Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of a gas-operated diffusion absorption heat pump for the heating of living spaces is described. By various improvement an energy efficiency of the prototypes of 1.5 was achieved. Structural alterations led to a lower overall height and lower production costs. The CFCs used in electric heat pumps were replaced by environmentally neutral ammonia. Compared with conventional gas heating systems, the CO2 output could be reduced by more than 30%. figs., tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper presents a procedure for the calculation of an absorption-refrigeration plant that uses an LiBr/ZnBr{sub 2}/CH{sub 3}OH solution and is driven throughout the year by heat received from a solar pond. The calculations for the solar pond are based on a finite-difference solution of the transient heat conduction differential equation during the year, and the operation of the refrigeration unit is simulated by the use of functions describing the thermodynamic behaviour of the working medium. On the basis of the procedure devised, correlations and nomographs are developed that describe the seasonally optimum operation of the proposed composite system. The nomographs may be employed for a first estimation in the design of such systems. (Author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The merits of single stage absorption heat pumps coupled to simple distillation for effluent treatment are discussed. An experimental integrated absorption heat pump effluent purification system (IAHPEPS) was built and operated with water-lithium bromide as a working mixture. This unit has been used to raise the temperature and hence, the vapour pressure of the impure water contained in one vessel, to the point where pure water vapour will distil from impure effluent solution (tap water or brine) and condense in a second vessel used to collect pure water. Pure effluent production rates of between 0.5 and 4.3 kg h{sup -1} were obtained. The actual coefficient of performance (COP{sub A}) and the heat pump effectiveness varied from 1.1 to 1.4 and 0.58 to 0.72, respectively. The results from the small scale systems indicate the likely results from industrial scale units which could be ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Process engineers can predict quickly and accurately the equilibrium behavior of simultaneous H/sub 2/S and CO/sub 2/ absorptions in monoethanolamine and diethanolamine systems by using the nomographs developed by H.K. Ferguson Co. Correlation lines for temperature and amine concentration provided with the loading curves make the nomographs useful for any combination of temperature, concentration, and liquid loadings. The accuracy of the nomographs is within the acceptable range for normal engineering applications when the operating parameters lie in the region of practical gas-treating conditions. Correction curves given for each nomograph to improve the accuracy are generally not needed except for cases where the gas loadings are higher than 0.5 mole/mole of amine.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tarapur Atomic Power Station unit-4 is first 540 MWe pressurized heavy water reactor. Heavy water is used as the coolant and moderator. With reactor operation tritium is formed by absorption of neutron by deuterium atoms. Experience in the 220 MWe indicates that tritium is main contributor to the internal dose of radiation workers. Study on tritium build up in Primary Heat Transport (PHT) and Moderator (MOD) system was carried out at the initial stage of the operation of the unit-4. This paper brings out tritium activity buildup in the PHT and MOD systems and its comparison with 220 MWe reactors. This paper helps in estimation of the internal dose contribution to the radiation workers at TAPS 3 and 4. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The industrial standard process for the purification of natural gas is to remove acid gases, mainly hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, by the absorption and reaction of these gases with alkanolamines. Inadequate data for vapor -- liquid equilibrium (VLE) hinder the industry from converting operations to more energy efficient amine mixtures and conserving energy. Some energy reductions have been realized in the past decade by applying such amine systems as ``hindered`` amines, methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and MDEA based amine mixtures. However, the lack of reliable and accurate fundamental VLE data impedes the commercial application of these more efficient alkanolamine systems. The first project objective is to improve the accuracy of vapor -- liquid equilibrium measurements at low hydrogen sulfide concentrations. The second project objective is to measure the VLE for amine mixtures. By improving the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the microwave tokamak experiment (MTX) program, we are concentrating on experiments using intense, free-electron laser (FEL) generated microwave pulses. In initial FEL experiments, several diagnostic instruments were operated during injection of microwave pulses with peak powers to 0.2 GW at durations of 10 ns. Fixed and spatially scanning microwave detectors and receivers and a 48-element calorimeter on the inside wall of MTX diagnosed the GW-level FEL microwave pulses. With these diagnostics, linear-wave absorption and efficiencies of transmission through the quasi-optical transport system were studied. In addition, several radially resolved measurements of plasma density, temperature, and emission were made during FEL injection and were used in the analysis of microwave absorption data. A timing system, slaved to the FEL pulse arrival time, is capable of accuracy to a few ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We theoretically investigate the features of two-photon absorption in a coherently driven four-level atomic system with closed-loop configuration. It is found that two-photon absorption can be completely suppressed just by properly adjusting the relative phase of four coherent low-intensity driving fields and the atomic system becomes transparent against two-photon absorption. From a physical point of view, we explicitly explain these results in terms of quantum interference induced by two different two-photon excitation channels.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electric power industry can use the carbon dioxide absorption process to capture carbon from high-volume flue gas. However, the current cost of the process is too high due to the approximation method used in process design. The absorption column is typically designed with parameters that are assumed to be constant over the whole length of the column, resulting in an oversized unit. This approximation method is no longer valid given new environmental and economic concerns. In order to develop an accurate column design for high-efficiency carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) capture, it is necessary to understand the phenomena taking place in the system. A mechanistic model is presented for a robust absorber design that takes into account mass-transfer and hydrodynamic behaviour within the CO{sub 2} absorption columns. The capture performance of a packed column under a wide range of design and ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In the last years, the growing demand for air conditioning has caused a significant increase in demand for primary energy resources. Solar-powered cooling is one of the technologies which allows to obtain, by using the renewable solar source, an important energy saving compared to traditional air conditioning plants. The paper describes different technical installations for solar cooling, their way of operation, advantages and limits. The objective of the present study has been to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of solar absorption cooling systems, designed for two different application fields: industrial refrigeration and air conditioning. The possibility to replace or integrate the existing plants is studied, by considering the refrigeration requirements of a company, whic...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Available in abstract form only. Full text of publication follows: In this study. simulation of carbon dioxide absorption by Sodium Hydroxide solution in a packed bed has been investigated. At first, mass and energy balances were applied around a differential height of the bed. So, the governing equations were obtained. Surface renewal theory by Danckwerts was used to represent the mass transfer operation Finally, by changing the operating parameters like solvent temperature, inlet gas composition pressure and height of the bed, the effect of these parameters on the absorption and the composition of carbon dioxide in exit stream have been investigated. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the important aspects in an absorption system is the effectiveness in which the gas and liquid phases come into contact with each other. An effective absorption process will provide sufficient contacting area for the gas and liquid phases to interact upon. With this in mind, work was conducted to evaluate carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) absorption into aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA) using two different types of contacting devices: gas absorption membrane (GAM) modules and traditional packed columns. The performance of these two absorption devices was compared to one another using the overall mass transfer coefficient (K{sub G}a{sub v}) as a basis. The GAM module contained microporous polypropylene hollow fibre membranes and the packed absorption column contained Sulzer DX structured packing. The results indicate that GAM ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The application of differential optical absorption (DOA) techniques for the in-situ determination of the chemical composition of coal gasification process streams is investigated. Absorption spectra of relevant molecular species and the temperature and pressure effects on DOA-determined spectral characteristics of these species will be determined and cataloged. A system will be configured, assembled, and tested.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Gastrointestinal patches represent a novel multiparticulate drug delivery system able to increase the intestinal absorption of drugs with poor bioavailability. The number of patches to administer is a critical issue since it is related to the surface and drug concentration at the absorption site. The objective of this article is to evaluate the effect of the number of administered patches on the final absorption of leuprolide, a peptide chosen as model drug, assuming complete adhesion of all the devices to the intestinal membrane. The same dose of leuprolide was encapsulated into 2, 4 and 6 patches; the resulting intestinal absorption profiles were measured with the Ussing chamber ex vivo experimental setup and compared between them. The results showed that varying the number of patches, t...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Application of an optimization technique to extract the non-ideal parameters of gas absorption with chemical reactions process was described. The gas absorption was modeled using mass transfer theory to represent the realistic behaviors of an absorber. The model was a highly non-linear iterative model which correlated the overall rate of absorption as the function of unknown non-ideal parameters, including the physical liquid mass transfer coefficient and the wetted interfacial area of of packings. The optimization program was developed to minimize the sum of squares of relative errors between the model predictions and the experimental data. Four sets of experimental data (case studies) with different operating conditions were used for extracting parameters. Comparisons between predicted and experimental measured overall absorption rate were in good agreement, average absolute value ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The motivation of this work is to develop high reflectance normal-incidence multilayer mirrors in the 8-12 nm wavelength region for applications in astronomy and extreme ultraviolet lithography. To achieve this goal, Mo/Sr and Mo/Y multilayers were studied. These multilayers were deposited with a UHV magnetron sputtering system and their reflectances were measured with synchrotron radiation. High normal-incidence reflectances of 23% at 8.8 nm, 40.8% at 9.4 nm, and 48.3% at 10.5 nm were achieved. However, the reflectance of Mo/Sr multilayers decreased rapidly after exposure to air. Attempts to use thin layers of carbon to passivate the surface of Mo/Sr multilayers were unsuccessful. Experimental results on the refractive index {tilde n} = 1-{delta} + i{beta} of yttrium and molybdenum in the 50-1300 eV energy region are reported in this work. This is the first time ever that values on the refractive index of yttrium are measured in this energy range. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Absorption with aqueous amine solvents is at present the most viable technology for CO{sub 2} capture. While this is a proven technology, efforts are ongoing to improve it in order to make it a more attractive technology for large scale use to reduce CO{sub 2} emissions. Finding solvents with better properties is one approach to improving the technology. In this thesis methods in computational chemistry are used to improve the understanding of the chemistry of CO{sub 2} absorption in amine-water systems. The work is also intended to provide models that can be used to predict the performance of new solvents. Such predictive models are intended to facilitate the screening for new solvents

