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The local environment of Ca dopants in barium titanate, BaTiO_3, is investigated by Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. In conjunction with experiments, first-principles calculations by two methods are systematically made. The projector-augmented wave (PAW) method is used to optimize the local structure and obtain the formation energy. The augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method is adopted to obtain theoretical XANES spectra. A comparison between experimental and theoretical XANES spectra shows that Ca dopants are located at the Ba"2"+ sites forming Ca"2"+. Formation energy calculations of Ca doped BaTiO_3 by the PAW method also give the same results. The Ca atom in BaTiO_3 is off-centering in comparison with the Ba site in BaTiO_3. The off-centering of Ca atom is newly revealed by the combination of XANES spectroscopy and first-principles ...

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... 45 p. absorption spectroscopy errors lead lead 203 beta decay radioisotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Research and development activities are reported on absorption spectroscopy, calorimetry, electrolysis, emission spectroscopy, fluorimetry gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, liquid scintillation counting, mass spectroscopy, microscopy, radiometric analysis, and thermal analysis. A group of miscellaneous projects are also described.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This document generates a supernatant hydroxide ion depletion model based on mechanistic principles. The carbon dioxide absorption mechanistic model is developed in this report. The report also benchmarks the model against historical tank supernatant hydroxide data and vapor space carbon dioxide data. A comparison of the newly generated mechanistic model with previously applied empirical hydroxide depletion equations is also performed.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The factors determining temperature and current coefficients of lasing wavelength are investigated and discussed under monitoring CO₂-gas absorption spectra. The diffusion rate of...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... the hydroxyl group with the benzene ring. The molar extinction coefficients for the various species at their respective absorption ... Glya Recorded by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy TABLE 2 Molar Extinction Coeff...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Anaerobic reactions of Rhus vernicifera laccase and its type-2 copper-depleted derivatives with hexacyanoferrate(II) were investigated by absorption and e.s.r. spectroscopy. When native laccase was...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We fabricate a low noise erbium-doped fiber ring laser that can be continuously tuned over 102nm by insertion of the fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter (FFP-TF) in the ring cavity with a novel cavity structure and the optimal gain medium length. As an application of this fiber ring laser, we performed the absorption spectroscopy of acetylene (13C2H2) and hydrogen cyanide (H13C14N) and measure the absorption spectra of more than 50 transition lines of these gases with an excellent signal to noise ratio (SNR). The pressure broadening coefficients of four acetylene transition lines are obtained using this fiber ring laser and an external cavity laser diode.

CERN Document Server

We describe a method of determining the system parameters in non-eclipsing interacting binaries. We find that the extent to which an observer sees the shape of the Roche-lobe of the secondary star governs the amount of distortion of the absorption line profiles. The width and degree of asymmetry of the phase-resolved absorption line profiles show a characteristic shape, which depends primarily on the binary inclination and gravity darkening exponent. We show that, in principle, by obtaining high spectral and time resolution spectra of quiescent cataclysmic variables or low mass X-ray binaries in which the mass-losing star is visible, fitting the shape of absorption line profiles will allow one to determine not only the mass function of the binary, but also the binary inclination and hence the mass of the binary components.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We conducted broadband absorption measurements of atmospheric water vapor in the ground state, X {sup 1}A{sub 1} (000), from 0.4 to 2.7 THz with a pressure broadening-limited resolution of 6.2 GHz using pulsed, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). We measured a total of seventy-two absorption lines and forty-nine lines were identified as H{sub 2}{sup 16}O resonances. All the H{sub 2}{sup 16}O lines identified were confirmed by comparing their center frequencies to experimental values available in the literature.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The homogeneity of a helium dielectric barrier discharge, working at atmospheric pressure and containing oxygen as contaminant, is assessed by mapping the spatial distribution of oxygen metastable atoms in relation to the uniformity of surface properties. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is used to monitor the time evolution of the absorption coefficient corresponding to the oxygen metastable atoms on the 35S2 level, as a function of the laser absorbing path, whereas bi-dimensional Abel transform is used to obtain local information on the space distribution of the metastable atoms in the discharge. The radial distribution of the surface properties is investigated using atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Layer-by-layer formation for #pi#-conjugated azomethine multilayers bonded on substrates was investigated. The multilayers were synthesized using ethanol (EtOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) as reaction solvents. The multilayer characteristics were analyzed using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, ellipsometric thickness, and atomic force microscopy. The absorption spectra and ellipsometric thicknesses of multilayers formed using EtOH and DCM were compared. The results indicate that EtOH is more suitable than DCM for such layer-by-layer formation. In addition, bandgaps estimated from the absorption edge of multilayers were investigated. The results indicate that the bandgap decreases as the number of benzene rings contained in the molecular chain of the multilayer increases. Also, a multilayer with four benzene rings bonded on a substrate had a bandgap close to that of a polymer with a similar chemical ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The chemical state of iron contained in several kinds of bauxite, which are utilized as a raw material in the aluminum industry in Japan, were investigated by Moessbauer spectroscopy. The main compounds of iron were identified from the results, which showed variations of the Moessbauer absorption spectra with calcination and measuring temperature. Although the absorption intensities of the spectra differed significantly, major species identified were paramagnetic or superparamagnetic #alpha#-Fe_2O_3 in all of these bauxite samples. The superparamagnetic #alpha#-Fe_2O_3 was found mainly in the gibbsite-type bauxite, but not in the boehmite/gibbsite-type or the boehmite-type bauxite. The Moessbauer absorption spectra of red mud and its calcined products were also given. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this study, we use electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optical absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies to determine the various Ce environments in SrS phosphor materials and how these affect absorption and emission properties. As the Ce concentration is increased from 450 to 7500 ppm, the total EPR-active Ce"3"+ and optical absorption signals increase linearly with Ce concentration; by contrast, the PL intensity saturates at fairly low Ce concentrations (1000 ppm Ce). We suggest that the nonlinear behavior of the PL arises from the presence of nonradiative deexcitation pathways such as defects associated with Ce sites, or Ce endash Ce pairs. copyright 1996 American Institute of Physics.

CERN Document Server

The Principles of Radioactive Waste Management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Systematic analysis of the energy level schemes, ground state absorption (GSA) and covalency effects for the Ni"2"+ ion in Ca_3Sc_2Ge_3O_1_2 was performed. The recently developed first-principles approach to the analysis of the absorption spectra of impurity ions in crystals based on the discrete variational multi-electron method (DV-ME) [K. Ogasawara et al., Phys. Rev. B 64, 115413 (2001)] was used in the calculations. As a result, complete energy level schemes of Ni"2"+ and its absorption spectra at both possible crystallographic positions (distorted octahedral Sc"3"+ and tetrahedral Ge"4"+ positions) were calculated, assigned and compared with experimental data. Energies of the charge transfer (CT) transitions for both positions are estimated. Numerical contributions of all possible electron configurations into the calculated energy states were determined. By performing analysis of the molecular ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A comparative study by Eu-L/sub III/ X-ray absorption and /sup 151/Eu-Moessbauer spectroscopy is presented for the EuPd/sub 2-x/Au/sub x/ Si/sub 2/ series. Possible ways to distinguish between mixed-valent behaviour and final-state effects in the L/sub II /I-edge spectra are discussed.

Science.gov (United States)

Arsenic in soils from the Asarco Lead Smelter in East Helena, Montana was characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). As oxidation state and geochemical speciation were analyzed as a function of depth (two sampling sites) and surface distribution. These results were c...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We obtain x-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) by solving the equation of motion for the two-particle Green's function for the electron-hole pair, the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE), within the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FPLAPW). The excited states are calculated for the Li K-edge in the insulating solids LiF, Li_2O and Li_2S, and absorption spectra are compared with independent particle results using the random phase approximation (RPA), as well as supercell calculations using the core-hole approximation within density functional theory (DFT). The binding energies of strongly bound excitations are determined in the materials, and core-exciton wavefunctions are demonstrated for LiF.

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The principle of conservation and transferability of chemical bonds explains the recent discovery by extended x-ray absorption fine-structure measurements of two unequal anion-cation bond lengths R/sub A/C and R/sub B/C in A/sub x/B/sub 1-x/C zinc-blende semiconductor alloys despite the close adherence of the lattice constant to the average value (Vegard rule). This bond alternation, manifested as a structural distortion to a local chalcopyrite coordination around the anions, explains also most of the observed optical bowing in semiconductor alloys.

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Structural engineering implies four factors particularly relevant to sonics: airborne noise abatement, insulation of plumbing, by-pass insulation and noise absorption (noise abatement). These are exemplified with special regard to methodical and/or product-specific noise pollution abatement measures. Besides, reference is made to DIN standards 4109 providing both engineers with practical advice and pipe fitters or plumbers with concrete examples for application. VDI recommendations 3733 convey essential knowledge of how to properly apply sonic principles in the planning, design and installation of pipes. (BR).

