 beats per minute (bpm) and decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥10 mmHg], ''partial responders'' (either a change in HR or SBP), and ''non-responders'' (no change in HR or SBP). Primary outcome was all-cause death (ACD), and secondary outcome was cardiac death (CD). Ischemic burden was measured using summed stress score (SSS) and % left ventricular (LV) ischemia. After a median follow-up of 1.68 years (interquartile range = 1.17- 2.55), there were 7.9% (n = 270) ACD and 2.6% (n = 54) CD. Responders with a normal PET MPI had an annualized event rate (AER) of 1.22% (SSS of 0-3) and 1.58% (% LV ischemia = 0). Partial and non-responders had higher AER with worsening levels of ischemic burden. In the presence of severe SSS ≥12 and LV ischemia of ≥10%, partial responders had an AER of 10.79% and 10.36%, compared to non-responders with an AER of 19.4% and 12.43%, respectively. Patient classification was improved when SSS was added to a model containing clinical variables (NRI: 42%, p < 0.001) and responder category was added (NRI: 61%, p < 0.001). The model including clinical variables, SSS and hemodynamic response has good discrimination ability (Harrell C statistics: 0.77 [0.74-0.80]). Hemodynamic response during a vasodilator Rb-82 PET MPI is predictive of ACD. Partial and non-responders may require additional risk stratification leading to

Aerobic endurance in young female athletes in respect to sexual maturation, age and growth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Tereza Silveira Böhme

2004-12-01

Full Text Available The aims of this study were, in young female athletes: a to describe the development of aerobic endurance in relation to different sexual maturation stages by each chronological age; b to verify the existence of significant differences among the sexual maturation stages in each age; c to describe the development of aerobic endurance in relation to different ages by each sexual stage; d to verify the existence of significant differences among the ages by each sexual stage; e to verify the influence of chronological age, sexual maturation, adiposity, muscularity, physical growth and kind of sport on aerobic endurance. The sample comprised 305 female young athletes from 10 to 17 years of age, of basketball, handball, soccer and track and field, who were measured for their physical growth, adiposity, muscularity, sexual maturation stage and aerobic endurance. The variance and multiple regression analyses indicated that sexual maturation had no significant influence on the aerobic endurance of these female young athletes. RESUMO Este trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivos, com relação a jovens atletas do sexo feminino: a descrever o desenvolvimento da resistência geral aeróbia considerando-se os diferentes níveis de maturação biológica em cada idade cronológica; b verificar a existência de diferenças significativas entre os níveis de maturação em cada idade cronológica; c descrever o desenvolvimento da resistência geral aeróbia considerando-se as diferentes idades cronológicas em cada nível de maturação biológica; d verificar a existência de diferenças significativas entre as idades cronológicas de mesmo estágio maturacional; e verificar a influência da maturação biológica, crescimento físico, adiposidade subcutânea, muscularidade, idade cronológica e o tipo de modalidade esportiva praticada sobre a resistência geral aeróbia. Para isso, uma amostra de 305 jovens atletas mulheres na faixa etária de 10 a 17 anos das

Development of a computer code for neutronic calculations of a hexagonal lattice of nuclear reactor using the flux expansion nodal method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammadnia Meysam

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The flux expansion nodal method is a suitable method for considering nodalization effects in node corners. In this paper we used this method to solve the intra-nodal flux analytically. Then, a computer code, named MA.CODE, was developed using the C# programming language. The code is capable of reactor core calculations for hexagonal geometries in two energy groups and three dimensions. The MA.CODE imports two group constants from the WIMS code and calculates the effective multiplication factor, thermal and fast neutron flux in three dimensions, power density, reactivity, and the power peaking factor of each fuel assembly. Some of the code's merits are low calculation time and a user friendly interface. MA.CODE results showed good agreement with IAEA benchmarks, i. e. AER-FCM-101 and AER-FCM-001.

Effects of quorum sensing system lasR/rhlR gene on the expression of Foxp3, TGF-β1 and IL-10 of lung tissue in tracheal intubation model rat with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qing-qing XIANG

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Objective 　To investigate the effects of lasR/rhlR gene on Foxp3, TGF-β1 and IL-10 of lung tissue in rat tracheal intubation model with biofilm infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aer wild strain (PAO1 and quorum sensing (QS deficient strain (ΔlasRΔrhlR. Methods 　Twenty-one SD rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups (7 each: ΔlasRΔrhlR-treated group, PAO1-treated group and sterile control group. Biofilms (BF were cultured in vitro, and the BF coated tube (infected respectively with Ps. aer PAO1 strain, ΔlasRΔrhlR strain, or with asepsis was inserted into the trachea to establish the rat model. The rats were sacrificed on the 7th day after intubation. Colony count of lung tissue homogenate (cfu and lung HE staining were performed, and IL-10 content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF, TGF-β1 in lung tissue, and the expression of Foxp3 mRNA in lung cells were determined. Results 　The bacterial counts were significantly higher in PAO1 and ΔlasRΔrhlR groups than that in sterile control group, and the counts were obviously higher in PAO1 group (10 400.00±6313.70/g lung tissue than that in ΔlasRΔrhlR group (975.00±559.97/g lung tissue, P<0.05. There was no significant pathological changes in lung tissue in sterile control group, while the bronchi and blood vessels in PAO1 group were infiltrated by a large number of inflammatory cells and complicated with alveolar septum thickening and local abscess and necrosis. The pathological changes were milder in ΔlasRΔrhlR group than in PAO1 group; the expression of Foxp3 mRNA was higher in the two Ps. aer infected groups than that in sterile control group (0.65±0.32, and it was significantly higher in PAO1 group (4.62±1.07 than in ΔlasRΔrhlR group (2.15±1.43, P<0.05. The accumulated optical density value of TGF-β1 was significantly higher in the two Ps. aer infected groups than in sterile control group (3721.66±1412.95, and significantly higher in PAO1 group (65 090.56±33

Ectopic expression of Msx-2 in posterior limb bud mesoderm impairs limb morphogenesis while inducing BMP-4 expression, inhibiting cell proliferation, and promoting apoptosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferrari, D; Lichtler, A C; Pan, Z Z; Dealy, C N; Upholt, W B; Kosher, R A

1998-05-01

During early stages of chick limb development, the homeobox-containing gene Msx-2 is expressed in the mesoderm at the anterior margin of the limb bud and in a discrete group of mesodermal cells at the midproximal posterior margin. These domains of Msx-2 expression roughly demarcate the anterior and posterior boundaries of the progress zone, the highly proliferating posterior mesodermal cells underneath the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) that give rise to the skeletal elements of the limb and associated structures. Later in development as the AER loses its activity, Msx-2 expression expands into the distal mesoderm and subsequently into the interdigital mesenchyme which demarcates the developing digits. The domains of Msx-2 expression exhibit considerably less proliferation than the cells of the progress zone and also encompass several regions of programmed cell death including the anterior and posterior necrotic zones and interdigital mesenchyme. We have thus suggested that Msx-2 may be in a regulatory network that delimits the progress zone by suppressing the morphogenesis of the regions of the limb mesoderm in which it is highly expressed. In the present study we show that ectopic expression of Msx-2 via a retroviral expression vector in the posterior mesoderm of the progress zone from the time of initial formation of the limb bud severely impairs limb morphogenesis. Msx-2-infected limbs are typically very narrow along the anteroposterior axis, are occasionally truncated, and exhibit alterations in the pattern of formation of skeletal elements, indicating that as a consequence of ectopic Msx-2 expression the morphogenesis of large portions of the posterior mesoderm has been suppressed. We further show that Msx-2 impairs limb morphogenesis by reducing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis in the regions of the posterior mesoderm in which it is ectopically expressed. The domains of ectopic Msx-2 expression in the posterior mesoderm also exhibit ectopic

Identification of effluent organic matter fractions responsible for low-pressure membrane fouling

KAUST Repository

Filloux, Emmanuelle; Gallard, Hervé ; Croue, Jean-Philippe

2012-01-01

to significant total organic carbon (TOC) removal, while the TOC remained nearly constant after ozonation. Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD) analysis showed that the AER treatment preferentially removed high and intermediate molecular weight

Cloud Forming Potential of Aerosol from Light-duty Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles

Science.gov (United States)

2017-12-01

In this study, we evaluate the hygroscopicity and droplet kinetics of fresh and aged emissions from new generation gasoline direct injector engines retrofitted with a gasoline particulate filter (GPF). Furthermore, ageing and subsequent secondary aer...

Juuru Mihkli Kiriku Oreli Fond võttis endale uue ülesande / Tauno Kibur

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kibur, Tauno

2009-01-01

Oreli fond on võtnud ülesandeks restaureerida koguduse ajalooline pastoraat. Hoone eskiisi tegi Raivi Juks. Oreli restaureerimist ja tulemust jääb fikseerima Juuru oreli plaat, mille muusikapalad mängis sisse Kristel Aer

Indoor environmental quality in French dwellings and building characteristics

Science.gov (United States)

Langer, Sarka; Ramalho, Olivier; Derbez, Mickaël; Ribéron, Jacques; Kirchner, Severine; Mandin, Corinne

2016-03-01

A national survey on indoor environmental quality covering 567 residences in mainland France was performed during 2003-2005. The measured parameters were temperature, relative humidity, CO2, and the indoor air pollutants: fourteen individual volatile organic compounds (VOC), four aldehydes and particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5. The measured indoor concentrations were analyzed for correlations with the building characteristics: type of dwelling, period of construction, dwelling location, type of ventilation system, building material, attached garage and retrofitting. The median night time air exchange rate (AER) for all dwellings was 0.44 h-1. The night time AER was higher in apartments (median = 0.49 h-1) than in single-family houses (median = 0.41 h-1). Concentration of formaldehyde was approximately 30% higher in dwellings built after 1990 compared with older ones; it was higher in dwellings with mechanical ventilation and in concrete buildings. The VOC concentrations depended on the building characteristics to various extents. The sampling season influenced the majority of the indoor climate parameters and the concentrations of the air pollutants to a higher degree than the building characteristics. Multivariate linear regression models revealed that the indoor-outdoor difference in specific humidity, a proxy for number of occupants and their indoor activities, remained a significant predictor for most gaseous and particulate air pollutants. The other strong predictors were outdoor concentration, smoking, attached garage and AER (in descending order).

A comparative study between all-electron scalar relativistic ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

using the density functional theory Perdew–Wang 1991 .... Every cluster has two figures, fisrt one for AER calculation and .... orbital electron cloud.59 All these factors might have ..... Huber K P and Herzberg G 1979 Constants of diatomic.

Synthesis of epoxidised soya bean oil acrylate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussin bin Mohd Nor; Mohamad Hilmi bin Mahmood; Dahlan bin Haji Mohd.

1988-10-01

An epoxy acrylate was synthesized from Asahi's epoxy resin AER 331 which is an epoxidised soya bean oil (ESBO). Triethylamine (TEA) and Hydroquinone (HQ) were used as catalyst and inhibitor respectively. Observations of the experiment are described. (author)

Exposure to Sumas Mountain chrysotile induces similar gene expression changes as Libby Amphibole but has greater effect on long-term pathology and lung function

Science.gov (United States)

This study was designed to provide understanding of the toxicity of naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) including Libby amphibole (LA), Sumas Mountain chrysotile (SM), El Dorado Hills tremolite (ED) and Ontario ferroactinolite cleavage fragments (ON). Rat-respirable fractions (aer...

AVALIAÇÃO DA FLORA MICROBIANA E DE DEGERMAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL EM EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM, AMBIENTE E MATERIAL SANITÁRIO, EM ENFERMARIA DE ORTOPEDIA E TRAUMATOLOGIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celina de Arruda Camargo

1972-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Estudou-se a ecologia dos microrganismos aeróbios patogênicos em duas Enfermarias de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, observando-se predomínio de bactérias Gram negativas. A etiologia das infecções, adquiridas ou não no hospital, dos doentes internados, mostrou também predomínio acentuado de bactérias Gram negativas. As mãos e narinas de funcionários em contato direto com os doentes, mostraram presença de flora bacteriana aeróbia mista constituída de Gram positivos (patogênico e não patogênicos e Gram negativos. Os resultados obtidos com a antissepsia de utensílios sanitários com solução contendo composto quaternário de amônio, metanol e etanol foram excelentes.

Efeito da inversão dos turnos de trabalho sobre capacidade aeróbia e respostas cardiovasculares ao esforço máximo Effect of the work shift reversal on the aerobic capacity and cardiovascular responses to maximal exercise

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de Lima

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Os distúrbios do sono e alterações associadas atingem grande parte da população que trabalha no turno noturno, afetando a sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a capacidade aeróbia e as respostas cardiovasculares ao exercício máximo em indivíduos com ciclo sono vigília fisiológico e com inversão dos turnos de trabalho. Foram analisados 18 indivíduos do sexo masculino, sedentários, com idade entre 23-35 anos, divididos em 2 grupos: a grupo controle, formado por estudantes (n=9 e b grupo experimental, composto por controladores de tráfego aéreo que trabalhavam com inversão dos turnos de trabalho (n=9. Para a medida da capacidade aeróbia, foi determinado o VO2máx. por meio do analisador de gases metabólicos (VO-2000, Aerosport, Medgraphics. Para o teste de esforço máximo foi realizado o protocolo de rampa em esteira (Millenniun ATL Inbramed e as respostas cardiovasculares (FC, PAS e PAD foram verificadas antes e após a realização do exercício. De acordo com os resultados, o grupo experimental apresentou valores inferiores de FC no repouso (79,8 ± 11,5 bpm vs. 70,3 ± 3,8 bpm, no 5º (112,7± 15,1 bpm vs. 98,7 ± 6,3 bpm e no 7º minuto (108,7 ± 16,6 bpm vs. 93,9 ± 6,8 bpm de recuperação. Quanto à PAS, foram observados valores superiores durante o repouso (110,0 ± 11,2 mmHg vs. 104,0 ± 5,7 mmHg, nos indivíduos do grupo controle. Já a PAD, mostrou níveis superiores no 5º minuto da recuperação no grupo experimental (67,0 ± 4,4 mmHg vs. 58,9 ± 6,0 mmHg. Por fim, foram verificados valores superiores de VO2máx. para os indivíduos do grupo controle (58,9 ± 6,1 ml/kg/min em relação ao experimental (53,7 ± 2,5 ml/kg/min. Desta forma, podemos concluir que a inversão nos turnos de trabalho, afetando o ciclo sono-vigília, altera não apenas o ciclo circadiano das variáveis cardiovasculares no repouso e na recuperação do esforço, como também traz prejuízos à capacidade

UK nuclear data progress report for the period January - December 1981

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lees, E.W.

1982-06-01

Summaries are given of work by AERE Harwell, AEEW Winfrith, National Physical Laboratory, NRPB, Birmingham Radiation Centre and the Universities of Birmingham and Edinburgh. A paper on fission product decay heat from 235 U and 239 Pu is included. (U.K.)

La condición física como determinante de salud en personas jóvenes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jonatan Ruiz Ruiz

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Conocer la relación entre capacidad aeróbica, fuerza muscular y factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes es de interés científico y sanitario. Además, para poder interpretar de una manera más precisa estas asociaciones es necesario disponer de una metodología sencilla y fiable. Esto puede ayudar a crear estrategias de prevención primaria desde las edades más tempranas. El objetivo general de esta memoria de Tesis Doctoral es estudiar la relación entre condición física (especialmente capacidad aeróbica y fuerza muscular y factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en jóvenes, así como desarrollar nuevos métodos de estimación de la capacidad aeróbica y fuerza muscular en adolescentes. Un total de 873 niños de 9 a 10 años y 971 adolescentes de 12 a 19 años conforman las poblaciones que han participado en los tres estudios de cohortes incluidos en la presente memoria de Tesis: El estudio AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional de los Adolescentes Españoles, el EYHS (European Youth Heart Study, y el estudio HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence. Los principales resultados de la memoria de Tesis sugieren que: a La condición física se relaciona con parámetros de salud en niños y adolescentes. b La capacidad aeróbica se asocia inversamente con factores tradicionales de enfermedad cardiovascular en niños de 9 a 10 años. c La capacidad aeróbica se asocia con un factor novel de enfermedad cardiovascular tal como la homocisteína en niñas adolescentes, y esto tras ajustar por distintas variables de confusión incluido el genotipo MTHFR 677C>T. d La fuerza muscular se asocia a proteínas de inflamación aguda tales como la proteína C reactiva en adolescentes. e Se ha desarrollado y validado una nueva fórmula de estimación del consumo máximo de oxígeno a partir del resultado obtenido en el test de ida y vuelta de 20 metros, el sexo, la edad, el

Remoção de matéria orgânica e sólidos suspensos por nova configuração de biofiltro aeróbio submerso no pós-tratamento de efluente de reator UASB Removal of organic matter and suspended solids by a new configuration of biological aerated filter in the post-treatment of UASB reactor effluent

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saulo Varela Della Giustina

2010-09-01

Full Text Available O pós-tratamento de efluentes de reatores anaeróbios é um processo necessário para o atendimento dos padrões de emissão. Os resultados aqui apresentados mostram a viabilidade de uso de uma nova configuração de biofiltro aeróbio submerso (BAS no pós-tratamento desses efluentes. Os BAS multiestágio apresentam uma câmara anaeróbia (V=12,6L, seguido de uma câmara aeróbia (V=30L e uma câmara anóxica (V=26,4L, todas em série (V total=70L. Neste estudo, foi analisada a remoção de sólidos suspensos (SS, DQO e DBO5. Foram utilizados três BAS multi-estágio preenchidos com três diferentes materiais-suporte: tampas e gargalos PET (165m²/m³, pedra britada n. 4 (50m²/m³ e anéis Pall 1,5'' (135m²/m³. Os reatores foram operados com valores de tempos de detenção hidráulicas (TDH de 4,1, 8,2 e 12,3 horas, e três taxas de aplicação superficial (TAS (21, 12 e 8m³/m².d. A associação dos reatores UASB+BAS possibilitou remoções de DQO total superiores a 90% para os BAS 1 e 3, e 85% para o BAS 2, sendo independente do TDH aplicado. A remoção de SS foi maior no BAS contendo anéis Pall, provavelmente devido ao maior índice de vazios desse material.The post-treatment of effluents from anaerobic reactors is normally a mandatory step to meet the emission standards. The results presented here show the feasibility of using a new configuration of biological aerated filter (BAF in the post-treatment of UASB reactors. The multi-stage BAF presents an anaerobic chamber (V=12.6L, followed by an aerobic chamber (V=30L and an anoxic chamber (V=26.4L, all in series (total V=70L. This study examined the removal of suspended solids (SS, COD and BOD5. Three multi-stage BAF filled with three different packing materials were used: lids and bottlenecks of PET bottles (165m²/m³, gravel n. 4 (50m²/m³ and Pall rings 1.5'' (135m²/m³. The reactors were operated with the values of hydraulic detention time (HDT of 4.1, 8.2 and 12.3 hours, and

Effects of a strength endurance training program on endurance levels Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento de la fuerza-resistencia sobre los niveles de resistencia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. C. Redondo

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

The purpose of the current study was to determine whether a strength endurance training program of lower limbs isolate can increase endurance levels, both aerobic capacity and aerobic power, in order to adapt the strength training for endurance races. 20 phisically active men participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: control group (GC (n=10 and experimental group (GE (n=10. GE carried out a strength endurance training program for ten weeks. Results obtained showed that this type of training regime was useful to improve the performance in an aerobic endurance test. This could be due to an improvement in aerobic capacity, maximal dynamic strength, explosive strength and reactive strength. Moreover, there was a decrease in fat mass without increase in muscle mass.
Key Words:  Training, strength endurance, aerobic capacity, anthropometry.

El presente estudio pretende comprobar que el trabajo aislado de la fuerza resistencia en miembros inferiores produce una mejora de los niveles de resistencia, en términos tanto de potencia como de capacidad aeróbica, optimizando así el entrenamiento de la fuerza para pruebas de resistencia de media y larga duración. Para ello, veinte sujetos participaron en el estudio, dividiéndose de forma aleatoria en dos grupos: grupo control (GC (n=10 y grupo experimental (GE (n=10 el cual llevó a cabo un entrenamiento de fuerza resistencia extensivo por intervalos, de diez semanas de duración. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que este tipo de entrenamiento es efectivo para mejorar el rendimiento en una prueba de resistencia aeróbica para sujetos físicamente activos, gracias a la mejora de la capacidad aeróbica, de la fuerza máxima dinámica, elástico explosiva y elástico explosivo reactiva y a la disminución de los niveles de grasa

Gasto energético aeróbico y anaeróbico en un circuito con cargas a seis intensidades diferentes. (Aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure during at circuit weight training through six different intensities.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rocío Cupeiro Coto

2011-07-01

Full Text Available ResumenEl entrenamiento con cargas es una actividad anaeróbica glucolítica intensa y se ha comprobado que el error en las estimaciones del gasto energético en esta actividad varía entre un 13 y un 30%. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es describir la contribución anaeróbica de energía en un circuito con cargas. Doce hombres (20-26 años y diecisiete mujeres (18-29 años estudiantes de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte realizaron un entrenamiento en circuito de cargas a 6 intensidades diferentes (entre el 30% y 80% de su 15RM. Durante la totalidad de los circuitos se registró el gasto energético aeróbico por calorimetría indirecta, la frecuencia cardiaca con pulsómetro Polar® y la concentración de lactato en sangre capilar para medir la contribución anaeróbica. El incremento que produjo la energía anaeróbica se situó entre el 5,1% y un máximo del 13,5%, lo que hace evidente que medir o no la contribución anaeróbica en el entrenamiento en circuito puede provocar un error medio del 9,65%. Existen diferencias significativas (PAbstractResistance training is an intense anaerobic glycolytic activity and has been shown that estimates of energy expenditure in this activity turn out into an error that varies between 13 and 30%. The main aim of this paper is to describe the anaerobic energy contribution in circuit weight training. Twelve men (20-26 years and seventeen women (18-29 years students in Science of Physical Activity and Sport performed circuit training at six different intensities (between 30% and 80% of 15RM. During all the circuits aerobic energy expenditure was registered by indirect calorimetry, heart rate with Polar® monitors and lactate concentration in capillary blood to measure the anaerobic contribution. The increased due to anaerobic energy was between 5,1% and a maximum of 13,5%, which clearly means that to measure or not the anaerobic contribution in circuit training can lead to an average

Atomic Energy Research working group a on improvement extension and validation of parametrized FEW-group libraries for WWER-440 and WWER-1000

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Svarny, J.

1998-01-01

The AER Working Groups A and B held its sixth meeting at SKODA JS, Plzen in April 28 and 29, 1998. There were altogether 13 participants from 6 member organizations. The list of participants and the list of papers are attached. (Author)

Environmental and Medical Sciences Division progress report January - December 1975

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnston, J.E.

1976-07-01

The activities of the AERE Environmental and Medical Sciences Division for January to December 1975 are reported under sections entitled: introduction; inhalation toxicology and radionuclide analysis; whole body counting; radiation physics; environmental analysis, atmospheric pollution; medical; chemical analysis group; publications. (U.K.)

CASE HISTORY OF FINE PORE DIFFUSER RETROFIT AT RIDGEWOOD, NEW JERSEY

Science.gov (United States)

In April 1983, the Ridgewood, New Jersey Wastewater Treatment Plant underwent a retrofit from a coarse bubble to a fine pore aeration system. Also, process modification from contact stabilization to tapered aeration occurred. This report presents a case history of plant and aer...

Air bubble-induced detachment of positively and negatively charged polystyrene particles from collector surfaces in a parallel-plate flow chamber

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gomez-Suarez, C; Van der Mei, HC; Busscher, HJ

2000-01-01

Electrostatic interactions between colloidal particles and collector surfaces were found tcr be important in particle detachment as induced by the passage of air bubbles in a parallel-plate Row chamber. Electrostatic interactions between adhering particles and passing air bubbles, however, a-ere

Complete Genome Sequences of Aerococcus christensenii CCUG 28831T, Aerococcus sanguinicola CCUG 43001T, Aerococcus urinae CCUG 36881T, Aerococcus urinaeequi CCUG 28094T, Aerococcus urinaehominis CCUG 42038 BT, and Aerococcus viridans CCUG 4311T

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carkaci, Derya; Dargis, Rimtas; Nielsen, Xiaohui Chen

2016-01-01

Strains belonging to the genus Aerococcus are causative agents of human and animal infections, including urogenital infections, bacteremia/septicemia, and infective endocarditis. This study reports the first fully closed and complete genome sequences of six type strains belonging to the genus Aer...

A Simple Halide-to-Anion Exchange Method for Heteroaromatic Salts and Ionic Liquids

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Neus Mesquida

2012-04-01

Full Text Available A broad and simple method permitted halide ions in quaternary heteroaromatic and ammonium salts to be exchanged for a variety of anions using an anion exchange resin (A− form in non-aqueous media. The anion loading of the AER (OH− form was examined using two different anion sources, acids or ammonium salts, and changing the polarity of the solvents. The AER (A− form method in organic solvents was then applied to several quaternary heteroaromatic salts and ILs, and the anion exchange proceeded in excellent to quantitative yields, concomitantly removing halide impurities. Relying on the hydrophobicity of the targeted ion pair for the counteranion swap, organic solvents with variable polarity were used, such as CH3OH, CH3CN and the dipolar nonhydroxylic solvent mixture CH3CN:CH2Cl2 (3:7 and the anion exchange was equally successful with both lipophilic cations and anions.

Base aérea de Zaragoza

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Editorial, Equipo

1958-03-01

Full Text Available De acuerdo con un plan previsto por la acción gubernamental conjunta entré los Estados Unidos y España, se ha procedido a la modernización, ampliación y reforma de los aeródromos, civil y militar, que se habían construido previamente en Zaragoza, y del nuevo aeródromo de Torrejón. Para la descripción de estas obras y de sus principales características técnicas y funcionales, nos hemos visto ayudados generosamente por el Departamento de la Marina de los Estados Unidos, a través de don Agustín Iglesia, ingeniero afecto a este servicio en España, y por don R. Sellmer, Director de Relaciones Públicas de la conocida empresa constructora Brown-Raymond-Walsh, que constituye un potente grupo de contratistas de reconocido prestigio en los Estados Unidos.

[Virulence markers of Escherichia coli O1 strains].

Science.gov (United States)

Makarova, M A; Kaftyreva, L A; Grigor'eva, N S; Kicha, E V; Lipatova, L A

2011-01-01

To detect virulence genes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli O1 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred and twenty strains of E.coli O1 strains isolated from faeces of patients with acute diarrhea (n = 45) and healthy persons (n = 75) were studied. PCR with primers for rfb and fliC genes, which control synthesis of O- and H- antigens respectively, was used. Fourteen virulence genes (pap, aaf, sfa, afa, eaeA, bfpA, ial, hly, cnf, stx1, stx2, lt, st, and aer) were detected by PCR primers. K1-antigen was determined by Pastorex Meningo B/E. coli O1 kit (Bio-Rad). rfb gene controlling O-antigen synthesis in serogroup O1 as well as fliC gene controlling synthesis of H7 and K1 antigens were detected in all strains. Thus all E. coli strains had antigenic structure O1:K1 :H-:F7. Virulence genes aafl, sfa, afa, eaeA, bfpA, ial, hly, cnf, stx1, stx2, lt, and st were not detected. All strains owned pap and aer genes regardless of the presence of acute diarrhea symptoms. It was shown that E. coli O1:KI:H-:F7 strains do not have virulence genes which are characteristic for diarrhea-causing Escherichia. In accordance with the presence of pap and aer genes they could be attributed to uropathogenic Escherichia (UPEC) or avian-pathogenic Escherichia (APEC). It is necessary to detect virulence factors in order to determine E. coli as a cause of intestinal infection.

Zonas y métodos de entrenamiento de la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria

OpenAIRE

García Pallarés, Jesús

2015-01-01

Propuesta metodológica para el desarrollo de los ritmos y zonas de entrenamiento de la resistencia en función de la posición de los hitos fisiológicos de la vía aeróbica y sus factores limitantes.

Effects of 16 weeks of aerobic, resistance and combination exercise ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Effects of 16 weeks of aerobic, resistance and combination exercise programmes on smoking. ... African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences ... Abstract. Previous research on the cessation of smoking and the prevention of smoking recidivism using exercise training has mainly focused on aerobic training (AER).

Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air (RIOPA). Part I. Collection methods and descriptive analyses.