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As research for the chemical properties of lanthanide molecules in the dry system, electrochemical and ultraviolet-visible optical measurements on the chloride molten salt system have been conducted at Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University. The reduction behavior of Ln(III)-Ln(0) and Ln(II) are measured on La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Yb by the cyclic voltammetry. The molar absorption coefficients of the f-f transition are measured by the measurement of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra on Pr, Nd, Ho and Gd. From the comparison of the optical data between wet and dry systems, the characteristics of photon absorption are discussed in the molten salt. (H. Katsuta)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A semi-automatic system which considers operation in a face by monitoring technological parameters of an extraction vehicle and a longwall conveyor is examined. The system records in tabular form the location, progress made, operating and down time of an extraction vehicle and operating and down time of the conveyor. A description of the operating principle system and systems for arrangement of the remote sensing and central recording device are presented. (Note: extraction vehicle not identified: LTN)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tritium is produced in large quantities at heavy water nuclear power reactors via the neutron activation reaction "2H(n,#gamma#)"3H. At Wolsung nuclear power plant which has a CANDU reactor, the tritium concentrations in coolant and in moderator systems are 1.5 Ci/Kg-D_2O and 35 Ci/kg-D_2O, respectively, after 12 years of operation. The airborne tritium concentration in main access area is normally less than 5 MPCa except short-term peaks. The average tritium concentrations in main access controlled areas are normally less than 100 MPCa. Tritium is mainly present in the air of workplace of CANDU reactors as a tritiated water vapour. Airborne tritiated water vapour enters the workers body via inhalation and absorption through skin and can result in a significant dose. The occupational doses from tritium at Wolsung NPP have been maintained below 1 man-Sv per year so far. The tritium contribution to the total plant man-Sv ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In Pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWRs), neutron poison in the moderator is used to compensate the excess reactivity present in the core on different occasions such as xenon decay during synchronization just after poison out period or start ups from xenon free conditions. It is also used in secondary shutdown system (SDS-2), where required amount of neutron poison is injected directly into the moderator within 2.5 seconds. Further, it is also used for over poisoning the moderator to achieve the guaranteed shutdown state when the regular shutdown systems are taken for maintenance. Generally, two types of moderator poisons are used in power reactors to balance the reactivity of the core and they are boron and gadolinium. Gadolinium is used in the form of gadolinium nitrate (Gd(NO3)3.6H2O). The paper gives the details of estimation of reactivity coefficients of gadolinium for 540 MWe PHWR for different operating ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The design of a gaging head for a portable radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analyzer is described. The gaging head is designed as a construction unit system which enables the application of lateral reflexion geometry as well as of coaxial geometry. It is designed so that adjustment from one geometry to the other is labour and time saving. The selection of characteristic radiation is performed by a couple of Ross' differential filters. These filters are prepared by a novel technique developed by our laboratory. The filter exchange is effected by the longitudinal move of the couple of filters encapsulated in a holder. The shift of the filters is controlled by means of a triggering mechanism situated in the body of the gaging head handle. This design makes is possible to handle the gaging head during measurements with one hand. A simple interchange of the absorption filter for the transmissive filter allows the operator to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This dissertation deals with membrane gas absorption in the application of CO{sub 2} removal by aqueous alkanolamines, using microporous PTFE hollow fiber membranes. A new lab-scale apparatus was constructed and an extensive experimental study executed to determine the performance of the membrane gas absorber, with aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as absorbents. The important operation parameters CO{sub 2} partial pressure, gas velocity, liquid velocity, temperature and liquid CO{sub 2} loading were systematically varied within the range typically experienced in a process for exhaust gas CO{sub 2}-removal

Science.gov (United States)

This article introduces a predictive capability for Hg retention in any Ca-based wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubber, given mercury (Hg) speciation at the FGD inlet, the flue gas composition, and the sulphur dioxide (SO2) capture efficiency. A preliminary statistical analysis of data from 17 full-scale wet FGDs connects flue gas compositions, the extents of Hg oxidation at FGD inlets, and Hg retention efficiencies. These connections clearly signal that solution chemistry within the FGD determines Hg retention. A more thorough analysis based on thermochemical equilibrium yields highly accurate predictions for total Hg retention with no parameter adjustments. For the most reliable data, the predictions were within measurement uncertainties for both limestone and Mg/lime systems operating in both forced and natural oxidation mode. With the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Information Collection Request (ICR) database, the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nuclear Act of Korea requires the manifest of low and intermediate level radioactive waste generated from nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities prior to deliver to a disposal sites. Individual history records of the radioactive waste should be described the information about the activity of nuclides in the drum, total activity, weight, the type of waste. So a fully automated nuclide analysis assay system(non-destructive) of a radwaste drum was developed. For the nuclides that could not be analysed directly by MCA, the activities of the representative {gamma}-emitters(Cs-137, Co-60) contained in the drum were measured by using that system. Then the scaling factors were used to calculate the activities of {alpha} - and {beta}-emitters. This assay system divided a drum into 8 segments, a segment into 8 sectors to minimize analysis error, and used several methods(transmission ratio, differential peak ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Hydropower analysis may include run-of-river, peaking, and pumped storage plants as well as system power operation. ...

CERN Document Server

In their Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 121302 (2004)] (also [Astron. Astrophys. 417, 853 (2004)]), Srianand et al. analysed optical spectra of heavy-element species in 23 absorption systems along background quasar sight-lines, reporting limits on relative variations in the fine-structure constant: da/a=(-0.06+/-0.06) x 10^{-5}. Here we demonstrate basic flaws in their analysis, using the same data and absorption profile fits, which led to spurious values of da/a and significantly underestimated uncertainties. We conclude that these data and fits offer no stringent test of previous evidence for a varying alpha.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this work is to improve the process for CO{sub 2} capture by alkanolamine absorption/stripping by developing an alternative solvent, aqueous K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} promoted by piperazine. Progress has been made in this reporting period on three subtasks. A simple thermodynamic model has been developed to represent the CO{sub 2} vapor pressure and speciation of the new solvent. A rate model has been formulated to predict the CO{sub 2} flux with these solutions under absorber conditions. A process and instrumentation diagram and process flow diagram have been prepared for modifications of the existing pilot plant system.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The role of dietary calcium and phosphorus in modifying the intestinal absorption of lead and also the effect of lead ingestion on the metabolism of cholecalciferol were studied in chicks. The efficiency of absorption of /sup 203/Pb and /sup 47/Ca was increased when the animals were fed a low calcium diet and treated with cholecalciferol. The synthesis of the vitamin D-induced calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was correspondingly increased. When the chicks were depleted of vitamin D and repleted with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)/sub 2/D/sub 3/) as their only source of the vitamin, the absorption of both /sup 47/Ca and /sup 203/Pb was unaffected by dietary calcium levels, and no change in CaBP levels occurred. Low dietary intake of phosphorus resulted in an increase in /sup 47/Ca and /sup 203/Pb absorption and in CaBP synthesis when the animals were treated with cholecalciferol. However, when the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

One-velocity angular flux of a neutron field generated by a polarly anisotropic point source in an infinite homogeneous region is calculated in P3 approximation, using the spherical harmonics operator formalism adapted to two-dimensional spherical geometry. The problem is reduced to simple algebraic equations. For weak absorption and linearly anisotropic scattering, the solution is given in closed form. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A solar energy collection and conversion system is disclosed in which a cassegrain mirror system is rotated about a diurnal axis, which axis is adjusted for seasonal variations in the incidence of the sun's rays on the earth's surface. A black body absorption cavity filled with translucent or transparent fluid material is used for direct absorption of the sun's rays. The incident solar energy is absorbed directly by the fluid medium. The fluid within the cavity may be maintained under extremely high pressures and temperatures in order to utilize this fluid as a heat storage medium. Such heat storage is facilitated by apparatus which permits a change in the volume of the reflective cavity in response to the temperature or pressure of the fluid within the cavity.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report contains the operation procedures in extreme situations and lessons learned from blackouts, based on a mandate given by the Operations Committee. Nordic TSOs have had common rules and principles for system operation i.e. System Operation Agreement since the late 1990s. The rules have been revised according to the system security and market changes and needs. The collaboration between system operators is regular and fruitful. The knowledge and capability to manage extreme situations of the Nordic power system has continuously increased and the recent blackouts did not show major deficiencies in operation practices. Regardless of the existing good collaboration it is important to continue development in the future in order to ensure high ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article describes the state-of-the-art HVAC system at the Philadelphia Marriott Hotel. Thermal comfort and indoor air quality are emphasized. The system uses a hybrid gas absorption/electric centrifugal chilled water plant, variable flow pumping, water-side economizers to provide free cooling, central air handling units with air-side economizers and flow monitoring equipment.

Science.gov (United States)

The rate of battery use is sometimes even higher in military operations. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, the Marines used more than 3000 single-use ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Wind2H2 system is fully functional and continues to gather performance data. In this report, specifications of the Wind2H2 equipment (electrolyzers, compressor, hydrogen storage tanks, and the hydrogen fueled generator) are summarized. System operational experience and lessons learned are discussed. Valuable operational experience is shared through running, testing, daily operations, and troubleshooting the Wind2H2 system and equipment errors are being logged to help evaluate the reliability of the system.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present the design of a diagnostic system to measure electron cyclotron absorption at the second harmonic E-mode resonance in the JET pumped divertor plasma. The diagnostic will measure transmission as a function of frequency along one or more sightlines from which the spatial profile of the n_eT_e product will be deduced. The divertor is briefly described, and the electron cyclotron resonance physics relevant to this measurement is reviewed. The problems of measuring transmission using an oversized transmission system are discussed and the chosen measurement technique, a swept frequency interferometer using a coherent radiation source, is described. A prototype of the instrument has been assembled to test the measurement technique. Some data demonstrating the instrument's characteristics are presented. The nonresonant losses, which may affect the interpretation of the measurement, are also discussed. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of differential absorption and Raman scattering techniques for the remote sensing of methane in underground coal mines is examined. An analysis of the differential absorption technique showed that non-range resolved systems were incapable of achieving the desired concentration and range specifications and therefore were unsuitable for use in underground coal mines. The Raman scattering technique proved quite successful and a conceptual design which uses the technique is presented. The availability of suitable UV source is critical to the success of the technique however, and to date there is nothing which meets size and portability requirements for a system of this type. Recommendations for further study are included. 19 refs.