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Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy has been used for the determination of the line strengths of 41 CO and CO[sub 2] absorption lines at temperatures between 295 and 1250 K. The CO vibrational-rotational lines were from the [ital P] branch of the fundamental absorption band (2150--1950 cm[sup [minus]1]) while the CO[sub 2] vibrational-rotational lines were from the far wing of the [ital R] branch of the [nu][sub 3] fundamental band (2395--2380 cm[sup [minus]1]). The intensities of the lines were measured from absorption spectra recorded in a high-temperature gas cell containing known concentrations of CO/CO[sub 2]/N[sub 2] gas mixtures at atmospheric pressure. Absorption spectra were recorded through the cell with the use of a moderate-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The absorption spectra were ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The treatment of peat with the solutions of phosphoric, citric, and oxalic acids in concentrations of 10???4 and 10???2 mol/l at solid phase to liquid ratios of 1: 2.5 and 1: 5 increased the absorption of ammonia by 6.4???39.7%. The absorption of ammonia was higher than the concentration of doping ion-exchange groups by a factor of 5???2000. With the use of EPR and IR spectroscopy, it was found that this phenomenon was caused by the transformation of polyconjugation systems as a result of the interaction of acids with the organic matrix of peat by a macrocoordination mechanism, which also improved the technological characteristics of the resulting sorbents. The absence of the destruction of organic matter with the use of low concentrations of weak acids makes it possible to use these sorbe...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Fe-doped TiO2 hollow spheres (Fe-THs) were synthesized by sol?gel process using carbon spheres as templates. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV?vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS), N2 adsorption?desorption isotherms, Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and Photoluminescence emission spectroscopy (PL). UV?vis spectra showed that Fe3+ doping could extend the absorption edge to the visible region. EPR spectra showed that Fe3+ was incorporated into the crystal lattice of TiO2, which could inhibit the recombination of photo-induced electron?hole pairs and improve the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples were evaluated for the degradation of dye Reactive Brillia...

Science.gov (United States)

For the efficient operation of a cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) system utilized with a continuous-wave (cw) laser, we numerically analyze the coupling efficiency of a cw laser to a ringdown cavity in terms of changes in the scanning rate, the laser linewidth, and the mirror reflectivity. We also demonstrate a new simple design for a CRDS system that can produce a CRDS signal with only a piezoelectric transducer (PZT), without the acousto-optic modulator that is usually adopted to switch off the cw laser beam that enters the cavity. Furthermore, we investigate the feasibility of the cw CRDS technique with a fast-scanning PZT by recording a CRDS spectrum of acetylene overtones. The detection sensitivity that corresponds to the noise-equivalent absorption is found to be approximately 3 x 10(-9)/cm. PMID:18305817

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Free Electron Laser (FEL) with the wide wavelength tunability has been developed and used for various applications. The FEL gives high efficiency for the photo-induced ablation when the laser is tuned to an absorption maximum of the target. The FEL was tuned to 9.4 #mu#m, which is an absorption maximum of phosphoric acid ion, a known major component of dentine. The FEL pulse length was several ps. The average output power was varied from 5 to 20 mW by filters. The change of irradiated dentine surface was analyzed by mass spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Positive ions which correspond to Na"+, CO_3"+ and many phosphoric acid ions were measured. It was found that atomic ratio of P/Ca had reduced from 0.65-0.60. The atomic ratio of P/Ca, however had not changed with irradiation by Er:YAG laser (2.9 #mu#m), or CO_2 laser (10.6 #mu#m). These results indicate the selective ablation ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research highlights: {yields} The polarization curve of 316L SS possesses five turning potentials in passive region. {yields} Films formed at turning potentials perform different electrochemical and semiconductor properties. {yields} Dissolutions and regenerations of passive film at turning potentials are obtained by AAS and XPS. {yields} Turning potentials appearing in passive region are ascribed to the changes of the compositions of the passive films. - Abstract: The passivity of 316L stainless steel in borate buffer solution has been investigated by Mott-Schottky, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that the polarization curve in the passive region possesses several turning potentials (0 V{sub SCE}, 0.2 V{sub SCE}, 0.4 V{sub SCE}, 0.6 V{sub SCE} and 0.85 V{sub SCE}). The passive films formed at turning potentials perform different electrochemical and semiconductor properties. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have synthesized ozone by irradiating thin solid films of oxygen and oxygen-water mixtures with 100 keV protons, motivated by recent reports of condensed O_3 on icy satellites in the outer Solar system. We measured the depth of the Hartley absorption band in the ultraviolet by reflectance spectroscopy and used it to quantify the column density of ozone. We analyzed the results using a three-component (O, O_2 and O_3) model that successfully explains the fluence dependence of ozone production.

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This paper presents fundamental researches based on the electronic structure calculations and X absorption spectroscopy, allowing the knowledge on nuclear fuels at an atomic scale. They bring a better understanding of these material behavior to accurate the macroscopic simulation. The calculation methods, the experimental techniques of validation and the ab initio calculations results are detailed. (A.L.B.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plant Assessment Technology (PAT) group, in association with Intelligent System (IS) Group and Engineering Services Department of Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT) has developed gamma scanning facilities for on-line investigation of industrial process columns and vessels. The technology, based on the principle of gamma-ray absorption, has been successfully applied for troubleshooting of a number of distillation columns and process vessels in petroleum refineries, gas processing plants and chemical plants in the country and the region. This paper outlines basic characteristics of the system and describes the inspection procedures, and in addition, case studies are also presented. The case studies are purposely chosen to illustrate the versatility of the technology, and furthermore to demonstrate the economic benefits which can be realised from the application of this technology. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Topographic and optical patterns have been fabricated in a-SiC films with a focused high-energy (1 MeV) H"+ and He"+ ion beam and examined with near-field techniques. The patterns have been characterized with atomic force microscopy and scanning near-field optical microscopy to reveal local topography and optical absorption changes as a result of the focused high-energy ion beam induced modification. Apart of a considerable thickness change (thinning tendency), which has been observed in the ion-irradiated areas, the near-field measurements confirm increases of optical absorption in these areas. Although the size of the fabricated optical patterns is in the micron-scale, the present development of the technique allows in principle writing optical patterns up to the nanoscale (several tens of nanometers). The observed values of the optical contrast modulation are sufficient to justify the efficiency of the method for optical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Systematic analysis of the energy level schemes, ground state absorption (GSA) and covalency effects for the Ni{sup 2+} ion in Ca{sub 3}Sc{sub 2}Ge{sub 3}O{sub 12} was performed. The recently developed first-principles approach to the analysis of the absorption spectra of impurity ions in crystals based on the discrete variational multi-electron method (DV-ME) [K. Ogasawara et al., Phys. Rev. B 64, 115413 (2001)] was used in the calculations. As a result, complete energy level schemes of Ni{sup 2+} and its absorption spectra at both possible crystallographic positions (distorted octahedral Sc{sup 3+} and tetrahedral Ge{sup 4+} positions) were calculated, assigned and compared with experimental data. Energies of the charge transfer (CT) transitions for both positions are estimated. Numerical contributions of all possible electron configurations into the calculated energy states were determined. By ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new technique for ion implantation into concave surface of insulating materials is proposed and experimentally studied. The principle is roughly described by referring to modifying inner surface of a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottle. An electrode that is supplied with positive high-voltage pulses is inserted into the bottle. Both plasma formation and ion implantation are simultaneously realized by the same high-voltage pulses. Ion sheath with a certain thickness that depends on plasma parameters is formed just on the inner surface of the bottle. Since the plasma potential is very close to that of the electrode, ions from the plasma are accelerated in the sheath and implanted perpendicularly into the bottle's inner surface. Laser Raman spectroscopy shows that the inner surface of an ion-implanted PET bottle is modified into DLC (diamond-like carbon). Gas permeation measurement shows that gas-barrier property enhances due to the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: Institute for Nuclear Research, Pitesti-Mioveni, Romania in direct cooperation with the National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, Bucharest studied and prepared for coating more than 1000 tiles made of Inconel with 7-9 #mu#m of beryllium for nuclear fusion applications at JET, Culham, UK. The principles of manufacturing processes using thermal evaporation and plasma ignited in pure metal vapors as well as by Thermionic Vacuum Arc (TVA) method and the properties of the Ni and Be coatings are presented. The prepared beryllium layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This work concerns the development of nuclear energy and nuclear waste management in particular. Two parts of this study can be distinguished. In the first part (theoretical), a thorium-plutonium fuel based on MOX and dedicated for PWR was investigated in order to transmute plutonium in a potentially low waste fuel cycle. It was shown that this type of fuel is not regenerative but could be used for a transition to the industrial thorium fuel cycle without building new reactors. Thanks to moderated neutron spectra and high loaded actinide mass in the core, U-233 is quickly created ({approx}300 kg/y) for a loss of about {approx}1200 kg of fissile plutonium. In the second part (experimental), we have developed and built a new reaction chamber to measure neutron cross sections of actinides by alpha-gamma spectroscopy. This experimental device (in principle transportable) was commissioned in the high flux reactor of ILL Grenoble. Neutron flux was ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vanadium(V) in aqueous HCl, HNO_3 or H_2SO_4 solutions is extracted with 2-carbethoxy-5-hydroxy-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone (HA) dissolved in CHCl_3 and determined spectrophotometrically, Depending on the composition of the aqueous phase, two complexes are formed. At pH 1 (HCl, HNO_3, H_2SO_4) VO_2A(HA)_2 is formed with maximal absorption at 478 nm. However, from 4-5 M HCl, VO_2Cl(HA)_3 is extracted, and has maximal absorption at 615 nm. The same complex is extracted from 2-3 M HNO_3 or 3-4 M H_2SO_4 if enough chloride is added. Solutions of both complexes follow Beer's law and the molar extinction coefficients are 4.15x10"3 1.mole"-"1cm"-"1 at 478 nm and 5.10x10"3 at 615 nm. The determination of vanadium at both wavelengths is very simple, fast and selective. The composition of the complexes was established by the usual methods as well as by characterization of the isolated crystalline compounds by elemental analysis and infrared ...