Science.gov (United States)

Weisel, Clifford P; Zhang, Junfeng; Turpin, Barbara J; Morandi, Maria T; Colome, Steven; Stock, Thomas H; Spektor, Dalia M; Korn, Leo; Winer, Arthur M; Kwon, Jaymin; Meng, Qing Yu; Zhang, Lin; Harrington, Robert; Liu, Weili; Reff, Adam; Lee, Jong Hoon; Alimokhtari, Shahnaz; Mohan, Kishan; Shendell, Derek; Jones, Jennifer; Farrar, L; Maberti, Slivia; Fan, Tina

2005-11-01

This study on the relationships of indoor, outdoor, and personal air (RIOPA) was undertaken to collect data for use in evaluating the contribution of outdoor sources of air toxics and particulate matter (PM) to personal exposure. The study was not designed to obtain a population-based sample, but rather to provide matched indoor, outdoor, and personal concentrations in homes that varied in their proximity to outdoor pollution sources and had a wide range of air exchange rates (AERs). This design allowed examination of relations among indoor, outdoor, and personal concentrations of air toxics and PM across a wide range of environmental conditions; the resulting data set obtained for a wide range of environmental pollutants and AERs can be used to evaluate exposure models. Approximately 100 households with residents who do not smoke participated in each of three cities in distinct locations expected to have different climates and housing characteristics: Elizabeth, New Jersey; Houston, Texas; and Los Angeles County, California. Questionnaires were administered to characterize homes, neighborhoods, and personal activities that might affect exposures. The concentrations of a suite of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyl compounds, as well as the fraction of airborne particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter personal air samples were collected simultaneously. During the same 48-hour period, the AER (exchanges/hr; x hr(-1)) was determined in each home, and carbonyl compounds were measured inside vehicle cabins driven by a subset of the participants. In most of the homes, measurements were made twice, during two different seasons, to obtain a wide distribution of AERs. This report presents in detail the data collection methods, quality control measures, and initial analyses of data distributions and relations among indoor, outdoor, and personal concentrations. The results show that indoor sources dominated personal and indoor air concentrations

Aerobic bacterial microflora of Broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris oral cavity and cloaca, originating from Parque Zoológico Arruda Câmara, Paraíba, Brazil Microflora bacteriana aeróbica da cavidade oral e cloaca de jacaré-de-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris procedentes do Zoológico de João Pessoa, PB, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J.S.A. Silva

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the aerobic bacterial microflora from the oral cavity mucosa and cloaca's samples, collected from Broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris, born and bred in captivity at Parque Zoológico Arruda Câmara, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The most common bacteria were Staphylococcus sp. (14.74%, Corynebacterium sp. (13.68%, Escherichia coli (13.68% and Shigella sp. (11.58%, and the less common were Citrobacter sp. (1.05%, Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.05% and Salmonella sp. (1.05%.This emphasizes the importance of these microorganisms' participation in infectious processes (sepsis and injuries caused by crocodilians.O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar e identificar a microflora bacteriana aeróbica presente na mucosa da cavidade oral e da cloaca de exemplares de jacarés-de-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris nascidos e criados em cativeiro no Parque Zoológico Arruda Câmara, localizado na cidade de João Pessoa - PB. As bactérias mais freqüentes foram Staphylococcus sp. (14,74%, Corynebacterium sp.(13,68%, Escherichia coli (13,68% e Shigella sp. (11,58%, e as menos prevalentes foram Citrobacter sp.(1,05%, Klebsiella pneumoniae (1,05% e Salmonella sp. (1,05%. Ressalta-se a importância da participação desses microrganismos em processos infecciosos (septicemias e em feridas provocadas por crocodilianos.

Radiation enhanced conduction in insulators: computer modelling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fisher, A.J.

1986-10-01

The report describes the implementation of the Klaffky-Rose-Goland-Dienes [Phys. Rev. B.21 3610,1980] model of radiation-enhanced conduction and describes the codes used. The approach is demonstrated for the data for alumina of Pells, Buckley, Hill and Murphy [AERE R.11715, 1985]. (author)

Amiodarone-Associated Optic Neuropathy: A Critical Review

Science.gov (United States)

Passman, Rod S.; Bennett, Charles L.; Purpura, Joseph M.; Kapur, Rashmi; Johnson, Lenworth N.; Raisch, Dennis W.; West, Dennis P.; Edwards, Beatrice J.; Belknap, Steven M.; Liebling, Dustin B.; Fisher, Mathew J.; Samaras, Athena T.; Jones, Lisa-Gaye A.; Tulas, Katrina-Marie E.; McKoy, June M.

2011-01-01

Although amiodarone is the most commonly prescribed antiarrhythmic drug, its use is limited by serious toxicities, including optic neuropathy. Current reports of amiodarone associated optic neuropathy identified from the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FDA-AERS) and published case reports were reviewed. A total of 296 reports were identified: 214 from AERS, 59 from published case reports, and 23 from adverse events reports for patients enrolled in clinical trials. Mean duration of amiodarone therapy before vision loss was 9 months (range 1-84 months). Insidious onset of amiodarone associated optic neuropathy (44%) was the most common presentation, and nearly one-third were asymptomatic. Optic disc edema was present in 85% of cases. Following drug cessation, 58% had improved visual acuity, 21% were unchanged, and 21% had further decreased visual acuity. Legal blindness (< 20/200) was noted in at least one eye in 20% of cases. Close ophthalmologic surveillance of patients during the tenure of amiodarone administration is warranted. PMID:22385784

Efeito do modelo de periodização com cargas seletivas sobre capacidades motoras durante um mesociclo preparatório em jogadores de futsal

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Carlos Rogério Thiengo

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito do modelo de cargas seletivas durante um mesociclo preparatório em jogadores de futsal profissionais. Nove jogadores de futsal (23±2 anos de uma equipe da Federação Paulista de Futebol de Salão compuseram a amostra, caracterizada como intencional. Aptidão aeróbia intermitente, salto horizontal, salto triplo unipodal, velocidade de 15m, agilidade e potência anaeróbia foram avaliadas em dois momentos: microciclo-2 (PRE e microciclo-7 (POS. A análise estatística compreendeu o teste-t de Student e teste Wilxocon (P<0,05. Salto horizontal, aptidão aeróbia intermitente e potência média melhoraram, a velocidade nos 15 m piorou. O modelo de cargas seletivas é uma boa opção de periodização para o mesociclo preparatório no futsal.

[Real-time PCR in rapid diagnosis of Aeromonas hydrophila necrotizing soft tissue infections].

Science.gov (United States)

Kohayagawa, Yoshitaka; Izumi, Yoko; Ushita, Misuzu; Niinou, Norio; Koshizaki, Masayuki; Yamamori, Yuji; Kaneko, Sakae; Fukushima, Hiroshi

2009-11-01

We report a case of rapidly progressive necrotizing soft tissue infection and sepsis followed by a patient's death. We suspected Vibrio vulnificus infection because the patient's underlying disease was cirrhosis and the course extremely rapid. No microbe had been detected at death. We extracted DNA from a blood culture bottle. SYBR green I real-time PCR was conducted but could not detect V. vulnificus vvh in the DNA sample. Aeromonas hydrophila was cultured and identified in blood and necrotized tissue samples. Real-time PCR was conducted to detect A. hydrophila ahh1, AHCYTOEN and aerA in the DNA sample extracted from the blood culture bottle and an isolated necrotized tissue strain, but only ahh1 was positive. High-mortality in necrotizing soft tissue infections makes it is crucial to quickly detect V. vulnificus and A. hydrophila. We found real-time PCR for vvh, ahh1, AHCYTOEN, and aerA useful in detecting V. vulnificus and A. hydrophila in necrotizing soft tissue infections.

Indoor environment in Swedish passive houses

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bekö, Gabriel; Langer, Sarka; Bloom, Erica Bloom

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indoor air quality (IAQ) in newly built low energy houses. Measurements were performed in 22 passive houses and 21 conventional buildings during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 heating seasons. The measured parameters were temperature, relative humidity......, concentration of CO2, NO2, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, and live microbiological flora. Air exchange rates (AER) were determined from the concentration-time profiles of CO2. The median AER was slightly higher in the passive houses than in conventional buildings (0.66 h-1 vs. 0.60 h-1). The median...... concentrations in passive houses and conventional buildings were 9.7 and 11 μg/m3, respectively, for NO2, 12 and 16 μg/m3 for formaldehyde, and 230 and 145 μg/m3 for TVOC. The indoor microbiological flora did not differ, with a few exceptions, from outdoors. The IAQ in the passive buildings was judged...

Indoor air quality in passive and conventional new houses in Sweden

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Langer, Sarka; Bekö, Gabriel; Bloom, Erica

2015-01-01

The indoor environment was evaluated in 20 new passive houses and 21 new conventionally built houses during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 heating seasons. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), the concentrations of NO2, ozone, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and viable microbiological...... flora were measured. Air exchange rates (AER) were estimated from the CO2 concentrations measured in the bedrooms. The median AER was slightly higher in the passive houses than in the conventional ones (0.68h-1 vs. 0.60h-1). The median concentrations in the passive and the conventional buildings were 10...... and 12μg/m3 for NO2, 9.7 and 11μg/m3 for ozone, 11 and 16μg/m3 for formaldehyde, and 270 and 150μg/m3 for TVOC, respectively. Significant differences in the TVOC and formaldehyde concentrations between the two groups of buildings indicated substantial sources of TVOC present in the passive houses, while...

Fracture toughness of A533B Part III - variability of A533B fracture toughness as determined from Charpy data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Druce, S.G.; Eyre, B.L.

1978-08-01

This is the final part of a series of three reports examining the upper shelf fracture toughness of A533B Class 1 pressure vessel steel. Part I (AERE R 8968) critically reviews the current elasto plastic fracture mechanics methodologies employed to characterise toughness following extensive yielding and Part II (AERE R 8969) examines several sources of fracture mechanics data pertinent to A533B Class 1 in the longitudinal (RW) orientation. Part III is a review of the effects of (i) position and orientation within the plate (ii) welding processes and post weld heat treatment and (iii) neutron irradiation as measured by Charpy impact testing. It is concluded that the upper shelf factor energy is dependent on orientation and position and can be reduced by welding, extended post weld heat treatments and neutron irradiation. Neutron irradiation effects are known to be strongly dependent on composition and metallurgical conditions, but an explanation for the variability following extended post weld treatments has yet to be resolved. (author)

Extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet light in the fungal pathogen causing white-nose syndrome of bats.

Science.gov (United States)

Palmer, Jonathan M; Drees, Kevin P; Foster, Jeffrey T; Lindner, Daniel L

2018-01-02

Bat white-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has decimated North American hibernating bats since its emergence in 2006. Here, we utilize comparative genomics to examine the evolutionary history of this pathogen in comparison to six closely related nonpathogenic species. P. destructans displays a large reduction in carbohydrate-utilizing enzymes (CAZymes) and in the predicted secretome (~50%), and an increase in lineage-specific genes. The pathogen has lost a key enzyme, UVE1, in the alternate excision repair (AER) pathway, which is known to contribute to repair of DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet (UV) light. Consistent with a nonfunctional AER pathway, P. destructans is extremely sensitive to UV light, as well as the DNA alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The differential susceptibility of P. destructans to UV light in comparison to other hibernacula-inhabiting fungi represents a potential "Achilles' heel" of P. destructans that might be exploited for treatment of bats with WNS.

ASPECTOS DIFERENCIALES EN LA IMAGEN CORPORAL Y LA AUTODESCRIPCIÓN DE LA FORMA FÍSICA EN MUJERES SEDENTARIAS VS. MUJERES ACTIVAS DEPORTIVAMENTE

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F. Arbinaga Ibarzábal

2010-10-01

Full Text Available

Se analizan las relaciones entre imagen corporal y autodescripción física en mujeres que practican danza aeróbica de forma amateur frente a un grupo de mujeres sedentarias.
La muestra se compuso de 112 mujeres activas deportivamente y 51 mujeres sedentarias.
Los resultados al “Body Shape Questionnaire” (B.S.Q indican que no se presentan diferencias significativas entre las mujeres sedentarias y las mujeres activas. Del conjunto de la muestra, el 18,4% de las mujeres presentaría problemas con la imagen corporal; siendo en las sedentarias el 19,6% y en las activas el 17,9%. Al valorar los resultados en el “Physical Self-Description Questionnaire” (P.S.D.Q, las mujeres sedentarias puntúan por debajo de las activas en todos los factores salvo en el de fuerza.
Palabras Clave: imagen corporal, forma física, aeróbic, mujer, sedentarias.

Determination of 99Tc in fresh water using TRU resin by ICP-MS.

Science.gov (United States)

Guérin, Nicolas; Riopel, Remi; Kramer-Tremblay, Sheila; de Silva, Nimal; Cornett, Jack; Dai, Xiongxin

2017-10-02

Technetium-99 ( 99 Tc) determination at trace level by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is challenging because there is no readily available appropriate Tc isotopic tracer. A new method using Re as a recovery tracer to determine 99 Tc in fresh water samples, which does not require any evaporation step, was developed. Tc(VII) and Re(VII) were pre-concentrated on a small anion exchange resin (AER) cartridge from one litre of water sample. They were then efficiently eluted from the AER using a potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) solution. After the reduction of KMnO 4 in 2 M sulfuric acid solution, the sample was passed through a small TRU resin cartridge. Tc(VII) and Re(VII) retained on the TRU resin were eluted using near boiling water, which can be directly used for the ICP-MS measurement. The results for method optimisation, validation and application were reported. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Neocolonialism and Health Care Access among Marshall Islanders in the United States.

Science.gov (United States)

Duke, Michael R

2017-09-01

In the Marshall Islands, a history of extensive nuclear weapons testing and covert biomedical research, coupled with the U.S.'s ongoing military presence in the country, has severely compromised the health of the local population. Despite the U.S.'s culpability in producing ill health along with high rates of emigration from the islands to the mainland United States, the large portion of Marshallese who reside in the United States face substantial barriers to accessing health care. Drawing from ongoing field research with a Marshallese community in Arkansas, this article explores the multifaceted impediments that U.S.-based Marshall Islanders face in receiving medical treatment. Calling on an expansive and inclusive notion of neocolonialism, I argue that Marshallese structural vulnerability with regard to health and health care treatment derives from their status as neocolonial subjects and from their limited claims to health-related deservingness associated with this status. [Marshall Islanders, health care access, neocolonialism, radiation exposure, immigrant health] L̗ōmn̗ak ko rōttin̗o: Ilo M̗ajel̗, juon bwebwenato kōn kōmmālmel im nuclear baam̗ ko im ekkatak ko rōttin̗o̗ kōn wāwein an baijin ko jelōt armej, barāinwōt an to an ri tarinae ro an Amedka pād ilo aelōn̄ kein, em̗ōj an jelōt ājmour an armej ro ilo aelōn̄ kein. Men̄e alikkar bwe Amedka in ear jino nan̄inmej kein im ej un eo armej rein rej em̗m̗akūt jān āne kein āne er n̄an ioon Amedka, elōn̄ iaan ri M̗ajel̗ rein rej jelm̗ae elōn̄ apan̄ ko n̄an aer del̗o̗n̄e jikin ājmour ko. Jān ekkatak eo ej bōk jikin kiō, jerbal in ej etali kabōjrak rak kein rōlōn̄ im armej in M̗ajel̗ ro ioon Amedka in rej jelm̗ae ilo aer jibadōk lo̗k jikin taktō. Ilo an kar Amedka jibadōk juon jea eo eutiej imejān lal̗ in, ij kwal̗ok juon aō akweelel bwe apan̄ ko an armej in M̗ajel̗ ikijjeen ājmour im jikin taktō ej itok jān aer kar ri kōm̗akoko ilo an kar

Critical speed as a predictor of aerobic performance in children

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Wagner de Campos

2007-03-01

Full Text Available To compare times achieved in a 1,600m rural road run with the times predicted from critical speed, in additionto verify any association between critical speed and VO2max with the aerobic performance (1,600m time of children. The sample consisted of 25 boys and 39 girls, aged 9 to 11 years. Their critical speeds were determined using the work versus time model, performed in the 200m and 800m maximum runs. The value of VO2max was measured using a 20-meter shuttlerun test. Endurance performance was determinate from the time obtained in a rural 1,600m road run. Statistical proceduresused were descriptive analyses, Student’s t test and Pearson’s moment correlation, with signifi cance level set at p RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo comparar o tempo obtido na prova de 1.600m com o tempo predito pela velocidade crítica, bem como verifi car a associação da velocidade crítica e da potência aeróbia (VO2máx com o desempenho aeróbio (tempo 1.600m em crianças. A amostra foi composta de 25 meninos e 39 meninas, com faixa etária entre 9 a 11 anos, classifi cadas nos estágios de maturação sexual 1 e 2 de Tanner. A velocidade crítica foi obtida pelo modelo de avaliação trabalho versus tempo, na realização de dois tiros máximos de 200m e 800m. O VO2máx foi obtido através do teste de vai-vem de 20m. O desempenho aeróbio foi obtido através do tempo de percurso em uma prova rústica de 1.600m. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, teste “t” student e a correlação de Pearson, adotando p<0,05. Em ambos os grupos, odesempenho obtido na prova de 1.600m foi significativamente menor que o desempenho predito pela velocidade crítica (masculino: 8,43 ± 0,78 min versus 10,16 ± 1,37 min; feminino: 9,09 ± 0,75 min versus 10,30 ± 1,09 min (p= 0,0001.Observaram-se correlações inversamente significativas entre a velocidade crítica e o desempenho aeróbio nos grupos masculino e feminino (r= -0,52 e r= -0,70, respectivamente, e entre o VO2m

Efeito do treinamento físico na pressão arterial de adolescentes com obesidade Efecto del entrenamiento físico en la presión arterial de adolescentes con obesidad Effect of physical training on the blood pressure of adolescents with obesity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Breno Quintella Farah

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, os efeitos do treinamento físico sobre a pressão arterial em adolescentes com obesidade. FONTES DE DADOS: Recorreu-se à revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados que analisaram o efeito do treinamento físico sobre a pressão arterial de adolescentes obesos, publicados em periódicos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e ISI Web of KnowledgeSM. Foram incluídos os estudos que avaliaram adolescentes publicados até 2010, e que possuíam Grupo Controle. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Oito estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Dois deles utilizaram exercícios de força combinados com aeróbios, enquanto seis empregaram apenas os aeróbios. Cinco estudos utilizaram intervenções complementares, sendo a nutricional a mais frequente. Quatro estudos observaram redução da pressão arterial sistólica no Grupo Exercício comparado ao Controle. Nesses quatro estudos, além da redução da pressão arterial, notou-se diminuição da massa corpórea. Todos aqueles que verificaram redução da pressão arterial utilizaram 12 a 24 semanas de exercícios aeróbios, três a seis sessões semanais, com duração de 50 a 90 minutos e intensidade entre 55 e 75% da frequência cardíaca máxima. CONCLUSÕES: O efeito do treinamento físico na pressão arterial de adolescentes obesos é controverso. A redução da pressão arterial parece ocorrer com programas de treinamento aeróbios que promovam também a redução da massa corpórea.OBJETIVO: Describir, mediante una revisión sistemática, los efectos del entrenamiento físico sobre la presión arterial en adolescentes con obesidad. FUENTES DE DATOS: Se recurrió a la revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorios que analizaron el efecto del entrenamiento físico sobre la presión arterial de adolescentes obesos, publicados en periódicos indexados en las bases de datos PubMed/MedLine, LILACS, SciELO e

Hipotensão pós-exercício em indivíduos hipertensos: uma revisão Hipotensión post-ejercicio en individuos hipertensos: una revisión A review on post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive individuals

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Paulo Gomes Anunciação

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Após uma sessão de exercícios físicos, pode ocorrer hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE. Esse efeito possui elevada relevância clínica em hipertensos. Embora a literatura reporte vários estudos sobre o tema, ainda falta uma análise sobre o estado da arte, considerando-se os diferentes tipos de exercícios. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, por meio de uma revisão na literatura, a relação entre o exercício aeróbio e o resistido na HPE em hipertensos. Para tanto, realizaram-se buscas nas bases Scielo e Medline, considerando os estudos em inglês e a amostra de humanos adultos hipertensos os principais critérios de inclusão. Foram encontrados 126 estudos. Porém, fizeram parte das análises 32 artigos, dos quais cinco envolveram o exercício resistido, e 27, o exercício aeróbio. Sobre o exercício resistido, embora os estudos utilizassem modelos diferentes de prescrição, houve HPE principalmente no ambiente laboratorial. Após o exercício aeróbio, observou-se HPE por maiores períodos de tempo. Contudo, ocorrem conflitos sobre a melhor intensidade e duração para a prescrição dessa atividade. Portanto, aparentemente, ocorrem maiores reduções na pressão arterial após o exercício aeróbio em comparação com o exercício resistido em hipertensos. Não obstante, para maiores conclusões, são necessários estudos que acompanhem a pressão arterial de forma ambulatorial.Después de una sesión de ejercicios físicos, puede ocurrir hipotensión post-ejercicio (HPE. Ese efecto posee una elevada relevancia clínica en los hipertensos. Aunque la literatura reporte varios estudios sobre el tema, todavía nos queda realizar un análisis más profundo teniendo en cuenta los diferentes tipos de ejercicios.Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar, por medio de una revisión en la literatura, la relación entre el ejercicio aeróbico y el resistido en la HPE en hipertensos. Para eso se realizaron búsquedas en

Evaluation of oxidative stress in mice subjected to aerobic exercise Avaliação do estresse oxidativo em camundongos submetidos ao exercício físico aeróbico

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Mônica Cruvinel de Lima

2012-08-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of aerobic exercise on oxidative stress in mice. METHODS: The study included twenty female mice Mus musculus-Swiss divided into two groups: sedentary control (GA and exercise (GB, each containing ten animals. All animals underwent an adaptation period of seven days isolated in individual boxes. After this period, the animals in the exercise group (GB were trained in angled running wheel with circumference of 25 cm assembled on an articulated axle during five minutes for three consecutive days. On the fourth day, they underwent an exercise program of one session lasting 45 minutes. The evaluation of oxidative stress was performed by determining the levels of malondialhyde derived of lipid peroxidation by the TBA method. The samples were read in a spectrophotometer at 535 nm. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the intergroup comparison of MDA levels in the tissues evaluated. A significant difference was observed in the intragroup comparison of MDA levels in the control group (p = 0.0201.The Tukeys' post hoc test indicated significantly lower values of MDA in the smooth muscle in relation to plasma. In the analysis of variance in the exercise group, a significant difference between tissues (p = 0.0009, with significantly lower values in the smooth muscle in relation to plasma (pOBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do exercício físico aeróbico sobre o estresse oxidativo em camundongos. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 20 camundongos (Swiss, distribuídos em dois grupos: controle-sedentário (GA e exercício (GB cada um contendo dez animais. Todos os animais passaram por um período de adaptação de sete dias. Após os animais do grupo (GB receberam treinamento em roda giratória angulada montada sobre eixo articulado por cinco minutos durante três dias consecutivos. No quarto dia foram submetidos à única sessão de exercício por 45 minutos. A avaliação do estresse oxidativo foi realizada por

Fuel consumption from vehicles of China until 2030 in energy scenarios

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Qingyu; Tian Weili; Zheng Yingyue; Zhang Lili

2010-01-01

Estimation of fuel (gasoline and diesel) consumption for vehicles in China under different long-term energy policy scenarios is presented here. The fuel economy of different vehicle types is subject to variation of government regulations; hence the fuel consumption of passenger cars (PCs), light trucks (Lts), heavy trucks (Hts), buses and motor cycles (MCs) are calculated with respect to (i) the number of vehicles, (ii) distance traveled, and (iii) fuel economy. On the other hand, the consumption rate of alternative energy sources (i.e. ethanol, methanol, biomass-diesel and CNG) is not evaluated here. The number of vehicles is evaluated using the economic elastic coefficient method, relating to per capita gross domestic product (GDP) from 1997 to 2007. The Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) system software is employed to develop a simple model to project fuel consumption in China until 2030 under these scenarios. Three energy consumption decrease scenarios are designed to estimate the reduction of fuel consumption: (i) 'business as usual' (BAU); (ii) 'advanced fuel economy' (AFE); and (iii) 'alternative energy replacement' (AER). It is shown that fuel consumption is predicted to reach 992.28 Mtoe (million tons oil equivalent) with the BAU scenario by 2030. In the AFE and AER scenarios, fuel consumption is predicted to be 734.68 and 600.36 Mtoe, respectively, by 2030. In the AER scenario, fuel consumption in 2030 will be reduced by 391.92 (39.50%) and 134.29 (18.28%) Mtoe in comparison to the BAU and AFE scenarios, respectively. In conclusion, our models indicate that the energy conservation policies introduced by governmental institutions are potentially viable, as long as they are effectively implemented.

Secondary organic aerosol formation by limonene ozonolysis: Parameterizing multi-generational chemistry in ozone- and residence time-limited indoor environments

Science.gov (United States)

Waring, Michael S.

2016-11-01

Terpene ozonolysis reactions can be a strong source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) indoors. SOA formation can be parameterized and predicted using the aerosol mass fraction (AMF), also known as the SOA yield, which quantifies the mass ratio of generated SOA to oxidized terpene. Limonene is a monoterpene that is at sufficient concentrations such that it reacts meaningfully with ozone indoors. It has two unsaturated bonds, and the magnitude of the limonene ozonolysis AMF varies by a factor of ∼4 depending on whether one or both of its unsaturated bonds are ozonated, which depends on whether ozone is in excess compared to limonene as well as the available time for reactions indoors. Hence, this study developed a framework to predict the limonene AMF as a function of the ozone [O3] and limonene [lim] concentrations and the air exchange rate (AER, h-1), which is the inverse of the residence time. Empirical AMF data were used to calculate a mixing coefficient, β, that would yield a 'resultant AMF' as the combination of the AMFs due to ozonolysis of one or both of limonene's unsaturated bonds, within the volatility basis set (VBS) organic aerosol framework. Then, β was regressed against predictors of log10([O3]/[lim]) and AER (R2 = 0.74). The β increased as the log10([O3]/[lim]) increased and as AER decreased, having the physical meaning of driving the resultant AMF to the upper AMF condition when both unsaturated bonds of limonene are ozonated. Modeling demonstrates that using the correct resultant AMF to simulate SOA formation owing to limonene ozonolysis is crucial for accurate indoor prediction.

Atypical antipsychotic drugs and diabetes mellitus in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event database: a systematic Bayesian signal detection analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Baker, Ross A; Pikalov, Andrei; Tran, Quynh-Van; Kremenets, Tatyana; Arani, Ramin B; Doraiswamy, P Murali

2009-01-01

Prior literature suggests that the risk of diabetes-related adverse events (DRAEs) differs between atypical antipsychotics. The present study evaluated the potential association between atypical antipsychotics or haloperidol and diabetes using data from the FDA AERS database. Analysis of AERS data was conducted for clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole or haloperidol with 24 DRAEs from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities using a Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS) data-mining algorithm. Using MGPS, adjusted reporting ratios (Empiric Bayes Geometric Mean or EBGM) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs; EB05-EB95) were calculated to estimate the degree of drug-event association relative to all drugs and events. Logistic regression odds ratios and 90% CIs (LR05-LR95) were calculated for diabetes mellitus events. All six atypicals had an EB05 >/= 2 for at least one DRAE. The most common event was diabetes mellitus (2,784 cases). Adjusted reporting ratios (CIs) for diabetes mellitus were: olanzapine 9.6 (9.2-10.0; 1306 cases); risperidone 3.8 (3.5-4.1; 447 cases); quetiapine 3.5 (3.2-3.9; 283 cases); clozapine 3.1 (2.9-3.3; 464 cases); ziprasidone 2.4 (2.0-2.9; 74 cases); aripiprazole 2.4 (1.9-2.9; 71 cases); haloperidol 2.0 (1.7-2.3; 139 cases). Logistic regression odds ratios agreed with adjusted reporting ratios. In the AERS database, lower associations with DRAEs were seen for haloperidol, aripiprazole and ziprasidone, and higher associations were seen for olanzapine, risperidone, clozapine and quetiapine. Our findings support differential risk of diabetes across atypical antipsychotics, reinforcing the need for metabolic monitoring of patients taking antipsychotics.

MODULAÇÃO AUTONÔMICA DA FREQUÊNCIA CARDÍACA E CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL AERÓBICA EM HEMIPARÉTICOS

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Mônica Furquim de Campos

Full Text Available RESUMO Introdução: Tem sido observado que indivíduos acometidos por acidente vascular encefálico (AVE apresentam, além dos danos físicos, diminuição da capacidade aeróbica e alteração da modulação autonômica da frequência cardíaca, sendo estes importantes fatores para o aparecimento de doenças cardíacas e arritmias. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos crônicos do AVE sobre a capacidade aeróbica (VO2pico e os índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC, e se existe correlação entre essas duas variáveis. Métodos: Foram avaliados 11 indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade entre 55 e 65 anos, acometidos por lesão cerebrovascular há pelo menos seis meses, e todos com hemiparesia. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: teste de capacidade aeróbica máxima; registro dos intervalos R-R e cálculo dos índices da VFC (RMSSD, pNN50, AF, BF e a razão BF/AF. Para comparação entre VO2pico previsto e obtido utilizou-se o teste t de Student não pareado. Para testar a hipótese de correlação entre os índices de VFC e o VO2pico utilizou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: VO2pico (mL.kg-1.min-1 previsto e obtido, respectivamente = 32,15 ± 1,87 e 16,12 ± 5,51; índices da VFC: RMSSD (ms = 28,69 ± 26,78; pNN50 (% = 8,76 ± 12,62; AF (u.n. = 51,96 ± 22,4; BF (u.n. = 48,04 ± 22,49. O VO2pico correlacionou-se negativamente com os índices RMSSD, pNN50 e AF e positivamente com o índice BF (p < 0,05. Conclusão: Na fase crônica do AVE, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca encontra-se normal e os indivíduos com menor capacidade aeróbica apresentam maior modulação parassimpática e menor simpática, provavelmente em consequência da maior exigência física nas atividades de vida diária.