Science.gov (United States)

The 17-metre DOE/Sandia VAWT began operation in March 1977. Since that time the turbine has been operated strictly by manual control for the purpose of data acquisition and performance analysis; this procedure has limited the VAWT operation time and power...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This guide is intended to provide the necessary guidance to successfully manage the NAVMED Navy Occupational Health Information Management System (NOHIMS) at NAVMED sites and the NAVSEA Occupational Safety and Health Record Keeping System (OSHRKS) at NAVSEA sites. Outlines procedures to manage system operations, procedures to resolve hardware, software and communications problems, and procedures outside the realm of system operations that are required for a successful system. This guide is intended for the System and Functional Managers use. The System Manager is the individual designated to provide overall ADP management to the entire local configuration. Usually responsible for file backup, daily operations of the CPU, security, supplies, equipment, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: To ensure continuous operation for condensate desalters with the control device for desalter group in a nuclear power plant by automatically averaging the operation interval between each of the desalters. Constitution: Electroconduction meters are provided at the inlet and the outlet for each of the desalters. The conduction rates at the inlet and outlet are compared to determine the re-generation timing of the condensate desalter. Limiting set value for each of the equipments in the cleanup systems is changed by using a mathematical operation circuit to average the operation interval between each of the desalters. (Ikeda, J.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Development of evaluation technology of electrochemical reactions is very essential to understand chemical behavior of actinides and lanthanides in molten salt media in relation to the development of Pyrochemical process. The on-line electrochemical/spectroscopic measurement system is to produce electrochemical parameters and thermodynamic parameters of actinides and lanthanides in molten salts by using spectroscopic techniques such as UV-VIS absorption as well as electrochemical in-situ measurement techniques. The on-line electrochemical/spectroscopic measurement system can be applied to understand the chemical reactions and oxidation states of actinides and lanthanides in molten salts eventually for the Pyrochemical process

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An optical fiber methane sensing system utilizing a super-luminescent diode (SLD) in the 1.33-mm band and a fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter (FFP-TF) is developed. A two-step reference measuring method, which is based on differential absorption technique, is employed; a reference channel is introduced to eliminate the fluctuation of the illuminant spectrum, and the reference wavelength acquired by tuning the FFP-TF is introduced to eliminate the environmental influence. The two-step reference measuring method has improved the reliability and stability of the system. A minimum detectable methane concentration of 0.3% has been experimentally achieved.

Science.gov (United States)

These cutting-edge developments will be used for future government and commercial launch systems and space transportation operations. ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In order to achieve the safe core cooling during normal operation and upset conditions, HANARO adopted an upward forced convection cooling system with dual containment arrangements instead of the forced downward flow system popularly used in the majority of forced convection cooling research reactors. This kind of upward flow system was selected by comparing the relative merits of upward and downward flow systems from various points of view such as safety, performance, maintenance. However, several operational matters which were not regarded as serious at design come out during operation. In this paper are presented the design and operational experiences on the unique cooling features of HANARO. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Apr 7, 2011 ... You cannot be in any type of pay status (e.g., annual leave, sick leave, .... Retirement System (FERS) and the Civil Service Retirement System ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Abstract : The United States Air Force (USAF) currently operates the Milstar satellite system to provide Military Satellite Communication Systems ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ways of improving the water chemistry used in the turbine generator stator?s cooling systems at Russian nuclear power plants are considered. Data obtained from operational chemical monitoring of indicators characterizing the quality of cooling water in the turbine generator stator cooling systems of operating power units at nuclear power plants are presented.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The efficacy of tamsulosin at the cost of a relatively benign side effect profile has been attributed to receptor selectivity directed at the α_1a and α_1d adrenergic...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The complex formation of zirconium with biphenyl mono- and biscatecholyazo derivatives has been studied spectrophotometrically. The composition of the complexes, form and charge of complex-forming zirconium ions have been established. A procedure is suggested for calculation of molar absorptivities and stability constants for each of the complexes formed simultaneously in the system. Possible complex formation schemes have been studied. The data obtained were used to develop a spectrophotometric method of determining zirconium in the presence of large amounts of copper.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oregon State University (OSU) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy to conduct research focused on resolving the key technical issues that limited the deployment of efficient and extremely compact microtechnology based heat actuated absorption heat pumps and gas absorbers. Success in demonstrating these technologies will reduce the main barriers to the deployment of a technology that can significantly reduce energy consumption in the building, automotive and industrial sectors while providing a technology that can improve our ability to sequester CO{sub 2}. The proposed research cost $939,477. $539,477 of the proposed amount funded research conducted at OSU while the balance ($400,000) was used at PNNL. The project lasted 42 months and started in April 2001. Recent developments at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Oregon State University suggest that the performance of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elemental analysis of some medicinal plants used in the Indian Ayurvedic system was performed by employing instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. The samples were irradiated with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor and the induced activity was counted by gamma ray spectrometry using an efficiency calibrated high resolution high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Most of the medicinal plants were found to be rich in one or more of the elements under study. The variation in elemental concentration in same medicinal plants samples collected in summer, winter and rainy seasons was studied and the biological effects of these elements on human beings are discussed. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method has been developed to optimize the energy resolution of a horizontally focusing monochromator. The method consists of determining the optimum radius of curvature of the cylindrically bent monochromator crystal by minimizing the total diffracted X-ray flux measured through an X-ray absorption foil. When measured at an absorption edge a global minimum can be identified, which corresponds to the minimum energy band accepted along the entire length of the crystal. Experimental verification of this method has been validated by comparing X-ray fluorescent scans taken for a series of crystal curvatures and by directly measuring the X-ray beam profiles at the corresponding points. The actual optical configuration and asymmetric-cut parameter of the focusing monochromator on beamline X4C at the National Synchrotron Light Source are modeled and ray tracing simulations of the optical system are compared with direct beam ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The fully developed electrically conducting micropolar fluid flow and heat transfer along a semi-infinite vertical porous moving plate is studied including the effect of viscous heating and in the presence of a magnetic field applied transversely to the direction of the flow. The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model which includes the effects of boundary and inertia forces is employed. The differential equations governing the problem have been transformed by a similarity transformation into a system of non-dimensional differential equations which are solved numerically by element free Galerkin method. Profiles for velocity, microrotation and temperature are presented for a wide range of plate velocity, viscosity ratio, Darcy number, Forchhimer number, magnetic field parameter, heat absorption ...

Science.gov (United States)

A nitrogen liquefier and computer controlled valving system have been added to the Bevatron cryoliner vacuum system to cut operating costs by reducing liquid nitrogen consumption. The computer and interface electronic systems, which control the temperatures of twenty-eight liquid nitrogen circuits, have been chosen and designed to operate in the Bevatron's pulsating magnetic field. The nitrogen exhaust is routed back to a liquefier, of about five kilowatt capacity, liquefied, and rerouted through the cooling circuits. A description of the system and operating results are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Proton production in pA interactions in the kinematically forbidden region is studied using the intranuclear cascade model for the primary proton energies 7.5 and 8.9 GeV/c. The region of secondary-proton kinetic energies above 100 MeV, where the contribution from the post-cascade stages of the interaction is small, is studied. The calculated energy and angular spectra are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The mechanisms of multiple rescattering of particles on the nucleons of the nucleus and ..pi..-meson absorption on a two-nucleon flucton are analyzed. The kinematical ranges where these mechanisms operate are determined.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many commercial processes for the removal of carbon dioxide from high-pressure gases use aqueous potassium carbonate systems promoted by secondary amines. This paper presents thermodynamic and kinetic data for aqueous potassium carbonate promoted by piperazine. Research has been performed at typical absorber conditions for the removal of CO{sub 2} from flue gas. Piperazine, used as an additive in 20-30 wt% potassium carbonate, was investigated in a wetted-wall column using a concentration of 0.6 m at 40-80{sup o}C. The addition of 0.6 m piperazine to a 20 wt% potassium carbonate system decreases the CO{sub 2} equilibrium partial pressure by approximately 85% at intermediate CO{sub 2} loading. The distribution of piperazine species in the solution was determined by proton NMR. Using the speciation data and relevant equilibrium constants, a model was developed to predict system speciation and equilibrium. The addition of 0.6 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report illustrates how, thanks to the development of a new algorithm for the probabilistic evaluation in a given period (e.g. one week) of the operating costs and risk indices (reliability) of a generation system with energy-constrained units, it has been possible to significantly improve the WAT program, used for many years by ENEL for generation expansion planning studies. In particular, it describes how the annual simulation of the system operation is accomplished, so as to calculate the mean expected values of the yearly operating costs (fuel) and the risk indices, at the same time optimizing the use of hydro resources and pumped-storage plants. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... biological effects body burden diet intestinal absorption lead lead 203 man