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The authors report that the replacement of Leu-93 in bacteriorhodopsin by Ala (L93A) or Thr (L93T) slows down the photocycle by approximately 100-fold relative to wild-type bacteriorhodopsin. Time-resolved visible absorption spectroscopy and resonance Raman experiments, respectively, show the presence of long-lived O-like and N-like intermediates in the photocycles of the above mutants. We infer the existence of an equilibrium between the N and O intermediates in the photocycles of these mutants. The L93A and L93T mutants exhibit normal proton pumping under continuous illumination, suggesting that the decay of the N and/or O intermediate, and consequently, proton translocation, can be accelerated by the absorption of a second photon. Since the 13-cis----all-trans reisomerization of retinal is completed during the decay of the N and O intermediates, they conclude that the interaction of Leu-93 with retinal is important in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The industrial standard process for the purification of natural gas is to remove acid gases, mainly hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, by the absorption and reaction of these gases with alkanolamines. The natural gas industry requires vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data to develop more energy efficient amine mixtures. Some energy reductions have been realized in the past decade by applying such amine systems as hindered amines, methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and MDEA based amine mixtures. However, the lack of reliable and accurate VLE data impedes the commercial application of these more efficient alkanolamine systems. The first objective of this project is to improve the accuracy of vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements at low hydrogen sulfide concentrations. The second objective is to make VLE measurements for amine mixtures. By improving the accuracy of the VLE data on MDEA and other amines, energy savings can be implemented in the many existing ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The industrial standard process for the purification of natural gas is to remove acid gases, mainly hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, by the absorption and reaction of these gases with alkanolamines. Inadequate data for vapor -- liquid equilibrium (VLE) hinder the industry from converting operations to more energy efficient amine mixtures and conserving energy. Some energy reductions have been realized in the past decade by applying such amine systems as hindered'' amines, methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and MDEA based amine mixtures. However, the lack of reliable and accurate fundamental VLE data impedes the commercial application of these more efficient alkanolamine systems. The first project objective is to improve the accuracy of vapor -- liquid equilibrium measurements at low hydrogen sulfide concentrations. The second project objective is to measure the VLE for amine mixtures. By improving the accuracy of the VLE measurements on MDEA and ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A novel difunctional acylhydrazone has been synthesized by the reaction of 5-methylisoxazole-4-carboyl hydrazine with benzaldehyde and characterized by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopy. The obtained results demonstrate the crystal belongs to triclinic, space group Formula Not Shown . Moreover, the spectroscopic properties were evaluated through density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD DFT) calculations. The results reveal that UV-Vis absorption peaks at 194, 217.5 and 290.5nm are mainly attributed to (p, p)p*, partly (p, p)p* and partly pp*, and predominantly pp*, respectively, with intraligand charge-transfer transition (ILCT) character. The fluorescence emission peak at 485.96nm should be assigned to ILCT. In addition, the results of antibact...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Singlet-singlet and triplet-triplet absorption spectra of a series of methyl-alloxazines were calculated using the time-dependent density-functional theory approach and compared to experimental results. The B3LYP functional provides good correlation between experimental and theoretical results, given that solvent effects are disregarded in the present calculations. Substituent and solvent dependences of the lowest, closely spaced, n,{pi}* and {pi},{pi}* excited state energies are discussed, their order being of consequence in determining the non-radiative decay rates and thus emission quantum yields and lifetimes. The high quantum yields of singlet oxygen formation indicate that the triplet state is formed by efficient intersystem crossing from the first singlet excited state.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

By methods of vibrational (infrared, Raman) and PMR spectroscopy, crystallohydrate forms of monosubstituted uranyl orthophosphate have been examined. The vibrational frequencies of the groupings from the compounds were identified. The existence of non-equivalent H_2PO_4"--groups in the substances under investigation was ascertained. It has been suggested that one of them is a bridged group, and the other is the end group. A fragment of the VO_2(H_2PO_4)_2 hydrate structure is given, its main constituents being uranylphosphate chains. The analysis of water vibrations assumes coordination of one mole of H_2O in VO_2(H_2PO_4)_2:3H_2O to uranium, while two other molecules are only hydrogen-bonded with phosphate anions. Absorption within the region of 2100-2550 cm"-"1 is assigned to vibrations of O...H...O groupings.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Experimentally, a feasibility study for adsorption and catalytic pyrolysis of spill oils on Cu/ZSM-5 for recycling of light oils has been conducted in the present work. The adsorption and pyrolysis of model compounds such as heptane, toluene, and diesel (to stimulate the spill oils) on Cu/ZSM-5 have been investigated on a continuous fixed-bed reactor. By component fitted X-ray absorption near edge structural (XANES) spectroscopy, catalytic active species such as metallic copper (Cu) (77-84%) and Cu2O (6-7%) are found in the channels of ZSM-5 during pyrolysis of heptane or toluene. Pyrolysis of diesel effected by Cu/ZSM-5 yields gas (C1-C5) (32%) and light oil (68%) that can be used as auxiliary fuels.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

LaPO4 single crystals lightly doped with Er3+, and codoped with Er3+ and Yb3+ have been grown by spontaneous nucleation in a lead phosphate flux. Absorption and luminescence spectra have been measured in the visible and near-IR regions and the excited state dynamics has been studied upon pulsed laser excitation. The obtained results have allowed the evaluation of the effective emission cross-sections around 1.5 ?m, that have been found to be similar to important oxide laser crystals doped with Er3+. Efficient visible upconversion has been observed upon excitation at 980 nm in the codoped crystals. This behaviour is attributed to Yb3+-Er3+ energy transfer processes.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We described the use of silica nanoparticles as building blocks for the immobilization of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) reagent Ru(bpy){sub 3}{sup 2+} and the fabrication of layer-by-layer assembly film by alternating the deposition of the Ru(bpy){sub 3}{sup 2+}-doped silica nanoparticles and Au nanoparticles. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry and ECL were used to characterize the uniform growth of the multilayer film. Since Ru(bpy){sub 3}{sup 2+} could still maintain its ECL property when doped into the silica nanoparticles, the as-prepared multilayer film could be used as an effective ECL sensor, and the sensor showed high sensitivity and good stability.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We described the use of silica nanoparticles as building blocks for the immobilization of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) reagent Ru(bpy)32+ and the fabrication of layer-by-layer assembly film by alternating the deposition of the Ru(bpy)32+-doped silica nanoparticles and Au nanoparticles. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry and ECL were used to characterize the uniform growth of the multilayer film. Since Ru(bpy)32+ could still maintain its ECL property when doped into the silica nanoparticles, the as-prepared multilayer film could be used as an effective ECL sensor, and the sensor showed high sensitivity and good stability.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper discusses the results of the absorption-line spectroscopy carried out with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on the prototypical Sa galaxy NGC 4594 (the Sombrero galaxy). Two conclusions were derived concerning this galaxy. First, at the values of r less than 10 arcsec, there is a well-defined nuclear disk of stars which is not obviously connected to the main disk at larger radii. Second, the mass-to-light ratio, M/L(V), of the galaxy rises abruptly at r values less than 1 arcsec to values of M/L(V) greater than 50, which is at least 10 times as large as the mass-to-light ratios at r values above 2 arcsec. This implies the presence of a central dark mass of a magnitude between 10 to the 8.5th and 10 to the 9.5th solar masses. 54 references.