Effects of aerobic and resistance training of long duration on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in rats

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C.M.S. Silva

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Objective: To determine possible changes in serum concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of eutrophic rats subjected to aerobic or resistance physical training. Methods: This study examined serum concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-1-β in rats that performed aerobic or resistance training for 16 weeks. Thirty-five Wistar rats (male adult were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG, Aerobic Group (AG and Resistance Group (RG. Rats were sacrificed 48 h after the final training session. Serum concentrations of cytokines were analysed by ELISA. Results: TNF-α levels were higher in the RG, followed by the AG and CG groups (p < 0.001. IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.097 and p = 0.17, respectively. The levels of IL6 and IL1-β were higher in AG compared to RG and CG (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.003, respectively. In general, our results indicate a higher pro-inflammatory profile in AG and probably RG animals. Conclusion: Further studies are required in order to better clarify the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, future studies should address the metabolic and molecular pathways involved in these responses. Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar posibles cambios en las concentraciones séricas de citoquinas pro y antiinflamatorias de ratas eutróficas sometidas a entrenamiento físico aérobico y de resistencia. Método: Se examinaron las concentraciones séricas de TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 e IL-1-β en ratas sometidas a entrenamiento aeróbico o de resistencia de 16 semanas de duración. Treinta y cinco ratas Wistar (macho adulto fueron divididas en 3 grupos: Grupo Control (GC, Grupo Aeróbico (GA y Grupo Resistencia (GR. Las ratas se sacrificaron 48 horas después de la sesión de entrenamiento final. Las concentraciones s

Tumours and imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pokieser, H.; Imhof, H.; Wittich, G.

1986-01-01

This book is the proceedings of the AER-symposium 1986, held in Vienna, Austria, dealing with all aspects of medical imaging of tumors. The papers are given in English, German or French, all papers have abstracts in all three languages. Some papers are given in summary form only. (A.N.)

Respiratory outcomes following 100 mg/kg v. 200 mg/kg of poractant ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In keeping with current evidence, the initial dose of poractant alpha was increased from 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg. e outcomes of newborns requiring treatment with surfactant before and aer this change were reviewed. Methods. Electronic clinical records were reviewed of infants admitted to ACH who received surfactant ...

"Need to Know" Versus "Spread the Word": Collective Action in the Multi-Player Electronic Mail Game

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Jaegher, K.

2008-01-01

As shown by Rubinstein (1989, AER), in the two-player electronic mail game, players are better off if the extent to which they can check each other’s information, check each other’s information about each other’s information, etc., is limited. This paper investigates to what extent this result

PLOTGEOMX: a program for display of a neutron target assembly by means of a GHOST plotting system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clarke, J.H.

1978-02-01

The program PLOTGEOM has been modified to work on the A.E.R.E., Harwell IBM 370-167 computer using the GHOST graphics package. The control data routine has been altered to permit free format input and the program has been compiled and stored using the extended-H FORTRAN optimising compiler. (author)

Defect modelling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Norgett, M.J.

1980-01-01

Calculations, drawing principally on developments at AERE Harwell, of the relaxation about lattice defects are reviewed with emphasis on the techniques required for such calculations. The principles of defect modelling are outlined and various programs developed for defect simulations are discussed. Particular calculations for metals, ionic crystals and oxides, are considered. (UK)

DLX5, FGF8 and the Pin1 isomerase control ΔNp63α protein stability during limb development: a regulatory loop at the basis of the SHFM and EEC congenital malformations

Science.gov (United States)

Restelli, Michela; Lopardo, Teresa; Lo Iacono, Nadia; Garaffo, Giulia; Conte, Daniele; Rustighi, Alessandra; Napoli, Marco; Del Sal, Giannino; Perez-Morga, David; Costanzo, Antonio; Merlo, Giorgio Roberto; Guerrini, Luisa

2014-01-01

Ectrodactyly, or Split-Hand/Foot Malformation (SHFM), is a congenital condition characterized by the loss of central rays of hands and feet. The p63 and the DLX5;DLX6 transcription factors, expressed in the embryonic limb buds and ectoderm, are disease genes for these conditions. Mutations of p63 also cause the ectodermal dysplasia–ectrodactyly–cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome, comprising SHFM. Ectrodactyly is linked to defects of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the developing limb buds. FGF8 is the key signaling molecule in this process, able to direct proximo-distal growth and patterning of the skeletal primordial of the limbs. In the limb buds of both p63 and Dlx5;Dlx6 murine models of SHFM, the AER is poorly stratified and FGF8 expression is severely reduced. We show here that the FGF8 locus is a downstream target of DLX5 and that FGF8 counteracts Pin1–ΔNp63α interaction. In vivo, lack of Pin1 leads to accumulation of the p63 protein in the embryonic limbs and ectoderm. We show also that ΔNp63α protein stability is negatively regulated by the interaction with the prolyl-isomerase Pin1, via proteasome-mediated degradation; p63 mutant proteins associated with SHFM or EEC syndromes are resistant to Pin1 action. Thus, DLX5, p63, Pin1 and FGF8 participate to the same time- and location-restricted regulatory loop essential for AER stratification, hence for normal patterning and skeletal morphogenesis of the limb buds. These results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms at the basis of the SHFM and EEC limb malformations. PMID:24569166

Comparative molecular pathology of cadmium- and all-trans-retinoic acid-induced postaxial forelimb ectrodactyly

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liao Xiaoyan; Lee, Grace S.; Shimizu, Hirohito; Collins, Michael D.

2007-01-01

Cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) and all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) induce postaxial forelimb ectrodactyly in C57BL/6N mice when administered during early limb development, and co-administration yields a synergistic response suggesting a common final pathway to the defect. In the current study, forelimb buds from embryos given high maternal teratogenic doses of CdCl 2 or RA, or the combination of both agents at low doses were collected at various time points after treatment on GD 9.5 and examined for cellular apoptosis, proliferation, and patterning genes. Some cellular perturbations detected in the developing limb bud were similar for both teratogens, whereas other alterations were unique to each agent. For example, at 12 and 18 h, CdCl 2 treatment increased apoptotic cells in the mesenchyme underneath the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), whereas RA caused apoptosis in the AER and proximal mesenchyme. Further, the combined low-dose treatment increased cell death synergistically in all three regions. CdCl 2 and the low-dose combined treatment inhibited mesenchymal proliferation at 12 h, which was associated with induction of p21 cip1 and inhibition of phospho-c-Jun. In contrast, RA did not inhibit mesenchymal proliferation and did not induce p21 cip1 expression or change c-Jun phosphorylation. All three treatment groups showed a delay in the patterning of distal chondrogenesis centers as indicated by Sox9 expression. There was also common inhibition in the expression of AER markers, Fgf8 and Fgf4, and the mesenchymal marker Msx1 involved in the maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Collectively, a model is hypothesized where limb patterning can be perturbed by insults to both ectoderm and mesoderm

High-quality endoscope reprocessing decreases endoscope contamination.

Science.gov (United States)

Decristoforo, P; Kaltseis, J; Fritz, A; Edlinger, M; Posch, W; Wilflingseder, D; Lass-Flörl, C; Orth-Höller, D

2018-02-24

Several outbreaks of severe infections due to contamination of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopes, mainly duodenoscopes, have been described. The rate of microbial endoscope contamination varies dramatically in literature. The aim of this multicentre prospective study was to evaluate the hygiene quality of endoscopes and automated endoscope reprocessors (AERs) in Tyrol/Austria. In 2015 and 2016, a total of 463 GI endoscopes and 105 AERs from 29 endoscopy centres were analysed by a routine (R) and a combined routine and advanced (CRA) sampling procedure and investigated for microbial contamination by culture-based and molecular-based analyses. The contamination rate of GI endoscopes was 1.3%-4.6% according to the national guideline, suggesting that 1.3-4.6 patients out of 100 could have had contacts with hygiene-relevant microorganisms through an endoscopic intervention. Comparison of R and CRA sampling showed 1.8% of R versus 4.6% of CRA failing the acceptance criteria in phase I and 1.3% of R versus 3.0% of CRA samples failing in phase II. The most commonly identified indicator organism was Pseudomonas spp., mainly Pseudomonas oleovorans. None of the tested viruses were detected in 40 samples. While AERs in phase I failed (n = 9, 17.6%) mainly due to technical faults, phase II revealed lapses (n = 6, 11.5%) only on account of microbial contamination of the last rinsing water, mainly with Pseudomonas spp. In the present study the contamination rate of endoscopes was low compared with results from other European countries, possibly due to the high quality of endoscope reprocessing, drying and storage. Copyright © 2018 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Deposition of aqueous aerosol of technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid generated and delivered by a novel system (AERx) in healthy subjects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chan, H.K.; Eberl, S.; Bautovich, G.

1999-01-01

Deposition of technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid aqueous radioaerosols generated by a novel aerosol delivery system (AER x ) was studied in six healthy subjects using both planar and single-photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging. AER x is a microprocessor-controlled, bolus inhalation device that is actuated at pre-programmed values of inspiratory flow rate and volume. The aims of the study were to determine the effects of posture and inhaled volume upon deposition of the aerosol in the lungs. Each subject inhaled the radioaerosol in two positions (supine vs sitting) and with two inspiratory manoeuvres [vital capacity (VC) vs ''fixed volume'' of 1 l above functional residual capacity]. Simultaneous transmission-emission planar and tomographic images were acquired. The results showed diffuse deposition of the aerosol in the lung. Neither the breathing manoeuvre nor the posture was found to affect the distribution of the aerosol as measured by the ratio of the activity (counts per pixel) in the peripheral:central (penetration index, PI) or in the apex:base regions of the planar lung images (P>0.1). A small, albeit statistically significant, difference in PI (P x system showed high efficiency of delivery, with approximately 50% of the extruded dose in the device depositing in the lung. The uniformity of radioactivity distributed throughout the lung is attributed to the fine particle size (mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2 μm) of the aerosol and the electronic control of aerosol inhalation by the device. In conclusion, the AER x system can be ideal for diffuse aerosol deposition of therapeutic or diagnostic agents and is largely unaffected by inhaled volume and posture. The efficiency of the device device can limit the total radiation exposure of patients and staff administering the radioaerosols, and can make it suitable for delivery of expensive drugs. (orig.)

BMP-Mediated Functional Cooperation between Dlx5;Dlx6 and Msx1;Msx2 during Mammalian Limb Development

Science.gov (United States)

Vieux-Rochas, Maxence; Bouhali, Kamal; Mantero, Stefano; Garaffo, Giulia; Provero, Paolo; Astigiano, Simonetta; Barbieri, Ottavia; Caratozzolo, Mariano F.; Tullo, Apollonia; Guerrini, Luisa; Lallemand, Yvan; Robert, Benoît

2013-01-01

The Dlx and Msx homeodomain transcription factors play important roles in the control of limb development. The combined disruption of Msx1 and Msx2, as well as that of Dlx5 and Dlx6, lead to limb patterning defects with anomalies in digit number and shape. Msx1;Msx2 double mutants are characterized by the loss of derivatives of the anterior limb mesoderm which is not observed in either of the simple mutants. Dlx5;Dlx6 double mutants exhibit hindlimb ectrodactyly. While the morphogenetic action of Msx genes seems to involve the BMP molecules, the mode of action of Dlx genes still remains elusive. Here, examining the limb phenotypes of combined Dlx and Msx mutants we reveal a new Dlx-Msx regulatory loop directly involving BMPs. In Msx1;Dlx5;Dlx6 triple mutant mice (TKO), beside the expected ectrodactyly, we also observe the hallmark morphological anomalies of Msx1;Msx2 double mutants suggesting an epistatic role of Dlx5 and Dlx6 over Msx2. In Msx2;Dlx5;Dlx6 TKO mice we only observe an aggravation of the ectrodactyly defect without changes in the number of the individual components of the limb. Using a combination of qPCR, ChIP and bioinformatic analyses, we identify two Dlx/Msx regulatory pathways: 1) in the anterior limb mesoderm a non-cell autonomous Msx-Dlx regulatory loop involves BMP molecules through the AER and 2) in AER cells and, at later stages, in the limb mesoderm the regulation of Msx2 by Dlx5 and Dlx6 occurs also cell autonomously. These data bring new elements to decipher the complex AER-mesoderm dialogue that takes place during limb development and provide clues to understanding the etiology of congenital limb malformations. PMID:23382810

BMP-mediated functional cooperation between Dlx5;Dlx6 and Msx1;Msx2 during mammalian limb development.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maxence Vieux-Rochas

Full Text Available The Dlx and Msx homeodomain transcription factors play important roles in the control of limb development. The combined disruption of Msx1 and Msx2, as well as that of Dlx5 and Dlx6, lead to limb patterning defects with anomalies in digit number and shape. Msx1;Msx2 double mutants are characterized by the loss of derivatives of the anterior limb mesoderm which is not observed in either of the simple mutants. Dlx5;Dlx6 double mutants exhibit hindlimb ectrodactyly. While the morphogenetic action of Msx genes seems to involve the BMP molecules, the mode of action of Dlx genes still remains elusive. Here, examining the limb phenotypes of combined Dlx and Msx mutants we reveal a new Dlx-Msx regulatory loop directly involving BMPs. In Msx1;Dlx5;Dlx6 triple mutant mice (TKO, beside the expected ectrodactyly, we also observe the hallmark morphological anomalies of Msx1;Msx2 double mutants suggesting an epistatic role of Dlx5 and Dlx6 over Msx2. In Msx2;Dlx5;Dlx6 TKO mice we only observe an aggravation of the ectrodactyly defect without changes in the number of the individual components of the limb. Using a combination of qPCR, ChIP and bioinformatic analyses, we identify two Dlx/Msx regulatory pathways: 1 in the anterior limb mesoderm a non-cell autonomous Msx-Dlx regulatory loop involves BMP molecules through the AER and 2 in AER cells and, at later stages, in the limb mesoderm the regulation of Msx2 by Dlx5 and Dlx6 occurs also cell autonomously. These data bring new elements to decipher the complex AER-mesoderm dialogue that takes place during limb development and provide clues to understanding the etiology of congenital limb malformations.

BMP-mediated functional cooperation between Dlx5;Dlx6 and Msx1;Msx2 during mammalian limb development.

Science.gov (United States)

Vieux-Rochas, Maxence; Bouhali, Kamal; Mantero, Stefano; Garaffo, Giulia; Provero, Paolo; Astigiano, Simonetta; Barbieri, Ottavia; Caratozzolo, Mariano F; Tullo, Apollonia; Guerrini, Luisa; Lallemand, Yvan; Robert, Benoît; Levi, Giovanni; Merlo, Giorgio R

2013-01-01

The Dlx and Msx homeodomain transcription factors play important roles in the control of limb development. The combined disruption of Msx1 and Msx2, as well as that of Dlx5 and Dlx6, lead to limb patterning defects with anomalies in digit number and shape. Msx1;Msx2 double mutants are characterized by the loss of derivatives of the anterior limb mesoderm which is not observed in either of the simple mutants. Dlx5;Dlx6 double mutants exhibit hindlimb ectrodactyly. While the morphogenetic action of Msx genes seems to involve the BMP molecules, the mode of action of Dlx genes still remains elusive. Here, examining the limb phenotypes of combined Dlx and Msx mutants we reveal a new Dlx-Msx regulatory loop directly involving BMPs. In Msx1;Dlx5;Dlx6 triple mutant mice (TKO), beside the expected ectrodactyly, we also observe the hallmark morphological anomalies of Msx1;Msx2 double mutants suggesting an epistatic role of Dlx5 and Dlx6 over Msx2. In Msx2;Dlx5;Dlx6 TKO mice we only observe an aggravation of the ectrodactyly defect without changes in the number of the individual components of the limb. Using a combination of qPCR, ChIP and bioinformatic analyses, we identify two Dlx/Msx regulatory pathways: 1) in the anterior limb mesoderm a non-cell autonomous Msx-Dlx regulatory loop involves BMP molecules through the AER and 2) in AER cells and, at later stages, in the limb mesoderm the regulation of Msx2 by Dlx5 and Dlx6 occurs also cell autonomously. These data bring new elements to decipher the complex AER-mesoderm dialogue that takes place during limb development and provide clues to understanding the etiology of congenital limb malformations.

DLX5, FGF8 and the Pin1 isomerase control ΔNp63α protein stability during limb development: a regulatory loop at the basis of the SHFM and EEC congenital malformations.

Science.gov (United States)

Restelli, Michela; Lopardo, Teresa; Lo Iacono, Nadia; Garaffo, Giulia; Conte, Daniele; Rustighi, Alessandra; Napoli, Marco; Del Sal, Giannino; Perez-Morga, David; Costanzo, Antonio; Merlo, Giorgio Roberto; Guerrini, Luisa

2014-07-15

Ectrodactyly, or Split-Hand/Foot Malformation (SHFM), is a congenital condition characterized by the loss of central rays of hands and feet. The p63 and the DLX5;DLX6 transcription factors, expressed in the embryonic limb buds and ectoderm, are disease genes for these conditions. Mutations of p63 also cause the ectodermal dysplasia-ectrodactyly-cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome, comprising SHFM. Ectrodactyly is linked to defects of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the developing limb buds. FGF8 is the key signaling molecule in this process, able to direct proximo-distal growth and patterning of the skeletal primordial of the limbs. In the limb buds of both p63 and Dlx5;Dlx6 murine models of SHFM, the AER is poorly stratified and FGF8 expression is severely reduced. We show here that the FGF8 locus is a downstream target of DLX5 and that FGF8 counteracts Pin1-ΔNp63α interaction. In vivo, lack of Pin1 leads to accumulation of the p63 protein in the embryonic limbs and ectoderm. We show also that ΔNp63α protein stability is negatively regulated by the interaction with the prolyl-isomerase Pin1, via proteasome-mediated degradation; p63 mutant proteins associated with SHFM or EEC syndromes are resistant to Pin1 action. Thus, DLX5, p63, Pin1 and FGF8 participate to the same time- and location-restricted regulatory loop essential for AER stratification, hence for normal patterning and skeletal morphogenesis of the limb buds. These results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms at the basis of the SHFM and EEC limb malformations. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press.

The stress-buffering effect of acute exercise: Evidence for HPA axis negative feedback.

Science.gov (United States)

Zschucke, Elisabeth; Renneberg, Babette; Dimeo, Fernando; Wüstenberg, Torsten; Ströhle, Andreas

2015-01-01

According to the cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis, physically trained individuals show lower physiological and psychological responses to stressors other than exercise, e.g. psychosocial stress. Reduced stress reactivity may constitute a mechanism of action for the beneficial effects of exercise in maintaining mental health. With regard to neural and psychoneuroendocrine stress responses, the acute stress-buffering effects of exercise have not been investigated yet. A sample of highly trained (HT) and sedentary (SED) young men was randomized to either exercise on a treadmill at moderate intensity (60-70% VO2max; AER) for 30 min, or to perform 30 min of "placebo" exercise (PLAC). 90 min later, an fMRI experiment was conducted using an adapted version of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST). The subjective and psychoneuroendocrine (cortisol and α-amylase) changes induced by the exercise intervention and the MIST were assessed, as well as neural activations during the MIST. Finally, associations between the different stress responses were analysed. Participants of the AER group showed a significantly reduced cortisol response to the MIST, which was inversely related to the previous exercise-induced α-amylase and cortisol fluctuations. With regard to the sustained BOLD signal, we found higher bilateral hippocampus (Hipp) activity and lower prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity in the AER group. Participants with a higher aerobic fitness showed lower cortisol responses to the MIST. As the Hipp and PFC are brain structures prominently involved in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, these findings indicate that the acute stress-buffering effect of exercise relies on negative feedback mechanisms. Positive affective changes after exercise appear as important moderators largely accounting for the effects related to physical fitness. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Assessing the association between omalizumab and arteriothrombotic events through spontaneous adverse event reporting.

Science.gov (United States)

Ali, Ayad K; Hartzema, Abraham G

2012-01-01

Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody, indicated for the treatment of severe allergic asthma. In Europe, there have been concerns about the cardiovascular safety of omalizumab. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between omalizumab and arterial thrombotic events in a spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting database in the US. Reports of arterial thrombotic events submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) between 2004 and 2011 were retrieved and analyzed by the reporting odds ratio data mining algorithm. The reporting odds ratio of arterial thrombotic events for omalizumab was compared with specific asthma medications and all drugs in the AERS. Values ≥2 were considered significant safety signals. The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Preferred Terms were used to identify arterial thrombotic events (eg, stroke, myocardial infarction). In total, 293,783 reports of arterial thrombotic events were retrieved (about 2% of all adverse drug reaction reports), corresponding to 2274 asthma drug-arterial thrombotic events pairs (omalizumab, 222; inhaled corticosteroids [ICS], 131; long-acting beta-agonists [LABA], 102; single-device combination ICS-LABA, 506; inhaled short-acting beta-agonists [SABA], 475; oral SABA, 6; inhaled antimuscarinics [AMC], 477; single-device combination AMC-SABA, 127; xanthines, 50; leukotriene modifiers, 174; and mast cell stabilizers, 4). Reporting odds ratio and 95% confidence interval values for omalizumab compared with other asthma drugs and all drugs in AERS were 2.75 (2.39-316) and 1.09 (0.95-1.24), respectively. Omalizumab ranked second after ICS in the risk of arterial thrombotic events, followed by AMC, AMC-SABA, and ICS-LABA. Omalizumab is associated with higher than expected reporting of arterial thrombotic events in asthmatic patients. This hypothesis needs further testing in robust epidemiological studies.

The Arts and Australian Education: Realising Potential. Australian Education Review No. 58

Science.gov (United States)

Ewing, Robyn

2011-01-01

Australian Education Review (AER) 58 surveys the international and national research on the role and effect of arts-rich programming in schools and in the broader community, and examines the policies and practices that inhibit or support these initiatives. It puts the case that embedding the Arts in learning would be a powerful catalyst for…

The Dragon project and high temperature reactor (HTR position)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shepherd, L.

1981-01-01

After introduction describing the initiation of HTR work at AERE and in West Germany and the USA, the subject is discussed in detail under the headings: the Dragon Reactor Experiment (design and objectives); fuel elements and graphite (description of cooperative research programmes; development of coated fuel particles); helium technology; other Dragon activities. (U.K.)

U.K. nuclear data progress report for the period April 1975 to March 1976

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gayther, D.B.

1976-08-01

The Progress Report describes the activities of the UK Nuclear Data Committee, lists the UK data in a CINDA type index, and reports briefly on each UK activity under the organization concerned (AERE Harwell, AEE Winfrith, NPL, AWRE Aldermaston, University of Aston in Birmingham, University of Edinburgh, University of London Reactor Centre). (U.K.)

Separation of Aeruginosin-865 from Cultivated Soil Cyanobacterium (Nostoc sp.) by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography combined with Gel Permeation Chromatography.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheel, José; Minceva, Mirjana; Urajová, Petra; Aslam, Rabya; Hrouzek, Pavel; Kopecký, Jiří

2015-10-01

Aeruginosin-865 was isolated from cultivated soil cyanobacteria using a combination of centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and gel permeation chromatography. The solubility of Aer-865 in different solvents was evaluated using the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS). The CPC separation was performed in descending mode with a biphasic solvent system composed of water-n-BuOH-acetic acid (5:4:1, v/v/v). The upper phase was used as a stationary phase, whereas the lower phase was employed as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. The revolution speed and temperature of the separation column were 1700 rpm and 25 degrees C, respectively. Preparative CPC separation followed by gel permeation chromatography was performed on 50 mg of crude extract yielding Aer-865 (3.5 mg), with a purity over 95% as determined by HPLC. The chemical identity of the isolated compound was confirmed by comparing its spectroscopic data (UV, HRESI-MS, HRESI-MS/MS) with those of an authentic standard and data available in the literature.

Resposta renal à maltodextrina e ao treinamento em diferentes intensidades

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cátia Fernandes Leite

2015-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo foi investigar a resposta renal à ingestão de maltodextrina e à natação de padrão aeróbio ou anaeróbio de alta intensidade em ratos. Materiais e métodos O protocolo consistiu de oito semanas de natação em padrão aeróbio (sobrecarga 5% ou intermitente (sobrecarga 10%. Durante 37 dias os animais foram suplementados, por meio de gavagem, com uma dose diária de 0,48g.Kg−1 de maltodextrina dissolvida em água ou receberam água pura, antes do treinamento. Resultados O treinamento anaeróbio ocasionou aumento nas concentrações de ácido úrico, creatinina e proteínas totais e redução no glicogênio renal. A maltodextrina causou aumento no glicogênio renal. Conclusão A maltodextrina e o treinamento anaeróbio proporcionaram alterações nos parâmetros de função renal em resposta desse órgão a esses estímulos externos.

A neuro-inspired spike-based PID motor controller for multi-motor robots with low cost FPGAs.

Science.gov (United States)

Jimenez-Fernandez, Angel; Jimenez-Moreno, Gabriel; Linares-Barranco, Alejandro; Dominguez-Morales, Manuel J; Paz-Vicente, Rafael; Civit-Balcells, Anton

2012-01-01

In this paper we present a neuro-inspired spike-based close-loop controller written in VHDL and implemented for FPGAs. This controller has been focused on controlling a DC motor speed, but only using spikes for information representation, processing and DC motor driving. It could be applied to other motors with proper driver adaptation. This controller architecture represents one of the latest layers in a Spiking Neural Network (SNN), which implements a bridge between robotics actuators and spike-based processing layers and sensors. The presented control system fuses actuation and sensors information as spikes streams, processing these spikes in hard real-time, implementing a massively parallel information processing system, through specialized spike-based circuits. This spike-based close-loop controller has been implemented into an AER platform, designed in our labs, that allows direct control of DC motors: the AER-Robot. Experimental results evidence the viability of the implementation of spike-based controllers, and hardware synthesis denotes low hardware requirements that allow replicating this controller in a high number of parallel controllers working together to allow a real-time robot control.

Predição da potência aeróbia (VO2máx de crianças e adolescentes em teste incremental na esteira rolante Prediction of aerobic power (VO2max of children and adolescents during an incremental treadmill test

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiana Andrade Machado

2013-03-01

Full Text Available O consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx é a quantidade máxima de energia que pode ser produzida pelo metabolismo aeróbio em determinada unidade de tempo, podendo ser determinado direta ou indiretamente através de equações preditivas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar uma equação preditiva específica para determinar o VO2máx de meninos de 10 a 16 anos. Quarenta e dois meninos realizaram teste ergoespirométrico de corrida em esteira rolante com velocidade inicial de 9 km/h até exaustão voluntária. Através da regressão linear múltipla foi possível desenvolver a seguinte equação para a determinação indireta do VO2máx: VO2máx (ml/min = -1574,06 + (141,38 x Vpico + (48,34 * Massa corporal, com erro padrão de estimativa = 191,5 ml/min (4,10 ml/kg/min e o coeficiente de determinação = 0,934. Sugerimos que esta é uma fórmula adequada para predizer o VO2máx para esta população.The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max is the maximal quantity of energy that can be produced by the aerobic metabolism in certain time unity. It can be determined direct or indirectly by predictive equations. The objective of this study was to make a specific predictive equation to determine the VO2max from boys aged 10-16 years-old. Forty-two boys underwent a treadmill running ergospirometric test, with the initial velocity set at 9 km/h, until voluntary exhaustion. By the multiple linear regression was possible to develop the following equation for the indirect determination of the VO2max: VO2max (ml/min = -1574.06 + (141.38 x Vpeak + (48.34 * Body mass, with standard error of estimate = 191.5 ml/min (4.10 ml/kg/min and coefficient of determination = 0.934. We suggest that this formula is appropriate to predict VO2max for this population.

Nuclear Physics division progress report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lees, E.W.; Longworth, G.; Scofield, C.J.

1981-07-01

Work undertaken by the Nuclear Physics Division of AERE, Harwell during 1980 is presented under the headings: (1) Nuclear Data and Technology for Nuclear Power. (2) Nuclear Studies. (3) Applications of Nuclear and Associated Techniques. (4) Accelerator Operation, Maintenance and Development. Reports, publications and conference papers presented during the period are given and members of staff listed. (U.K.)

Energy supply security and foreign policy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-05-01

The title memo has been sent to the Dutch Lower House. This memo reflects the response of the cabinet to the advice on Energetic Foreign Policy of the Dutch Advisory Council on International Affairs (AIV) and the Dutch Energy Council (AER). Moreover, the development of foreign policy with respect to energy supply security is depicted. [mk] [nl

Fasting Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide as a Risk Marker of Poor Renal Outcomes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes with Diabetic Nephropathy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Winther, Signe Abitz; Øllgaard, Jens Christian; Parving, Hans-Henrik Dyring

pressure, cholesterol, HbA1c and u-AER (p ≤ 0.014). After further adjustment for baseline eGFR significance was lost for all endpoints, except for CVD events (HR per doubling: 1.22, [1.05-1.41]; p=0.010). Conclusion In type 1 diabetes patients with diabetic nephropathy, higher fasting plasma TMAO level...

Application of robotic principles to laboratory automation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pierce, T.B.

1986-01-01

The possibility of applying robotic techniques to some laboratory tasks is considered. A low-cost rig was constructed, at AERE Harwell, to examine the performance of a number of low-cost commercial robots. The importance of justifying the costs of introducing robotic systems and the difficulty of analysing the cost-benefit of robotic over mechanical systems is stressed. (UK)

Research in Modeling and Simulation for Airspace Systems Innovation

Science.gov (United States)

Ballin, Mark G.; Kimmel, William M.; Welch, Sharon S.

2007-01-01

This viewgraph presentation provides an overview of some of the applied research and simulation methodologies at the NASA Langley Research Center that support aerospace systems innovation. Risk assessment methodologies, complex systems design and analysis methodologies, and aer ospace operations simulations are described. Potential areas for future research and collaboration using interactive and distributed simula tions are also proposed.

Condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado promove redução no rápido ganho de peso de ratos adultos desnutridos nos períodos de gestação e lactação Moderate aerobic physical conditioning reduces the fast weight gain of adult rats malnourished during pregnancy and lactation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tâmara Nunes de Araújo

2010-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Foram avaliados os efeitos do condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado sobre o peso corporal e o ganho de peso de animais submetidos à desnutrição na gestação e lactação e alimentados com dieta normoprotéica após o desmame. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos Wistar foram gerados e amamentados por nutrizes alimentadas com dieta normoprotéica (caseína 17% e dieta hipoprotéica (caseína 8%, formando os grupos Nutridos (n=18 e Desnutridos (n=17 inicialmente e, após o desmame, foram alimentados com dieta normoprotéica padrão do biotério (Labina®, Purina. Aos 60 dias de vida, os animais foram subdivididos em quatro grupos: Nutrido Sedentário (n=9, Nutrido Condicionado (n=7, Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Sedentário (n=8 e Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Condicionado (n=9. O condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado foi realizado em esteira elétrica durante 8 semanas, 5 dias/ semana, 60min/dia e os animais sofreram eutanásia após o término do protocolo. Realizaram-se as análises do peso corporal (g e do ganho de peso corporal (%. RESULTADOS: Observou-se menor peso corporal nos grupos Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Sedentário (247,00: 134,00 - 335,00 e Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Condicionado (245,00: 166,00 - 324,50 comparados respectivamente, aos grupos Nutrido Sedentário (303,75: 176,00 - 372,00 e Nutrido Condicionado (290,25: 190,00 - 372,00 (pOBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of moderate aerobic physical conditioning on the body weight and weight gain of rats whose mothers were fed a low protein diet during gestation and lactation. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were bred from dams fed a normal- (17% casein or low-protein (8% casein diet, constituting the initial nourished (n=18 and malnourished (n=17 groups. After weaning, they were fed the standard diet of the laboratory, with normal protein content (Labina®, Purina. At the age of 60 days, the animals were divided

Qualification of the core model DYN3D coupled with the code ATHLET as an advanced tool for the accident analysis of VVER type reactors. Pt. 2. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grundmann, U.; Kliem, S.; Rohde, U.

2002-10-01

Benchmark calculations for the validation of the coupled neutron kinetics/thermohydraulic code complex DYN3D-ATHLET are described. Two benchmark problems concerning hypothetical accident scenarios with leaks in the steam system for a VVER-440 type reactor and the TMI-1 PWR have been solved. The first benchmark task has been defined by FZR in the frame of the international association 'Atomic Energy Research' (AER), the second exercise has been organized under the auspices of the OECD. While in the first benchmark the break of the main steam collector in the sub-critical hot zero power state of the reactor was considered, the break of one of the two main steam lines at full reactor power was assumed in the OECD benchmark. Therefore, in this exercise the mixing of the coolant from the intact and the defect loops had to be considered, while in the AER benchmark the steam collector break causes a homogeneous overcooling of the primary circuit. In the AER benchmark, each participant had to use its own macroscopic cross section libraries. In the OECD benchmark, the cross sections were given in the benchmark definition. The main task of both benchmark problems was to analyse the re-criticality of the scrammed reactor due to the overcooling. For both benchmark problems, a good agreement of the DYN3D-ATHLET solution with the results of other codes was achieved. Differences in the time of re-criticality and the height of the power peak between various solutions of the AER benchmark can be explained by the use of different cross section data. Significant differences in the thermohydraulic parameters (coolant temperature, pressure) occurred only at the late stage of the transient during the emergency injection of highly borated water. In the OECD benchmark, a broader scattering of the thermohydraulic results can be observed, while a good agreement between the various 3D reactor core calculations with given thermohydraulic boundary conditions was achieved. Reasons for the

Perfil fitness en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios: Boyacá 2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yessica Ivonne Pérez Lemus

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La práctica de actividad física reduce el riesgo y previene enfermedades no trasmisibles, mejora la salud ósea y funcional, mantiene el equilibrio calórico y el control del peso, mejorando no sólo la condición física o perfil fitness, el cual se ve reflejado en la habilidad para llevar a cabo las tareas diarias con vigor y sin fatiga; en relación con la salud. Objetivo: Determinar el perfil fitness de estudiantes universitarios en el departamento de Boyacá. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo con diseño transversal, el cual contó con una población de 204 universitarios, de los cuales se obtuvo una muestra de 40 con el uso del software Epidat®, con una confiabilidad del 95% y error estimado del 5%, el muestreo fue estratificado con afijación proporcional. Se evaluaron los componentes fitness relacionados con la salud: capacidad aeróbica, fuerza muscular, flexibilidad y composición corporal. Se obtuvieron medidas de tendencia central, frecuencia y se aplicaron pruebas de asociación como Chi cuadrado, Pearson, Spearman y U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: La edad promedio de la población fue 21,13 años (DS 2,79, el 67,5% se clasifico según Índice de masa corporal en normopeso, el 35% se ubicó en el rango obeso según su porcentaje graso, la fuerza muscular promedio para prensión manual fue de 30,02 Kilogramos (DS 12,85, miembros inferiores 70,48 Kilogramos (DS 40,88 y tronco 69,6 kilogramos (DS 38,5. El 85% de las mujeres y el 81,8% de los hombres en la evaluación de la capacidad aeróbica se clasificaron en el rango muy pobre. Se reportan asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la capacidad aeróbica y el género (p 0.00, la fuerza de tronco, miembro superior e inferior con el género con (p 0.003, (p 0,04 y (p 0,038 respectivamente. Conclusiones: La condición física o perfil fitness no es adecuado para la edad de los participantes teniendo en cuanta los bajos niveles de la fuerza muscular y la

Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism for the zebrafish, Danio rerio, reared under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and exposed to acute hypoxia during development Metabolismo aeróbico e anaeróbico do paulistinha Danio rerio, mantidos sob normóxia e hipóxia moderada e expostos a hipóxia aguda durante diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

WR Barrionuevo

2010-05-01

resultados obtidos indicam que os peixes em estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento não variam suas respostas fisiológicas em função das oscilações ambientais nos níveis de oxigênio, visto que tais respostas iniciaram-se somente no estágio de 30 dias de vida. A partir deste estágio D. rerio apresentou capacidade em responder à hipóxia aguda por meio de mecanismos fisiológicos efetivos envolvendo metabolismo aeróbico e anaeróbico. Tais respostas foram mais efetivas para os peixes mantidos sob hipóxia, o que mostrou que a capacidade de sobrevivência de D. rerio aumentou durante o período de aclimatação à hipóxia moderada. As medidas de massa e comprimento corpóreos mostraram que a permanência dos peixes em hipóxia durante o desenvolvimento não afetou esses parâmetro até os peixes atingirem o estágio de 60 dias. A partir deste estágio foi observado ligeiro atraso no crescimento dos espécimes mantidos sob hipóxia. A taxa de sobrevivência de D.rerio variou de 87,7 a 62,4% para os animais mantidos respectivamente sob níveis normóxicos e hipóxicos. No entanto, os animais mantidos sob hipóxia moderada, que sobreviveram, mostraram maior capacidade em regular seu metabolismo aeróbico e anaeróbico quando expostos à hipóxia ambiental aguda.

A Study of the Radio-Frequency Radiation from the Sun

Science.gov (United States)

1949-07-13

8217 ^ DISTRIBUTION GNR Attn: Code 470 BuOrd BuAer Attn; Code TD -4 BuShips CNO Attn: OP-413 CO, ONR, Boston Dir., USNEL CDR., USNOTS Attn: Reports...OD rH »H ^H o o o o o ^ rH fH iH rl K ä 5 1^1» (> O ^ CM flj t^- LA >0 -O

Catalizador para la oxidación selectiva de hidrocarburos

OpenAIRE

Álvaro Rodríguez, Mercedes; Amarajothi, Dhakshinamoorthy; García Gómez, Hermenegildo

2010-01-01

La presente invención se refiere a un catalizador sólido que comprende una matriz reticular metal-orgánica y un agente promotor de la generación de radicales, a un procedimiento de obtención de dicho catalizador ya su uso como catalizador en la reacción de oxidación aeróbica selectiva de hidrocarburos.

Annual Energy Review, 2008

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None

2009-06-01

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, data begin with the year 1949. Included are statistics on total energy production, consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international energy; financial and environment indicators; and data unit conversions.

Chapter 3: The analysis of exponential experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, G.; Moore, P.F.G.; Richmond, R.

1963-01-01

A description is given of the methods used by the BICEP group for the analysis of exponential experiments on graphite-moderated natural uranium lattices. These differ in some respects from the methods formerly employed at A.E.R.E. and have resulted in a reduction by a factor of four in the time taken to carry out and analyse an experiment. (author)

Urinary biomarkers are associated with incident cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality and deterioration of kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

von Scholten, Bernt Johan; Reinhard, Henrik; Hansen, Tine W.

2016-01-01

-cholesterol, smoking, HbA1c, plasma creatinine, systolic BP and urinary AER (UAER). The pre-defined endpoint of chronic kidney disease progression was a decline in the eGFR of >30% during follow-up. HRs per 1 SD increment of log-transformed values are presented. Results: Patients had a mean ± SD age of 59 ± 9 years...

Many-body theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hubbard, J.

1980-01-01

The evolution of the discipline of many-body theory during the past 25 years is outlined and the developments originated in the Theoretical Physics Division, AERE, are discussed. Topics considered include; the connection between plasma oscillations and the dielectric properties of an electron gas, superconductivity, Fermi levels, ferromagnetism in metals, phase transformations, scaling laws, and quasi-one-dimensional solids. (UK)

DIAGNÓSTICO DAS CONDIÇÕES HIGIÊNICOSANITÁRIAS DE UM BANCO DE LEITE HUMANO NA CIDADE DE SÃO LUÍS, MA, BRASIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viraneide Marques de ALMEIDA

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se as condições higiênico-sanitá- rias de amostras de leite humano de um Banco de Leite Humano (BLH na cidade de São Luís - MA, por meio da análise de 50 amostras de Leite Humano (LH in natura. Realizou-se contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas viá- veis, Coliformes a 35ºC e a 45°C, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e Salmonella sp. Realizaram-se no BLH seis vistorias com preenchimento de ficha de avaliação, contendo nove atributos para obtenção de informações sobre as condições higiênicas do local e seus procedimentos. Em nenhuma das amostras de leite foi constatada a presença de Salmonella sp. e Coliformes a 45°C, entretanto foi observada a presença de micro-organismos do grupo Coliformes a 35ºC, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e bactérias aeró- bias mesófilas viáveis. Constatou-se por meio das vistorias que o referido BLH apresentou 92,60% de conformidade aos requisitos higiênico-sanitários analisados.

Formation of carbon nanosheets via simultaneous activation and catalytic carbonization of macroporous anion-exchange resin for supercapacitors application.

Science.gov (United States)

Peng, Hui; Ma, Guofu; Sun, Kanjun; Mu, Jingjing; Zhang, Zhe; Lei, Ziqiang

2014-12-10

Two-dimensional mesoporous carbon nanosheets (CNSs) have been prepared via simultaneous activation and catalytic carbonization route using macroporous anion-exchange resin (AER) as carbon precursor and ZnCl2 and FeCl3 as activating agent and catalyst, respectively. The iron catalyst in the skeleton of the AER may lead to carburization to form a sheetlike structure during the carbonization process. The obtained CNSs have a large number of mesopores, a maximum specific surface area of 1764.9 m(2) g(-1), and large pore volume of 1.38 cm(3) g(-1). As an electrode material for supercapacitors application, the CNSs electrode possesses a large specific capacitance of 283 F g(-1) at 0.5 A g(-1) and excellent rate capability (64% retention ratio even at 50 A g(-1)) in 6 mol L(-1) KOH. Furthermore, CNSs symmetric supercapacitor exhibits specific energies of 17.2 W h kg(-1) at a power density of 224 W kg(-1) operated in the voltage range of 0-1.8 V in 0.5 mol L(-1) Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, and outstanding cyclability (retains about 96% initial capacitance after 5000 cycles).

Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica do leite UAT integral comercializado em Belo Horizonte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Coelho P.S.

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Foram analisadas 80 amostras de leite UAT integral de oito marcas comercializadas em Belo Horizonte, entre janeiro e abril de 1999. Foram realizadas contagens de bactérias mesófilas aeróbicas em meio APC e ágar BHI enriquecido com vitamina B12, sendo os resultados comparados aos padrões estabelecidos pelo Regulamento Técnico de Identidade e Qualidade (RTIQ do Serviço Federal de Inspeção do Ministério da Agricultura e Abastecimento do Brasil. Das 80 amostras analisadas, 33 (41,2% apresentaram contagem de bactérias mesófilas aeróbicas entre 1,3×10(4 e 1,4×10(5 UFC/ml (4,1 e 5,1 log UFC/ml. De 174 amostras de microrganismos isoladas, 162 (93,1% são do gênero Bacillus, 3 cocos (1,7% pertencentes ao gênero Micrococcus, 9 (5,2% bastonetes Gram positivos pleomórficos, sugestivos de pertencerem ao gênero Corynebacterium. Cinco marcas de leite UAT foram consideradas como fora dos padrões microbiológicos estabelecidos pelo RTIQ. Bactérias do gênero Bacillus foram as mais isoladas.

A Neuro-Inspired Spike-Based PID Motor Controller for Multi-Motor Robots with Low Cost FPGAs

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Anton Civit-Balcells

2012-03-01

Full Text Available In this paper we present a neuro-inspired spike-based close-loop controller written in VHDL and implemented for FPGAs. This controller has been focused on controlling a DC motor speed, but only using spikes for information representation, processing and DC motor driving. It could be applied to other motors with proper driver adaptation. This controller architecture represents one of the latest layers in a Spiking Neural Network (SNN, which implements a bridge between robotics actuators and spike-based processing layers and sensors. The presented control system fuses actuation and sensors information as spikes streams, processing these spikes in hard real-time, implementing a massively parallel information processing system, through specialized spike-based circuits. This spike-based close-loop controller has been implemented into an AER platform, designed in our labs, that allows direct control of DC motors: the AER-Robot. Experimental results evidence the viability of the implementation of spike-based controllers, and hardware synthesis denotes low hardware requirements that allow replicating this controller in a high number of parallel controllers working together to allow a real-time robot control.

Students’ metacognitive activities in solving the combinatorics problem: the experience of students with holist-serialist cognitive style

Science.gov (United States)

Trisna, B. N.; Budayasa, I. K.; Siswono, T. Y. E.

2018-01-01

Metacognition is related to improving student learning outcomes. This study describes students’ metacognitive activities in solving the combinatorics problem. Two undergraduate students of mathematics education from STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin were selected as the participants of the study, one person has a holist cognitive style and the other a serialist. Data were collected by task-based interviews where the task contains a combinatorial problem. The interviews were conducted twice using equivalent problem at two different times. The study found that the participants showed metacognitive awareness (A), metacognitive evaluation (E), and metacognitive regulation (R) that operated as pathways from one function to another. Both, holist and serialist, have metacognitive activities in different pathway. The path of metacognitive activities of the holist is AERCAE-AAEER-ACRECCECC-AREERCE with the AERAE-AER-ARE-ARERE pattern, while the path of metacognitive activities of the serialist is AERCA-AAER-ACRERCERC-AREEEE with the AERA-AER-ARERER-ARE pattern. As an implication of these findings, teachers/lecturers need to pay attention to metacognitive awareness when they begin a stage in mathematical problem solving. Teachers/lecturers need to emphasize to students that in mathematical problem solving, processes and results are equally important.

Knockdown of connexin43-mediated regulation of the zone of polarizing activity in the developing chick limb leads to digit truncation.

Science.gov (United States)

Law, Lee Yong; Lin, Jun Sheng; Becker, David L; Green, Colin R

2002-12-01

In the developing chick wing, the use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to transiently knock down the expression of the gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43), results in limb patterning defects, including deletion of the anterior digits. To understand more about how such defects arise, the effects of transient Cx43 knockdown on the expression patterns of several genes known to play pivotal roles in limb formation were examined. Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which is normally expressed in the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) and is required to maintain both the ZPA and the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), was found to be downregulated in treated limbs within 30 h. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (Bmp-2), a gene downstream of Shh, was similarly downregulated. Fibroblast growth factor-8 expression, however, was unaltered 30 h after treatment but was greatly reduced at 48 h post-treatment, when the AER begins to regress. Expressions of Bmp-4 and Muscle segment homeobox-like gene (Msx-1) were not affected at any of the time points examined. Cx43 expression is therefore involved in some, but not all patterning cascades, and appears to play a role in the regulation of ZPA activity.

System reliability time-dependent models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Debernardo, H.D.

1991-06-01

A probabilistic methodology for safety system technical specification evaluation was developed. The method for Surveillance Test Interval (S.T.I.) evaluation basically means an optimization of S.T.I. of most important system's periodically tested components. For Allowed Outage Time (A.O.T.) calculations, the method uses system reliability time-dependent models (A computer code called FRANTIC III). A new approximation, which was called Independent Minimal Cut Sets (A.C.I.), to compute system unavailability was also developed. This approximation is better than Rare Event Approximation (A.E.R.) and the extra computing cost is neglectible. A.C.I. was joined to FRANTIC III to replace A.E.R. on future applications. The case study evaluations verified that this methodology provides a useful probabilistic assessment of surveillance test intervals and allowed outage times for many plant components. The studied system is a typical configuration of nuclear power plant safety systems (two of three logic). Because of the good results, these procedures will be used by the Argentine nuclear regulatory authorities in evaluation of technical specification of Atucha I and Embalse nuclear power plant safety systems. (Author) [es

Mass determination of U-233 and Pu-239 by gamma spectrometry technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moraes, M.A.P.V. de; Pugliesi, R.

1988-09-01

The gamma spectrometry technique has been used for masses determinations of uranium-233 and plutonium-239, granted by AERE-HARWELL. A high purity Ge semicondutor detector was used and the total efficiency curve was obtained for the counting system in the energy range 13 KeV to 135 KeV. The calculated values for the masses compared with that obtained by means of gravimetry technique. (author) [pt

Effects of snails, submerged plants and their coexistence on eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems

OpenAIRE

Mo Shuqing; Zhang Xiufeng; Tang Yali; Liu Zhengwen; Kettridge Nicholas

2017-01-01

Eutrophication resulting from nutrient loading to freshwater habitats is a severe problem, leading to degradation of ecosystems, including deterioration of water quality, water clarity and loss of biodiversity. Measures enacted to restore degraded freshwater ecosystems often involve the reintroduction of submerged plants and aquatic animals with beneficial ecological functions. In a mesocosm experiment, three treatments (planting with Vallisneria natans, introduction of the snail Bellamya aer...

Efeitos do exercicio agudo sobre biomarcadores sericos de ratos diabeticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Milioni

2014-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: As respostas ao exercício agudo dos biomarcadores, como a fosfatase alcalina (FA e a creatina quinase (CK séricas têm sido pouco investigadas em ratos diabéticos. OBJETIVOS: Verificar os efeitos do exercício físico aeróbio agudo sobre as concentrações de CK e FA, bem como, avaliar o estado hídrico em ratos diabéticos experimentais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos, adultos jovens, distribuídos em dois grupos: diabéticos (DA e controles (CA. O diabetes foi induzido por meio da administração de aloxana monoidratado Sigma(r (32 mg/kg de peso corporal. Duas semanas após confirmação do diabetes, ambos os grupos foram submetidos a uma sessão aguda de natação por 30 min, com carga aeróbia (4,5 % do peso corporal. Foram avaliados: glicose, hematócrito, CK, FA, albumina e a cinética de lactato durante o exercício por meio de coletas 25 µL de sangue da cauda dos animais, nos minutos 0, 10, 20 e 30 de exercício. RESULTADOS: ANOVA de dois fatores para medidas repetidas e o teste post hoc de Tukey apontaram diminuição significativa dos valores de glicemia após o exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de CK pós-exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de hematócrito para ambos os grupos após exercício e manutenção da FA após exercício para o grupo DA. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício agudo aeróbio foi eficiente no controle dos níveis glicêmicos de ratos diabéticos. Entretanto, deve ser aplicado com cautela, pois induziu altos valores de CK, sugerindo possíveis lesões teciduais.

Assessing the association between omalizumab and arteriothrombotic events through spontaneous adverse event reporting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali AK

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Ayad K Ali, Abraham G HartzemaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USABackground: Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody, indicated for the treatment of severe allergic asthma. In Europe, there have been concerns about the cardiovascular safety of omalizumab. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between omalizumab and arterial thrombotic events in a spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting database in the US.Methods and materials: Reports of arterial thrombotic events submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS between 2004 and 2011 were retrieved and analyzed by the reporting odds ratio data mining algorithm. The reporting odds ratio of arterial thrombotic events for omalizumab was compared with specific asthma medications and all drugs in the AERS. Values ≥2 were considered significant safety signals. The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Preferred Terms were used to identify arterial thrombotic events (eg, stroke, myocardial infarction.Results: In total, 293,783 reports of arterial thrombotic events were retrieved (about 2% of all adverse drug reaction reports, corresponding to 2274 asthma drug-arterial thrombotic events pairs (omalizumab, 222; inhaled corticosteroids [ICS], 131; long-acting beta-agonists [LABA], 102; single-device combination ICS-LABA, 506; inhaled short-acting beta-agonists [SABA], 475; oral SABA, 6; inhaled antimuscarinics [AMC], 477; single-device combination AMC-SABA, 127; xanthines, 50; leukotriene modifiers, 174; and mast cell stabilizers, 4. Reporting odds ratio and 95% confidence interval values for omalizumab compared with other asthma drugs and all drugs in AERS were 2.75 (2.39–316 and 1.09 (0.95–1.24, respectively. Omalizumab ranked second after ICS in the risk of arterial thrombotic events, followed by AMC, AMC-SABA, and ICS-LABA.Conclusion: Omalizumab is

A INFLUÊNCIA DO TREINAMENTO RESISTIDO E AERÓBIO EM FORMA DE CIRCUIT TRAINING NO CONTROLE GLICÊMICO DO DIABETES TIPO I: ESTUDO DE CASO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Tadeu Grzelczak

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O diabetes Mellitus é uma doença que pode desencadear uma série de complicações, desde problemas renais, hipertensão até cegueira e amputações. O exercício é normalmente indicado para portadores de diabetes, auxiliando no controle da doença, aumentando a sensibilidade à insulina, estabilizando as taxas de glicose no sangue auxiliando no controle de peso e redução das doses de insulina. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a influência do treinamento de musculação ou treinamento resistido,sendo desenvolvido em forma de circuito com treinamento aeróbio durante as seções, no controle da glicemia de um diabético tipo 1 (insulino dependente. A amostra foi composta por um homem de 27 anos portador de Diabetes Mellitus tipo1, insulino dependente a 4 anos. O programa de exercícios teve duração de 90dias e consistiu de um Circuit Training de musculação(contrações dinâmicas em séries únicas de 30 repetições e aeróbio (intensidade60% a 80% da frequência cardíaca máxima, foi aplicada na estatística descritiva.Foi observado diminuição da média glicêmica de 209,3 mg/dl no inicio do treinamentopara 122,4 mg/dl, ao final do estudo, uma diminuição de 41,52 % em relação a média inicial. Observou-se diminuição dos níveis de HbA1c de 7,10% para 5,02%. Neste sentido o treinamento de musculação e aeróbio em Circuit Training demonstrou ser uma opção salutar para o controle glicêmico de portadores de diabetes tipo1.

Morphological diversity of the avian foot is related with the pattern of msx gene expression in the developing autopod.

Science.gov (United States)

Gañan, Y; Macias, D; Basco, R D; Merino, R; Hurle, J M

1998-04-01

The formation of the digits in amniota embryos is accompanied by apoptotic cell death of the interdigital mesoderm triggered through BMP signaling. Differences in the intensity of this apoptotic process account for the establishment of the different morphological types of feet observed in amniota (i.e., free-digits, webbed digits, lobulated digits). The molecular basis accounting for the differential pattern of interdigital cell death remains uncertain since the reduction of cell death in species with webbed digits is not accompanied by a parallel reduction in the pattern of expression of bmp genes in the interdigital regions. In this study we show that the duck interdigital web mesoderm exhibits an attenuated response to both BMP-induced apoptosis and TGFbeta-induced chondrogenesis in comparison with species with free digits. The attenuated response to these signals is accompanied by a reduced pattern of expression of msx-1 and msx-2 genes. Local application of FGF in the duck interdigit expands the domain of msx-2 expression but not the domain of msx-1 expression. This change in the expression of msx-2 is followed by a parallel increase in spontaneous and exogenous BMP-induced interdigital cell death, while the chondrogenic response to TGFbetas is unchanged. The regression of AER, as deduced by the pattern of extinction of fgf-8 expression, takes place in a similar fashion in the chick and duck regardless of the differences in interdigital cell death and msx gene expression. Implantation of BMP-beads in the distal limb mesoderm induces AER regression in both the chick and duck. This finding suggests an additional role for BMPs in the physiological regression of the AER. It is proposed that the formation of webbed vs free-digit feet in amniota results from a premature differentiation of the interdigital mesoderm into connective tissue caused by a reduced expression of msx genes in the developing autopod. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.

Effect of total glucosides of paeony on the expression of nephrin in the kidneys from diabetic rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Pei; Zhang, Jing-Jing; Su, Jing; Qi, Xiang-Ming; Wu, Yong-Gui; Shen, Ji-Jia

2009-01-01

Total glucosides of paeony (TGP), extracted from the traditional Chinese herb root of Paeonia lactiflora pall, have been shown to have a therapeutic role in experimental diabetic nephropathy including albuminuria. Recent investigation has identified nephrin, a podocyte-specific transmembrane protein, as a key regulator in the pathogenesis of diabetic albuminuria. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TGP can attenuate albuminuria through prevention of nephrin loss in the experimental diabetic nephropathy. Fifty male Munich-Wistar rats were obtained from the Experimental Animal Center of Anhui Medical University. These rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 10); normal group, control diabetic group, and 3 TGP treated diabetic groups at different concentrations. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, and TGP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) was orally administered to the 3 TGP treated diabetic groups once a day for 8 weeks, respectively. Blood glucose and 24 hour urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) were measured. The expressions of nephrin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), NF-kappaB p65 and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) protein were determined by immunoinfluorescence or Western blot analysis in the kidneys. Elevated AER was markedly attenuated by TGP treatment in diabetic rats. There was a finely dotted linear epithelial staining of nephrin in normal group glomeruli. In contrast, the staining of glomeruli from untreated diabetic rats was attenuated, more diapersed, and clustered. This diabetic-induced loss of glomerular nephrin expression was prevented in a large degree in TGP-treated diabetic rats. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nephrin protein was reduced in the kidneys of diabetic rats, but significantly increased in the TGP treatment groups. The expressions of TNF-alpha, NF-kappaB p65 and 3-NT protein were significantly increased in the kidneys of diabetic rats, which were all significantly inhibited by TGP treatment. Our results showed that

Avaliação da pressão arterial e da frequência cardíaca durante imersão em repouso e caminhada

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Kalina Durigon Keller

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento da pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca de indivíduos hipertensos e normotensos durante repouso e caminhada enquanto imersos na água em diferentes profundidades. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 20 indivíduos, 10 hipertensos e 10 normotensos. Todos foram submetidos a 4 avaliações, sendo uma imerso em repouso até a profundidade do processo xifoide durante 20 minutos e outras 3 caminhando durante 20 minutos à intensidade de 65% da frequência cardíaca de reserva, cada uma delas em uma profundidade diferente, cicatriz umbilical, processo xifoide e ombros. RESULTADOS: Os resultados com atividades de caminhada quando comparados com os de repouso evidenciaram que somente a imersão na água parece não causar modificações na frequência cardíaca, mas que esta aumenta durante a execução da atividade aeróbica a uma intensidade moderada dentro da água. Com relação à pressão arterial, foi possível observar que, quando o indivíduo permaneceu imerso em repouso, após sair da água, ela teve um aumento súbito. Porém, quando se associou a imersão com a atividade aeróbica, após a saída da água, a PA teve uma diminuição e ela se manteve, pelo menos por 20 minutos, significativamente inferior ao início da sessão, antes de imergir e começar o exercício. Essa redução foi mais evidente quando o exercício foi realizado na profundidade do processo xifoide. CONCLUSÕES: O exercício aeróbico realizado na água em temperatura neutra contribui para a diminuição da pressão arterial tanto de indivíduos hipertensos como de normotensos, tornando-se um importante aliado no controle da pressão arterial.

Antipsychotics, glycemic disorders, and life-threatening diabetic events: a Bayesian data-mining analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system (1968-2004).

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DuMouchel, William; Fram, David; Yang, Xionghu; Mahmoud, Ramy A; Grogg, Amy L; Engelhart, Luella; Ramaswamy, Krishnan

2008-01-01

This analysis compared diabetes-related adverse events associated with use of different antipsychotic agents. A disproportionality analysis of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) was performed. Data from the FDA postmarketing AERS database (1968 through first quarter 2004) were evaluated. Drugs studied included aripiprazole, clozapine, haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone. Fourteen Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Primary Terms (MPTs) were chosen to identify diabetes-related adverse events; 3 groupings into higher-level descriptive categories were also studied. Three methods of measuring drug-event associations were used: proportional reporting ratio, the empirical Bayes data-mining algorithm known as the Multi-Item Gamma Poisson Shrinker, and logistic regression (LR) analysis. Quantitative measures of association strength, with corresponding confidence intervals, between drugs and specified adverse events were computed and graphed. Some of the LR analyses were repeated separately for reports from patients under and over 45 years of age. Differences in association strength were declared statistically significant if the corresponding 90% confidence intervals did not overlap. Association with various glycemic events differed for different drugs. On average, the rankings of association strength agreed with the following ordering: low association, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, haloperidol, and risperidone; medium association, quetiapine; and strong association, clozapine and olanzapine. The median rank correlation between the above ordering and the 17 sets of LR coefficients (1 set for each glycemic event) was 93%. Many of the disproportionality measures were significantly different across drugs, and ratios of disproportionality factors of 5 or more were frequently observed. There are consistent and substantial differences between atypical antipsychotic drugs in the

Association of asthma therapy and Churg-Strauss syndrome: an analysis of postmarketing surveillance data.