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The deuterium uptake behavior of Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes in Wolsung Unit 1 was analyzed in terms of longitudinal location, operation time, and coolant temperature. The results were compared with those obtained from Canadian CANDU reactors. The amount of deuterium uptake was higher at the outlet part than at the inlet part and was also higher when subjected to a longer operation time and a higher coolant temperature. The hydrogen uptake of Zr-2.5Nb in a hydrogen gas atmosphere was dependent on the microstructure of the alloy. The aged Zr-2.5Nb consisting of {alpha}-Zr and {beta}-Zr phases. The hydrogen in the alloy decreased the rate of oxidation. This could be explained in terms of the cathodic controlled reaction of Zr-2.5Nb oxidation. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An absorption method of elimination of liquid radioactive wastes (LRW) of low and intermediate activity level by decreasing their contamination up to the level permitting their discharge into the environment is proposed in the paper. The LRW decontamination is accompanied with efficient compacting the resulting secondary solid wastes. The method is based on the use of a new very efficient, chitin containing natural fiber bio-sorbent, Mycoton, which is manufactured commercially in Ukraine. The chemical composition of the sorbent and its highly developed surface provide practically unrestricted opportunities for producing its modifications having any necessary absorption and operational characteristics. The effects of pH, the presence of various salts and complexing agents, as well as of some other factors to the distribution coefficients of the most important radionuclides have been carefully studied in experiments with ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Y2K problem may impact on nuclear installations in a number of ways because embedded systems are used in nuclear routine operation, monitoring and control system. The very simplest embedded systems are capable of performing only a single function or set of functions to meet a single predetermined purpose. In more complex systems the functioning of the embedded system is determined by an application program that enables the embedded system to be used for a particular purpose in a specific application. The simplest devices consist of a single microprocessor which may itself be packaged with other chips in a hybrid system or Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Its input comes from a detector or sensor and its output goes to a switch or activator which may start or stop the operation of a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The RF system for the SuperHILAC injector linac was designed and constructed for minimum system complexity, wide dynamic range, and ease of maintenance. The final amplifier is close coupled to the linac and operates in an efficient semilinear mode, eliminating troublesome transmission lines, modulators, and high level regulators. The system has been operated at over 250 kW, 23 MHz with good regulation. The low level RF electronics are contained in a single chassis adjacent to the RF control computer, which monitors all important operating parameters. A unique 360/sup 0/ phase and amplitude modular is used for precise control and regulation of the accelerating voltage.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The importance of radiation management for nuclear facilities including nuclear power plants has increased as the general public understanding has progressed, and necessary information for management must be processed exactly and quickly. In nuclear power plants, radiation management is performed by each individual operation, and collected information is managed by the system of each operation. The distributed-processing radiation management system has been developed aiming to use a general-purpose LAN and make quick and efficient use of information managed by individual operations. This paper describes the system configuration and functions. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Due to deregulation, the electrical power industry is undergoing deep changes, moving towards an open market. Two kinds of parties are active in the new environment: the economical agents (producers, consumers, brokers) and the power system operator, the former interested in power exchanges and their economic value, the latter in bus injections and their threat to the security of the transmission network. The variables used to model the transmission network operation have to be meaningful to the power system operator as well as to the economical parties; the action rules followed by the power system operator to enforce network security have to be carefully designed to be equitable and non-discriminatory. In this paper, a modeling of the power exchanges is proposed in the form of multilateral trades, and some rules for the action of the power ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A quadruply redundant synchronous fault tolerant processor (FTP) is now under fabrication at the C.S. Draper Laboratory to be used initially as a trip monitor for the Experimental Breeder Reactor EBR-II operated by the Argonne National Laboratory in Idaho Falls, Idaho. The real time operating system for this processor is described.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Doublet III device is operating with an extensive system of plasma limiters and wall protective armor. Operations with up to 8MW of neutral beam power and 1.5MA plasma current are planned. Design and operational performance of the following systems are discussed: 1. Water-cooled graphite moveable limiter. 2. Water-cooled graphite fixed limiter and neutral beam wall armor. 3. Radiatively cooled Inconel divertor plates.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A self-tuning PID (proportional-integral-derivative) power system stabilizer (PSS) is presented for improving the dynamic stability of a multimachine power system over a wide range of operating conditions. In order to maintain good damping characteristic when there is a drastic change in system operating condition, the gain settings are adapted in real time based on the continuously measured system inputs and outputs. The proposed self-tuning stabilizer has a decentralized structure and only local measurements within each generating units are required for the adaptation process. The effectiveness of the proposed stabilizer is demonstrated by an example.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In abnormal conditions, the operator's ability to deal with a large volume of data, and initiate the most appropriate remedial action is a fundamental concern in the design of energy control centers. Once a severe disruption has occurred in the power network, a series of tasks are required before the operator can make any decisions. Many of these functions involve computational efforts, and require a long period of processing time. The application of a wrong set of information by the operator may result in a catastrophic recovery situation. Also, as the system becomes larger, the required time for these tasks grows significantly and the operator may have very little time to analyze the contingency and issue a proper decision. These facts have led to the conclusion that a computer driven decision making mechanism will help the operator perform duties ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The superconducting Tevatron accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) has surpassed twenty years of operation. The Tevatron is still the highest energy particle accelerator in the world and will remain so until the commissioning of the LHC in Europe later this decade. The Tevatron has operated in a Fixed Target mode, accelerating a proton beam into stationary targets/detectors, as well as a Colliding Beam mode, continuously colliding counter rotating beams of protons and antiprotons. Upon completion, the Tevatron cryogenic system became the world's largest helium refrigeration system. In 1993, the Tevatron cryogenic system was given the designation of International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The operational history, experiences and statistics of the Tevatron, with an ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A historical review of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) systems for marginal fields is presented. The areas in which such systems are operating, ranges of model tests, and current applicability of mooring systems are reviewed to present capabilities of these concepts. Limitations are reviewed to assess the applicability of these concepts to similar sites. Consideration of processing operations on floating vessels are identified. Particularly, the effects of vessel motion on the processing equipment, gas disposal, and crude offloading are addressed. It will be shown that operations are becoming well understood and routine. Future problem areas and solutions under development are identified. Specific examples are cited and design refinements are noted. While various floating production systems have been in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) has conducted a fundamental research program to determine the technical feasibility of a process concept that involves pressurized CO{sub 2}-coal gasification followed by a high-temperature CO{sub 2} removal step, using a MgO-based sorbent. To investigate a hot-CO{sub 2}-removal process, various MgO-containing materials were tested for their reactivity and capacity for removing CO{sub 2} from hot gas streams in a high-pressure thermobalance. No naturally-occurring materials were found to be acceptable, but a KOH-promoted magnesia was found to be sufficiently active for CO{sub 2} removal and to have a good capacity for CO{sub 2} absorption. Tests were conducted at pressures and temperatures in the ranges of 100--300 psig and 850{degree}--1170{degree}F. The CO{sub 2} absorption/desorption cycle was shown to be achievable by a simple pressure-swing operation between 0 and 315 psi CO{sub 2} ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A LOss of Electric Power(LOEP) experiment was conducted after a 30MW full power operation as one of the reactor performance tests to verify the design characteristics of the HANARO. The objective of LOEP test was to investigate the integral behaviors of the system and the components as well as the cooling characteristics when the electric power was lost unexpectedly. Through the test, it was confirmed that the residual heat from the core was safely removed by the natural convection cooling and the assistant power systems operated normally

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of irrigation systems in the proximity of high voltage transmission lines is increasing. This study examines the induced voltages and currents on a pivotal irrigation system operating under a 765 kV line. With a few simple precautions such as a system can be operated in complete safety. 1 ref.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A self-tuning Power System Stabilizer (PSS) is suggested in this paper. Computer simulations, of a lightly-damped single turbine-generator supplying power to an infinite bus system, show that this self-tuning PSS can work over a large operating range and make a significant improvement in rotor damping.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuji Electric has realized highly reliable and functional control systems by the dispersion type control system FOCUS, which uses the controller (ICS-2000) enjoying good reputation in controlling industrial plants for a long time and a personal computer with high windows operability, the former for controlling and the latter for MHI responsible for monitoring. The smelting process in a steel-making plant needs a highly reliable system for advanced control to ensure continuous operation. Fuji Electric delivered the FOCUS system to Kubota in 1998, as the smelting furnace instrumentation/control system for the cupola furnace. The system has been in service smoothly. Moreover, a total of four control systems have been delivered, 2 for steel-making furnaces and the other 2 for continuous casting. (NEDO)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel adaptive stabilizer, called an Adaptive Governor Power System Stabilizer (AGPSS), which operated on the governor turbine system, was described. There has been extensive research on adaptive excitation control of generators in power systems with the goal of achieving better dynamic performance. AGPSS tracks the frequency and damping of oscillations in a power system, and adjusts to ensure that there is always sufficient damping in the system. There is no interaction between stabilizers on different generating units, and each one acts independently, consuming oscillation energy locally. These stabilizers are easy to design and this facilitates their use in multimachine systems. Results obtained by nonlinear simulation of a single-machine and a three-machine power system were discussed, illustrating the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Polarized Gamma-ray Observer (PoGOLite) is a balloon-borne instrument that will measure gamma-ray polarization in the energy range 25-80 keV from astronomical sources such as pulsars, accretion discs and jets from active galactic nuclei. The two additional parameters provided by such observations, polarization angle and degree, will allow these objects to be studied in a new way, providing information about their emission mechanisms and geometries. The instrument measures azimuthal scattering angles of photons within a close packed array of phoswich detector cells (PDCs) based on coincident detection of Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption. Each PDC comprises three different scintillating components and combines photon detection, active collimation and bottom anticoincidence into one single unit. The three parts are viewed by a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and pulse shape discrimination is used to identify signals from dierent parts. Surrounding the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The carbon dioxide capture potential of amine amino acid salts (AAAS), formed by mixing equinormal amounts of amino acids; e.g. glycine. B-alanine and sarcosine, with an organic base; 3-(methylamino)propylamine (MAPA), was assessed by comparison with monoethanolamine (MEA), and with amino acid salt (AAS) from amino acid neutralized with an inorganic base; potassium hydroxide (KOH). Carbon dioxide absorption and desorption experiments were carried out on the solvent systems at 40{sup o}C and 80{sup o}C respectively. Experimental results showed that amine amino acid salts have similar CO{sub 2} absorption properties to MEA of the same concentration. They also showed good signs of stability during the experiments. Amino acid salt from an inorganic base, KOH, showed lower performance in CO{sub 2} absorption than the amine amino acid salts (AAAS) mainly due to a lower equilibrium temperature sensitivity. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This symposium about electric operational and expansion planning presents several articles that approaches issues such as, monitoring the power system stability, electrical load modelling, reliability in power systems, optimization in power systems, integrated resources planning in power systems, reactive control through static compensators, power flow analysis, system modelling, etc

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many rural industries generate amounts of biomass waste, such as rice husks, sawdust, wood chips, nutshells and plant stalks that represent a substantial energy resource. However, most often these biomass wastes are not utilized and are dumped or burned in the open. This paper will show the whole project cycle of an installation and commissioning of a thermal configuration of a BG-Systems in Indonesia. These projects highlight the economic, operational and environmental benefits of the BG-Systems. BG-Systems are small fixed-bed downdraft gasifier systems being marketed by BG Technologies that convert biomass into a producer gas that is essentially free of tars and can be used reliably in a diesel engine or thermal combustor. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The full scope simulator in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is imported from THOMSON-CSF company in France. It is a large facility, using digital simulation technology, that simulate the main control room of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station with the high fidelity. It is used for training operators; system analyzing including operation procedure verification. The input output interface system of the simulator is the bridge of the information exchange between instrumentation and the computer. From the point of view of data transfer, this paper discusses the operation principle of the I/O interface system.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report considers the effect of pipe-whip restraints and snubbers on the normal operation of piping systems in nuclear power plants. Also considered are the effect of these postulated event devices on reliability, economics, and the exposure of plant personnel to radiation. Field data were gathered from three nuclear power plants that had applied for Operating Licenses. Criteria, design philosophies, and data were obtained from the respective nuclear steam system suppliers, architects-engineers and utilities.