Science.gov (United States)

Using Pd and Ag L3,2-edge x-ray-absorption near edge structures (XANES) and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, we have investigated the charge distribution in a series of Pd-Ag alloys (Pd3Ag, PdAg, and PdAg3) from a local perspective. It is found that, relative to the pure element, both Pd and Ag gain d and lose non-d (s and p) charge upon alloying. The results are discussed in terms of band filling, rehybridization, electronegativity, and electroneutrality considerations. The possibility of using the L3,2-edge XANES white line to circumvent the need of an appropriate volume for charge transfer discussions and for other applications are noted.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Two inactive tracer techniques for determination of the decontamination factor (DF) of evaporation plants for radioactive waste water are described. One method was used for determination of the DF of an one stage pilot plant. The elements Mg, Cd and Co were employed as tracers. The analyses were performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The measurements being fast and simple are especially advantageous with test series in pilot plants. In the second method activation analysis was used for measurement of the tracer to determine the DF of a two stage evaporation plant. Europium is added to the stock solution in a concentration of 70 ppm only. With this method a DF of up to 3 . 10"8 can still be determined. (Auth.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A novel single-step synthetic method for the preparation of anatase N-doped TiO"2 nanocrystalline at low temperature has been devoleped. The N-doped anatase TiO"2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sonication of the solution of tetraisopropyl titanium and urea in water and isopropyl alcohol at 80^oC for 150min. The as-prepared sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectrum. The product structure depends on the reaction temperature and reaction time. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared photocatalyst was evaluated via the photodegradation of an azo dye direct sky blue 5B. The results show that the N-doped TiO"2 nanocrystalline prepared via sonication exhibit an excellent photocatalytic...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Step-scan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with impulse stress on polymer films has been used to monitor dynamic rheological responses in real time. A novel piezo-electrically-driven polymer microrheometer was employed to apply repetitive impulses to the polymer sample while time-domain spectra were recorded. Recent results include the study of both semi-crystalline polymers such as isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and elastomers such as Estane polyester/polyurethane copolymer and Kraton tri-block copolymer. The spectral changes of iPP are consistent with frequency-domain results. For iPP at room temperature, large differences in the response times of different absorption bands are not seen. However, the orientation response of the CH{sub 3} rocking mode is slightly slower than the responses of the backbone modes. To the authors` knowledge, this is the first reported successful step-scan FTIR time-domain dynamic polymer ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Site-selective spectroscopy fluorescence experiments (emission and excitation) in the near-infrared region associated with the "4I_1_5_/_2_4I_1_1_/_2 transitions of Er"3"+ ions have been successfully used to show the presence of two different Er"3"+ centres in the Bi_1_2SiO_2_0 piezoelectric crystal. Green (545-570 nm), red (650-690 nm) and near-infrared (850-890 nm) up-converted emissions have been observed and resolved for each type of centre under excitation up to the "4_I_1_1_/_2 state. The Stark energy level schemes of the three lower energy states of Er"3"+ ions have been determined and compared for both centres, showing two quite different crystalline field environments. The mechanisms responsible for the up-conversion process (excited state absorption and/or energy transfer up-conversion) are also analysed. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A Tm{sup 3+}- Ho{sup 3+} -codoped single crystal of monoclinic BaY{sub 2}F{sub 8} has been characterized by means of high resolution FTIR spectroscopy in the wave number range 2000-24000 cm{sup -1} and in the temperature range 9-300 K. The energy level schemes of the two lanthanide ions as determined by the optical absorption spectra is presented, analyzed, and fitted within a single ion Hamiltonian model. The very small energy separation (about 0.6-1.6 cm{sup -1}) measured between the first and second sublevels of the ground state manifolds for both the ions is in line with the theoretical predictions. The impurity-phonon coupling is put into evidence by the thermally induced line shift and broadening, and by the detection of vibronic replicas of a few lines. (copyright 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The fundamental optical properties of dysprosium (Dy) doped strontium sulfide bulk samples for various dopant concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0 at.% were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), room temperature photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Investigations by electron paramagnetic resonance yielded the state of Dy in the sample as Dy3+. An additional ESR line due to F+ center was observed. The PL emission spectrum consisted of several intense lines and a number of weaker ones which were identified as transitions between energy levels of Dy3+. The optimum doping concentration for maximum intensity was found to be 0.25 at.%. Blue shift of the absorption edge energy and red shift of the PLE spectrum were observed with increasing doping concentration. The former is due to Burstein-Moss (BM) effect and the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crystal field calculation and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) have been performed on zircon-type materials Nd:YMO_4 (M=V, As, P). Simulation of the energy level schemes has been carried out and the wave functions composition and g tensor principal values associated to the first sub-level of the "4I_9_/_2 manifold were calculated. A rather good correlation is obtained between crystal field calculations and the EPR measurements. Furthermore, some extra lines observed by optical spectroscopy (absorption and emission) also appear on the EPR spectra and a correlation between the two spectroscopies indicates that Nd"3"+-Nd"3"+ exchange and dipolar interactions occur in the zircon family, even at very low doping content (less than 8 x 10"1"9 Nd"3"+ ions cm"-"3). Nd"3"+-Nd"3"+ pairs at distances 3.9, 5.9 and 6.3 A have been identified. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This work reports studies of ethanol oxidation on Pt-Sn/C catalysts with nearly the same particle size and identical overall composition having different amounts of oxide and alloyed phases. Results of characterization of physical properties by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and in situ dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (DXAS) are presented. The variation in the amount of oxide and alloyed phases, promoted by heat treatments in mild temperature conditions, does not produce any significant particle growth. Cyclic voltammetry and oxidation of adsorbed CO in acid medium are used to probe the surface conditions. Data on the electrocatalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation, obtained by potential sweeps and chronoamperometry, are discussed and correlate well with the physical properties. This study, carried ...

CERN Document Server

Statistical modelling for social researchers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis contains the candidate's original work on excitonic structure and energy transfer dynamics of two bacterial antenna complexes as studied using spectral hole-burning spectroscopy. The general introduction is divided into two chapters (1 and 2). Chapter 1 provides background material on photosynthesis and bacterial antenna complexes with emphasis on the two bacterial antenna systems related to the thesis research. Chapter 2 reviews the underlying principles and mechanism of persistent nonphotochemical hole-burning (NPHB) spectroscopy. Relevant energy transfer theories are also discussed. Chapters 3 and 4 are papers by the candidate that have been published. Chapter 3 describes the application of NPHB spectroscopy to the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex from the green sulfur bacterium Prosthecochloris aestuarii; emphasis is on determination of the low energy vibrational structure ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper discusses spectral change in brown coal and bituminous coal as a result of low-temperature drying. The experiment used a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy disposed with an in-situ diffuse reflector as a water content measuring method. The FT-IR spectra of coal showed the existence of two types of adsorbed water. One of the two spectral peaks was thought to have been caused by isolated water molecules which may have been hydrogen bonded to hydrocarbon in the coal molecules and weakly bound. The other peak was thought to have been caused by water which may have been hydrogen bonded to functional groups such as hydroxyl groups in the coal molecules and strongly bound. Drying behavior in brown coal and bituminous coal showed the absorption peak at 3640 cm[sup -1] reducing faster than the absorption peak at 3360cm[sup -1]. Depressurized drying was found to be more effective than flowing nitrogen gas. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to judge the potential fluorescent lamp applications of various low-pressure positive column discharges it is necessary to measure the absolute power emitted in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. For rare-gas discharges the principle emission occurs in the vacuum ultraviolet so that it is difficult to measure the radiant emittance (power per unit area) of the resonance radiation by standard methods. Two independent techniques are discussed for measuring the radiant emittance of positive column discharges in the vacuum ultraviolet. These techniques are used to study xenon positive column discharges at the resonance wavelength of 147 nm. The first method relies on the measurement of the resonance level density by absorption techniques. The effective decay rate of the resonance level is then determined by the simulation of resonance radiation transport. These two quantities are combined to yield the radiant emittance at 147 nm ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The further development of a Guideline (formerly Protocol) for sampling and analysis of 'tars' from biomass producer gases is reported. This Guideline is being developed as a project within the European Fifth Framework Programme with additional partners from Switzerland and North-America. In this paper an outline and the principle of the Guideline are given. The Guideline is based on isokinetic sampling of particles and 'tar' from the main producer gas duct, particle filtration at high temperature, gas cooling in a liquid quench, 'tar' absorption in a solvent at low temperatures, an optional backup adsorber, and flow measurement and control. The Guideline gives a definition for 'Gravimetric tar' which is the 'tar' number to be determined by the Guideline. Also, the Guideline gives procedures for compound analysis by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

several authors tried to drive codes to construct nuclear level scheme of nuclei using a set of measured gamma -ray transitions and known energy levels, Ritz combination principle proved to be useful in constructing a more complete decay scheme. In this thesis the energy level schemes of some nuclei have been investigated by the measurements of the gamma - ray energies and use of Ritz combination code. The nuclei under investigation are "110m Ag (253 d)"110 Cd and "166m Ho (1200 yr) "166 E r. On the basis of the suggested level at 2249.02 keV by the Ritz code new positions of the two gamma-ray transitions at 677.5 and 706.6 KeV are found in decay scheme of "110m Ag. Also by this code, new position for the 994.84 KeV gamma-ray transition were established to depopulate the level at 1075.2 KeV.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We studied the effects of co-doping with Li and Al on the energy gaps of MgB2 by performing point-contact Andreev-reflection spectroscopy (PCAR) in polycrystalline Mg1-x(Al?Li1-?)xB2 samples with x?0.4. Even though the lattice parameters and the critical temperature of the compound simply scale with the effective Al content ?x, irrespective of the Li concentration, the energy gaps do not. In particular, for a given effective Al content, the comparison with Mg1-y(Al)yB2 with y = ?x shows that the ? bandgap is practically the same while the ? bandgap is higher. A clear gap merging is observed in the most doped sample (x = 0.4) when Tc<20 K. The results are discussed within the two-band Eliashberg theory and compared to the outcomes of first-principles calculations of the effects of Li and Al co-doping on the electronic structure of magnesium diboride.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... biological effects body burden diet intestinal absorption lead lead 203 man

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The gastrointestinal absorption of lead was markedly increased in human subjects who had fasted before ingesting lead. Food in the gut was found to reduce lead absorption, and the effect of dietary constituents on /sup 203/Pb absorption was investigated. The greatest reduction in absorption was caused by minerals. This dependence of lead absorption on dietary constituents complicates the establishment of safe levels of lead in food and water.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on various metal, semiconductor or insulator substrates can be easily modified with specific functional groups of interest and have promising applications in surface wetting (hydrophobic/hydrophilic modification), tribology, corrosion protection, sensor electrodes modification, molecular and biomolecular recognition, protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and molecular- or organic-electronic device fabrications. In this paper, we highlight recent progress in the development of SAMs on solid substrates as well as their practical applications, with particular emphasis on the characterization of self-assembled aromatic thiol monolayers with different functional groups on Au(1 1 1) using synchrotron-based photoemission spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements. The SAM-related molecular orientation, electronic structures, and chemical bonding are presented. Using copper(II) phthalocyanine ...