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DuMouchel, William; Smith, Eric T; Beasley, Richard; Nelson, Harold; Yang, Xionghu; Fram, David; Almenoff, June S

2004-07-01

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS), also known as allergic granulomatous angiitis (AGA), is a rare vasculitis that occurs in patients with bronchial asthma. The nature of the association of CSS with various asthma therapies is unclear. This study investigated the associations of different multidrug asthma therapy regimens and the reporting of AGA (the preferred code for CSS in the coding dictionary for the Adverse Event Reporting System [AERS]) by applying an iterative method of disproportionally analysis to th AERS database maintained by the US Food and Drug Administration. The public-release version of the AERS database was used to identify reports of AGA in patients receiving asthma therapy. Reporting of AGA was examined using iterative disproportionality methods in patients receiving > or =1 of the following drug classes: inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA), short-acting beta(2)-agonist (SABA), or long-acting beta(2)-agonist (LABA). The Bayesian data-mining algorithm known as the multi-item gamma poisson shrinker was used to determine the relative reporting rates by calculation of the empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM) and its 90% CI (EB05 = lower limit and EB95 = upper limit) for each drug. Subset analyses were performed for each drug with different medication combinations to differentiate the relative reporting of AGA for each. A strong association was found between LTRA use and AGA (EBGM = 104.0, EB05 = 95.0, EB95 = 113.8) that persisted with all combinations of therapy studied. AGA was also associated with the ICS, SABA and LABA classes (EBGM values of 27.8, 14.6 and 40.4, respectively). However, the latter associations were mostly dependent on the presence of concurrent LTRA and, to a lesser extemt, oral corticosteroid therapy and became negligible (ie, EB05 < 2) for patients who were not receiving these concurrent treatments. Differences based on relative reporting were observed in the patterns of association of AGA with LTRA

Moderate aerobic exercise during pregnancy, its relation to the behavior of the maternal blood El ejercicio aeróbico moderado durante el embarazo su relación con el comportamiento de la tensión arterial materna

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R. Barakat

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

A case-control design was used. Between May 1 of 2000 and September 30, 2001, a total of 480 women were interviewed at the first medical prenatal visit obtaining data on social, medical, employment, daily physical activity circumstances and consent. Participants were recruited from the Hospital Severo Ochoa in Leganés, Madrid.A total of 72 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies (singleton gestations randomly assigned to an exercise group (case and 70 pregnant women randomly assigned to a control group. The exercise program consisted of a series of 35 minute sessions, three times per week during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, conducted by a qualified instructor following the ACOG guidelines. Moderate exercise was defined as ≤1000 Kcal/wk of energy expenditure. For a statistical treatment, SPSS program was used.Multiple potential confounding variables were also assessed for a possible association with or influence on pregnancy outcome (age, parity, smoking, employment, standing posture, etc.Our results did not show any associations of the exercise during pregnancy with adverse or negative blood pressure outcome.
KEY WORDS: Exercise, pregnancy, blood pressure

A pesar de los innegables avances de la ciencia, cuando se habla de la relación entre la actividad física y el embarazo, existen aún una gran cantidad de cuestiones sin resolver. Un ejemplo de ello es saber qué sucede con el funcionamiento de ciertos órganos y sistemas cuando la mujer embarazada realiza ejercicio, más aún cuando hablamos de parámetros, como los cardiovasculares, que se modifican de manera importante durante la gestación. Este trabajo de investigación pretende conocer la influencia del ejercicio físico de carácter aeróbico, desarrollado durante el segundo y tercer trimestre de embarazo sobre el comportamiento de la Tensi

Efeitos do treinamento físico sobre a resistência mecânica do terço proximal do fêmur de ratos Effects of physical training on the mechanical resistance of rat femur proximal thirds

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Andreo Fernando Aguiar

2010-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar o comportamento mecânico do terço proximal do fêmur de ratos submetidos ao treinamento aeróbio e resistido crônicos. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos (80 dias, 300 a 350 g foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=8 por grupo: Treinamento aeróbio/8 semanas (TA, Treinamento resistido/8 semanas (TR e controle/8 semanas (CO. Ao término do período de treinamento os animais foram sacrificados e o fêmur direito coletado. Para análise do comportamento mecânico do fêmur foram realizados ensaios de flexo-compressão. RESULTADOS: O treinamento resistido ocasionou redução significante da força máxima (Fmáx do fêmur. Por outro lado, promoveu um aumento (23,7% relevante, porém não significante, da deformação da força máxima (DFmáx. O treinamento aeróbio não afetou a Fmáx, porém promoveu uma redução (26,6% considerável, também não significante, da DFmáx. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstram que o treinamento resistido e aeróbio, promoveram redução da Fmáx e da DFmáx óssea, respectivamente. Os dados evidenciam uma ação diferencial de ambos os modelos de treinamento físico sobre as propriedades mecânicas do fêmur de ratos.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanical behavior of rat femur proximal thirds submitted to chronic aerobic and resistance training. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (80 days of age, weighing 300 to 350 g were divided into 3 groups (n=8 per group: control (CO, aerobic training (TA and resistance training (TR. At the end of the training, the animals were euthanized and the right femur was collected. Flexion-compression tests were carried out to analyze the mechanical behavior of the femurs. RESULTS: The resistance training promoted a significant reduction in maximum force (Fmáx of the femur. However, it also promoted a relevant increase (23.7%, though without statistical significance, in maximum force deformation (DFmáx. The aerobic training did not affect maximum force, however, it caused a

The direct effect of aerosols on solar radiation over the broader Mediterranean basin

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C. D. Papadimas

2012-08-01

Full Text Available For the first time, the direct radiative effect (DRE of aerosols on solar radiation is computed over the entire Mediterranean basin, one of the most climatically sensitive world regions, using a deterministic spectral radiation transfer model (RTM. The DRE effects on the outgoing shortwave radiation at the top of atmosphere (TOA, DRE_TOA, on the absorption of solar radiation in the atmospheric column, DRE_atm, and on the downward and absorbed surface solar radiation (SSR, DRE_surf and DRE_netsurf, respectively, are computed separately. The model uses input data for the period 2000–2007 for various surface and atmospheric parameters, taken from satellite (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, ISCCP-D2, Global Reanalysis projects (National Centers for Environmental Prediction – National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCEP/NCAR, and other global databases. The spectral aerosol optical properties (aerosol optical depth, AOD, asymmetry parameter, g_aer and single scattering albedo, ω_aer, are taken from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration and they are supplemented by the Global Aerosol Data Set (GADS. The model SSR fluxes have been successfully validated against measurements from 80 surface stations of the Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA covering the period 2000–2007.

A planetary cooling is found above the Mediterranean on an annual basis (regional mean DRE_TOA = −2.4 W m⁻². Although a planetary cooling is found over most of the region, of up to −7 W m⁻², large positive DRE_TOA values (up to +25 W m⁻² are found over North Africa, indicating a strong planetary warming, and a weaker warming over the Alps (+0.5 W m⁻². Aerosols are found to increase the absorption of solar radiation in the atmospheric

A concise review of Harwell modelling of fission gas behaviour

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wood, M.H.; Hayns, M.R.

1976-07-01

A review is presented of recent theoretical studies, performed at AERE Harwell, of fission gas behaviour in nuclear fuels. This includes a brief description of the rather sophisticated model approach and a discussion of the application of these models to predicting fission gas release and swelling in both normal operational and transient regimes. These studies have resulted in the derivation of more computationally efficient models which are also described. (author)

La energía humana el esfuerzo físico

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Luis Suárez Flórez

1991-01-01

Full Text Available Se llama la atención sobre la energía humana, su importancia como elemento de productividad y como principio ó quizás como fin de la actividad deportiva. Se estudia el máximo esfuerzo físico, así como también algunos conceptos acerca de la energía aeróbica y la energía anaeróbica.

Assessment of axial gamma dose rate profile on irradiated fuel assembly using polycarbonate film and perspex dosimeters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joshi, V.B.; Janardhanan, S.; Pillai, P.R.; Somanathan, K.; Narayan, K.K.; John, J.; Kutty, K.N.; Deo, V.R.; Popli, O.L.

1986-01-01

The dose-rate profile of irradiated fuel rod is required for optimisation of radiation shielding from safety point of view during storage, handling and metallurgical examination. Since the dose-rates are in kilogray per hour, their determination requires special evaluation techniques. This paper illustrates the application of Makrofol-N and red perspex (AERE 4034B) for this purpose. They are compared with CaSO 4 :Dy thermoluminescence dosimeter. (author). 4 refs

Remoção de macronutrientes de efluente da indústria de castanha de caju por uso de reator aeróbio em batelada com inóculo fúngico Removal of macronutrients from effluent of a cashew nut industry by using a batch aerobic reactor with fungal inoculums

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Marina Santos da Silva Lopes

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Foi estudada a eficiência da remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo do efluente de indústria de castanha de caju, por uso de reator aeróbio em batelada com inóculo de Aspergillus niger AN400. O reator recebeu 5 L de água residuária, acrescida de glicose, na concentração de 1 g.L-1 (Etapa I e de 5 g.L-1 (Etapa II . Cada etapa teve seis ciclos operacionais, cada um com tempo de reação total de sete dias. Os valores de pH dos efluentes na Etapa I variaram de 6,4 a 8,7 e na Etapa II , de 3,1 a 7,0. Durante a Etapa II , o reator alcançou bons resultados para remoção de nutrientes sem acúmulo de sua concentração no meio: 49% de fósforo total, 60% de ortofosfato, 79% de amônia, 78% de nitrato e 90% de nitrito, indicando que a menor liberação de nutrientes pelos micro-organismos ocorreu na presença de concentração elevada de glicose.It was studied the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus from effluent of a cashew nut industry by using an aerobic reactor operated in repetitive batch, inoculated with Aspergillus niger AN400. The reactor was fed with 5 L of wastewater, supplemented with glucose in the concentration of 1 g.L-1 (Phase I and 5 g.L-1 (Phase II . Each phase had six operational cycles, with total reaction time of seven days per cycle. The pH values of the effluents in Phase I varied from 6.4 to 8.7 and in Phase II , it varied from 3.1 to 7.0. The reactor achieved good results of removal without nutrients accumulated in the medium, during Phase II : 49% to total phosphorus, 60% to orthophosphate, 79% to ammonia, 78% to nitrate, and 90% to nitrite, indicating that the lesser release of nutrients by microorganisms occurred in the presence of higher glucose concentration.

O papel do Aeroclube do Brasil na construção de uma política nacional de aviação brasileira (1911-1972

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Claudia Musa Fay

Full Text Available RESUMO Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial houve grande desenvolvimento técnico da indústria aer onáutica mundial com o surgimento de aviões maiores e mais seguros. Data desta época a expansão do treinamento de pilotos no Bra sil, cuja formação foi incentivada por meio da campanha “Dêem Asas ao Brasil”, lançada pelo Ministério da Aeronáutica na década de 40, em cuja organização o Aeroclube do Brasil teve um papel fundamental. Este artigo analisa, baseado em estudo de caso longitudinal e por meio de fotografias, depoimentos e publicações da época, o surgimento, a trajetória e a atuação do Aeroclube do Brasil não somente na história da aviação brasileira, mas no cenário nacional complexo do período pós-guerra. O artigo abarca o período de 1911, data da fundação do Aeroclube do Brasil, até 1972, quando suas atividades foram encerradas no aeródromo de Manguinhos, iniciando uma nova fase de dis putas judiciais para permanência no Aeroporto de Jacarepaguá.

Computed tomography of the chest in surgical case

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsubota, Noriaki; Ohyama, Tadashi; Kubota, Hideo; Shirakawa, Masaru; Yoshie, Tetsuo

1979-01-01

Twenty-one surgical cases out of 31 thoracic were discussed in comparison with computed tomography (CT), conventional chest x-ray film and findings on operation. CT was found useful in several respects. Azygo-esophageal recess (AER), which is normally seen between the vertebra and the carina, disappeared in the cases with enlarged lymph nodes around the carina. But AER was kept in the same fashion as normal in all cases free from those nodes enlargement. A low density line between tumor shadow and the mediastinum was good information to know preoperatively whether it was resectable or not. There were no resected cases of which CT films failed to show the border of the tumor shadow. Though CT is often used to evaluate mediastinal tumor, because of its horizontal cross picture, it is seldom diagnostic. Enlarged thoracic aorta and a minimum amount of calcium on its wall, and fat tissue in the retrosternal space which conventional x-ray films failed to reveal in both cases were definitive signs of aneurysm of thoracic aorta and foramen of Morgagni hernia respectively. CT is also able to demonstrate a small pulmonary nodules in the fields in much more early stage than conventional x-ray film is, which must be good adjunct to detect lung cancer. (author)

LHX2 Mediates the FGF-to-SHH Regulatory Loop during Limb Development

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Billy A. Watson

2018-06-01

Full Text Available During limb development, fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs govern proximal–distal outgrowth and patterning. FGFs also synchronize developmental patterning between the proximal–distal and anterior–posterior axes by maintaining Sonic hedgehog (Shh expression in cells of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA in the distal posterior mesoderm. Shh, in turn, maintains Fgfs in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER that caps the distal tip of the limb bud. Crosstalk between Fgf and Shh signaling is critical for patterned limb development, but the mechanisms underlying this feedback loop are not well-characterized. Implantation of Fgf beads in the proximal posterior limb bud can maintain SHH expression in the former ZPA domain (evident 3 h after application, while prolonged exposure (24 h can induce SHH outside of this domain. Although temporally and spatially disparate, comparative analysis of transcriptome data from these different populations accentuated genes involved in SHH regulation. Comparative analysis identified 25 candidates common to both treatments, with eight linked to SHH expression or function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LHX2, a LIM Homeodomain transcription factor, is an intermediate in the FGF-mediated regulation of SHH. Our data suggest that LHX2 acts as a competency factor maintaining distal posterior SHH expression subjacent to the AER.

Progress report on SYVAC chemical speciation modelling studies during 1983/4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cross, J.; Smith, G.L.; Williams, D.R.

1984-01-01

This report summarises progress made on the SYVAC (System Variability Analysis program) chemical speciation project during 1983-4. Chemical speciation is defined and its importance in the SYVAC approach to Radioactive Waste Management is discussed. Computer modelling of chemical equilibria is described and the two programs presently operational at UWIST - SOLMNQ and MINEQL - are compared and discussed in detail. In view of the shortcomings of the databases supplied with these programs, a new database of equilibrium constants has been compiled containing 483 aqueous species and 329 solid phases, including data for the radionuclides uranium, plutonium, americium, neptunium and thorium. The collaborative work with AERE, Harwell, is reported. A leaching experiment carried out at Harwell has been modelled using the chemical speciation programs. The results for uranium, plutonium, americium and neptunium, are presented. However, the experimental data provided by AERE is insufficient for accurate simulations. Chemical speciation studies relating to specific sites require accurate characterisation of the groundwater, i.e. chemical composition, Eh and pH. In the absence of such information, preliminary studies have been made using an average granite groundwater. The results of these studies are presented and include solubility and speciation plots for uranium, plutonium, thorium and neptunium. The future aims of the project are discussed. (author)

Hepatitis B reactivation and rituximab: a new boxed warning and considerations for solid organ transplantation.

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, S T; Cardwell, S M; Nailor, M D; Gabardi, S

2014-04-01

Use of rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed at the CD20 antigen, continues to increase in solid organ transplantation (SOT) for several off-label uses. In September 2013, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Drug Safety Communication to oncology, rheumatology and pharmacy communities outlining a new Boxed Warning for rituximab. Citing 109 cases of fatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in persons receiving rituximab therapy with previous or chronic HBV infection documented in their Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS), the FDA recommends screening for HBV serologies in all patients planned to receive rituximab and antiviral prophylaxis in any patient with a positive history of HBV infection. There is a lack of data pertaining to this topic in the SOT population despite an increase in off-label indications. Previous reports suggest patients receiving rituximab, on average, were administered six doses prior to HBV reactivation. Recommendations on prophylaxis, treatment and re-challenging patients with therapy after resolution of reactivation remain unclear. Based on data from the FDA AERS and multiple analyses in oncology, SOT providers utilizing rituximab should adhere to the FDA warnings and recommendations regarding HBV reactivation until further data are available in the SOT population. © Copyright 2014 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Working group on VVER safety analysis - report of the 2010 meeting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kliem, S.

2010-01-01

The AER Working Group D on WWER reactor safety analysis held its nineteenth meeting in Pisa, Italy, during the period 15-16 April, 2010. The meeting was hosted by the San Piero a Grado Nuclear Research Group of the University of Pisa and was held in conjunction with the second workshop on the OECD/NEA Benchmark for the Kalinin-3 WWER-1000 NPP and the fourth workshop on the OECD Benchmark for Uncertainty Analysis in Best-Estimate Modelling (UAM) for Design, Operation and Safety Analysis of LWRs. Altogether 12 participants attended the meeting of the working group D, 8 from AER member organizations and 4 guests from non-member organization. The co-ordinator of the working group, Mr. S. Kliem, served as chairman of the meeting. The meeting started with a general information exchange about the recent activities in the participating organizations. The given presentations and the discussions can be attributed to the following topics:-Code validation and benchmarking including the calculation of the OECD/NEA Benchmark for the Kalinin-3 WWER-1000 NPP;-Safety analyses and code developments;-Future activities A list of the participants and a list of the handouts distributed at the meeting are attached to the report. The corresponding PDF-files can be obtained from the chairman. (Author)

Impact of starvation on survival, meat condition and metabolism of Chlamys farreri

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Hong-Sheng; Wang, Jian; Zhou, Yi; Wang, Ping; He, Yi-Chao; Zhang, Fu-Sui

2001-03-01

The effects of 60-day starvation on survival rate, condition index (CI), changes of nutrient composition of different tissues, respiration and excretion of scallop Chlamys farreri were studied in laboratory from Oct. 17 to Dec. 15, 1997. Two groups (control and starvation with 200 individuals each) were cultured in two 2 m3 tanks, with 31 to 32 salinity water at 17°C. Starvation effects were measured after 10, 20, 40 and 60 days. There was no mass mortality of scallops of the two tanks and survival rates of the control and starvation groups were 93.5% and 92.0%, respectively. Starvation had strong effect on the meat condition of the scallops, especially after 10 days; when relative lipid percentage dropped sharply while relative protein percentage increased. The impact of starvation on the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the ammonia-N excretion rate (AER) was obvious. The OCR increased rapidly after 10 days but decreased after 20 days. The AER increased after 10 days and 20 days, but decreased obviously from 20 to 40 days. The O∶N ratios varied to different degrees, and minimized after 20 days. The low O∶N ratios implied that the protein was the main material for the metabolism of C. farreri.

Cambio en azúcares fermentables en la remolacha azucarera almacenada en atmósferas aerobia y anaerobia para la producción de etanol

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Juan Manuel Vargas Ramírez

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Los métodos de almacenamiento de largo plazo son necesarios para preservar los azúcares fermentables en la remolacha y permitir el funcionamiento exitoso a lo largo del año en las plantas procesadoras para la obtención de etanol. Se estudió el almacenamiento anaeróbico de la remolacha azucarera como una alternativa al almacenamiento convencional en pilas a la intemperie utilizado actualmente en fábricas de azúcar de remolacha. Los resultados experimentales indican una pérdida de <15% en el total de los azúcares fermentables en la remolacha azucarera almacenada anaeróbicamente durante 14 semanas a 4 °C. Después de 14 semanas de almacenamiento, 99 ± 4% de los azúcares fermentables iniciales fueron preservados en la remolacha almacenada en condiciones aeróbicas a 4 °C. El almacenamiento aeróbico y anaeróbico de remolacha azucarera a 25 ° C conserva 82 ± 9 y 48 ± 11% del contenido de azúcar fermentable, respectivamente. Los azúcares fermentables y etanol en exudados contribuyeron insignificantemente (<3% para el rendimiento del etanol global de remolacha azucarera después del almacenamiento.

Detection of systemic hypersensitivity to drugs using standard guinea pig assays.

Science.gov (United States)

Weaver, James L; Staten, David; Swann, Joslyn; Armstrong, George; Bates, Melissa; Hastings, Kenneth L

2003-12-01

The most commonly used assays designed to detect either skin or systemic immune-based hypersensitivity reactions are those using guinea pigs (GP). We obtained data from various FDA records to evaluate the correlation between GP assay results and reported post-marketing systemic hypersensitivity reactions. We examined the new drug application (NDA) reviews of approved drugs for the results of GP assays. Post-marketing human data were extracted from the FDA adverse event reporting system (AERS). Drug usage data were obtained from a commercial database maintained by IMS Health Inc. We found 83 (21%) of 396 drugs approved between 1978 and 1998 had reported GP test results. Among these 83 drugs, 14 (17%) were found to have positive results in at least one GP assay. Simple reporting index (RI) values for systemic hypersensitivity reactions were calculated from AERS data and usage to produce the index of adverse event reports per million shipping units of drug. A variety of definitions of positive human response were examined. A statistically significant association was seen for rash between post-marketing and clinical trials adverse event reports. No statistically significant associations between human data and GP test results were observed. These data suggest that standard GP assays have limited ability to predict human systemic hypersensitivity potential for pharmaceuticals.

Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk for Fracture at Specific Sites: Data Mining of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Liwei; Li, Mei; Cao, Yuying; Han, Zhengqi; Wang, Xueju; Atkinson, Elizabeth J; Liu, Hongfang; Amin, Shreyasee

2017-07-17

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to treat gastric acid-related disorders. Concerns have been raised about potential fracture risk, especially at the hip, spine and wrist. However, fracture risk at other bone sites has not been as well studied. We investigated the association between PPIs and specific fracture sites using an aggregated knowledge-enhanced database, the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Data Mining Set (AERS-DM). Proportional reporting ratio (PRR) was used to detect statistically significant associations (signals) between PPIs and fractures. We analyzed both high level terms (HLT) and preferred terms (PT) for fracture sites, defined by MedDRA (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities). Of PPI users reporting fractures, the mean age was 65.3 years and the female to male ratio was 3.4:1. Results revealed signals at multiple HLT and PT fracture sites, consistent for both sexes. These included fracture sites with predominant trabecular bone, not previously reported as being associated with PPIs, such as 'rib fractures', where signals were detected for overall PPIs as well as for each of 5 generic ingredients (insufficient data for dexlansoprazole). Based on data mining from AERS-DM, PPI use appears to be associated with an increased risk for fractures at multiple sites.

Estudo do raspado de conjuntiva e margem palpebral de pacientes tratados de retinoblastoma: etapa I - Microflora aeróbica Study of the conjunctival scrape and eyelid margin smears in patients treated for retinoblastoma: phase I - Aerobic microflora

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Carmen Menezes Santos

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: A queixa de secreção ocular é muito freqüente entre os pacientes tratados de retinoblastoma submetidos à enucleação e radioterapia. A falta de dados sobre a microflora em pacientes nessas condições foi o que motivou este estudo. Métodos: Foram examinadas 114 órbitas de 58 pacientes. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados das culturas para bactérias aeróbicas e fungos, de conjuntiva e margem palpebral em 4 condições, com e sem enucleação, com e sem radioterapia. Procedeu-se à identificação dos microrganismos de acordo com o Protocolo do National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards e os esfregaços para citologia foram submetidos às colorações de Gram e Leishman. Resultados: A presença de microrganismos foi mais freqüente nas cavidades anoftálmicas irradiadas, tanto na conjuntiva (54,5% quanto na margem palpebral (63,6%, porém sem diferença estatisticamente significante. Além disso, em órbitas com bulbo ocular, a radiação, na fase tardia, representou um fator limitante da presença de microrganismos na conjuntiva e na margem palpebral, mas sem diferença estatisticamente significante. O Staphylococcus coagulase negativa foi o microrganismo mais freqüente na conjuntiva e margem palpebral de todos os grupos. Houve crescimento de fungo, Candida tropicalis, em apenas um caso. Conclusões: Sugere-se o uso de colírios antibióticos em pacientes tratados de retinoblastoma, portadores de cavidade anoftálmica, irradiada ou não.Purpose: Conjunctival discharge is a common complaint among patients treated for retinoblastoma who underwent enucleation and radiotherapy. Lack of data about the microflora in those patients motivated this study. Methods: One hundred and fourteen orbits of 58 patients were examined. The authors present the results of aerobic bacterial and fungal culture of conjunctival and eyelid margin smears, as well as conjunctival cytology, in 4 different conditions: with and without

Estimativa do custo energético e contribuição das diferentes vias metabólicas na canoagem de velocidade Estimativa del costo energético y contribución de las diferentes vias metabólicas en el canotage de velocidad Energetic cost estimation and contribution of different metabolic pathways in speed kayaking

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio Yuzo Nakamura

2004-04-01

Full Text Available O desempenho na canoagem de velocidade depende da capacidade de o organismo regenerar ATP em grandes quantidades e a altas taxas, a partir das diferentes vias metabólicas. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi combinar dois modelos bioenergéticos, um genérico denominado de potência crítica e outro específico para a canoagem, proposto por Zamparo et al. (1999, na tentativa de produzir estimativas de aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia para essa modalidade, bem como estabelecer estimativas não-invasivas da contribuição dos sistemas aeróbio e anaeróbio para diferentes distâncias percorridas. Para tanto, 11 atletas de canoagem (16,0 ± 1,2 anos; 174,0 ± 2,4cm; 65,2 ± 4,4kg, do sexo masculino, percorreram diferentes distâncias (500, 1.000 e 1.790m, na máxima velocidade possível, em embarcações do tipo K-1, em um lago com águas calmas. As informações obtidas foram inicialmente convertidas em quantidades geradas de trabalho (kJ e potência interna (W. Posteriormente, os valores individuais estimados foram aplicados às três equações preditivas da potência crítica (PCrit e capacidade de trabalho anaeróbio (CTAnaer. Por fim, os valores produzidos foram transformados em unidades de equivalentes de oxigênio para a estimativa da contribuição aeróbia (equivalente de O2 para a PCrit x tempo para a distância e anaeróbia (equivalente de O2 para a CTAnaer x tempo para a distância, nas diferentes distâncias. A contribuição aeróbia relativa encontrada para as diferentes distâncias analisadas (500, 1.000 e 1.790m foi de 60,6, 78,6 e 89,4%, respectivamente. Os resultados encontrados confirmaram as informações produzidas anteriormente por outras investigações, o que sugere que os procedimentos adotados neste estudo podem fornecer estimativas confiáveis sobre a participação das vias energéticas no desempenho de canoagem.El desempeño del canotaje de velocidad depende de la capacidad del organismo de regenerar ATP en

Nuclear electronic instrument systems using the Harwell 6000 series

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seymour, F.D.; Snelling, G.F.; Hawthorn, I.

1980-01-01

This report describes some of the more recent equipment designed by the Systems Instrumentation Unit (AERE, Harwell), in the Harwell 6000 modular format. The units include: Laboratory Instruments (alpha monitors, beta-gamma detectors, spectrometers, automatic sample changer systems, automated counting laboratory systems, low power systems). Environmental Monitors (nuclear plant monitor, air monitor, sea bed monitor). Process Instruments (plutonium waste control, x-ray fluorescence monitor, process monitor, beam current monitor, effluent monitors). (U.K.)

Military Application of Space-Time Adaptive Processing (Les applications militaires du traitement adaptatif espace-temps)

Science.gov (United States)

2003-04-01

SAR system”, Proc. EUSAR’98, 25-27 May 1998, Friedrichshafen , Ger- many [15] Farina, A., Timmoneri, L., ”Space-time processing for AEW radar”, Proc...98, Friedrichshafen , Germany, 25-27 May 1998. [PSF00] V. Pascazio, G. Schirinzi, A. Farina, “ Along track interferometry by one bit coded SAR signals...airborne multi-channel SAR systems AER II.The air- borne experimental multi-channel SAR system”, Proc. EUSAR’98, 25-27 May 1998, Friedrichshafen , Ger

A code of practice for use in biomedical research involving the irradiation of employees of the UKAEA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morgan, A.; Foord, N.

1976-08-01

Volunteers have been used in biomedical studies are AERE Harwell since 1964. The procedures to be followed by investigators and the responsibilities of the Head of Environmental and Medical Sciences Division of the Chief of Medical Services were described in the minutes of the inaugural meeting of the Inhalation Studies and Approval Committee. Recently, these procedures have been reviewed and to make then readily available are summarised in this Code of Practice. (author)

Peri and Postparturient Concentrations of Lipid Lipoprotein Insulin and Glucose in Normal Dairy Cows

OpenAIRE

BAŞOĞLU, Abdullah; SEVİNÇ, Mutlu; OK, Mahmut

1998-01-01

In order to provide uniqe insight into the metabolic disturbences seen after calving cholesterol, triglycerid, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, glucose and insulin levels in serum were studied before calving (group I), in aerly (group II) and late (group III) lactation in 24 normal cows. Serum lipoproteins were separeted into various density classes by repeated ultracentrifugation. The results indicate that there was a rise in glucose, trygl...