Science.gov (United States)

Bechtel Power Corporation has performed an evaluation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system cost versus design level of operating availability for an industrial sized dual-alkali process. Two principle sources were used: the Flue Gas Desulfurization Information System (FGDIS) maintained by the Environmental Protection Agency and budget quotations from an FGD vendor. A survey of the FGDIS data base proved inconclusive in establishing a relationship between FGD system cost and operating availability. Using equipment failure rates derived from various sources, component availability factors were developed for all major FGD system components. Cost and availability data of nine industrial FGD system configurations were analyzed on a per boiler basis. Linear curve fitting of these data produced mathematical relationships of cost and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Remote detection of chemicals using LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) utilizing DIAL (Differential Absorption LIDAR) is now a standard detection technique for both military and civilian activities. We have developed a novel nonlinear optical phase conjugation system that can reduce the effects of speckle noise and atmospheric turbulence on DIAL remote detection systems. We have shown numerically and experimentally that it is possible to increase the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio for LIDAR systems under certain conditions using optical phase conjugation. This increase in S/N can result in more accurate detection of chemical effluents while simultaneously reducing the time necessary to acquire this information.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Microporous membranes are suitable for the CO{sub 2}-MEA (monoethanolamine) system because the overall mass transfer coefficient K of the membrane is approximately 10 times larger than that of composite membranes consisting of microporous membranes and homogeneous membranes. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient K{center_dot} of the hollow-fiber contact is more than 5 times larger than that of a conventional packed bed, which suggests that adorption using the present method has the advantage of making the absorption more compact. 8 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.

Science.gov (United States)

... 3122.01A, Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) Volume I, Planning Policies and Procedures (Sept. 29, 2006) and CJCSM ...

Science.gov (United States)

These cutting-edge developments will be used for future government and commercial launch systems and space transportation operations. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Chiefs of Staff, Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) Volume I, Planning and Procedures, CJCSM 3122.01A (Washington, DC ...

Science.gov (United States)

... This is the case for the 82nd Airborne Division ready brigade force (DRB) and the Military Airlift Command (MAC) strategic airlift system operating ...

Science.gov (United States)

airborne separation assistance systems (ASAS) to ... operations should be limited to the outer traffic flow ...... AGARD Meeting on Machine Intelligence in Air ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In support of technology development to utilize coal for efficient, affordable, and environmentally clean power generation, the Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) located in Wilsonville, Alabama, routinely demonstrates gasification technologies using various types of coals. The PSDF is an engineering scale demonstration of key features of advanced coal-fired power systems, including a KBR (formerly Kellogg Brown & Root) Transport Gasifier, a hot gas particulate control device, advanced syngas cleanup systems, and high-pressure solids handling systems. This report summarizes the results gasification operation with Illinois Basin bituminous coal in PSDF test campaign TC17. The test campaign was completed from October 25, 2004, to November 18, 2004. System startup and initial operation was accomplished with Powder River Basin (PRB) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The design of separation devices, particularly for solvent-based selective removal of H{sub 2}S from CO{sub 2}, requires an accurate mathematical model. Unfortunately, this requirement for high accuracy is often in conflict with the need for efficient computation. The addition of more and more complicated analyses, such as a move from Henry's law to a method incorporating gas and liquid activities for computing vapor liquid equilibria, may give a more accurate solution, but only at the cost of decreased computational efficiency. The efforts in this work have been directed toward two goals. The first was to develop an accurate mathematical model for the aqueous methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) system. The steady-state packed column model developed in this work has been tested with data from Schubert (1988) to verify its accuracy. The second goal was to modify the model to improve its computational efficiency. Areas such as vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Software quality assurance (SQA) for robotic systems used in nuclear waste applications is vital to ensure that the systems operate safely and reliably and pose a minimum risk to humans and the environment. This paper describes the SQA approach for the control and data acquisition system for a robotic system being developed for remote surveillance and inspection of underground storage tanks (UST) at the Hanford Site.

Science.gov (United States)

Of the many energy-conservation options available to the design engineer, a system-management approach is recommended as one that will effect maximum benefits to the owner. Systems management includes energy-conscious consideration of design criteria, design details, installation, testing and balancing, and operation. It requires the informed participation of the design engineer, contractor, testing and balancing (TAB) engineer, and owner/operator. Within limits, almost every component of HVAC systems offers an opportunity to conserve energy. Many of these impact energy determinants such as system static pressure, system total air flow, or the quantity of outside air. A few design considerations for energy conservation in a simple system and the impact that the TAB work has on these are illustrated. Particular attention ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Power system operating conditions vary with system configurations and loading conditions. Coefficients in nominal system model change in a complex manner with different operating point and so does system dynamic behavior. With the aid of unstructured and structured uncertainty descriptions, the worst system variations can be estimated and formulated into two different uncertainty models in frequency domain; multiplicative unstructured uncertainty in the form of transfer function and structured uncertainty with the parametric uncertainty description. The uncertainty descriptions are then incorporated into system nominal model to perform H{sub {infinity}} and {mu} based robust power system stabilizer (PSS) design. Both approaches to the PSS design enable the power system to remain ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bremstrahlung Isochromat Spectroscopy (BIS). The XES spectra were collected using a Specs electron gun for the excitation and the XES 350 grating monochromator and channel plate system from Scienta as the photon detection. Spectra were collected in 'normal mode,' where the electron gun kinetic energy (KE) and the energy position of the center of the channel plate were both fixed and the energy distribution in the photon (hv) spectrum was derived from the intensities distributed across the channel plate detector in the energy dispersal direction. The polycrystalline Ce sample was oxidized by exposure to air at ambient pressures. After introduction to the ultra-high vacuum system, the oxidized sample was bombarded with Ar, to clean the topmost surface region and stabilize the surface and near surface regions. Although CeO{sub 2} would be the thermodynamically preferred composition in an oxygen rich environment, the combination ...

Science.gov (United States)

In order to maintain a safe operation and availability of generating facilities, qualitative and quantitative assessment of piping vibration was performed vibration sources and damages of piping support was identified on the second piping system of Wolsun...

Science.gov (United States)

This report presents a summary of highlights of the year 1978. It then discusses: Research and development in numerical analysis and prediction systems; Techniques, development and application of new products; Analysis-forecast systems in operation use du...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report summarizes studies of ground, cable, and aerial logging systems in the Northern Rockies over a 15-year period. It provides nomographs and tables for calculating productivity and a system for comparing energy requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

The present study attempts to use hydrogen peroxide solution to humidify Ca(OH)(2) particles to enhance the absorption of SO(2) to achieve higher removal efficiency and to solve the valuable reuse of the reaction product in the semidry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process. Experiments were carried out to examine the effect of various operating parameters including hydrogen peroxide solution concentration, Ca/S molar ratio and approach to adiabatic saturation temperature on SO(2) removal efficiency in a laboratory scale spray reactor. The product samples were analyzed to obtain semi-quantitative measures of mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD) with reference intensity ratio (RIR) method and the morphology of the samples was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compared with spraying water to humidify Ca(OH)(2), SO(2) removal efficiency was improved significantly by spraying hydrogen peroxide solution of 1-3 wt.% to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Encouragement and incentives ar being given in many counties to the electricity industry and private sector to install, own and operate renewable energy systems. The impact of renewable energy installations connected to the grid or operating independently is an important issue concerning the technical and economic viability of harnessing these emerging energy sources. This paper brings out the need for developing and implementing a strategy for comprehensive and accurate protection and control systems for these dispersed generator installations. It appears that a combination of discrete and fuzzy logic devices on an integrated platform will be a novel technique for the protection and control schemes. This development has the potential to be cost effective and suits the requirements for operating renewable energy systems safety. (author). 2 figs., 16 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In recent years sufficient new spectra of actinides in their numerous valence states have been measured to encourage a broader scale analysis effort than was attempted in the past. Theoretical modelling in terms of effective operators has also undergone development. Well established electronic structure parameters for the trivalent actinides are being used as a basis for estimating parameters in other valence states and relationships to atomic spectra are being extended. Recent contributions to our understanding of the spectra of 4+ actinides have been particularly revealing and supportive of a developing general effort to progress beyond a preoccupation with modelling structure to consideration of the much broader area of structure-bonding relationships. We summarize here both the developments in modelling electronic structure and the interpretation of apparent trends in bonding. 60 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A kinetic study of the degradation by ozone of eight phenolic acids present in wastewaters from olive oil mills has been performed by using a competition kinetic method. The selected phenolic acids are: caffeic, p-coumaric, syringic, vanillic, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic, veratric, p-hydroxy-benzoic, and protocatechuic. The influence of the operating variables (temperature, pH, and ozone partial pressure in the gas stream) is established, and the stoichiometric ratios for the individual direct reactions between ozone and each acid are determined. Once the reaction rate constants are evaluated, they are correlated as a function of temperature and pH into kinetic expressions which are provided for every phenolic acid. The global process occurs in the fast and pseudo-first-order kinetic regime of absorption, a condition required by the competition model to be used.

Science.gov (United States)

During this reporting period the experimental apparatus was completed after substantial delays by the manufacturer. The equipment has been fully tested to familiarize the staff with its operating and safety procedures. An initial liquefaction study has begun on samples of Utah coal (60 microns or less) using 50 grams of iron-titanium alloy, 500 ml of tetralin, and 150 grams of powdered coal at 500/sup 0/F and 500 psig. Results will be available in the next quarterly report. A new researcher has been added to the project to address the hydrogen absorption of new and recycled alloy samples. 2 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tarapur Atomic Power Station Unit-4 is first 540 MWe pressurized heavy water reactor in India. It achieved criticality on 06th March 2005 and then operated at full power i.e 500 MWe. Radiation workers during the normal operation and reactor shutdown are exposed to radiation field. The control of dose rates and the collective dose of the radiation workers is most important for the best performance of the reactor. Experience gained during the operation of the 220 MWe reactors has shown that the Moderator system, primary heat transport system, annulus gas system and moderator cover gas system are the main systems contributing to the dose rate and collective dose. In order to identify the radio nuclides contributing to the radiation field, study was undertaken at TAPS Unit-4. Various samples from the Moderator, primary heat ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Apppendix B of 10 CFR Part 50 establishes quality assurance requirements for the operation of nuclear power plant safety-related structures, systems and components. This Guide describes an acceptable method for complying with these regulations with regard to overall quality assurance program requirements for the operation phase of nuclear power plants. Input to this Guide has been provided by the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A back-up system is provided for a pumping plant or a pressure reservoir system used to maintain insulating oil under pressure in high voltage submarine power cables which includes a gas driven membrane pump to insure a small outflow of oil at a rupture point in the power cable to prevent water from penetrating the cable. The proper operation of the membrane pump is insured by introducing degasified oil at the drive side of the pump during the stand-by and test modes of operation of the back-up system. 11 drawings.