CERN Document Server

The stellar disc kinematics in a sample of fifteen intermediate- to late-type edge-on spiral galaxies are studied using a dynamical modeling technique. The sample covers a substantial range in maximum rotation velocity and deprojected face-on surface brightness and contains seven spirals with either a boxy- or peanut-shaped bulge. Dynamical models of the stellar discs are constructed using the disc structure from $I$-band surface photometry and rotation curves observed in the gas. The differences in the line-of-sight stellar kinematics between the models and absorption line spectroscopy are minimized using a least-squares approach. The modeling constrains the disc surface density and stellar radial velocity dispersion at a fiducial radius through the free parameter $\\sqrt{M/L}$ $(\\sigma_{\\rm z}/\\sigma_{\\rm R})^{-1}$, where $\\sigma_{\\rm z}/\\sigma_{\\rm R}$ is the ratio of vertical and radial velocity dispersion and $M/L$ the disc ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silver silica nanocomposites were obtained by the sol-gel technique using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and silver nitrate (AgNO{sub 3}) as precursors. The silver nitrate concentration was varied for obtaining composites with different nanoparticle sizes. The structural and microstructural properties were determined by x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies were done for determining the chemical states of silver in the silica matrix. For the lowest AgNO{sub 3} concentration, monodispersed and spherical Ag crystallites, with an average diameter of 5 nm, were obtained. Grain growth and an increase in size distribution was observed for higher concentrations. The occurrence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands and their evolution in the size range 5-10 nm is studied. For decreasing nanoparticle size, a redshift and broadening of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Yb"3"+-doped non-linear rare-earth calcium oxoborate crystals GdCa_4O (BO_3)_3 (GdCOB) and YCa_4O(BO_3)_3 (YCOB) were investigated by low-temperature absorption and selective excitation spectroscopy. The selective excitation and emission spectra revealed the spectral features of the main Yb"3"+ centre and the principal minority one in both crystals. The energy level schemes for these centres in both hosts, as well as structural assignments, were proposed. It was established that the minority centre, which represents about 10% of the total intensity and was assigned to Yb"3"+ in a Ca"2"+ site, is not a trap but an energy donor for the main centre. Common features of and differences between the vibronic structure of the two centres in GdCOB and YCOB are discussed. The existence of additional features in YCOB:Yb spectra is pointed out. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crystalline MnMoO{sub 4} was synthesized using a conventional solid reaction method and investigated for its physical and electrochemical properties as an anode material for Li secondary battery. The reversible amount of Li insertion/removal of MnMoO{sub 4} anode during the first cycle was about 800 mA h/g, accompanied by irreversible structural transformation into amorphous material. The amorphization during the first Li insertion was investigated by structural analysis using XRD of electrode. The charge compensation during Li insertion/removal was examined by measurement of X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Despite its irreversible structural transformation to amorphous during the first lithiation, subsequent cycles showed a reasonable cyclability. This paper presents the electrochemical properties of MnMoO{sub 4} and discusses the mechanism underlying the Li insertion/removal process.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The CaWO_4:Ln"3"+ SiO_2 (Ln=Tb, Dy and Ho) nanoparticles were synthesized via a combustion process at 800 "oC, using citric acid as chelating agent and fuel, ammonium nitrate as fuel, boric acid as flux material and silica as supports. The persistent phosphor nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), reflectance UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy (PL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. XRD patterns indicated that crystalline calcium tungstate with scheelite structure was produced. The reflectance UV-vis spectra showed the broad absorption band of WO_4"2"- groups and the PL spectra showed the WO_4"2"- wide excitation band, broad emission band of WO_4"2"- and characteristic emissions of Ln"3"+ ions. The average particle sizes were determined by TEM, which are about 50 nm.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A brief comparative review of possible mercury free fluorescent lighting technologies is presented, including rare-gas positive column discharges, molecular discharges, and dielectric barrier discharges. Detailed experimental results on xenon positive column discharges will then be considered. In order to judge whether xenon-based discharges are a viable UV source it is necessary to measure the radiant emittance (power per unit area) for the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) resonance xenon emission at 147 nm. Two techniques to determine the VUV radiant emittance have been developed and applied to xenon discharges. One method combines the measured resonance level density using absorption spectroscopy and a calculation of the trapped decay rate for the resonance radiation to arrive at the radiant emittance at 147 nm. A second method utilizes a direct measurement of the radiance (power per unit area per unit solid angle) at 147 nm using a calibrated VUV ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Langmuir-Blodgett films have been made with 3-n-hexadecylpyrrole and 3-n-octadecylpyrrole monomers and copolymers with unsubstituted pyrrole made by chemical polymerization at the air-water interface on a subphase containing FeCl/sub 3/. Langmuir-Blodgett films consisting of mixtures of stearic acid and alkylsubstituted polythiophenes have also been made as bilayer films. The orientation of single and multilayer films on platinum substrates have been studied by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy which also gives information about charge transfer interactions between the aromatic groups and the metallic substrates. The alkylsubstituted pyrroles form highly ordered two-dimensional structures. FeCl/sub 3/ initiated copolymerization with unsubstituted pyrrole leads to a more disordered system. In the case of polythiophene-stearic acid bilayers, the stearic acid layers are highly ordered. The poly(alkyl thiophene) layers ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on anatase TiO2 hollow spheres (TiO2HS)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposite films are prepared by a directly mechanical mixing and doctor blade method. The prepared samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The photoelectric conversion performances of the DSSCs based on TiO2HS/CNT composite film electrodes are also compared with commercial-grade Degussa P25 TiO2 nanoparticles (P25)/CNT composite solar cells at the same film thickness. The results indicate that the photoelectric conversion efficiencies () of the TiO2HS/CNT composite DSSCs are dependent on CNT loading in the electrodes. A small amou...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eu 4f electronic structures of a temperature-induced valence transition system EuPd{sub 2}Si{sub 2} have been investigated by bulk-sensitive high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy at temperatures from 20 to 300 K. The bulk Eu{sup 2+} 4f component is definitely distinguished from two surface Eu{sup 2+} 4f components. The changes in the spectral intensity of the bulk Eu{sup 2+} and Eu{sup 3+} 4f configurations and in the energy separation between these states are observed in the temperature dependent photoemission spectra. These temperature dependences are related to the valence transition of EuPd{sub 2}Si{sub 2}. The Eu mean valence is evaluated to be 2.75{+-}0.03 at 20 K and 2.30{+-}0.05 at 300 K. These values are in good agreement with those evaluated from Moessbauer and Eu L{sub III}-edge X-ray absorption measurements.

Science.gov (United States)

It is well known that contact with metals can be responsible for allergic contact dermatitis; also, there is experimental evidence that nickel ions are readily available on the surface of used coins containing nickel and copper. The aim of this study was to prove that metal powders of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) dispersed in synthetic sweat are oxidised into respective ions that can permeate the skin. Suspensions of 5 g of metal powder (Ni, Co and Cr) in 100 mL of synthetic sweat at pH 6.5 were prepared and shaken with a stirring plate at room temperature for 30 min. Human skin membranes were set up in Franz-diffusion cells and 2 mL of the freshly made suspension were applied to the outer surface of the skin for 24h. The appearance of metal ions in the aqueous receptor phase (NaCl 0.9%) was quantified by Electro Thermal Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (ETAAS). Also, metals ions were analysed using Differential Pulse Polarography ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have estimated the mixing height (MH) and investigated the relationship between vertical mixing and ground-level ozone concentrations in Seoul, Korea, by using three ground-based active remote sensing instruments operating side by side: micro-pulse lidar (MPL), differential absorption lidar (DIAL), and differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). The M H is estimated from MPL measurements of aerosol extinction profiles by the gradient method under convective conditions. Comparisons of the MHs estimated from MPL and radiosonde measurements show a good agreement (r"2 = 0.99). Continuous MPL measurements with high temporal and vertical resolution reveal the diurnal variations of the MH under convective conditions and the presence of a residual layer during the nighttime. Comprehensive measurements of ozone and aerosol by MPL, DIAL and DOAS during an high ozone episode (24-26 May 2000) in Seoul, Korea, reveal that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study on oxygen-plasma treatment of ink-jet paper is presented. Paper was exposed to a weakly ionized, highly dissociated oxygen plasma with an electron temperature of 5 eV, a positive-ion density of 8 x 1015 m-3 and a density of neutral oxygen atoms of 5 x 1021 m-3. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was applied as a method for detection of the reaction products during the plasma treatment of the paper. OES spectra between 250 and 1000 nm were measured continuously during the plasma treatment. The wettability of the samples before and after the plasma treatment was determined by measuring the contact angle of a water drop. The appearance of the surface-functional groups was determined by using high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while changes in the surface morphology were monitored with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Already after 1 s of the plasma treatment the surface, which was originally hydrophobic, changed to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

By means of an audio frequency plasma polymerisation ultra-thin gradient plasma polymer layers were deposited on zinc and zinc-coated iron. The aim was to generate an interfacial polymeric layer which bonds to an oxidised metal as well as to a subsequently applied organic coating and acts as an interfacial barrier layer for ions and water. Surface modifications were done in an in situ plasma cell with infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The zinc surface was first activated by an oxygen plasma to provide a freshly oxidised and contamination free oxide surface. The intermediate stages of the surface reactions could be revealed. Carbon dioxide molecules as oxidation products adsorbed on the growing zinc oxide and were desorbed at a later stage. An organosilicon plasma polymer was deposited directly on top of the oxide layer from a hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) plasma. Afterwards a cyclohexene (CHEX)/hexamethyldisilane co-plasma ...