Stable haptic feedback based on a Dynamic Vision Sensor for Microrobotics.

OpenAIRE

Bolopion , Aude; Ni , Zhenjiang; Agnus , Joël; Benosman , Ryad; Régnier , Stéphane

2012-01-01

International audience; This work presents a stable vision based haptic feedback for micromanipulation using both an asynchronous Address Event Representation (AER) silicon retina and a conventional frame-based camera. At this scale, most of the grippers used to manipulate objects lack of force sensing. High frequency vision detection thus provides a sound solution to get information about the position of the object and the tool to provide virtual haptic guides. Artificial retinas present hig...

Aircraft Steels

Science.gov (United States)

2009-02-19

component usage. PH 13-8Mo is a precipitation-hardenable martensitic stainless steel combining excellent corrosion resistance with strength. Custom 465 is...a martensitic , age-hardenable stainless steel capable of about 1,724 MPa (250 ksi) UTS when peak-aged (H900 condition). Especially, this steel can...NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Five high strength steels (4340, 300M, AerMet 100, Ferrium S53, and Hy-Tuf) and four stainless steels (High Nitrogen, 13

A comprehensive test specification for pulse fission counters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roberts, D L [Control and Instrumentation Division, Atomic Energy Establishment, Winfrith, Dorchester, Dorset (United Kingdom)

1962-02-15

The following test specification is based on the memorandum AERE - M 728 which it now replaces It contains a standard acceptance test procedure for the many U.K.A.E.A, designed pulse fission counters now commercially available. This test specification may be used for any pulse fission counter provided a specification sheet as shown in Appendix 3 is supplied to the contractor quoting this report and including specified values for the measured quantities. (author)

Small-angle neutron-scattering experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hardy, A.D.; Thomas, M.W.; Rouse, K.D.

1981-04-01

A brief introduction to the technique of small-angle neutron scattering is given. The layout and operation of the small-angle scattering spectrometer, mounted on the AERE PLUTO reactor, is also described. Results obtained using the spectrometer are presented for three materials (doped uranium dioxide, Magnox cladding and nitrided steel) of interest to Springfields Nuclear Power Development Laboratories. The results obtained are discussed in relation to other known data for these materials. (author)

The Morishima Gross elasticity of substitution

OpenAIRE

Blackorby, Charles; Primont, Daniel; Russell, R. Robert

2007-01-01

We show that the Hotelling-Lau elasticity of substitution, an extension of the Allen-Uzawa elasticity to allow for optimal output-quantity (or utility) responses to changes in factor prices, inherits all of the failings of the Allen-Uzawa elasticity identified by Blackorby and Russell [1989 AER]. An analogous extension of the Morishima elasticity of substitution to allow for output quantity changes preserves the salient properties of the original Hicksian notion of elasticity of substitution.

Implementation of GNASH and auxiliary codes on the Harwell CRAY-1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muir, D.W.

1985-07-01

The report describes a version of the preequilibrium, statistical nuclear-model code GNASH which has been implemented, along with a set of small auxiliary codes, on the CRAY-1 at AERE Harwell. GNASH provides a flexible tool for calculating cross sections, isomer ratios and emission spectra. A detailed description of the current user input is provided along with a full listing of the actual FORTRAN code, as modified for this implementation. (author)

An Annotated Bibliography of the Literature Dealing with the Physiological Correlates of Cognitive Performance

Science.gov (United States)

1978-06-01

responses (AER) with a photo-optico-electronic method. Habituation was obtained by binaural stimulation with monotonously repeated clicki of a constant...Bonsper, D. E. The effect of increased information processing on sinus arrhythmia and heart beat Monti-y,7UalTfrniaITNaval Postgraduate School...September 1970. (NTIS No. ’’A’’A f śS4) This experiment investigated the eflt of increased information processing on heart beat and sinus arrhythmia. A

Decomposition of aquatic macrophytes from Cantá stream (Roraima, Brazil: kinetics approach Decomposição de macrófitas aquáticas do Igarapé do Cantá (Roraima, Brasil: aspectos cinéticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha-Santino

2010-06-01

.OBJETIVOS: Este artigo descreve e compara a cinética de decomposição aeróbia e anaeróbia de Eleocharis interstincta, Nymphaea sp. e Montrichardia arborescens; MÉTODOS: Amostras de água e de macrófitas aquáticas foram coletadas no Igarapé do Cantá (02° 49' 11" N e 60° 40' 24" W, Cantá, Roraima, Brasil. O material foi seco e triturado e para cada condição experimental (aeróbia e anaeróbia, foram preparadas câmaras de mineralização contendo fragmentos de planta e água do igarapé. O volume de gases na mineralização anaeróbia foi monitorado durante 78 dias e consumo de oxigênio durante 121 dias; RESULTADOS: Os resultados da decomposição aeróbia e anaeróbia foram ajustados a um modelo cinético de 1ª ordem. O consumo de oxigênio variou de 195,36 mg.g-1 (PS para E. interstincta a 629,46 mg g-1 (PS para Nymphaea sp. A mineralização de M. arborescens apresentou o coeficiente de desoxigenação mais elevado (0,049 dia-1, seguida por E. interstincta (0,038 dia-1 e Nymphaea sp. (0,027 dia-1. Na condição anaeróbia, a evolução de gases apresentou duas fases: consumo e formação. De acordo com a variação temporal do carbono mineralizado, a decomposição anaeróbia de M. arborescens apresentou o coeficiente de mineralização mais elevado (0,0047 dia-1; seguido por Nymphaea sp. (0,0035 dia-1 e de E. interstincta (0,0017 dia-1; CONCLUSÃO: Baseado nestes resultados foi possível concluir que durante a decomposição aeróbia dessas macrófitas aquáticas, Nymphaea sp. foi responsável pela maior demanda de oxigênio e M. arborescens gerou as maiores produções de gases durante a mineralização anaeróbia. Em média, o processo aeróbio foi 11 vezes maior que o anaeróbio. Em relação aos fluxos de materiais em ecossistemas de água doce, as baixas taxas de decomposição observadas no processo anaeróbio, quando comparado com as taxas do decaimento aeróbio permite refletir que os sedimentos atuam como um compartimento eficiente de sumidouro de

Aerobic deterioration influences the fermentative, microbiological and nutritional quality of maize and sorghum silages on farm in high quality milk and cheese production chains

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giorgio Borreani

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Maize and sorghum silages are good sources of energy for lactating dairy cows that produce milk destined for fresh and matured cheeses. Silages are usually stored in horizontal silos with or without side walls on commercial farms throughout the world. The main microbiological and nutritional quality problems are related to harvesting time, ensiling technology, and management practices during filling and feed-out. Aerobic deterioration is a key point that must avoided on farms in order to improve the hygienic, chemical and sensorial quality of milk and cheeses. Aerobic deterioration causes large losses of dry matter (DM and quality, and it can cause health problems for animals and humans through the transfer of pathogens and mycotoxins from feed and livestock to food products. The objectives of the present work were to overview management practices connected to the storage of maize and sorghum in horizontal silos on farms producing milk for make Protected Designation of Origin (PDO hard ripened cheese, to define good management practices that should be applied as the basis for safe silage production and to reduce the extent of aerobic deterioration.As silagens de milho e de sorgo são importantes fontes de energia em rações utilizadas na bovinocultura leiteira, sendo que a estocagem desses volumosos é realizada em silos horizontais com ou sem a presença de paredes laterais (trincheira ou superfície, respectivamente, os quais são atrativos em razão do baixo custo de armazenamento, porém suas conformações determinam grande superfície de exposição, o que torna as silagens mais susceptíveis a deterioração aeróbia. Os maiores problemas envolvendo a qualidade microbiológica e nutricional em silagens, estão relacionados às práticas de manejo na colheita, no abastecimento e compactação da massa, na vedação e, principalmente, durante o desabastecimento do silo. O controle da deterioração aeróbia em silagens pode ser o principal

Aptidão física associada às medidas antropométricas de escolares do ensino fundamental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viviane Andreasi

2010-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação da aptidão física relacionada à saúde com os indicadores demográficos e antropométricos de crianças de três escolas do município de Botucatu (SP. MÉTODOS: A amostra deste estudo transversal foi de 988 escolares do ensino fundamental, do 2º ao 9º ano (faixa etária de 7 a 15 anos. As avaliações realizadas foram antropométricas (peso, estatura, circunferência abdominal e dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular e de aptidão física relacionada à saúde (flexibilidade: teste de sentar e alcançar; força/resistência abdominal: teste abdominal em 1 minuto; e resistência aeróbia: teste de correr/andar por 9 minutos. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste t de Student, qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher e regressão logística com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: As aptidões físicas estudadas foram significativamente influenciadas por idade (todas, sexo (força/resistência abdominal, obesidade (todas, adiposidade corpórea (flexibilidade, força/resistência abdominal e adiposidade abdominal (força/resistência abdominal e resistência aeróbia. O sexo feminino mostrou-se mais propenso à inaptidão de força/resistência abdominal, enquanto que a obesidade e a hiperadiposidade abdominal predispõem os escolares à inaptidão de força/resistência abdominal e resistência aeróbia. O excesso de adiposidade corpórea aumentou as chances de ocorrência da flexibilidade do tronco fraca. CONCLUSÕES: As inaptidões físicas foram relacionadas ao sexo feminino, à obesidade e à hiperadiposidade abdominal. Programas de mudança do estilo de vida nas escolas, voltados à aptidão física e à adequação alimentar, preencheriam os objetivos de promoção da eutrofia e da maior aptidão física desses escolares.

Treinamento aerobio e resistido, qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional de hipertensas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thais Inacio Rolim Povoa

2014-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes hipertensos podem apresentar comprometimento da qualidade de vida (QV e da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS, tanto pela hipertensão arterial (HA, quanto pelos eventuais efeitos adversos do tratamento. Exercícios físicos, aeróbios e resistidos, melhoram a performance cardiorrespiratória e neuromuscular, mas há poucas evidências sobre seus efeitos na QV, QVRS e capacidade funcional (CF em mulheres hipertensas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar os efeitos dos treinamentos aeróbio e resistido sobre a QV, QVRS e a capacidade funcional em hipertensas. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico randomizado, cego, com total de 18 sessões de exercícios. Foram incluídas mulheres hipertensas sob tratamento medicamentoso, não participantes de programas de exercícios, com 50 anos de idade ou mais, que não apresentaram arritmias e/ou alterações isquêmicas em teste ergométrico (protocolo de Bruce. A amostra foi randomizada como segue: grupo aeróbio (GA (n = 21 e grupo resistido (GR (n = 20. Intensidade GA: leve a moderada (Escala de Borg adaptada; GR: até 50-65% de 1 RM. Duas séries com 12 a 15 repetições. Antes e após a intervenção foram aplicados os questionários WHOQOL-bref (QV e SF-36 (QVRS e realizado o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6` para avaliar a CF. Estatística: testes Shapiro-Wilk, t de Student, Fisher, U de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon. Nível de significância: p 0,05. Após a intervenção houve melhora significativa em todos os domínios do WHOQOL-bref no GA e no GR houve melhora no domínio aspectos físicos. No SF-36, constatou-se melhora significativa em sete de oito domínios tanto no GA quanto no GR. Capacidade funcional: verificou-se melhora nos dois grupos (p < 0,001. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois tipos de treinamento melhoraram a QV e a CF e, dependendo dos objetivos estabelecidos, ambos podem ser eficazes.

PRODUCCIÓN DE AGUA ELECTROLIZADA PARA ELIMINACIÓN DE MICROORGANISMOS EN LECHUGA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Adolfo Chaves

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Se llevó a cabo la construcción de una celda electrolítica para la producción de agua electrolizada oxidante (EO, observando constantemente su pH y contenido de cloro residual. La eficacia del agua EO (14ppm de cloro residual y pH 2.7±0.2 fue evaluada con la cepa de Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (Experimentos “in vitro” y carga microbiana de lechuga (recuento de bacterias mesófilas aeróbios, NMP coliformes y coliformes termotolerantes, hongos y levaduras. Después de obtener un inóculo de E. coli de 9 horas (fase estacionaria, 63 X 10 11UFC/ml, este fue sometido a tratamiento con agua EO en diferentes tiempos de exposición (0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20min para luego hacer recuentos en placa. Para el análisis microbiológico in vivo se sumergieron 10 gramos de lechuga en 200ml de agua EO a diferentes tiempos de acción (0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20min. Posterior a esto serealizaron pruebas microbiológicas de estos ensayos (Recuento de mesófilos aeróbios, número mas probable de coliformes totales, coliformes termotolerantes y recuento de hongos y levaduras. Los ensayos in vitro arrojaron datos que comprueban la acción microbicida del agua EO sobre el inoculo sometido a tratamiento durante 20 minutos, reduciendo en 11.34 Unidades Logarítmicas (UL los recuen-tos de E. coli.La experimentación con la lechuga mostró reducciones en el NMP de coliformes totales y termotolerantes que pasaron de >2400 NMP a <3 NMP, descenso de 4.16 UL para los recuentos de mesófilos aeróbios(Recuento inicial de 57 X 105 UFC/g y 3.95 UL para los de hongos y levaduras (recuento inicial de 89 X 103; luego del tratamiento con agua EO durante 20 min. Se demostró que la utilización de agua EO sobre lechuga contaminada tiene efecto microbicida estadísticamente significativo (p=0.0001, permitiendo de esta manera utilizar esta agua para el proceso de lavado y desinfección de las lechugas.

Harwell emergency handbook

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1986-12-01

The Harwell Laboratory Emergency Handbook 1987 contains emergency procedures to deal with any incident which might occur at AERE Harwell involving radioactive or toxic material releases. The Handbook gives details of the duties of members of the Site Emergency Organization and other key members of staff, the methods by which incidents are controlled, the communication links and liaison arrangements with other organizations and the possible consequences and actions that may be needed following an emergency. (UK)

The Processing and Mechanical Properties of High Temperature/High Performance Composites. Book 2, Section 2: Strength and Fracture Resistance

Science.gov (United States)

1989-10-15

anavlysis *(the omtd*delcno data, this WOarIncfancel lower the slope of she lotig cw t(i3) an h 1~ 0= ~ulidme fta seen. Consequently, the MAO analysis hat...ftypcal micromet ad aer) W nile ti moratt:uekt fro Fg.Alisth raliatontht omlee crcmfretil Whgesn a clexinvaantitie ar eo esenIolrfom deondisqunliely toin...Corp. West Palm Beach, FL ABSTRACT The effects of reinforcement debonding and work hardening on ductile reinforcement toughening of r.TiAl have been

Dynamic Fracture Simulations of Explosively Loaded Cylinders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arthur, Carly W. [Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Goto, D. M. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

2015-11-30

This report documents the modeling results of high explosive experiments investigating dynamic fracture of steel (AerMet® 100 alloy) cylinders. The experiments were conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) during 2007 to 2008 [10]. A principal objective of this study was to gain an understanding of dynamic material failure through the analysis of hydrodynamic computer code simulations. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional computational cylinder models were analyzed using the ALE3D multi-physics computer code.

Efectos de una dieta hipocalórica y de un programa de ejercicio físico de corta duración en el perfil lipídico y en la composición corporal de mujeres menopáusicas con sobrepeso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Rojano

2014-09-01

Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la combinación de un programa de ejercicio físico aeróbico y de fuerza de 6 semanas de duración y una dieta hipocalórica en mujeres menopáusicas con sobrepeso, provoca mejoras significativas en la composición corporal y una tendencia hacia la mejora del perfil lipídico, lo que puede repercutir positivamente en la calidad de vida.

Tratamiento no farmacológico de la hipertensión arterial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Manuel Sosa-Rosado

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A todos los pacientes hipertensos debe recomendárseles modificaciones del estilo de vida, con estrategias como limitar el consumo de sal y alcohol, conseguir el peso adecuado, realizar ejercicios aeróbicos, incentivar el consumo de frutas, verduras y productos lácteos descremados. En el presente artículo se presenta un ensayo de adaptación de estas recomendaciones dietéticas en la realidad de nuestro país.

How does the plasmonic enhancement of molecular absorption depend on the energy gap between molecular excitation and plasmon modes: a mixed TDDFT/FDTD investigation.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Jin; Li, Guang; Liang, WanZhen

2015-07-14

A real-time time-dependent density functional theory coupled with the classical electrodynamics finite difference time domain technique is employed to systematically investigate the optical properties of hybrid systems composed of silver nanoparticles (NPs) and organic adsorbates. The results demonstrate that the molecular absorption spectra throughout the whole energy range can be enhanced by the surface plasmon resonance of Ag NPs; however, the absorption enhancement ratio (AER) for each absorption band differs significantly from the others, leading to the quite different spectral profiles of the hybrid complexes in contrast to those of isolated molecules or sole NPs. Detailed investigations reveal that the AER is sensitive to the energy gap between the molecular excitation and plasmon modes. As anticipated, two separate absorption bands, corresponding to the isolated molecules and sole NPs, have been observed at a large energy gap. When the energy gap approaches zero, the molecular excitation strongly couples with the plasmon mode to form the hybrid exciton band, which possesses the significantly enhanced absorption intensity, a red-shifted peak position, a surprising strongly asymmetric shape of the absorption band, and the nonlinear Fano effect. Furthermore, the dependence of surface localized fields and the scattering response functions (SRFs) on the geometrical parameters of NPs, the NP-molecule separation distance, and the external-field polarizations has also been depicted.

AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DAS MISTURAS DE TEMPEROS PRONTOS PARA USO EM PRODUTOS DE CARNE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Leite HOFFMANN

2009-07-01

Full Text Available

RESUMO: Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas, para determinar o número e os principais tipos ou grupos de microorganismos contidos em diferentes misturas de temperos prontos, para uso em produtos à base de carne (salsicha, lingüiça, mortadela e hambúrguer, através das seguintes determinações: enumeração de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, enumeração de bolores e leveduras, determinação do número mais provável de coliformes totais e de coliformes fecais, pesquisa de Escherichia coli e pesquisa de Salmonella sp. Após a análise dos resultados obtidos e da comparação dos mesmos com a legislação em vigor, foi verificado que das doze amostras de condimentos analisadas, oito apresentaram contagens de bolores e leveduras acima do padrão estabelecido; sete estavam contaminadas por Salmonella; duas apresentaram coliformes façais; quatro apresentaram coliformes totais e em todas elas foi constatada a presença de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas. Das doze amostras analisadas, apenas duas estavam de acordo com os padrões vigentes, e poderiam ser utilizadas na elaboração de alimentos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Condimentos; avaliação microbiológica.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Pediatric and Adult Patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kerem YILMAZ

2017-06-01

Full Text Available We aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and the prevalence of certain virulence genes in uropathogenic E. coli isolated from pediatric and adult patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection.We examined nonduplicate 83 uropathogenic E. coli isolated from mid-stream clean-catch urine samples of the pediatric and adult outpatients with the diagnosis of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection. VITEK® 2 automated system (bioMerieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France was used for identification and determination of antimicrobial resistance. We examined the isolates in respect to their antimicrobial resistance patterns and the presence of virulence genes (pap, aer, sfa, hly and cnf-1. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of the E. coli isolates revealed that commonly used empiric antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ampicillin and cephalothin for urinary tract infections were less effective than others. Most frequently detected virulence genes were pap and aer in both age groups. Sfa and hly genes were the least frequently detected genes in the pediatric age group; hly gene was the also the least common in the adult age group. There was no association with virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns of the uropathogenic E. coli isolates in contrary to literature. More comprehensive studies with larger sample groups are needed to demonstrate the relation between virulence factors with antimicrobial drugs in different age groups.

Vertebrate limb development: moving from classical morphogen gradients to an integrated 4-dimensional patterning system.

Science.gov (United States)

Bénazet, Jean-Denis; Zeller, Rolf

2009-10-01

A wealth of classical embryological manipulation experiments taking mainly advantage of the chicken limb buds identified the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) as the respective ectodermal and mesenchymal key signaling centers coordinating proximodistal (PD) and anteroposterior (AP) limb axis development. These experiments inspired Wolpert's French flag model, which is a classic among morphogen gradient models. Subsequent molecular and genetic analysis in the mouse identified retinoic acid as proximal signal, and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and sonic hedgehog (SHH) as the essential instructive signals produced by AER and ZPA, respectively. Recent studies provide good evidence that progenitors are specified early with respect to their PD and AP fates and that morpho-regulatory signaling is also required for subsequent proliferative expansion of the specified progenitor pools. The determination of particular fates seems to occur rather late and depends on additional signals such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which indicates that cells integrate signaling inputs over time and space. The coordinate regulation of PD and AP axis patterning is controlled by an epithelial-mesenchymal feedback signaling system, in which transcriptional regulation of the BMP antagonist Gremlin1 integrates inputs from the BMP, SHH, and FGF pathways. Vertebrate limb-bud development is controlled by a 4-dimensional (4D) patterning system integrating positive and negative regulatory feedback loops, rather than thresholds set by morphogen gradients.

An experimental system for thermoluminescent dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perry, K.E.G.; George, E.

1965-08-01

A thermoluminescent dosimeter (T.L.D.) reader has been developed for experimental investigations on the use of lithium fluoride for 'finger tip' dosimetry. The design of the reader is based on the maximum use of standard electronic units in the A.E.R.E. Type 2000 series but some new unit development has been necessary. The reader gives improved experimental facilities over present commercially-available designs. The technique for 'finger-tip' dosimetry is described and the initial experimental results are given. (author)

La Necesidad de la Preparación Física en el Baile Flamenco

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfonso Vargas Macías

2008-06-01

Full Text Available El baile flamenco requiere grandes exigencias de esfuerzo para su desarrollo, equiparable a deportes de alto nivel. En cambio, los bailaores no dedican a la preparación física la atención suficiente: el trabajo de la resistencia aeróbica junto al fortalecimiento y estiramiento de determinados grupos musculares, deberían ser un mínimo imprescindible de entrenamiento como herramienta para mejorar su nivel físico y como prevención de lesiones.

Beyond the Consent Dilemma in Libertarian Paternalism, a Normative Void

OpenAIRE

Baujard, Antoinette

2015-01-01

CNRS : NR; AERES: NR; International audience; I am convinced by Alain Marciano’s argument (Marciano 2015). He remarks that consent to the condition of choice is considered by neoclassicaleconomics to be an external issue. And although it does remain an issue as far as the theory of rational choice is concerned, there too it is notunjustified to consider it as an external one. For libertarian paternalism, though, it becomes an internal issue as soon as the suppositions ofrationality and perfec...

A passion for physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freeman, Joan.

1991-01-01

This is an account of the initial struggles and subsequently successful career of a young woman growing up in prewar Australia with the overriding desire to become a physicist despite various problems and prejudices. The book provides first-hand accounts of wartime radar research and development in Australia; the immediately post-war era in nuclear physics at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge; and work in the Nuclear Physics Division at AERE Harwell in the period from the 1950s onwards. (UK)

From Malthus to Modern Growth: Can Epidemics Explain the Three Regimes?

OpenAIRE

Lagerlöf, Nils-Petter

2001-01-01

These are the stylized facts of long-run economic and demographic development, as described by Galor and Weil (AER 1999, 2000): Under an initial Malthusian Regime the growth rates of population and per-capita income are both low. Then follows a Post-Malthusian Regime, with higher growth rates of both population and per-capita income. Finally, the economy transits into a Modern Growth Regime, with falling population growth rates, but accelerated growth rates of per-capita inocme. This paper mo...

EFECTO DEL EJERCICIO FÍSICO AERÓBICO SOBRE LOS NIVELES SÉRICOS DE ADIPONECTINA Y LEPTINA EN MUJERES POSMENOPÁUSICAS

OpenAIRE

Luz Helena Aranzález; Ismena Mockus Sivickas; Doris Ramírez; Erica Mancera; Óscar García

2011-01-01

Antecedentes. Las variaciones de peso corporal se acompañan de modificaciones en los niveles circulantes de adipocinas como la adiponectina y la leptina.  Durante la posmenopausia se presenta una tendencia al incremento de peso. Se recomienda ejercicio físico, que tiene efectos sobre tejido adiposo y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, como parte del tratamiento del sobrepeso y obesidad. Objetivo. Determinar los efectos del ejercicio físico aeróbico controlado sobre los niveles séricos...

Summit Station Skiway Cost Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

2016-07-01

of fuel delivered to Summit via LC-130 at a price of $32/gal. (Lever et al. 2016), the cost for constructing and maintaining the skiway for the 2014...CRREL TR-16-9 18 The costs associated with the Twin Otter include a day rate plus an hourly mission rate, a per passenger rate, airport fees, fuel, a...ER D C/ CR RE L TR -1 6- 9 Engineering for Polar Operations, Logistics, and Research (EPOLAR) Summit Station Skiway Cost Analysis Co ld

PEMANFAATAN METODE AERASI DALAM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH BERMINYAK

OpenAIRE

Made Arsawan; I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa; Wayan Suarna

2012-01-01

Oily waste can pollute environment. One of the method used to process the oily waste is aerationmethod. This researce is carried out by taking oily waste PT. Indonesia Power Business Unit Electric PowerStation Bali at Pasanggaran Denpasar, aimed at increase quality of the waste.The sampel used is waste of PT. Indonesia Power Electric Power Station Business Unit of Bali. Thesampel is intercepted and retained in a retaining box, and 11,12 litters are then taken to be put intotreatment tank. Aer...

A Study of Aerodynamics in Kevlar-Wall Test Sections

OpenAIRE

Brown, Kenneth Alexander

2014-01-01

This study is undertaken to characterize the aerodynamic behavior of Kevlar-wall test sections and specifically those containing two-dimensional, lifting models. The performance of the Kevlar-wall test section can be evaluated against the standard of the hard-wall test section, which in the case of the Stability Wind Tunnel (SWT) at Virginia Tech can be alternately installed or replaced by the Kevlar-wall test section. As a first step towards the evaluation of the Kevlar-wall test section aer...

Measurement of urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) in normal and diabetic subjects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giampetro, O.; Clerico, A.; Cruschelli, L.; Miccoli, R.; Dipalma, L.; Navalesi, R.

1987-01-01

The chemico-clinical characteristics of two commercial RIA kits for the measurement of urinary albumin excretion in normal and diabetic subjects were compared. The chief difference between the two methods concerns the bound/free separation of the antigen, since one employs the second antybody plus PEG (Sclavo Kit), while the other uses the solid phase [antiserum bound to sepharose (Pharmacia kit)]. The two RIA methods have demonstrated a similar degree of sensitivity, feasibility and cost. The precision of the two RIAs was also similar, although the Sclavo kit has shown a better precision for lower albumin concentrations and the Pharmacia kit for higher values. In diabetic patients, elevated urinary albumin concentrations (>60 mg/L) have been found more frequently than low values (<5 mg/L); hence the Pharmacia kit seems to be preferable, because it less frequently needs dilution of urinary sample for measuring with a better precision supranormal urinary albumin values. A significant bias (about 15%) was found between the two RIAs. Bias between different albumin RIA methods could partially explain the differences of normal values previously reported in the literature

Data acquisition system for the 3 MW TRIGA reactor at AERE Savar

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abudl Ahad, A.O.M.

1998-01-01

A 3 MW TRIGA Mark II research reactor control console has been studied in detail and the channels have been selected for monitoring, display and record using the microcomputer. Information from these channels are fed to the computer through hardware like buffer, AD converter, multiplexer, etc. for continues display and permanent records using video monitor, printer and diskettes. Besides, the information from the console, other information like operating time, power, total burnup of fuel, operating persons, etc. are also available, with very little modifications in both hardware and software, the data logging system is now running successfully. (author)

Perdas de silagens de cana-de-açúcar tratadas com aditivos químicos e bacterianos Losses evaluation of the sugar cane silage treated with chemical and microbial additives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Rezende Siqueira

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar silagens de cana-de-açúcar tratadas com aditivos químicos (uréia 1,5%; benzoato de sódio 0,1%; ou hidróxido de sódio (NaOH 1% na matéria natural combinados ou não com inoculantes (Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum ou Lactobacillus buchneri. Foram avaliadas 12 silagens: uma controle, sem inoculante e sem aditivo químico; três sem inoculante, mas com um dos aditivos; uma com P. acidipropionici + L. plantarum, sem aditivo químico; três com P. acidipropionici + L. plantarum e um dos aditivos; uma com L. buchneri, sem aditivo químico; e três com L. buchneri e um dos aditivos. Os dados foram analisados em esquema fatorial 4 × 3 com três repetições para cada tratamento. Foram determinadas as perdas ocorridas durante o processo fermentativo nas formas de gases e de efluentes e a recuperação da MS. Durante a exposição aeróbia, determinaram-se a recuperação da MS e a estabilidade aeróbia medida pela variação da temperatura. A associação de L. buchneri e NaOH reduziu as perdas por gases e efluentes e elevou a recuperação da MS. No período após abertura, destacou-se a atuação do benzoato de sódio em manter o pH com variação de apenas 0,1 unidade em cinco dias de exposição aeróbia e dos inoculantes L. buchneri e P. acidipropionici + L. plantarum em prolongar o tempo para elevação da temperatura de 34 horas nas silagens controle para 54 e 50 horas, respectivamente. A ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar requer a inclusão de algum aditivo eficiente no controle das perdas quantitativas durante a fermentação e a exposição aeróbia.The experiment was carried out to evaluate sugar cane silage treated with chemical additive: urea 1.5%, sodium benzoate 0.1%, and sodium hydroxide 1.0% on the wet basis, associated with Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri, plus control silage in a factorial scheme 4 x 3, with three replications

Influência do nível competitivo e da posição tática sobre parâmetros de desempenho aeróbio de atletas profissionais de futebol do Brasil Influence of competitive level and tactical position on parameters of aerobic performance in professional soccer athletes from Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Manfredini Baroni

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou verificar a influência do nível competitivo e da posição tática sobre parâmetros relacionados ao desempenho aeróbio de atletas profissionais de futebol. Foram analisadas 453 avaliações ergoespirométricas de atletas profissionais de futebol (42 goleiros, 92 zagueiros, 61 laterais, 174 meio-campistas e 84 atacantes que atuavam em quatro níveis competitivos: Campeonato Nacional Série A; Série B; Série C; e Campeonato Estadual. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos valores médios de consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max e segundo limiar ventilatório (LV2 entre os níveis competitivos (p > 0,05. Os goleiros apresentaram VO2max e LV2 (56 e 50 mL/kg/min, respectivamente significativamente inferiores aos zagueiros (59 e 52 mL/kg.min; p = 0,002 e p = 0,028, laterais (60 e 53 mL/kg.min; p This study aimed to verify the influence of the competitive level and the tactical position on parameters related to aerobic performance of professional soccer players. 453 ergospirometric evaluations were analyzed from soccer professional athletes (42 goalkeepers, 92 full backs, 61 sideways, 174 midfielders and 84 forwards that acted in four competitive levels: National Championship Series A; Series B; Series C; and State Championship. It was found no differences in mean values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max and second ventilatory threshold (LV2 between the competitive levels (p > 0.05. The goalkeepers showed VO2max and LV2 (56 and 50 mL/kg.min, respectively significant lower than full backs (59 and 52 mL/kg.min; p = 0.002 e p = 0.028, sideways (60 and 53 mL/kg.min; p = 0.000 e p = 0.004, midfields (59 and 52 mL/kg.min; p = 0.002 e p = 0.031 and forwards (59 and 52 mL/kg.min; p = 0.047 e p = 0.036. Therefore, the findings suggest that: 1 the aerobic performance does not differ according the competitive level; and 2 the goalkeepers have aerobic performance inferior to out-field players, which do not show differences between them.