Science.gov (United States)

As a result of the large limestone deposits available in Poland, the low cost of reagent acquisition for the largescale technological use and relatively well-documented processes of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies based on limestone sorbent slurry, wet scrubbing desulfurization is a method of choice in Poland for flue gas treatment in energy production facilities, including power plants and industrial systems. The efficiency of FGD using the above method depends on several technological and kinetic parameters, particularly on the pH value of the sorbent (i.e., ground limestone suspended in water). Consequently, many studies in Poland and abroad address the impact of various parameters on the pH value of the sorbent suspension, such as the average diameter of sorbent particles (related to the limestone pulverization degree), sorbent quality (in terms of pure calcium carbonate [CaCO3] content of the sorbent material), stoichiometric surfeit of CaCO3 in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fuel-injection system of the Niigata 6L 16X-AG dual-fuel engine is structured to steadily supply injected fuel during diesel-engine operation, and to distribute oil at a low rate to all the cylinders during gas-engine operation. The dual-fuel engine is started by the diesel engine operation and is changed over to gas-engine operation when the load increases. This change over is done automatically with a link mechanism. Regarding the gas-supply system, the changing pressure of supply gas is controlled by a pressure control valve which is stable and most adequate for the engine. The dual-fuel engine has the following features: (1) a high compression ratio is adopted, which reduces fuel consumption and thermal efficiently; (2) if the supply of gas decreases or stops, while continuing loaded operations, it can immediately shift to diesel ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The properties of wood plastic composites (WPC) based on Pinus Radiata D. Don impregnated with methylmethacrylate and subsequently polymerized with gamma radiation were studied. Different systems of impregnation were utilized, in order to obtain partial and shell loads. The minimum irradiation dose uses was 16 kGy. The following tests were made to the material: static bending, compression strenght parallel to grain, hardness, sheer strength, toughness, water absorption, dimensional stability and flame propagation index. To evaluate the testing, the results of the samples were separated according final density in the ranges: R_1 = 429-483 kg/m3 (without treatment); R_2 = 500-650 kg/m3 and R3 = 651-850 kg/m3. In general, the best results were obtained for samples of high density. The most important results were achieved for dimensional stability, water absorption and hardness. (Author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

There are two non-equivalent sites of yttrium in the lattice of Y_2SiO_5. Both of them may be occupied substitutionally by Er"3"+, resulting in a laser active material. We measured absorption spectra of Y_2SiO_5:Er"3"+ at several low temperatures and we studied its emission spectrum at 4.2 K following selective excitation of individual Stark components of the "4I_1_32/ to "4I_1_52/ transition by the light of a tunable colour centre laser. The results of these two experiments allow classification of the absorption and emission lines into two independent systems, thus yielding two energy level schemes 1 and 2. Moreover, simple crystal field calculations strongly suggest from which Y_2SiO_5 crystallographic site spectrum 1 arises, and from which one spectrum 2. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A mission to the surface of Venus would have high scientific value, but most electronic devices and sensors cannot operate at the 450degreeC ambient surface temperature of Venus. Power and cooling systems were analyzed for Venus surface operation. A radioisotope power and cooling system was designed to provide electrical power for a probe operating on the surface of Venus. For a mission duration of substantial length, the use of thermal mass to maintain an operable temperature range is likely impractical, and active refrigeration may be required to keep components at a temperature below ambient. Due to the high thermal convection of the high-density atmosphere, the heat rejection temperature was assumed to be at a 500degreeC radiator temperature, 50degreeC above ambient. The radioisotope S...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This manual is intended to serve several purposes. The first goal is to describe the capabilities and operation of the SMC processor package from an operator or user point of view. Secondly, the manual will describe in some detail the basic hardware elements and how they can be used effectively to implement a step motor control system. Practical information on the use, installation and checkout of the hardware set is presented in the following sections along with programming suggestions. Available related system software is described in this manual for reference and as an aid in understanding the system architecture. Section two presents an overview and operations manual of the SMC processor describing its composition and functional capabilities. Section three contains hardware descriptions in some detail for the LLL-designed hardware used in the SMC processor. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) is a 400 Mw(t), loop-type, sodium-cooled, fast neutron reactor. It is operated by the Westinghouse Hanford Company for the United States Department of Energy at Richland, Washington. The FFTF is a multipurpose test reactor used to irradiate fuels and materials for programs such as Liquid Metal Reactor (LMR) research, fusion research, space power systems, isotope production and international research. FFTF is also used for testing concepts to be used in Advanced Reactors which will be designed to maximize passive safety features and not require complex shutdown systems to assure safe shutdown and heat removal. The FFTF also provides experience in the operation and maintenance of a reactor having prototypic components and systems typical of large LMR (LMFBR) power plants. The 5 year operational performance of the FFTF reactor is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper, a neural networks (NN) based adaptive sliding mode controller (SMC) is introduced. The selection of SMC feedback gains is normally based on one operating point and thus the performance of the controller away from the design operating point is, of necessity, a compromise. The adaptive SMC is proposed to overcome the limitations imposed on the effectiveness of the SMC under different operating conditions. Neural networks are used for online prediction of the optimal SMC gains when the operating point changes. The proposed method has been applied to a power system stabilizer (PSS) of a single machine power system. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control scheme.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new surveillance system for Oil-Filled cable, which can provide continuous monitoring, using a newly developed optical gas sensor that can detect the concentration of the gas dissolved in the oil with extremely high sensitivity has been developed. It was proved that the degree of deterioration of the insulating oil can be detected by measuring C{sub 2}H{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} by investigating the relation between the degree of deterioration and amount of combustible gas generated. In order to detect extremely small amounts of gas, a new gas detecting method using absorption line of the gas using a frequency modulated technique has been developed. The gas detection ability was also confirmed by examination using a 66 kV of cable and the possibility of detection at an early stage is expected.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plant Assessment Technology (PAT) group, in association with Intelligent System (IS) Group and Engineering Services Department of Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT) has developed gamma scanning facilities for on-line investigation of industrial process columns and vessels. The technology, based on the principle of gamma-ray absorption, has been successfully applied for troubleshooting of a number of distillation columns and process vessels in petroleum refineries, gas processing plants and chemical plants in the country and the region. This paper outlines basic characteristics of the system and describes the inspection procedures, and in addition, case studies are also presented. The case studies are purposely chosen to illustrate the versatility of the technology, and furthermore to demonstrate the economic benefits which can be realised from the application of this technology. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A tissue-equivalent dosimetry system has been developed for use in absorbed dose determinations with physical models of Reference Man. The dosimeter used was a thermo-luminescent dosimeter (TLD) powder which was mixed with a 'tissue-equivalent' material and modeled to closely approximate an organ's geometry and absorption properties. A separation procedure was developed by which the TLD powder was washed and the 'tissue-equivalent' material, a wax, was dissolved and extracted following the irradiation of the model. The procedure was tested to determine losses of powder, homogeneity of the powder's distribution throughout the wax, the effects of the separation procedure upon the powder and the statistical behavior of the procedure. The results of these tests established the feasibility of the procedure. A full-scale model of the pancreas was tested and the results supported the validity of the technique. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book brings recommendations and information on the choice and the operating of heating systems and domestic hot water production in order to better choose the house, to better use the heating and to preserve the environment. General notions on the different heating systems and their operating on the renewable energies used and the heating emitters offer advices for the purchase of a house. (A.L.B.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this work dissipativity of linear neutral distributed parameter systems has been addressed. Delay-dependent sufficient conditions for the dissipativity with respect to the infinite-dimensional version of energy supply rate (Q"1,S"1,R"1) characterized exclusively by unbounded operator Q"1 are established in terms of linear operator inequalities (LOIs). Finally, the 3-dimensional heat equation illustrates our result.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The existing Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor Neutral Beam system is proposed to be modified for long pulse operation on the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX). Day one of TPX will call for one TFTR beamline modified for 1000 second pulse lengths oriented co-directional to the plasma current. The system design will be capable of accommodating an additional co-directional and a single counter directional beamline. For the TPX conceptual design, every attempt was made to use existing Neutral Beam hardware, plant facilities, auxiliary systems, service infrastructure, and control systems. This paper describes the moderate modifications required to the power systems, the ion sources, and the beam impinged surfaces of the ion dumps, the calorimeters, the various beam scrapers, and the neutralizers. Also described are the minimal modifications required to the vacuum, ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) absorption was assessed in groups of workers at two explosives factories by measuring the urinary concentrations of dinitroaminotoluene (DNAT) metabolites. DNAT was detected in...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The possibility of gamma-absorption identification of the analyzed substance is considered. the basic provisions of the proposed method are concentrated on the example of carbohydrates and hydrocarbons. The above method is tested experimentally on polyethylenes and polystyrene

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Performance of electric vehicles (EVs) is being studied in an ongoing Site Operator Program, as part of the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Program supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). More than 200 EVs are being operated by Site Operators in various geographical and climatic regions of the United States. Cold-weather operation of EVs is of particular interest. As expected, low temperatures affect a battery`s ability to accept a charge, which decreases EV range and increases operating costs. Battery types other than lead-acid are being evaluated such as nickel-iron, gelled electrolyte lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, and sodium-sulfur. Also, improved methods of collecting EV performance data are being implemented, thermal management systems are being tested, and a prototype ultracapacitor is being tested as a possible alternative to conventional batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

The introduction of numerical control (NC) machine tools has made it possible to automate machining in series and small series production. The organization of automated production sections merged NC machine tools with automated transport systems. However, both the one and the other require the presence of an operative at the machine for low skilled operations. Industrial robots perform a number of auxiliary operations, such as equipment loading-unloading and control, changing cutting and auxiliary tools, controlling workpieces and parts, and cleaning of location surfaces. When used with a group of equipment they perform transfer operations between the machine tools. Industrial robots eliminate the need for workers to form auxiliary operations. This underscores the importance of developing robotized manufacturing centers providing for minimal human participation ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Initial design parameters and early operational results of a 50 MeV high brightness electron linear accelerator are described. The system utilizes a radio frequency electron gun operating at a frequency of 2.856 GHz and a nominal output energy of 4.5 MeV followed by two, 2#pi#/3 mode, disc loaded, traveling wave accelerating sections. The gun cathode is photo excited with short (6 psec) laser pulses giving design peak currents of a few hundred amperes. The system will be utilized to carry out infra-red FEL studies and investigation of new high gradient accelerating structures.