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This document is the final report for Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-04NT42314, 'Kinetics Study of Mercury Reactions in FGD Liquors'. The project was co-funded by the U.S. DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory and EPRI. The objective of the project has been to determine the mechanisms and kinetics of the aqueous reactions of mercury absorbed by wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, and develop a kinetics model to predict mercury reactions in wet FGD systems. The model may be used to determine optimum wet FGD design and operating conditions to maximize mercury capture in wet FGD systems. Initially, a series of bench-top, liquid-phase reactor tests were conducted and mercury species concentrations were measured by UV/visible light spectroscopy to determine reactant and byproduct concentrations over time. Other measurement methods, such as atomic absorption, were used to measure concentrations of vapor-phase elemental ...

Science.gov (United States)

Mesporous anatase-phase TiO(2) hollow spheres with high photocatalytic activity were prepared by hydrothermal treatment and self-transformation of amorphous TiO(2) solid spheres in an NH(4)F aqueous solution. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation decomposition of acetone in air under UV irradiation. It is found that F(-) plays an essential role in the formation of TiO(2) hollow spheres. F(-) not only induces the hollowing of TiO(2) solid spheres, but also promotes the crystallization of anatase TiO(2) nanocrystals. A possible formation mechanism for the TiO(2) hollow spheres by localized Ostwald ripening or chemically induced self-transformation is proposed based on the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Calcium and phosphorus were mainly responsible for reducing the gastrointestinal absorption of lead in human subjects. The effect of calcium was greater than phosphorus, and their combined effect was more than additive. Increasing weights of calcium and phosphorus progressively reduced lead absorption. The relationship between absorption and increasing weights could be described by two negative exponentials. These effects could be explained if lead competed with calcium and phosphorus for common transport mechanisms in the gut. Milk was also found to reduce lead absorption. Adding milk to the diet of people with low dietary calcium intake could reduce the possibility of increased absorption of ingested lead.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany's national metrology institute, developed an alignment strategy to specify elemental depth profiling in vertical sidewall layers on structured wafers. For this purpose, PTB's irradiation chamber for 200 mm and 300 mm silicon wafers was used to combine total-reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) and grazing incidence XRF (GIXRF) techniques by employing monochromatized undulator radiation of the BESSY II electron storage ring. 3-D test structures were fabricated to develop an optimal alignment strategy allowing for depth profiling in such nanolayers. The test structures consisted of silicon bars with widths/spacings either in the {mu}m or in the nm range. In order to be able to differentiate the sidewalls more easily from the remainder of the structures, they were provided with an additional silicon nitride layer. Four structure types of different bar width and density parameters on two 200 mm silicon wafers were ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) absorption was assessed in groups of workers at two explosives factories by measuring the urinary concentrations of dinitroaminotoluene (DNAT) metabolites. DNAT was detected in...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During cleanup of contaminated sites, Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) frequently encounters soils with low-level radioactive contamination. The contamination is not uniformly distributed, but occurs within areas of clean soil. Because it is difficult to characterize heterogeneously contaminated soils in detail and to excavate such soils precisely using heavy equipment, it is common for large quantities of uncontaminated soil to be removed during excavation of contaminated sites. This practice results in the commingling and disposal of clean and contaminated material as low-level waste (LLW), or possibly low-level mixed waste (LLMW). Until recently, volume reduction of radioactively contaminated soil depended on manual screening and analysis of samples, which is a costly and impractical approach and does not uphold As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principles. To reduce the amount of LLW and LLMW generated during the excavation process, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Full text of publication follows: Large-scale problems such as nuclear waste disposal are increasingly recognized to be interconnected to small scale-mechanisms. Thus, synchrotron-based high-resolution analytical X-ray probes become important tools for exploring the micro-scale chemical reactivity of heterogeneous barrier materials used in nuclear waste repositories. In this study the layout of the micro-XAS beamline at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) will be presented. The beamline is optimized towards micro beam experiments ({approx}1 x 1 {mu}m{sup 2}) in the hard-X-ray regime (4 - {approx}22 keV) and allows to combine micro X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF), micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy (micro- XAS), and micro X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD) investigations with radioactive samples. Furthermore, the potential of micro-XRF/XAS/XRD for acquiring spatially resolved molecular level information on the speciation and structural coordination ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carbon-14 was analysed by direct absorption of carbon dioxide on the mixture of organic amine compound and scintillation cocktail then counted by low level liquid scintillation counter. This method can be applied for radiocarbon dating. In this study, the effects of carbon dioxide absorption, and counting efficiency were investigated using various commercial available cocktail. It was found that permafluor V and Ready Gel showed the highest carbon dioxide absorption whereas the Permafluor V showed the highest counting efficiency

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The shapes of dendritic arbors are fascinating and important, yet the principles underlying these complex and diverse structures remain unclear. Here, we analyzed basal dendritic arbors of 2,171 pyramidal...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

There is a requirement for a noninvasive technique to monitor stem cell differentiation. Several candidates based on optical spectroscopy are discussed in this review: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

With the improvements accomplished during the past 15 years in detection techniques and instrumentation and with the opening of space exploration, molecular spectroscopy has become a very efficient way to probe planetary atmospheres.

Science.gov (United States)

... Missionaries and Cannibals, etc.) Since the shooting example is intended to be an example of general autonomous reasoning, we will avoid such ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Absorption of ''organically bound'' "2"3"3U and "2"4"1Am from gastrointestinal tracts of adult rats was twice that of the inorganic nitrate form. There was no difference between transport of "2"3"2U and "2"3"3U by adult rats, but "2"3"2U absorption by newborn rats was four times that of "2"3"3U. Absorption of "2"3"8Pu nitrate through the gut of the newborn is relatively insensitive to dose but incorporation in the gut mucosa saturates at high dose levels. Absorption of "2"3"8Pu is greater at 4 hr of age than at 24 hr.

CERN Document Server

We obtain a simple derivation of the optimal quantum state estimation of a two-level system using the no-signaling principle. In particular, we show that the no-signaling principle determines the unique form of the guessing probability, independently to a given figure of merit such as the fidelity or the information gain. This proves that optimal measurements for a two-level quantum system is the same for almost all figures of merit.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to understand the chemistry of altermetal dopants in antimony oxide, the detailed structural characterization of two ..beta..-Sb/sub 2/O/sub 4/ compounds is reported, Mo-doped ..beta..-Sb/sub 2/O/sub 4/ (1.5 metal%) and V-doped ..beta..-Sb/sub 2/O/sub 4/ (5 metal%). The methods used to characterize these materials are X-ray and neutron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Mo K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The atomic position of each of these dopants in Sb/sub 2/O/sub 4/ is radically different as is the overall effect on the host structure. Molybdenum does not substitute for Sb atoms, rather the Mo atoms are found in channels of electron density formed by Sb/sup 3 +/ lone pairs. The two nearest Sb/sup 3 +/ are absent and the oxygen stoichiometry is preserved. The formula is Sb/sub 1.97/Mo/sub 0.015/O/sub 4/. Vanadium incorporates substitutionally for the Sb/sup 3 +/ atoms and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The thickness dependent magnetic properties of artificially prepared ultrathin body-centered cubic Ni films have been explored using the all electron full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method. We have considered two types of BCC Ni(001) films: (i) pure BCC Ni(001) and (ii) Au capped BCC Ni(001) in the range from 1 monolayer (ML) to 4 ML of Au capping coverage. The average magnetic moment of pure BCC Ni(001) is about 0.63 #mu#_B and a typical surface enhancement is found with a magnetic moment of 0.78 #mu#_B. In the presence of an Au capping layer, the magnetic moment of interface Ni is strongly suppressed to approximately 0.5 #mu#_B and this causes a reduction of average magnetic moment. Nevertheless, the Au adlayer has no meaningful induced magnetic moment. The BCC pure Ni(001) films always have in-plane magnetization up to 11 ML, but very interestingly the Au/Ni(001) shows a thickness dependent spin reorientation transition (SRT) from in-plane to perpendicular to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method, the magnetic properties of two-dimensional Ru and Rh monolayers (MLs) on a NiAl(001) surface have been investigated. It has been found that free standing one monolayer Ru and Rh films have ferromagnetic ground state with magnetic moments of 2.21 and 1.48 #mu#_B, respectively. The ferromagnetism is still observed even on a Ni terminated NiAl(001) surface, while no magnetic state is found on an Al terminated surface. The calculated magnetic moments of Ru and Rh atoms are 1.56 and 0.88 #mu#_B, respectively. In addition, an induced magnetic moment in surface Ni is observed. It has been found that the free standing Ru film has perpendicular magnetization to the film surface with a magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) energy of 0.66 meV/atom, while an in-plane MCA energy of 0.37 meV/atom is achieved in Rh film. Very interestingly, we find that both Ru/NiAl(001) and Rh/NiAl(001) films have perpendicular magnetic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method for using in situ X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy to determine the composition of passive, transpassive, and nonreducible thin oxide films is described. The method is demonstrated by determining the composition of the passive films formed in pH 4.5, 0.1 M acetate buffer, on 100 {angstrom} thick Fe-yCr alloys (y = 8.5, 15, 19, 23 atom %) at potentials: (1) low in the passive region ({minus}0.3 V vs. mercurous sulfate reference electrode, MSE); (2) high in the passive region; (3) in the transpassive region; and (4) in the cathodic region where the air-formed film is not fully reduced. The nonreducible film at {minus}1.2 V is entirely a Cr{sup 3+} oxide/hydroxide. This nonreducible film persists at anodic potentials. At {minus}0.3 V, the passive film on each alloy is significantly enriched in Cr. The film at {minus}0.3 V consists primarily of the nonreducible Cr{sup 3+} oxide/hydroxide plus a very small amount of additional ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