Pulmonary Rhodococcus equi infection: report of the first two Brazilian cases

OpenAIRE

SEVERO, LUIZ CARLOS; RITTER, PATRICIA; PETRILLO, VICTOR FLÁVIO; DIAS, CÍCERO ARMÍDIO GOMES; PORTO, NELSON DA SILVA

2001-01-01

O Rhodococcus equi, principal agente da rodococose, é um cocobacilo pleomórfico, gram-positivo e aeróbio, que infecta humanos por via inalatória ou transcutânea e se manifesta clinicamente como abscesso pulmonar. Relatam-se os dois primeiros casos brasileiros da doença. Ambos os pacientes eram imunocomprometidos e apresentavam quadro infeccioso pulmonar. O primeiro tinha AIDS e apresentava pneumonia cavitada em lobo superior esquerdo, que teve evolução fatal. O segundo tinha doença de Goodpas...

Operation TUMBLER-SNAPPER 1952

Science.gov (United States)

1982-06-14

coordinates are used in this report, as seen in table 1-1. The first three digits refer to I point on an east-west axis, and the second throe digits ...8217icultural ,ech S’tte ’No,. a4inlovvi as t ;’ib i Libary U ’ aerSji ’, T’" Lbra ": 2N L ibrn "Ne•w 5e,•t ’tall I it’ra ’vr Vn Ver t 1 .o0 ,rthl ’a l

Entrenamiento deportivo en árbitros de baloncesto

OpenAIRE

Merino Campos, Carlos

2013-01-01

Este trabajo consiste en una planificación de dos meses de entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia en 12 árbitros de baloncesto de la Comunidad de Madrid. El objetivo del entrenamiento es la mejora de la resistencia. Se realizó una prueba de valoración de la resistencia aeróbica el 28 de febrero, la prueba fue el Course Navette. Durante las siguientes 10 semanas los sujetos han realizado entrenamientos semanales trabajando con el objetivo de mejora del rendimiento. Tras estos entrenamientos, se...

Discrete Choice and Rational Inattention

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fosgerau, Mogens; Melo, Emerson; de Palma, André

2017-01-01

This paper establishes a general equivalence between discrete choice and rational inattention models. Matejka and McKay (2015, AER) showed that when information costs are modelled using the Shannon entropy, the result- ing choice probabilities in the rational inattention model take the multinomial...... logit form. We show that when information costs are modelled using a class of generalized entropies, then the choice probabilities in any rational inattention model are observationally equivalent to some additive random utility discrete choice model and vice versa. This equivalence arises from convex...

Impacto de la maduración y de los puestos específicos en la condición física en jóvenes futbolistas

OpenAIRE

Massuça, Luis; Soarez, Helena; Fragoso, Isabel; Barrigas, Carlos

2012-01-01

Objetivo Describir las características condicionales de una población de deportistas jóvenes, tanto por nivel madurativo como por puestos específicos. Muestra Se han estudiado 95 jugadores de fútbol (13-16 años) pertenecientes a escuelas deportivas de futbol. Métodos Las variables utilizadas en este estudio han sido: edad, puesto específico (medio, defesa, delantero, portero), peso, altura, maduración, capacidad aeróbica, fuerza isométrica máxima del tren superior, ...

Annual Energy Review 2001

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seiferlein, Katherine E. [USDOE Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC (United States)

2002-11-01

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is a statistical history of energy activities in the United States. It documents trends and milestones in U.S. energy production, trade, storage, pricing, and consumption. Each new year of data that is added to the time series—which now reach into 7 decades—extends the story of how Americans have acquired and used energy. It is a story of continual change as the Nation's economy grew, energy requirements expanded, resource availability shifted, and interdependencies developed among nations.

A research program on radiative transfer model development in support of the ARM program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clough, S.A.

1991-01-01

The main research effort at AER on this project has been focused on the development of a rapid line-by-line multiple scattering code for availability to ARM in the September 1991 time frame. The first phase of the effort has been to consider the many approaches that have been developed to treat the multiple scattering problem. One of the important decisions that had to be resolved was the choice of line-by- line code. This report efforts to devise a code to address the scattering problem

Signos Vitales de los CDC La actividad física y los adultos con discapacidades (Vital Signs-Physical Activity and Adults with Disabilities)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2014-05-06

Este podcast se basa en el informe Signos Vitales de los CDC de mayo del 2014. Los adultos con discapacidades que no hacen actividad física aeróbica tienen un 50 % más de probabilidades de tener enfermedades cardiacas, accidentes cerebrovasculares, diabetes o cáncer. Sepa qué puede hacer para ayudar.  Created: 5/6/2014 by National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD).   Date Released: 5/6/2014.

Treinamento físico intervalado como ferramenta na terapia cognitivo-comportamental do transtorno de pânico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Sardinha

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho consiste no relato da utilização de um programa de exercícios físicos aeró-bicos intervalados no contexto da terapia cognitivo-comportamental em um caso de transtorno de pânico e agorafobia. São descritos os procedimentos utilizados, bem como os resultados positivos obtidos na redução da ansiedade cardíaca e na ansiedade cotidiana em relação a situações que exigem esforço físico.

Treinamento físico intervalado como ferramenta na terapia cognitivo-comportamental do transtorno de pânico

OpenAIRE

Sardinha,Aline; Araújo,Claudio Gil Soares de; Nardi,Antonio Egidio

2011-01-01

Este trabalho consiste no relato da utilização de um programa de exercícios físicos aeró-bicos intervalados no contexto da terapia cognitivo-comportamental em um caso de transtorno de pânico e agorafobia. São descritos os procedimentos utilizados, bem como os resultados positivos obtidos na redução da ansiedade cardíaca e na ansiedade cotidiana em relação a situações que exigem esforço físico.

Efectos agudos de la actividad física y los videojuegos activos sobre las funciones cognitivas en jóvenes y adultos mayores

OpenAIRE

López García, Jesús

2017-01-01

La presente tesis doctoral consiste en intentar aportar nuevas evidencias científicas que traten de ampliar y clarificar el conocimiento existente referente a los efectos agudos de la actividad física aeróbica y los videojuegos activos sobre las funciones cognitivas en dos muestras poblacionales diferentes: los jóvenes adultos y los adultos mayores. Como síntesis general, podríamos indicar que el fin de las series experimentales desarrolladas en esta tesis tratan de estudiar si la práctic...

Kinetics of Hypotension during 50 Sessions of Resistance and Aerobic Training in Hypertensive Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Damorim, Igor Rodrigues; Santos, Tony Meireles; Barros, Gustavo Willames Pimentel; Carvalho, Paulo Roberto Cavalcanti

2017-04-01

Resistance and aerobic training are recommended as an adjunctive treatment for hypertension. However, the number of sessions required until the hypotensive effect of the exercise has stabilized has not been clearly established. To establish the adaptive kinetics of the blood pressure (BP) responses as a function of time and type of training in hypertensive patients. We recruited 69 patients with a mean age of 63.4 ± 2.1 years, randomized into one group of resistance training (n = 32) and another of aerobic training (n = 32). Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and one repetition maximum (1RM) testing was performed. BP was measured before each training session with a digital BP arm monitor. The 50 training sessions were categorized into quintiles. To compare the effect of BP reduction with both training methods, we used two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for the BP values obtained before the interventions. The differences between the moments were established by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The reductions in systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were 6.9 mmHg and 5.3 mmHg, respectively, with resistance training and 16.5 mmHg and 11.6 mmHg, respectively, with aerobic training. The kinetics of the hypotensive response of the SBP showed significant reductions until the 20th session in both groups. Stabilization of the DBP occurred in the 20th session of resistance training and in the 10th session of aerobic training. A total of 20 sessions of resistance or aerobic training are required to achieve the maximum benefits of BP reduction. The methods investigated yielded distinct adaptive kinetic patterns along the 50 sessions. Os treinamentos de força e aeróbio são indicados para o tratamento adjuvante da hipertensão. Entretanto, o número de sessões necessárias até estabilização do efeito hipotensor com o exercício ainda não está claramente estabelecido. Estabelecer a cinética adaptativa das respostas tensionais em função do

Demandas energéticas en el bailaor norteamericano profesional de flamenco.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Elizabeth Pedersen

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio ha sido examinar la capacidad aeróbica y anaeróbica de bailaores estadounidenses profesionales de flamenco, con el fin de conocer las necesidades energéticas de esta danza. La muestra estudiada estaba formada por 11 bailaores profesionales de flamenco de Albuquerque, Nuevo Méjico (4 hombres y 7 mujeres. Se han registrado 3 variables: la composición corporal, medida con un adipómetro calipers; el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max estimado mediante el análisis de gases durante un test de esfuerzo progresivo; y la capacidad anaeróbica, calculada a través del test de Wingate. La edad media de los bailaores fue de 28.45 años (22-44 años y el tiempo medio que llevaban participando en espectáculos flamencos era de 13.5 años (2-40 años. Respecto a la composición corporal, los participantes presentan datos de porcentaje de grasa corporal (GC inferior a la media, tanto la muestra masculina, 9.96% GC (5,25-13,09% GC, como la femenina, 16.35% GC (12,96-20,17% GC. La media máxima de capacidad aeróbica fue de 51.63 mlO2•kg–1•min–1 para los hombres (40.7-59,5 mlO2•kg–1•min–1 y 38,78 mlO2•kg–1•min–1 para las mujeres (32.9-43,8 mlO2•kg–1•min–1, en ambos casos por encima de la media. La potencia máxima media registrada en el test de Wingate, fue de 16.2 W/kg (13.7-18.3 W/kg y 11.3 W/kg (8.6 hasta 14.3 W/kg para hombres y mujeres, respectivamente, con un índice de fatiga del 65.5% (62-74% para los hombres y 56.1% (35.2-68.1% para las mujeres. Estos resultados son superiores, casi en un 25 %, a otros datos publicados sobre deportistas que realizan actividades anaeróbicas. Por lo tanto, los bailaores de flamenco tienen una considerable potencia anaeróbica. Atendiendo en los resultados de este estudio, se sugiere que el entrenamiento de bailaores incluya componentes aeróbicos y anaeróbicos.

Second primary cancers in survivors of cervical cancer in the Netherlands: Implications for prevention and surveillance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arnold, Melina; Liu, Lifang; Kenter, Gemma G.; Creutzberg, Carien L.; Coebergh, Jan Willem; Soerjomataram, Isabelle

2014-01-01

Background and purpose: We investigated the effects of socio-demographic, treatment- and tumor-specific determinants on the risk of developing a second malignancy among patients treated for cervical cancer. Material and methods: We included patients with a first cervical cancer (N = 12,048) from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR), 1989–2008. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and absolute excess risks (AER) per 10,000 person-years were calculated to estimate the burden of second cancers in cervical cancer survivors. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed to identify predictors for second cancers among cervical cancer survivors. Results: During the study period, 676 (5.6%) patients were diagnosed with a second cancer. Smoking-related cancers contributed the most to the overall burden of second cancers (AER = 21) and risks remained elevated after 10 years of follow-up (SIR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4–2.2), yet it decreased markedly in the younger birth cohorts. Cervical cancer survivors who underwent radiotherapy were at higher risk for a second tumor when compared to those without radiotherapy, especially at smoking-related sites (IRR = 1.6 (1.2–2.3)). Conclusion: Patients with cervical cancer had a significantly increased risk for a second cancer compared to the general population, especially for smoking- and irradiation-related tumors. Long-term follow-up suggested the importance of smoking cessation and the benefits of counseling cervical cancer patients accordingly, particularly those who received radiotherapy

Fluctuación del Perfil de Estados de Ánimo (POMS en un periodo competitivo en judokas de élite

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gema Torres-Luque

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre la evolución de la carga de entrenamiento y el perfil de los estados de ánimo a lo largo de un periodo competitivo en judokas de élite. Se seleccionaron 7 judokas de élite, a los que se les administró el cuestionario Profile of Mood States, POMS, adaptado al castellano (Balaguer et al., 1995 a lo largo de 6 semanas de un período competitivo. A su vez se controló el volumen de entrenamiento clasificado en específico (entrenamiento técnico-táctico en tatami, entrenamiento de fuerza (sala de musculación y entrenamiento aeróbico (fundamentalmente carrera continua, y se observaron la relación entre ambas variables. Los resultados indican cómo el tipo de carga de entrenamiento puede afectar directamente a los estados de ánimo, un incremento del entrenamiento aeróbico produce un incremento en la Tensión, Depresión y Hostilidad, así como un descenso del factor Vigor, el cual, a pesar de estar por encima del resto de factores, el tipo de entrenamiento realizado tiene una implicación directa sobre él. Este tipo de análisis contribuyen a un mejor conocimiento del deportista de élite y su respuesta ante períodos competitivos.

A dedicated fungal culture medium is useful in the diagnosis of fungemia: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Shuwei; Ng, Tong Yong; Li, Huihua; Tan, Ai Ling; Tan, Thuan Tong; Tan, Ban Hock

2016-01-01

Mortality for candidemia ranges from 15% to 35%. Current guidelines recommend inoculating blood into three aerobic and three anaerobic blood culture bottles when candidemia is suspected, without mention of a fungal blood culture bottle. To determine the value of the BACTEC Myco/F Lytic blood culture media in the diagnosis of fungemia. A two-year retrospective cross-sectional study was performed for patients who had fungemia with submitted BACTEC Plus Aerobic/F (Aer), BACTEC Plus Anaerobic/F (Anaer) or Myco/F Lytic (Myco) blood culture bottles. The detection rate of fungemia was 77.4% in 93 patients with contemporaneously submitted blood culture bottles when limited to only Aer/Anaer culture results. The detection rate improved significantly with the addition of the Myco culture bottle results (pculture bottle submissions were less useful for patients with appropriate anti-fungal therapy administered within 48 hours [OR = 0.18, 95% CI = (0.06, 0.49), p = 0.001] and those with fungal growth detected within 48 hours [OR = 0.33, 95% CI = (0.12, 0.89), p = 0.001]. Among a subset of patients with concordant blood culture results, those with Myco culture bottles submission allowed earlier fungal detection and speciation by at least one day in 27.5% and 25.0% of the cases respectively. Our study highlights the importance of a dedicated fungal blood culture when fungemia is clinically suspected. Nearly a quarter of fungemias may be missed if a fungal blood culture is not performed.

Aggregate Size and Architecture Determine Microbial Activity Balance for One-Stage Partial Nitritation and Anammox

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vlaeminck, S.E.; Terada, Akihiko; Smets, Barth F.

2010-01-01

by the anoxic nitrite consumption rate. The smallest reactor A, B, and C aggregates were nitrite sources (NARR, > 1.7). Large reactor A and C aggregates were granules capable of autonomous nitrogen removal (NARR, 0.6 to 1.1) with internal AnAOB zones surrounded by an AerAOB rim. Around 50% of the autotrophic......AOB-rich aggregates (reactors B and C). The hypothesized granulation pathways include granule replication by division and budding and are driven by growth and/or decay based on species-specific physiology and by hydrodynamic shear and mixing....

Obtención de un hidrolizado proteico por fermentación sumergida de plumas utilizando Bacillus spp

OpenAIRE

De Macedo, Manuel; Segura, Roxana; Piñero B., Judith; Coello, Nereida

2009-01-01

Se obtuvo un hidrolizado proteico a partir de la fermentación sumergida de las plumas por una cepa queratinolítica de Bacillus spp designada como LPB-2. El proceso se realizó en condiciones aeróbicas, utilizando un medio salino basal (pH 7,5), suplementado con 20 g/l de plumas molidas y un fermentador de 6 L de capacidad regulado a 40° C durante 26 horas. Mediante alimentaciones semi-continuas de sustrato, efectuadas cada 12 horas, se pudo prolongar el tiempo de fermentación hasta 58 horas. A...

Características metabólicas del músculoGluteus medius de equinos mestizos con aptitud de tiro

OpenAIRE

MERINO, V.; ISLAS, A.; LOPEZ-RIVERO, J.; MORA, G.; QUEZADA, M.; LOPEZ, J.; REYES, J.

1998-01-01

De 16 equinos mestizos de tiro, de ambos sexos, clínicamente sanos, se obtuvieron biopsias del músculo Gluteus medius a 3, 6 y 9 cm de profundidad, con el objetivo de evaluar su metabolismo anaeróbico y aeróbico, determinando las actividades de las enzimas creatinquinasa (CK), deshidrogenasa láctica (LDH) y citrato sintetasa (CS) en animales inactivos y trabajando en faenas agrícolas. El tejido muscular se homogeneizó, sonicó y centrifugó; posteriormente en el sobrenadante se determinaron la...

Características metabólicas del músculoGluteus medius de equinos mestizos con aptitud de tiro Metabolic characteristics of the Gluteus medius musclein crossbreed draft horses

OpenAIRE

V. MERINO; A. ISLAS; J. LOPEZ-RIVERO; G. MORA; M. QUEZADA; J. LOPEZ; J. REYES

1998-01-01

De 16 equinos mestizos de tiro, de ambos sexos, clínicamente sanos, se obtuvieron biopsias del músculo Gluteus medius a 3, 6 y 9 cm de profundidad, con el objetivo de evaluar su metabolismo anaeróbico y aeróbico, determinando las actividades de las enzimas creatinquinasa (CK), deshidrogenasa láctica (LDH) y citrato sintetasa (CS) en animales inactivos y trabajando en faenas agrícolas. El tejido muscular se homogeneizó, sonicó y centrifugó; posteriormente en el sobrenadante se determinaron las...

La cafeína. Ayuda ergogénica en el campo de la suplementación nutricional deportiva

OpenAIRE

Fernández Mata, María de las Nieves

2016-01-01

La cafeína es una sustancia que se encuentra en numerosas bebidas consumida por el ser humano a diario y es parte de la rutina diaria de numerosos deportistas. Hasta hace poco, no estaba muy claro el efecto beneficiosos que esta sustancia proporcionaba a los deportistas y hoy en día, tras numerosos estudios, se ha demostrado que es una ayuda ergogénica tanto en el ejercicio aeróbico (de larga duración) porque disminuye la percepción de fatiga y mejora el rendimiento deportivo, así como en ...

Procedures for reducing the incompatibility between simplified-step adhesive systems and dual-cured resin cements = : Procedimentos para redução da incompatibilidade entre sistemas adesivos simplificados e cimentos resinosos de dupla ativação

OpenAIRE

Ariene Arcas Topal Paes Leme

2013-01-01

Resumo: Neste estudo avaliou-se o efeito: (1) da adição de resina de troca aniônica (AER) a um cimento experimental, para reduzir a incompatibilidade entre sistemas adesivos simplificados e cimento resinoso de polimerização dupla, quando ativado quimicamente; (2) da aplicação de uma camada extra de adesivo entre o sistema adesivo simplificado e o cimento resinoso, na resistência da união, propriedades nanomecânicas da camada de cimento e micropermeabilidade na interface adesiva. Discos de res...

Distortion Representation of Forecast Errors for Model Skill Assessment and Objective Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Hoffman, Ross N.

2001-01-01

We completed the formulation of the smoothness penalty functional this past quarter. We used a simplified procedure for estimating the statistics of the FCA solution spectral coefficients from the results of the unconstrained, low-truncation FCA (stopping criterion) solutions. During the current reporting period we have completed the calculation of GEOS-2 model-equivalent brightness temperatures for the 6.7 micron and 11 micron window channels used in the GOES imagery for all 10 cases from August 1999. These were simulated using the AER-developed Optimal Spectral Sampling (OSS) model.

Neutron beam instruments at Harwell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baston, A.H.; Harris, D.H.C.

1978-11-01

A list and brief descriptions are given of the neutron beam facilities for U.K. scientists at Harwell and in academic institutions, available under an agreement between the Science Research Council and AERE (Harwell). The list falls under the following headings: reactor instruments (single crystal diffractometers, powder diffractometers, triple axis spectrometers, time-of-flight cold neutron twin rotor spectrometer, beryllium filter spectrometer, MARX spectrometer, Harwell small-angle scattering spectrometer); LINAC instruments (total scattering spectrometer, back scattering spectrometer, active sample spectrometer, inelastic rotor spectrometer, constant Q spectrometer); ancillary equipment (cryostats, superconducting magnets, electromagnets, furnaces). (U.K.)

The stratigraphy of Mars

Science.gov (United States)

Tanaka, Kenneth L.

1986-01-01

A global stratigraphy of Mars was developed from a global geologic map series derived from Viking images; the stratigraphy is composed of three maps. A new chronostratigraphic classification system which consists of lower, middle, and upper Noachian, Hesperian, and Amazonian systems is described. The crater-density boundaries of the chronostratigraphic units and the absolute ages of the Martian epochs aer estimated. The relative ages of major geologic units and featues are calculated and analyzed. The geologic history of Mars is summarized on the maps in terms of epochs.

Diferencias en la condición física y en el lanzamiento entre jugadores de balonmano de elite y amateur. [Differences in physical fitness and throwing velocity between elite and amateur handball players

OpenAIRE

Esteban Gorostiaga; Javier Ibáñez; María Teresa Ruesta; Cristina Granados; Mikel Izquierdo

2009-01-01

Resumen Para comparar la condición física y la velocidad de lanzamiento entre dos equipos de diferente nivel, 15 jugadores de elite (EM) y 15 jugadores aficionados (AM) de balonmano participaron en este estudio. Los sujetos fueron medidos en antropometría, 1RM en press de banca (BP), potencia muscular en BP y en media-sentadilla (HS), salto, carrera de máxima velocidad y resistencia aeróbica, y velocidad de lanzamiento. EM mostró mayor masa corporal, FFM y BMI, así como mayores valores...

Seedlings of Jasminum mesnyi Hance produced in substrates based on composted sewage sludge

OpenAIRE

Scheer, Maurício B.; Carneiro, Charles; Bressan, Otávio A.; Santos, Kaline G. dos

2012-01-01

Entre as alternativas de disposição de resíduos urbanos está o reaproveitamento do lodo de esgoto no cultivo de plantas ornamentais e florestais. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o crescimento de Jasminum mesnyi (jasmim amarelo) em substratos à base de lodo de esgoto aeróbio compostado com resíduos de podas de árvores trituradas, com diferentes níveis de fertilizante e comparar o desempenho em relação às mudas produzidas em substrato comercial à base de casca de Pinus compostada e ver...

Mudas de Jasminum mesnyi Hance produzidas com substratos à base de lodo de esgoto compostado

OpenAIRE

Scheer,Maurício B.; Carneiro,Charles; Bressan,Otávio A.; Santos,Kaline G. dos

2012-01-01

Entre as alternativas de disposição de resíduos urbanos está o reaproveitamento do lodo de esgoto no cultivo de plantas ornamentais e florestais. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o crescimento de Jasminum mesnyi (jasmim amarelo) em substratos à base de lodo de esgoto aeróbio compostado com resíduos de podas de árvores trituradas, com diferentes níveis de fertilizante e comparar o desempenho em relação às mudas produzidas em substrato comercial à base de casca de Pinus compostada e ver...

Mecanismos Moleculares de la Sensibilidad Aguda al Oxígeno en los Quimiorreceptores Arteriales: Función del Complejo I Mitocondrial.

OpenAIRE

Fernández-Agüera Rodríguez, María del Carmen

2017-01-01

El oxígeno (O2) es una molécula esencial para la vida de los animales debido a su metabolismo celular aeróbico, ya que la energía necesaria para realizar las funciones vitales la obtienen, principalmente, de la mitocondria mediante la fosforilación oxidativa; un proceso que requiere O2 como aceptor final de electrones. La falta de O2, aunque sólo sea de manera focalizada y transitoria, puede dañar gravemente los tejidos. A lo largo de la evol...

Simulation, Design and Analysis of Air-Breathing Combined-Cycle Engines for High Speed Propulsion

OpenAIRE

Fernández Villacé, Víctor

2013-01-01

Desde la aparición del turborreactor, el motor aeróbico con turbomaquinaria ha demostrado unas prestaciones excepcionales en los regímenes subsónico y supersónico bajo. No obstante, la operación a velocidades superiores requiere sistemas más complejos y pesados, lo cual ha imposibilitado la ejecución de estos conceptos. Los recientes avances tecnológicos, especialmente en materiales ligeros, han restablecido el interés por los motores de ciclo combinado. La simulación numérica de estos nuevos...

La alimentación de los jugadores de baloncesto: peligros nutricionales y microbiológicos

OpenAIRE

Santos Badenes, Gemma

2015-01-01

El baloncesto tiene unos requerimientos fisiológicos altos que imponen un esfuerzo considerable en las capacidades cardiovasculares y metabólicas de los jugadores. Fisiológicamente, el baloncesto requiere fuerza/resistencia muscular, flexibilidad y energía tanto a nivel de ejercicio aeróbico como anaeróbico. El estudio de la composición corporal es un aspecto muy importante en la valoración del estado nutricional, ya que la distribución de la masa grasa y la masa magra en un individuo puede a...

Chapter 4: Exponential experiments on natural uranium graphite moderated systems. I: Performance and analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, G.; Moore, P.G.F.; Richmond, R.

1963-01-01

A description is given of the methods used on the first BICEP stack for the performance and analysis of graphite exponential experiments. These differ in many respects from the methods formerly employed at A.E.R.E. The accuracy of the measurements has been increased, and the time taken to carry out and analyse an experiment has been reduced by approximately a factor of four. The following have contributed to the experimental work reported in this paper: J. R. Dyson, W. M. Holderay, R. M. Turner, S. D. R. Summers. (author)

CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A OXIDAÇÃO LIPÍDICA E SUAS LIMITAÇÕES: o possível papel do fracionamento de carboidratos

OpenAIRE

Smolarek, André de Camargo; Gomes, Fernanda dos Santos; Souza Junior, Tácito Pessoa de

2012-01-01

Os ácidos graxos estocados principalmente na forma de triacilglicerois no tecido adiposo ou em reduzidas quantidades no tecido muscular representam uma fundamental via energética em exercícios de intensidade leve a moderada. Caracterizam-se pela alta disponibilidade de trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) possuindo relevância em termos quantitativos nos exercícios de longa duração (aeróbios). De forma simplificada, a oxidação lipídica divide-se em mobilização e transporte dos ácidos graxos, β-oxida...

Atributos de un gimnasio “Ideal” en Salta Capital

OpenAIRE

Hussein, Nardia Carolina

2018-01-01

92 p. il. En la Capital se observan múltiples opciones a la hora de entrenar, desde ciclovías en distintos puntos de la ciudad, parques adaptados para realizar actividad física y varios edificios equipados con máquinas para hacer levantamiento de pesas, tomar clases de spinning, aeróbicas, baile, taebox, entre otros. La investigación que se llevará a cabo pretende determinar y describir las condiciones y atributos requeridos por los habitantes de la ciudad de Salta que asisten o plan...

U-Tapao RTNAS, Thailand. Revised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO). Parts A-F.

Science.gov (United States)

1973-10-26

HSOKE BLOWING DUST OF CBS TOTAL AND OW SSTNOROR ANMOW AN R WITA FOOD AND A S D R AlT OB NO. OF DMK D OR" HAIL BS IR SOT TA DRIZZLE DRIZZLE SLEE TPRECP...DATA PROICESSING FRANCH USAF ETAC CEILING VERSUS VISIBILITY AIR 4EAT’AER SEPVIGF/lAC 41026 LJ-IAPArl AB THAILAND J-72 dAN * PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF...SAF AC O 4 5 (OL Al............,~ . -- ---------------------- 4 DATA PREJCESStNG FRANCH C IIGVSBLT UISAF ETAC C INGVERSUS VSBLT AIR *EATHER SEIRV!CF

Bailoterapia, una actividad física para mantener un cuerpo sano dirigida a mujeres de 45 a 60 años del cantón Cuenca

OpenAIRE

Monsalve Benenaula, Blanca Libia

2013-01-01

Se enfoca en los beneficios de la bailoterapia, actividad que se encuentra en boga, utilizada para mejorar la calidad de vida de las practicantes, en la cual se fusionan aspectos de gimnasia aeróbica y pasos básicos de diferentes ritmos musicales, en el caso particular de este proyecto se priorizó la salsa y el merengue, contribuyendo de esta manera a mejorar el estado físico, psíquico y emocional de todas las practicantes. It focuses on the benefits of dancing therapy. This activity that ...