Science.gov (United States)

Conversion of the United States military to the International System of measurement units is in the very early stages. Little formal planning has been done to articulate the management required to complete the conversion of operational Army and Air Force units. For those operational forces tasked to provide continuous combat readiness throughout metrication, management problems associated with the conversion are particularly difficult because of the nature of these assigned missions. This is the case for the 82nd Airborne Division ready brigade force (DRB) and the Military Airlift Command (MAC) strategic airlift system operating the C-141 and C-5A aircraft.

Science.gov (United States)

This workshop covered the latest practical engineering and operational management applications and techniques that have been found to enhance operational costs, reliability, and flexibility, with topics such as establishing the optimal refrigeration design cycle and operating design points; utility management; manpower scheduling; plant control philosophy and automation; short and long term maintenance scheduling; refrigerant loss detection and control; system contamination; component reliability; and equipment technical performance issues.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The SCILS program investigates and demonstrates concepts of operation for dispersed theater forces C3. The dispersal concept would increase the number of potential targets for nuclear strike, make these targets smaller, more highly mobile and harder to find, and introduce functional redundancy. The SCILS system is a microcomputer-based approach to preserving and enhancing the effectiveness of C3 operation in a dispersed configuration. In this program, the system was implemented for testing for the 9th Infantry Division in coordination with the Army's Distributed Command and Control System. Technical highlights of the system include a distributed, replicated data base, a video map/graphics-oriented Commander's Decision Display System, a packet switched Multi-Media Network that operates with deployed ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper traces the development and progress of magnetic suspension systems and magnetic bearings in the USSR. The paper describes magnetic bearings for turbomachines, magnetic suspension systems for vibration isolation, some special measuring devices, wind tunnels, and other applications. The design, principles of operation, and dynamic characteristics of the system are presented.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper summarizes a method to evaluate the possible effects of magnetohydrodynamic-electromagnetic pulse (MHD-EMP) on power systems. This method is based on the approach adapted to study the impact of geomagnetic storms on power systems. The paper highlights the similarities and differences between the two phenomena. Also presented are areas of concern which are anticipated from MHD-EMP on the overall system operation. 12 refs., 1 fig.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An experimental plan for improving the problems of failed fuel location system in Wolsung Unit-2 reactors was established. It is not possible to make an experiment on the failed fuel monitoring nuclides in the cold laboratories because they have very short half life. Therefore, the experiments can be only carried out at the existing monitoring system under reactor operation. For that reason, an experimental plan was drawn up for installing the radiation detection system on reactor site.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chapter 2 describes the worldwide increase of primary energy consumption, which is expected in coming decades and results in possible solutions of a decentralised energy supply that is mainly based upon renewable energy carriers and the use of cogeneration systems. Chapter 3 shows the characteristics of decentralised system components that have been investigated in the frame of this research work as well as the resulting model library to depict the operational performance of the individual components and their mutual influence. A detailed dynamic simulation of a complete fuel cell system based on a steam reformer including the concept of local and superordinate control circuits is presented in chapter 4. Chapter 5 includes the integrated concepts for the intelligent and adaptable management of complex decentralised energy systems as well as a description of their implementation. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) magnet at LBL and its compensation solenoids are adiabatically stable superconducting solenoid magnets. The cryogenic system developed for the TPC magnet is discussed. This system uses forced two-phase tubular cooling with the two cryogens in the system. The liquid helium and liquid nitrogen are delivered through the cooled load by forced tubular flow. The only reservoirs of liquid cryogen exist in the control dewar (for liquid helium) and the conditioner dewar (for liquid nitrogen). The operation o these systems during virtually all phases of system operation are described. Photographs and diagrams of various system components are shown, and cryogenic system data are presented in the following sections: (1) heat leaks into the TPC coil package and the compensation ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Renewable energy systems (RES) are unique among energy supply systems because their performance and design depends entirely on the location and climatic conditions. As a result of design options, user requirements and local climatic conditions, there are enormous variations between RES. This paper describes a method how to evaluate the data on monitored renewable energy systems (RES) in such a way that the operating conditions and performance of individual components and the system as a whole can be analysed and compared. It shows how categories of similar use can be defined and recommendations for each category can be made to assist in the selection of the most suitable products. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radiological and environmental protection experience associated with the reactor cover gas processing system at the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) has been excellent. Personnel radiation exposures received from operating and maintaining the reactor cover gas processing system have been very low, the system has remained free of radioactive particulate contamination through the first seven operating cycles (cesium contamination was detected at the end of Cycle 8A), and releases of radioactivity to the environment have been very low, well below environmental standards. This report discusses these three aspects of fast reactor cover gas purification over the first eight operating cycles of the FFTF (a duration of a little more than four years, from April 1982 through July 1986).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) Operations initial training program utilizing the Operator Training Simulator (OTS). The OTS is a computer-driven system that provides real time response of essential FFTF plant functions to a control room mockup. The FFTF, a 400 Megawatt, three-loop, sodium-cooled fast test reactor will test fuels, materials and equipment for the U.S. Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Program. Construction is expected to be completed in August 1978. Initial criticality is expected in early 1979. This schedule will require FFTF control room operators to be fully qualified to operate the facility by late 1979. Because FFTF is like no other U.S. nuclear reactor, existing U.S. utility plants could not be depended on to provide highly experienced people to operate FFTF. Therefore, an Operator Training ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Four interrelated projects are underway whose purpose is to migrate the LAMPF-PSR Accelerator Complex control systems to a system with a common set of hardware and software components. Project goals address problems in performance, maintenance and growth potential. Front-end hardware, operator interface hardware and software, computer systems, network systems and data system software are being simultaneously upgraded as part of these efforts. The efforts are being coordinated to provide for a smooth and timely migration to a client-sever model-based data acquisition and control system. An increased use of the distributed intelligence at both the front-end and operator interface is a key element of the projects. 2 refs., 2 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Most pumped-storage plants have the capability to operate as synchronous condensers. As such, they can be brought on line very quickly to support system load requirements. However, one of the effects of making a rapid transition from synchronous condenser operation to turbine/governor operation is an initial reverse power flow into the machine. This reverse power flow can be very undesirable at a time when the system is calling for load support. On weak or isolated systems, this reverse power flow can lead to objectionable voltage and frequency dips in the system. With the proper utilization of a static frequency converter (SFC) and its associated controls and auxiliary switchgear systems, the reverse power flow resulting from a transition from synchronous condenser operation can be eliminated. This ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Compares methods used at CEGB (UK), EdF (France), and ENEL (Italy) for generation planning studies with particular reference to those tools (or parts of them) that perform a yearly simulation of the generating system operation. Offers a short description of the composition of the 3 generating systems for a better understanding of the different philosophies employed. Comments on the frequency of utilization of the programs and on their main differences. Suggests that since the 3 systems show a tendency towards a more similar mix in the future (e.g. the percentage of hydro power plants will decrease both in the French and in the Italian system while the nuclear and coal base units will increase; all 3 systems will include an increasing share of pumped storage plants) the discussed planning problems will probably become common to the 3 systems. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the past decades polymer membrane technology has been applied in various industries for a myriad of separation duties. They are also an important candidate for the solution of separation problems associated with the recovery of carbon dioxide in power plants. The application of membrane technology for carbon dioxide removal is discussed for two different ways of operation in present and future power plants. First, pressure driven operations are discussed, followed by a discussion of the use of membranes in absorbers. The pressure driven processes based on currently available gas separation membranes are shown to have poor separation characteristics. Further membrane development work appears to be necessary, especially in the area of temperature resistant membranes. Membrane selectivity goals are presented for present and future power plants. Membrane absorbers making use of commercially available absorption liquids ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Large capacity adjustable speed machines (ASMs) at pumped storage power station have been put into full operation and the operating characteristics of ASM have been highly evaluated from the view point of power system operation. The output power (input power) of ASM can be controlled very quickly by applying a vector control scheme to the excitation control. This quick responsive feature of ASM can make it possible to improve the stability of the neighbor sub-power system. For improvement of transient stability, the output power of ASM is reduced very quickly in order to control the acceleration of neighbor generators during and after transmission line faults. For improvement of dynamic stability, the output power of ASM is modulated in accordance with the stabilizing signals detected from the swing of generator rotor or the power flow fluctuation on the transmission line. This ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The desirable performance attributes of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) include high starting torque, high peak efficiency, broad operating range and a reasonable insensitivity to the parameters that define its operation. The theoretical performance of three variable pitch mechanisms for VAWT are compared. Cycloturbines use cam devices or gears to impose a sinusoidal pitch regime. In the mass-stabilised system, pitch is determined by the interplay of two opposing moments on the blades. These two mechanisms are compared with Aeropitch, a hypothetical pitch control system in which stabilising moments are related to the blade relative velocity. (Author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A self contained continuous power generation system as described at INTELEC 1979, was successfully commissioned and put into service in a major communications centre at Cardiff in Wales. The objective was to provide all telecommunications equipment and electrical building engineering services from a dual fuel enginegenerating plant, and to recover waste heat energy to heat or cool the building. The plant, which is fully automatic, comprises five 1300kW engines using natural gas or diesel oil, and associated waste heat boiler and chiller systems. This paper reviews the functioning of the plant during its first three years of operation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The paper deals with the exploitation of the pumped storage plants for the control of the Slovak power system. For that purpose current utilization of pumped storage plants currently in operation was analyzed from the point of view of their part in the operation control of the Slovak power system. The aim of this analysis was to exploit knowledge gained so far for the future outlook up to the year 2010, including the evaluation of the need to construct pumped storage plant Ipel with a weekly storage cycle. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article describes a hierarchical and functional model for continuous process control aid. The expertise is represented by graphs from a simple functional restructuring of the Grafcet, which is the formalism used by the designers of the command-control program. The new structure is familiar to the operator, and it is settled in an expert system. The application built on the basis of this method detects some default types which are not detected by the control-command. It proposes a diagnosis to the operator, and can explain and justify the state of the process. (authors) 9 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The densities and refractive indices of two binary systems (water + MEA and water + MDEA) and three ternary systems (water + MEA + CO{sub 2}, water + MDEA + CO{sub 2}, and water + MEA + MDEA) used for carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) capture were measured over the range of compositions of the aqueous alkanolamine(s) used for CO{sub 2} absorption at temperatures from 295 to 338 K. Experimental densities were modeled empirically, while the experimental refractive indices were modeled using well-established models from the known values of their pure-component densities and refractive indices. The density and Gladstone-Dale refractive index models were then used to obtain the compositions of unknown samples of the binary and ternary systems by simultaneous solution of the density and refractive index equations. The results from this technique have been compared with HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carbon-14 was analysed by direct absorption of carbon dioxide on the mixture of organic amine compound and scintillation cocktail then counted by low level liquid scintillation counter. This method can be applied for radiocarbon dating. In this study, the effects of carbon dioxide absorption, and counting efficiency were investigated using various commercial available cocktail. It was found that permafluor V and Ready Gel showed the highest carbon dioxide absorption whereas the Permafluor V showed the highest counting efficiency