With an objective to know coal condensation structure which has influence on coal conversion reaction, an attempt was made on quantitative evaluation of hydrogen bonding in coal. Using as test samples the VDC made from Taiheiyo coal swollen by tetralin and vacuum-dried, and its pyrolyzed char, DSC measurement and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT) were performed. An FT spectrum comparison revealed that the VDC swollen at 220{degree}C has the hydrogen bonding relaxed partly from the original coal. However, since the change is in a huge coal molecular structure restraining space, it has stopped at relaxation of the bonding energy without causing separation as far as free radicals. On the other hand, the DSC curve shows that the VDC has slower endothermic velocity than the original coal. In other words, the difference in heat absorption amounts in both materials is equivalent to the difference of enthalpy ({Delta} H) of both materials, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arsenic in soils from the Asarco lead smelter in East Helena, Montana was characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Arsenic oxidation state and geochemical speciation were analyzed as a function of depth (two sampling sites) and surface distribution. These results were compared with intensive desorption/dissolution experiments performed in a pH stat reactor for samples from the site with the highest degree of As heterogeneity. The objectives of the study were to investigate the solid-phase geochemical As speciation, assess the speciation of As in solutions equilibrated with the solids under controlled pH (pH=4 or 6) and Eh (using hydrogen or air) environments, observe the effects of phosphate on the release of As into solution, and examine the effects of phosphate on metal mobility in the systems. Arsenic was predominantly found in the As(V) valence state, though there was evidence that As(III) and As(0) were present also. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

One of the central issues in radiation protection consists in determining what weight should be given to individual doses in relation to collective or aggregated doses. A mathematical framework is introduced in which such assessments can be made precisely in terms of comparisons between alternative distributions of individual doses. In addition to evaluation principles that are well known from radiation protection, a series of principles that are derived from parallel discussions in moral philosophy and welfare economics is investigated. A battery of formal properties is then used to investigate the evaluative principles. The results indicate that one of the new principles, bilinear prioritarianism, may be preferable to current practices, since it satisfies efficiency-related properties better without sacrificing other desirable properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Near-infrared spectroscopy is a convenient tool for measuring nanotube / carbonaceous impurities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:16304000

Science.gov (United States)

... PHYSICS ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND SPECTROSCOPY NUCLEAR PHYSICS & ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High-precision laser spectroscopy on lithium isotopes is of fundamental interest, experimentally as well as theoretically. The lithium atom has long served as a test system for the calculation of various atomic properties in few-electron atoms and significant advances have been made in the last decade[1-3]. Recently, calculations of transition energies for the 22S1/2 -> 32S1/2 and the 22S1/2 -> 22P1/2, 3/2 transitions and of the mass-dependant isotope shift (IS) in these transitions have been reported with a relative accuracy of better than 1 X 10-7 and 5 x 10-6, respectively[4, 5]. These calculations are the foundation for experimental efforts, currently underway at GSI Darmstadt, Germany, to determine the root-mean-square (rms) charge radius of the unstable lithium isotopes[6, 7]. The basic principle is that if all mass-dependent contributions to the IS can be calculated with sufficient accuracy, the residual discrepancy between ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A retrospective study of the relationship of season to the absorption of radiolead in laboratory rats was performed using data representing 305 animals from 36 experiments over 6 calendar years. Male...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The L edge absorption of Pd, Ag, Sn, In, and CsI was measured in order to study the density of states and the unoccupied d states. 4 figures. (DLC)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

To investigate the fate of intrinsic factor and cobalamin during cobalamin absorption, we incubated enterocytes isolated from guinea pig ileum for periods of up to 30 min with ⁵⁷Co-labeled...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Concentration of an amine solution for removal of hydrogen sulfides and carbon dioxide from natural gas, is tested by carbon dioxide absorption measurement in an apparatus allowing complete reaction to give reliable results.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This is a preliminary study on the sound absorption properties of two tropical hardwoods, Light Red Meranti and Ramin, and their wood-polymer composites. Sound absorption is measured using a standing wave apparatus. The samples are of one thickness (7 mm) and cut longitudinally. Wood-polymer composites are made by impregnating the samples with methyl methacrylate which is polymerized in situ through #gamma#-irradiation. Both woods and their composites are better sound absorbers at higher sound frequencies. With partial impregnation, the absorption coefficients are improved upon particularly in the region between 1-3 kHz. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We theoretically investigate the features of two-photon absorption in a coherently driven four-level atomic system with closed-loop configuration. It is found that two-photon absorption can be completely suppressed just by properly adjusting the relative phase of four coherent low-intensity driving fields and the atomic system becomes transparent against two-photon absorption. From a physical point of view, we explicitly explain these results in terms of quantum interference induced by two different two-photon excitation channels.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Wastenet

Total carbon dioxide absorption per year increases from 4 lbs of CO2 in 2002 and reaches 260 lbs

Science.gov (United States)

Spectral absorption properties of total suspended matter (TSM) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) are important for the use of the bio-optical model to estimate water quality parameters. This study aims to investigate the variation in the absorption coefficients of TSM and CDOM of inland waters. A total of 92 water samples were collected from Shitoukoumen Reservoir and Songhua Lake in Northeast China, analyzed for TSM and Chl-a, and measured for the absorption coefficient of TSM, CDOM and total pigments using a laboratory spectrophotometer. The absorption coefficient of TSM has been decomposed for phytoplankton and inorganic sediments. The results show that for Shitoukoumen Reservoir, CDOM has strong absorptions with shallow absorption slopes (i.e., the coefficient S in a(?)=a(?0)exp[-S(?- ?0)]) and large absorption at 355 nm; and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of a gas-operated diffusion absorption heat pump for the heating of living spaces is described. By various improvement an energy efficiency of the prototypes of 1.5 was achieved. Structural alterations led to a lower overall height and lower production costs. The CFCs used in electric heat pumps were replaced by environmentally neutral ammonia. Compared with conventional gas heating systems, the CO2 output could be reduced by more than 30%. figs., tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An equation is described to estimate the value of the liquid-phase mass-transfer coefficient of aqueous solutions of surfactants from its value for pure water. The form of the equation is obtained from Levich's theory, and it is adjusted to experiments of absorption of CO/sub 2/ in aqueous solutions of five pure surfactants. The reduction of the absorption rate is correlated with the interfacial pressure of the solution.

Science.gov (United States)

The report gives results of a pilot-plant study of the ammonia absorption/ammonium bisulfate regeneration process for removing SO2 from the stack gas of coal-fired power plants. Data were developed on the effects of such operating variable in the absorption of SO2 by ammoniacal l...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Methods for estimating particle number may be based on at least three different principles. Two of them, isolation of particles and indirect counting, have been predominant until recently. The new methods based on section pairs (disectors) are unbiased and far more efficient. The three principles and their historical developments are described, emphasizing that the newly developed principles have old roots, which were forgotten until recently. It is concluded, that 'learned societies' combined with individual enthusiasm are material for the spread and development of new ideas.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There is very little quantitative documentation of actual improvements resulting from the installation of new general ventilation systems in industrial settings. Therefore the performance of the common mixing design principle was compared to the displacement design principle by means of an intervention study in a workshop (V = 12,000 m[sup 3]), where thermoplastics were moulded. An experimental signal-response tracer gas technique was used. In terms of supplying fresh air to the zone of occupancy the displacement system was better than the mixing system by a factor of 2. In terms of the exposure level to a simulated contaminant (tracer gas) the displacement system was better by a factor 1.5-18. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Principle advantages of magnetic forming for part manufacture appear to lie ... to be an area of great potential for the magnetic forming process. We have a ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Standardization of herbal formulations is essential in order to assess the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of their active principles. This article reports on standardization of Ajmodadi...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The precautionary principle has provoked a spirited debate among environmentalists worldwide, but it is equally relevant to public health and shares much with primary prevention. Its central components...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This laboratory exercise demonstrates some basic principles in parasitology by using experimental studies of the relationship of Hymenolepis diminuta with its rodent host.