Revisión sobre los efectos adaptativos del entrenamiento de diferente orientación, en personas con diabetes tipo 2. Guía para la prescripción del ejercicio

OpenAIRE

Costa, Ignacio Alejandro

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo es una revisión sistemática, de investigaciones de acceso libre, publicadas en los últimos 5 años, en PubMed y DOAJ; que contemplaran en su metodología la aplicación de ejercicios de resistencia aeróbica y de fuerza muscular, en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se buscaron las palabras: diabetes type 2, resistance, aerobic, training. Luego de aplicar criterios de exclusión, quedaron 10 artículos. De los cuales se sintetizaron las adaptaciones reportadas. El entrenami...

Implementation and integration of program packages NAMMU and HYPAC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nedbal, T.

1986-05-01

This work is prepared for the Swedish Power Inspectorate (SKI). The SKI has from the Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) at Harwell, U.K., acquired the computer model NAMMU for groundwater hydrology calculations. The code was first implemented on an AMDAHL 470, a IBM compatible computer, and then modified in order to integrate it with HYPAC, which is a program package for pre- and post-processing finite element data, developed by KEMAKTA AB. This report describes the modifications done to both NAMMU and HYPAC, and the verification of the coupled program system NAMMU-HYPAC. (author)

Complete cumulative index (1963-1983)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1983-01-01

This complete cumulative index covers all regular and special issues and supplements published by Atomic Energy Review (AER) during its lifetime (1963-1983). The complete cumulative index consists of six Indexes: the Index of Abstracts, the Subject Index, the Title Index, the Author Index, the Country Index and the Table of Elements Index. The complete cumulative index supersedes the Cumulative Indexes for Volumes 1-7: 1963-1969 (1970), and for Volumes 1-10: 1963-1972 (1972); this Index also finalizes Atomic Energy Review, the publication of which has recently been terminated by the IAEA

High voltage laboratories Honeywell DDP516 programs for the analysis of multi-counter data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Viggars, D.A.

1976-07-01

The end product of the present EBERAS system (B. W. Hooton, AERE-M2637) is a set of radius spectra for up to four counters in UP and DOWN positions corresponding to peaks in the Q 2 /M spectrum. Amongst these one nuclear species may occur in several charge states covering a wide range of velocities. The purpose of the programs described here is to combine the fragmented spectra produced by EBERAS into single continuous spectrum covering the full energy range contained in the EBERAS spectra for a particular nuclear species. (author)

Elaboración de abono orgánico a partir de plantas acuáticas: Elodea (Hydrilla verticillata) y Jacinto o Lirio de agua (Eichhornia crassipes), procedentes del Lago de Coatepeque y Lago de Güija

OpenAIRE

Reyes de Cabrales, Cecilia Elizabeth

2009-01-01

El presente estudio tiene por finalidad elaborar un abono orgánico bajo la técnica de compostaje, conocida como proceso de descomposición aeróbica. Se realizaron tres formulaciones de abono a partir de las plantas acuáticas Elodea (Hydrilla verticillata) y Jacinto de agua (Eichhornia crassipes) en las siguientes proporciones: Elodea 100%, Jacinto de agua 100% y mezcla de ambas en una proporción de 50:50. A los abonos obtenidos se les realizaron análisis químico con la finalidad de cuantificar...

Well-to-wheels energy use and greenhouse gas emissions analysis of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elgowainy, A.; Burnham, A.; Wang, M.; Molburg, J.; Rousseau, A.; Energy Systems

2009-03-31

Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory expanded the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model and incorporated the fuel economy and electricity use of alternative fuel/vehicle systems simulated by the Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) to conduct a well-to-wheels (WTW) analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The WTW results were separately calculated for the blended charge-depleting (CD) and charge-sustaining (CS) modes of PHEV operation and then combined by using a weighting factor that represented the CD vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) share. As indicated by PSAT simulations of the CD operation, grid electricity accounted for a share of the vehicle's total energy use, ranging from 6% for a PHEV 10 to 24% for a PHEV 40, based on CD VMT shares of 23% and 63%, respectively. In addition to the PHEV's fuel economy and type of on-board fuel, the marginal electricity generation mix used to charge the vehicle impacted the WTW results, especially GHG emissions. Three North American Electric Reliability Corporation regions (4, 6, and 13) were selected for this analysis, because they encompassed large metropolitan areas (Illinois, New York, and California, respectively) and provided a significant variation of marginal generation mixes. The WTW results were also reported for the U.S. generation mix and renewable electricity to examine cases of average and clean mixes, respectively. For an all-electric range (AER) between 10 mi and 40 mi, PHEVs that employed petroleum fuels (gasoline and diesel), a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline (E85), and hydrogen were shown to offer a 40-60%, 70-90%, and more than 90% reduction in petroleum energy use and a 30-60%, 40-80%, and 10-100% reduction in GHG emissions, respectively, relative to an internal combustion engine vehicle that used gasoline. The spread of WTW GHG emissions among the different fuel production

Integral Study of Atrazine Behaviour in Field Lysimeters in Argentinean Humid Pampas Soils Estudio Integral del Comportamiento de Atrazina en Lisímetros de Campo en Suelos de la Pampa Húmeda Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susana Hang

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Atrazine behavior during crop maize (Zea mays L. production in soils of Argentine humid pampas was investigated. Lysimeters (3.3 x 3.3 x 1.4 m with a Typic Argiudoll (Pergamino and others with a Typic Hapludoll (Junín were monitored for drainage water content and atrazine concentrations in soil and water. Soil profiles were sampled in four depths in three dates, and water drainage pooled in four periods. Most of atrazine loss in drainage occurred within 30 d of atrazine application being 0.13% and 0.03% of the total atrazine applied for Pergamino and Junín, respectively. Under laboratory conditions half-life average in both profiles was 16 d. Atrazine extractable residues (AER in lysimeters showed differences in quantity and distribution between both profiles. Extractable residues were 25.7 (Pergamino and 69.4 g ha-1 (Junín. At the 30th day of application, AER represented 25% of total AER in Junín and 88% in Pergamino in the first 30 cm. Occurrence of preferential flow through the Bt horizon (Pergamino may explain differences detected. High proportion of AER in Junín profile suggests low atrazine affinity and should be followed through time in order to evaluate actual stability of these residues and if they constitute a potential risk for aquifers.Se estudió el comportamiento de atrazina durante el ciclo de un cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L. en suelos de la pampa húmeda Argentina. Se monitoreó el total de agua drenada y la concentración de atrazina en suelo y agua, mediante el uso de seis lisímetros (3.3 x 3.3 x 1.4 m tres de ellos llenados con un Argiudoll Típico (Pergamino y otros tres con un Hapludoll Típico (Junín. Se tomaron muestras de cuatro horizontes en cada perfil de suelo en tres fechas y el agua drenada se agrupó en cuatro períodos. La mayor parte de las pérdidas de atrazina en el drenaje ocurrieron dentro de los primeros 30 días desde la aplicación de atrazina. Los porcentajes recuperados respecto de la cantidad

The fate of Eichhornia azurea (Sw. Kunth. detritus within a tropical reservoir O destino dos detritos de Eichhornia azurea (Sw. Kunth. em um reservatório tropical

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha Santino

2010-06-01

Full Text Available AIM: This study is aimed at comparing the kinetics of decomposition of Eichhornia azurea and discussing the fate of its detritus; METHODS: The samples of aquatic macrophytes and water were collected in the Piraju Reservoir (São Paulo State, Brazil. The plant material was oven-dried and triturated and for each experimental condition (aerobic and anaerobic, 72 mineralization chambers were prepared with plant fragments and reservoir water. On sampling days the particulate and dissolved organic matter were quantified (on carbon basis POC and DOC, respectively; RESULTS: The decomposition of E. azurea is more efficient under aerobic conditions, being 2.2 times faster than for the anaerobic process, according to the amount of mineralized carbon. For the decay of leaves, stems and roots of E. azurea the aerobic processes were 1.22-fold faster. It is assumed that the fractions responsible for the high oxygen consumption have reduced periods of half-time, and therefore do not accumulate in the ecosystems. Owing to the biomass of E. azurea in the Piraju Reservoir, the aerobic decay of E. azurea can promote moderate depletion in the dissolved oxygen budget. With the rate of the mineralization of refractory materials (Ξ half-time varying from 385 to 462 days, the fibrous debris of this plant, i.e. refractory fractions, associated with the appropriate conditions of pH and oxi-reduction potential, can contribute to the gas production and storage of particulate organic matter in sediments.OBJETIVO: Nesse estudo foram comparadas as cinéticas de decomposição de Eichhornia azurea e discutidos os destinos de seus detritos; MÉTODOS: As amostras de plantas e de água foram coletadas no reservatório de Piraju (Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As plantas foram secas e trituradas; para cada condição experimental (meio aeróbio e anaeróbio foram preparadas 72 câmaras de mineralização com fragmentos de planta e água do reservatório. Nos dias de coleta as fra

Perfil antropométrico e fisiológico dos jogadores de rugby portugueses - Parte I: comparação entre atletas de diferentes grupos posicionais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

António Miguel da Cruz-Ferreira

2013-02-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: No rugby, cada posição apresenta exigências muito específicas e distintas, tanto em nível antropométrico como fisiológico. Os diferentes estudos publicados revelam a existência de diferenças significativas em nível das características antropométricas e fisiológicas dos atletas de rugby das diferentes posições. Apesar de comuns em países onde a modalidade é mais popular, nenhum estudo procurando caracterizar o atleta de rugby português foi, até agora, publicado. OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar antropométrica e fisiologicamente os atletas de rugby portugueses, procurando identificar eventuais diferenças entre atletas de grupos posicionais distintos. Comparar os resultados obtidos com os demais trabalhos já publicados. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 46 jogadores de rugby de duas equipes a disputarem competições nacionais seniores masculinas. Os atletas foram agrupados, em função das suas posições em campo, em avançados (n = 24 e recuados (n = 22. Todos os atletas foram submetidos a uma avaliação antropométrica com determinação de estatura, massa corporal e nove pregas cutâneas. Quarenta submeteram-se, igualmente, a uma avaliação das suas capacidades físicas que consistiu na determinação da velocidade, aceleração e capacidade aeróbia máxima. A análise estatística foi realizada com recurso ao software IBM® SPSS® Statistics v.19, tendo sido considerado um valor de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Os avançados apresentaram um peso corporal médio de 96,02 kg (± 13,44 e 1,80 m (± 0,06 de estatura, contra os 76,84 kg (± 7,28 de peso médio e 1,73 m (± 0,06 de estatura dos recuados. Quanto à avaliação fisiológica, os recuados apresentaram globalmente melhores resultados. No teste dos 10m demoraram apenas 1,97 s (± 0,20 contra os 2,10 s (± 0,27 dos avançados. No teste de velocidade, os recuados demoraram, em média, 4,50 s (± 0,32, menos 0,36s que os avançados. A capacidade aeróbia máxima em fun

Promoción de la salud en adolescentes mediante un programa de intervención de mejora de la condición física y del estilo de vida

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Eva Clemente Bosch

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Dado que el estilo de vida se condiciona en gran medida durante la adolescencia, es una etapa clave para la promoción de estilos de vida saludables, tales como el incremento de la actividad física y la mejora de la condición física. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer el nivel de práctica de actividad física habitual en adolescentes y analizar su influencia en la salud, especialmente cardiovascular. Así como, diseñar y llevar a cabo un programa de intervención de mejora de la condición física y del estilo de vida en esta misma población. Se evaluó, pre-intervención, nivel de práctica de actividad física y tiempo dedicado a actividades sedentarias, mediante cuestionario; y pre- y posintervención, presión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca en reposo, mediante tensiómetro digital; composición corporal, mediante antropometría (peso, talla, pliegues cutáneos y perímetros corporales y la condición física orientada a la salud, mediante ocho pruebas para medir diferentes capacidades (resistencia aeróbica, fuerza y resistencia muscular, flexibilidad y velocidad-agilidad. A partir de las anteriores, se calculó Índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de grasa, masa libre de grasa y capacidad aeróbica. Concluimos que el nivel de práctica de actividad física de los adolescentes residentes en el área metropolitana de Valencia es bajo, asociándose los chicos a un nivel de práctica muy superior al de las chicas (57,6 % de chicos y 14 % de chicas cumplen las recomendaciones al respecto; datos que son preocupantes por las repercusiones que puedan tener en la salud. El sexo tiene una alta influencia en los hábitos de práctica de actividad física, por lo que se debería tener muy en cuenta a la hora de diseñar y llevar a cabo programas de intervención. Los adolescentes que practican más actividad física tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar mejor salu-d cardiovascular y la prevalencia de adolescentes que posee una

AERE contracts with DOE on the treatment and disposal of Intermediate Level Wastes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Partridge, B.A.

1985-07-01

Individual summaries are provided for each contract report, under the titles: comparative evaluation of α and βγ irradiated medium level waste forms; modelling and characterisation of intermediate level waste forms based on polymers; optimisation of processing parameters for polymer and bitumen modified cements; α damage in non-reference matrix materials; leaching mechanisms and modelling; inorganic ion exchange treatment of medium active effluents; electrical processes for the treatment of medium active liquid waste; fast reactor fuel element cladding; dissolver residues; effects of radiation on the properties of cemented MTR waste forms; equilibrium leach testing of cemented MTR waste forms; radiolytic oxidation of radionuclides; immobilisation of liquid organic wastes; quality control, non-conformances and corrective action; application of gel processes in the treatment of actinide-containing liquid wastes; the role of colloids in the release of radionuclides from nuclear waste. (author)

EVALUACIÓN DE PROCESOS BIOLÓGICOS UNITARIOS EN LA REMOCIÓN SIMULTÁNEA DE NUTRIENTES PARA MINIMIZAR LA EUTROFIZACIÓN AVALIAÇÃO DE PROCESSOS BIOLÓGICOS UNITÁRIOS NA REMOÇÃO SIMULTÂNEA DE NUTRIENTES PARA MINIMIZAR A EUTROFIZAÇÃO EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL UNIT PROCESSES IN THE SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF NUTRIENTS TO MINIMIZE EUTROPHICATION

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Julio César Saldarriaga

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Se operaron dos sistemas de tratamiento biológico (anaerobio-anóxico-aerobio -A2O- o tren I y aerobio-anóxico o tren II, modificados con la adición de AnoxKaldnes como medio de soporte en las cámaras aerobias, en la eliminación simultánea de materia orgánica y nutrientes (nitrógeno y fósforo. Los arreglos contaron con un crecimiento de biomasa en suspensión en cámaras anaerobia y anóxicas y combinado (suspendido y adherido en las aerobias. Durante la experimentación se garantizaron tasas de recirculación aerobio-anóxico que varían entre 100 y 300 %, aplicadas en iguales periodos experimentales, así mismo desde el sedimentador secundario hacia la cámara anaerobia en el tren I y hacia la anóxica en el tren II, con tasas del 100 %. El tiempo de retención hidráulica (TRH varió entre 10 y 24 horas por tren y el tiempo de retención de sólidos (TRS se mantuvo entre 15 y 20 días. Los procesos fueron evaluados empleando agua residual sintética, similar en composición al agua residual doméstica, preparada a partir de suero de leche en polvo y con la adición de macronutrientes y micronutrientes. Las remociones obtenidas durante toda la experimentación fueron superiores al 90 % en DQO y cercanas al 85 % en N y en P, valores que corresponden a las medianas de toda la experimentación, es decir, incluyen las respuestas logradas para las diversas tasas de recirculación (aerobio-anóxico y para un periodo de investigación total de 14 meses.Operaram-se dois sistemas de tratamento biológico (anaeróbio-anóxico-aeróbio –A2O– ou arranjo I e aeróbio-anóxico ou arranjo II, modificados com a adição de AnoxKaldnes como meio de suporte nas câmeras aeróbias, na eliminação simultânea de matéria orgânica e nutrientes (nitrogênio e fósforo. Os arranjos contaram com um crescimento de biomassa em suspensão em câmeras anaeróbia e anóxicas e combinado (suspendido e aderido nas aeróbias. Durante a experimenta

Férias do treino? Cuidado, 2 semanas de interrupção provocam alterações fisiológicas e psicobiológicas!

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Geovana Silva Fogaça Leite

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Para investigar o impacto de duas semanas de destreino na capacidade aeróbia e nas respostas psicobiológicas de corredores, 16 voluntários adultos foram recrutados. Após uma avaliação clínica, os voluntários foram submetidos a uma avaliação da composição corporal, coleta de sangue, teste ergoespirométrico máximo inicial e posteriormente outro em carga constante na intensidade do limiar ventilatório 1 (LV-1, e responderam questionários que avaliaram a ansiedade, perfil de humor e dependência de exercício. Uma semana após o término dessas avaliações, os voluntários foram submetidos a um período de destreino sustentado por duas semanas, e ao término, foram avaliados utilizando o mesmo procedimento inicial. Os resultados revelaram que o destreino causou diminuição no consumo de oxigênio e na ventilação em 9.1 e 8.6% respectivamente, além disso, o destreino aumentou os sintomas negativos de humor como ansiedade, tensão, depressão e diminuiu o vigor. Após a realização do exercício, houve alívio dos sintomas negativos de humor e aumento do vigor. Conclui-se que a interrupção do treino por um período curto de duas semanas provoca diminuição na capacidade aeróbia e alterações psicobiológicas.

Radwaste disposal strategy in Bangladesh: Present status and future trends

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jalil, A.; Rabbani, G.

2002-01-01

Significant amounts of radioactive solid liquid and mixed wastes are generated in Bangladesh from peaceful uses of atomic energy including disused sealed sources and spent fuel from the research reactor and other hot laboratories in the country. At present these wastes are being collected, segregated, labeled and stored in an interim safe storage. A Central Waste Processing and Storage Facility (CWPSF) is fast nearing completion in the Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar campus where the TRIGA Research Reactor, Isotope Production Laboratory, 14 MeV Neutron Generator, 37 x 10 2 TBq commercial irradiator and other hot facilities are situated. A national strategy exists for the management and disposal of various types of radioactive wastes. Gaseous and liquid wastes are discharged in the environment in a controlled manner following delay decay procedure. Short-lived low and intermediate level wastes (SL-LILW) and disused/spent sealed radioactive sources are being stored in an interim storage before storage in the CWPSF following short treatment and conditioning. As regards their disposal, the currently preferred option is engineered near surface repository. Site investigation work has progressed far enough toward the goal of establishing a demonstration repository at AERE, Savar by the year 2010. For small amount of long-lived highly active problem wastes including spent radium needles and disused radioactive sources, the safe management option is a long-term storage in the CWPSF after conditioning and treatment. But this is not considered as a sustainable solution. The real emphasis is placed on the development of inexpensive disposal methods and availing regional/international repositories. (author)

Digestibility and nitrogen balance of lambs fed sugarcane hydrolyzed under different conditions as roughage in the diet

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Viviane Endo

2015-02-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the digestibility and nitrogen balance (NB of lambs fed sugarcane hydrolyzed under different conditions. Fifteen Ile de France lambs at, on average, 23.5kg of body weight were evaluated. Treatments were: in natura sugarcane (IN, sugarcane hydrolyzed using 0.6% calcium oxide (CaO under aerobic condition (AER, and sugarcane hydrolyzed using 0.6% CaO under anaerobic condition (ANA. Therefore, a completely randomized design was constituted with five replicates per treatment. Treatments were supplied to animals along with concentrate. Both hydrolysis conditions aimed to alter the sugarcane fermentation pattern, therefore improving fiber digestibility. Lambs were housed in individual pens and fed with diet allowing 10% of refusals. Refusals, feces and urine were sampled daily during five days. They were collected to determine the digestibility and NB. A higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (57.05%, organic matter (85.39%, hemicellulose (72.09%, NB (29.46g day-1 and 2.78g kg-0.75 day-1 and rate of nitrogen absorbed (3.00g kg-0.75 day-1 were observed for lambs fed with ANA than for those fed IN (41.17%, 73.76%, 53.80%, 21.39g day-1, 2.00g kg-0.75 day-1 and 2.22g kg-0.75 day-1, respectively. As roughage, ANA in the lamb diet, optimizes the nitrogen balance and is more efficient to improve the digestibility of some nutrients compared to IN. Whereas AER was as efficient as ANA and IN

Effect of prenatal phenytion exposure on the apical ectodermal ridges of chick wing buds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Afzal, F.; Raza, S.; Shafique, M.

2017-01-01

Objective: To observe the effect of sodium phenytoin on the development of the apical ectodermal ridges (AER) in chick wing buds. Study Design: Laboratory based case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Department of Anatomy located at the Regional Center of College of Physicians and Surgeons Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2014 to Jan 2015. Material and Methods: Sixty fertilized chicken eggs of 'Egyptian fayoumi' breed were selected and divided into two subgroups, experimental and control, each having 30 eggs. A single dose of 3.5 mg sodium phenytoin was injected in each egg of the experimental subgroup while controls were administered same volume of normal saline. The embryos were extracted 96 hours (day 4) after incubation. Histological sections were cut at 5 micro m thickness and stained with Feulgen Nuclear and Light Green to measure the maximum thickness of the apical ectodermal ridges. The number of cells and mitoses in each ridges were also counted. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between experimental and control subgroups regarding the maximum thickness and number of cells in the apical ectodermal ridge but there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of mitoses in the experimental ridges. Conclusion: The study shows that sodium phenytoin exerts an inhibitory effect on the apical ectodermal ridges of developing limbs evident by the decreased number of mitoses in the AER of wing buds of experimental chick embryos making it a potential target site for limb teratogenicity associated with its maternal intake during pregnancy. (author)

Construction and analysis of a human hepatotoxicity database suitable for QSAR modeling using post-market safety data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu, Xiao; Kruhlak, Naomi L.

2014-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Abstract: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most common drug-induced adverse events (AEs) leading to life-threatening conditions such as acute liver failure. It has also been recognized as the single most common cause of safety-related post-market withdrawals or warnings. Efforts to develop new predictive methods to assess the likelihood of a drug being a hepatotoxicant have been challenging due to the complexity and idiosyncrasy of clinical manifestations of DILI. The FDA adverse event reporting system (AERS) contains post-market data that depict the morbidity of AEs. Here, we developed a scalable approach to construct a hepatotoxicity database using post-market data for the purpose of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling. A set of 2029 unique and modelable drug entities with 13,555 drug-AE combinations was extracted from the AERS database using 37 hepatotoxicity-related query preferred terms (PTs). In order to determine the optimal classification scheme to partition positive from negative drugs, a manually-curated DILI calibration set composed of 105 negatives and 177 positives was developed based on the published literature. The final classification scheme combines hepatotoxicity-related PT data with supporting information that optimize the predictive performance across the calibration set. Data for other toxicological endpoints related to liver injury such as liver enzyme abnormalities, cholestasis, and bile duct disorders, were also extracted and classified. Collectively, these datasets can be used to generate a battery of QSAR models that assess a drug's potential to cause DILI

Anatomía foliar y caulinar en especies de Stemodia (Scrophulariaceae Foliar and caulinar anatomy in species of Stemodia (Scrophulariaceae

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Maria De Las Mercedes Sosa

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Se describe la estructura anatómica foliar y caulinar en el género Stemodia. Son consideradas siete especies: S. ericifolia (Kuntze K. Schum., S. hyptoides Cham. & Schltdl., S. lanceolata Benth., S. lobelioides Lehm., S. palustris A. St.-Hil., S. stricta Cham. & Schltdl. y S. verticillata (Mill. Hassl. Se hallaron diferencias en la epidermis foliar, donde hay variación en el tipo de estomas y de tricomas, y en la forma de las papilas epidérmicas; también en la estructura del mesofilo. Se describen e ilustran cuatro tipos de tricomas considerando si son o no glandulares y el número de células que lo conforman. El estudio de la anatomía caulinar mostró diferencias en cuanto a la presencia de aerénquima cortical y de laguna medular, y el porcentaje de espacios en el aerénquima cortical.Comparative anatomical studies of the leaves and stems on the genus Stemodia are presented. Seven species are considered: S. ericifolia (Kuntze K. Schum., S. hyptoides Cham. & Schltdl., S. lanceolata Benth., S. lobelioides Lehm., S. palustris A. St.-Hil., S. stricta Cham. & Schltdl. and S. verticillata (Mill. Hassl. There are variation in the stomatal and trichome types, form of the papillae and mesophyll structure. Four trichome types are described and illustrated considering if they are glandular or non-glandular and the number of cells. The stems present a quite homogeneous anatomical structure. Some differences in the amount and distribution of the aerenchyma and the size of the intercellular spaces are observed.

Influência do período de armazenamento na qualidade do ovo integral pasteurizado refrigerado

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I.O.P Rêgo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se o pH e a qualidade microbiológica de ovos integrais pasteurizados refrigerados obtidos de dois tipos de matéria-prima: o ovo in natura (comercial e o ovo galado (ovo fértil. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, sendo na parcela dois tipos de ovos integrais pasteurizados, o comercial e o galado, e na subparcela quatro períodos de estocagem sob temperatura de refrigeração, um, sete, 14 e 21 dias. Não foi observada a presença de Salmonella spp. em nenhuma amostra analisada, e para os ovos comerciais, o período de estocagem não contribuiu para o aumento (P>0,05 da contaminação por mesófilos aeróbios, coliformes a 35ºC, Staphylococcus spp. e bolores e leveduras. Para as amostras de ovos galados, o período de armazenamento influenciou no aumento (P<0,05 da contagem de mesófilos aeróbios, coliformes a 35ºC, bolores e leveduras, e Staphylococcus spp. Os valores de pH aumentaram durante os primeiros dias do armazenamento e depois voltaram a diminuir. Concluiu-se que os ovos integrais galados pasteurizados apresentam pior qualidade em relação aos ovos integrais comerciais pasteurizados, e que o período de validade sob refrigeração desses tipos de ovos poderia ser de sete e 14 dias, respectivamente.

LA CAPACIDAD ACELERATIVA EN EL DEPORTE

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Isidoro Hornillos Baz

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La capacidad acelerativa adquiere una gran relevancia en las disciplinas deportivas que exigen desplazamientos rápidos. Forma parte de la velocidad, como cualidad motora, en su dimensión compleja. Desde una perspectiva bioenergética, la aceleración depende de la potencia del sistema anaeróbico aláctico. Para mejorar esta capacidad será necesario realizar ejercicios a la máxima intensidad, con recuperaciones completas y con una duración no superior a los seis segundos, en general. También desarrollar las técnicas de salida y de carrera. Los principales medios para la mejora de la aceleración son los multisaltos; las cuestas; los arrastres; los ejercicios con cinturones y tobilleras; los lastres en forma de cinturones, tobilleras o carreras con paracaídas; el entrenamiento de fuerza con cargas y los sprints en terreno liso. Pero en algunos deportes colectivos va a ser determinante la resistencia a la aceleración, debido al alto número de carreras de máxima o alta velocidad durante un partido. En estos casos será también necesario desarrollar la capacidad anaeróbica aláctica y la potencia y capacidad lactácida. Asimismo, hay que alcanzar un mínimo nivel de potencia aeróbica, que representa la máxima cantidad de producción de ATP por unidad de tiempo en base a procesos metabólicos de naturaleza aeróbica.

Radiation Therapy and Late Mortality From Second Sarcoma, Carcinoma, and Hematological Malignancies After a Solid Cancer in Childhood

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tukenova, Markhaba; Guibout, Catherine; Hawkins, Mike; Quiniou, Eric; Mousannif, Abddedahir; Pacquement, Helene; Winter, David; Bridier, Andre; Lefkopoulos, Dimitri; Oberlin, Odile; Diallo, Ibrahima; Vathaire, Florent de

2011-01-01

Purpose: To compare patterns of long-term deaths due to secondary carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignancies occurring after childhood cancer in a cohort of patients followed over a median of 28 years. Methods and Materials: The study included 4,230 patients treated at eight institutions, who were at least 5-year survivors of a first cancer, representing 105,670 person-years of observation. Complete clinical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic data were recorded, and the integral radiation dose was estimated for 2,701 of the 2,948 patients who had received radiotherapy. The integral dose was estimated for the volume inside the beam edges. The causes of death obtained from death certificates were validated. Results: In total, 134 events were due to second malignant neoplasm(s) (SMN). We found that the standardized mortality ratio decreased with increasing follow-up for second carcinomas and sarcomas, whereas the absolute excess risk (AER) increased for a second carcinoma but decreased for second sarcomas. There was no clear variation in SMN and AER for hematological malignancies. We found a significant dose-response relationship between the radiation dose received and the mortality rate due to a second sarcoma and carcinoma. The risk of death due to carcinoma and sarcoma as SMN was 5.2-fold and 12.5-fold higher, respectively, in patients who had received a radiation dose exceeding 150 joules. Conclusions: Among patients who had received radiotherapy, only those having received the highest integral radiation dose actually had a higher risk of dying of a second carcinoma or sarcoma.