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this report, we estimated the temperature of the pump rooms and reviewed the operability of the components under the loss of the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Condition) system. The issues relevant to the HVAC system in the PSA (Probabilistic Safety Assessment) FT (Fault Tree) model are as follows: (1) Does the loss of the HVAC system bring about a function failure of other components? (2) Can the operator take action to reduce the temperature of the room in case of a HVAC function failure? At present, we do not know whether a component will lose its function or not under the loss of the HVAC. ASME Standard describes that a recovery action can be credited if the related recovery action is included in the procedure or there are similar recovery experiences in the plant. However, there is no description about the recovery action of the HVAC in the EOP (Emergency ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

During the operation of the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF), radioactive gases, primarily xenon and krypton, will be produced which will require processing and storing. Two systems have been installed in the FFTF for handling these gases: (1) one to handle, primarily, the reactor cover gas system, and (2) a second to handle the cells and cover gas systems, other than the reactor, whose atmosphere may become contaminated. The system that processes the reactor cover gas, which is argon, is called the Radioactive Argon Processing System (RAPS). The effluent argon from RAPS will normally be sufficiently decontaminated to allow its reuse as the reactor cover gas. If the radioactive level in the RAPS becomes too high, the exhaust stream will be diverted to the Cell Atmosphere Processing System (CAPS), a system which can ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

With the practice of 10 years safe operation, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station has established and continuously improved the management system for radiation protection and optimization (ALARA) which contains 3 basic requirements: all workers are trained, all employees are engaged in totally, and work management is implemented for the whole process. At the same time, strong efforts have been made to build the 'infrastructure' as a platform for its effective operation. This article introduces the contents and characteristics of the system and basic experiences of its effective implementation. In order to implement the management system effectively, it is necessary for NPPs to strengthen the responsibility system for radiation protection and the leading role of the radiation protection personnel, especially the role of technical support and supervision during the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes EPRI`s computer based Performance, Operation and Maintenance Management System (``POMMS``) consisting of four (4) modules (``Modules``). These Modules are used to monitor, evaluate and analyze the cost effective operation of simple cycle and combined cycle gas turbine power plants. Inputs to POMMS relating to plant performance, availability and maintenance are monitored, stored in a data acquisition system and analyzed to determine their impact on performance and cost parameters. POMMS was developed by EPRI, Project Manager Fluor Daniel Power Generation Company and by the subcontractors who, together, engineered the individual POMMS Modules while working on EPRI`s Durability Surveillance of Advanced Gas Turbines Project (``Project``). The following modules are described in this paper and may be applied together or individually: Rotating Blade Temperature Measurement and Evaluation ...

CERN Document Server

In this paper we will report on the operation and the performance of the ATLAS data-flow system during the 2010 physics run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at 7 TeV. The data-flow system is responsible for reading out, formatting and conveying the event data, eventually saving the selected events into the mass storage. By the second quarter of 2010, for the first time, the system will be capable of the full event building capacity and improved data-logging throughput. We will in particular detail the tools put in place to predict and track the system working point, with the aim of optimizing the bandwidth and the computing resource sharing, and anticipate possible limits. Naturally, the LHC duty cycle, the trigger performance, and the detector configuration influence the system working point. Therefore, numerical studies of the data-flow ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Optimum plant operation can often be achieved by means of constraint control instead of model- based on-line optimization. This is because optimum operation is seldom at the top of the hill but usually at the intersection of constraints. This article describes the development of a constraint control system for a plant producing ethylbenzene (EB) by the Mobil/Badger Ethylbenzene Process. Plant optimization can be defined as the maximization of a profit function describing the economics of the plant. This function contains terms with product values, feedstock prices and operational costs. Maximization of the profit function can be obtained by varying relevant degrees of freedom in the plant, such as a column operating pressure or a reactor temperature. These degrees of freedom can be varied within the available operating margins of the plant.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An approximate solution was proposed in which a sensitivity analysis by the storage and release of heat was performed for the subject issues and in which an operating method was thereby determined for the equipment constituting the system by means of a linear programming. Accordingly, a heat storage type energy supply system for a district cooling and heating was taken up as a concrete object to be examined. This system consisted of a gas turbine generator, initial power receiving equipment, gas boiler, electric heat pump for ice heat storage, cooling tower, heat exchanger, steam absorbing refrigerating machine, ice heat storage tank, cold and warm water heat storage tank, etc. As a result of comparison between the proposed method and the resolving method, the former showed -0.92 to 2.58% in the increase in the operating cost compared with the latter. A case where the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper overviews the general features of computer program 'HEC-5, Simulation of Flood Control and Conservation Systems', with emphasis on the capabilities of the most recent release of HEC-5, Version 7.2, dated March 1991. HEC-5 can simulate the essential features and operation goals and constraints of simple or complex systems with simulation intervals ranging from minutes to one month. Single event flood analysis and period of record conservation analysis may be accomplished with the model. Flood control analysis includes balanced system operation for downstream damage centers with consideration of forecasted local flows and hydrologic routing. In addition, induced surcharge operation based on spillway gate regulation schedules can be simulated. Hydropower analysis may include run-of-river, peaking, and pumped storage plants as well as ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper proposes a method that can incorporate system contingencies into power system stabilizer (PSS) design. Selection of critical contingencies is first performed by a ranking of contingencies under a wide range of operating conditions according to a small signal stability index. A multi-objective optimization model is formulated to pursue satisfactory system damping performance under both pre-contingency and post-contingency situations. A recursive Genetic Algorithm is then presented to tune the PSS parameters so that the dynamic security criteria subject to contingencies are met under a wide range of operating conditions. Finally, an eight-machine system is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and a comparison of the proposed method with a pre-contingency tuning scheme is reported. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Council for Research in Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering Research Unit (CRA-ING) in Rome, Italy has developed an innovative short-rotation forestry (SRF) harvesting system. The system involves a 2 step operation, notably the tree felling and inter-row windrowing performed by a feller windrower equipment; and subsequent chipping performed by a harvester equipped with a pick-up device. The low moisture content of the windrowed trees at harvesting time affects their physical qualities and mechanical strength throughout the chipping operation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the moisture losses of windrowed trees, in relation to the windrow location, on field storage and weather condition. In addition, the study characterized chips quality changes during on field storage by the 2 different harvesting systems. The innovative 2-step system was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Small electrical demand supply systems, to serve small communities close to high voltage transmission lines, have been examined to delineate their technical and economic characteristics. Parameters to measure system performance were outlined. Development of the Brazilian version of the Energy Overhead Ground Wires (EOHGW) system was described. This system has been supplying electricity to Rondonia and Mato Grosso states in central and northern Brazil, Operating experiences with this system were reviewed. 4 refs., 8 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monitoring and diagnostic systems are of main importance for a safe and efficient operation of nuclear power plants. The author describes new developments with respect to vibration monitoring with a functional extension in the time domain for den secondary circuit, the development of a local system for the surveillance of rotating machines, the structure-borne sound monitoring with improvement of event analysis, esp. the loose part locating, leakage monitoring with a complete system for humidity measurement, and the development of a common platform for all monitoring and diagnostic systems, that allows an efficient access for comparison and cross references.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this project is to integrate a variety of geographic information systems capabilities and telecommunication technologies for potential use in geographic network and visualization applications. The specific technical goals of the project were to design, develop, and simulate the components of an audio/visual geographic communications system to aid future real-time monitoring, mapping and managing of transport vehicles. The system components of this feasibility study are collectively referred to as a Geographic Visualization and Communications System (GVCS). State-of-the-art techniques will be used and developed to allow both the vehicle operator and network manager to monitor the location and surrounding environment of a transport vehicle during shipment.

CERN Document Server

We provide a first-principles, perturbative derivation of the AdS5/CFT4 Y-system that has been proposed to solve the spectrum problem of N=4 SYM. The proof relies on the computation of quantum effects in the fusion of some loop operators, namely the transfer matrices. More precisely we show that the leading quantum corrections in the fusion of transfer matrices induce the correct shifts of the spectral parameter in the T-system. As intermediate steps we study UV divergences in line operators up to first order and compute the fusion of line operators up to second order for the pure spinor string in AdS5xS5. We also argue that the derivation can be easily extended to other integrable models, some of which describe string theory on AdS4, AdS3 and AdS2 spacetimes.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The heating and current drive systems are being developed to support long pulse, high #beta#, advanced tokamak fusion physics experiments in the KSTAR tokamak. The heating and current drive systems consisting of neutral beam injection (NBI), ion cyclotron waves (ICRF), lower hybrid waves (LHCD) and electron cyclotron waves (ECH/ECCD) have been designed to operate for pulse lengths up to 300 sec and to provide a range of control functions including current drive and profile control. Development of key technologies for high power, long pulse operation has been on going. Substantial progress has been made on areas such as RF launchers, ion source, and high power supplies.