Science.gov (United States)

... d Diameter of ro.'ling element of a cylindrical roller bearing ... L Life (B-10) of a cyl.ndrical roller bearing LACA Contact ratio ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A summary of the basic principles of K-matrix theory and examples of its applications to atomic spectra are discussed. (AIP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... feasibility studies fftf reactor loss of flow reactor control systems reactor core

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work, a comprehensive model has been developed for the absorption of carbon dioxide into promoted hot potassium carbonate solution. The model, which is based on penetration theory, incorporates an extensive set of important reactions and takes into account the coupling between mass transfer and chemical kinetics. The penetration theory provides an appropriate absorption rate and enhancement factor for the chemical absorption. Operating data for carbon dioxide absorption into DEA-hot potassium carbonate solution has been compared with model predictions. The impact of parameters such inlet temperature of lean solution, promoter concentration, liquid split fraction, hot feed location and type of promoter on the performance of a split-flow absorber have been examined. The use of other promoters is an efficient way to enhance the carbon dioxide absorption, which has been ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Measurements of local mass fluxes of liquid, local number fluxes of the drop and local drop size distributions at various locations in the test column were made for wide ranges of liquid flow rates and gas flow rates. An empirical correlation for the volume mean diameter of the drop at the nozzle exit was proposed. Measurements of the rates of absorption of carbon dioxide from carbon dioxide-air mixtures with water sprays (physical absorption) and aqueous sodium hydroxide sprays (chemical absorption) were made for wide range so fluid flow rates, feed gas concentrations, and initial alkali concentrations. The observed dimensionless rates of absorption were compared with the theoretical values by assuming penetration model with second-order irreversible reaction. 11 refs., 7 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A combination of degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopy and a low-pressure sampling technique has been studied for isotopic analysis in an air-acetylene flame. Hyperfine spectra of D lines of sodium and several mixtures of lithium isotopes obtained in this way are presented.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The Electronic REference To access In vivo Concentrations (ERETIC) method was applied to ¹H HR-MAS spectroscopy. The accuracy, precision, and stability of ERETIC as a quantitative...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors present differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ Moessbauer spectroscopy results for Metglas ribbons, to which different heat treatments were made. The Curie temperature of the amorphous phase is determined and the evolution of the magnetic field of this phase is studied as a function of temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... 194 p. auger electron spectroscopy decomposition deposition interfaces oxygen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... D.). energy levels molybdenum 101 nuclear properties parity spectroscopic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... alpha spectroscopy comparative evaluations diet electroplating men natural

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

By the methods of the angular distribution of photon annihilation, time distribution of photon annihilation, photoluminescence spectroscopy, Fourier IR-spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy the detail information on relation of the structural and physical properties of the porous nano-structures is obtained. Study of pores sizes in a different nano-porous materials, such as the porous silicon, porous anode aluminium oxide, porous solids exposed to light atoms ion implantation (hydrogen, deuterium, helium) is carried out.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The essential properties of tachyons are described briefly and the 'reinterpretation principle' for tachyons is discussed. The possibility of conducting an experiment analogous to the Michelson-Morley experiment in which a preferred frame may be detected is considered. The existance of a tachyon prefered frame is consistent with the principles of relativity and, if suitable experiments were devised, could provide important evidence for the existence of tachyons. (W.D.L.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is confirmed that actuality of tachyons and some unusual properties may be due to inadequate mathematical formalism based on the Lorentz group. Insertion of tachyons requires in addition to generalization of the causality principle also an extension of the relativistic invariance principle. It is proposed a way in the paper which removes a number of problematic situations in the tachyon problem.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper is a tutorial discussion of the basic principles of ground relaying for high voltage and extra high voltage transmission lines. Three different HV configurations are considered: Long lines, lines with a weak mid-point station, and mutually-coupled lines. Application criteria for EHV circuits are also discussed, and specific setting calculations are included where appropriate.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) has been proposed several years ago as an approach for quantitative analysis of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy spectra. Recently developed refinement of the spectral processing method is described in the present work. Accurate quantitative results have been demonstrated for several metallic alloys. However, the degree of accuracy that can be achieved with Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analysis of generic samples still needs to be thoroughly investigated. The authors have undertaken a systematic study of errors and biasing factors affecting the calculation in the Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy spectra processing. These factors may be classified in three main groups: 1) experi...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Several inexpensive and non-toxic solvents with low vapour pressures were investigated for their suitability as alternative solvents for the absorption of carbon dioxide from flue gas. The solvents include poly(ethylene glycol)s, poly(ethylene glycol) ethers, poly(ethylenimine) and glycerol-based substances. Solvent properties such as thermal stability, solubility of carbon dioxide and selectivity over nitrogen were investigated in a systematic study using a thermogravimetric analyser. Absorption results are reported for pure carbon dioxide and nitrogen as well as a mixture of both gases. Desorption and long-term sorption behaviour are also discussed. Glycerol and poly(ethylene glycol)s show a high solubility of carbon dioxide. Due to the high viscosity of the solvent, carbon dioxide absorption in poly(ethylenimine) is very slow in spite of the presence of favourable amine groups. PEG 300 was found to be the best solvent in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Theoretical development for temperature measurements via narrow line, infrared absorption of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) is presented. The proposed technique is based on rapid-scanning of two adjacent absorption line shapes. Spectroscopic considerations for sensitivity to temperature measurements are discussed. Several line pairs are evaluated, and the R(58) and R(60) transitions of the (00{sup 0}1){l_arrow}(00{sup 0}0) band are suggested for use in high temperature measurements for combustion systems.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors measured the absorption of CO{sub 2} in alkaline 0.5 M/0.5 M sodium carbonate/bicarbonate buffers containing either saccharose and sodium arsenite or saccharose and formaldehyde. Absorption enhancement increased upon increasing the concentration of either of the catalysts, but the joint action of the two was always less than the sum of their individual effects, the difference being a function of the acidities and concentrations of the catalysts and the pH of the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer solution

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The subband structure and optical properties of a cylindrical quantum well wire under intense non-resonant laser field are investigated by taking into account the correct dressing effect for the confinement potential. The energy levels and wave functions are calculated within the effective mass- approximation using a finite element method. It is found that the absorption coefficient and the saturation intensity are strongly affected by the laser amplitude and frequency as well as by the incident light polarization. As a key result, a large anisotropy in the linear and nonlinear optical absorptions for very intense laser field is predicted. These effects can be useful for the design of polarization sensitive devices.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The conductive ultra thin films were fabricated from mixed monolayers containing stearic acid and Head-to-Tail poly(3-alkylthiophene). These films exhibited well-defined layered structures as determined by optical absorption and X-ray diffraction measurements. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of these films showed lower energy absorption shifts of 48 nm from that of the random poly(3-alkylthiophene)/stearic acid LB films. The blue shift of absorption maximum of the LB film is attributed to the increase of {pi}-conjugation length caused by no steric hindrance of alkyl side chains. The conductivity of the Head-to-Tail poly(3-hexylthiophene)/stearic acid LB films was greatly improved in the range of 67-100 S/cm. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Comparatively evaluates methods for removal of carbon dioxide from waste gases emitted from industrial plants. The evaluations concentrate on carbon dioxide absorption by water solutions of alkalis and amines. The Hindered Amines Process, developed by Exxon in the USA, is analyzed. Chemical reactions of carbon dioxide absorption in solutions with hindered amines are evaluated. The following US patents which protect processes for carbon dioxide absorption by means of hindered amines are evaluated: No. 4,112,052, No. 4,101,633, No. 4,112,051, No. 4,100,257, No. 4,112,050, No. 4,094,957. Efficiency of carbon dioxide removal by each of the processes is pointed out. 12 refs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this research, hybrid composite materials were prepared from combination of oil palm Empty fruit bunches (EFB) fibre and jute fibre as reinforcement, epoxy as polymer matrix. This study intended to investigate the effect of jute fiber hybridization and different layering pattern on the physical properties of oil palm EFB-Epoxy composites. Water absorption and thickness swelling test reveal that hybrid composite shows a moderate water absorption which is 11.20% for hybrid EFB/Jute/EFB composite and 6.08% for hybrid Jute/EFB/Jute composite. The thickness swelling and water absorption of the hybrid composites slightly increased as the layering pattern of hybrid composites changed. Hybrid composites are more water resistance and dimensional stable compare to the pure EFB composites. This is...

CERN Document Server

The Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) arises from shock-heated gas collapsing in large-scale filaments and probably harbours a substantial fraction of the baryons in the local Universe. Absorption-line measurements in the ultraviolet (UV) and in the X-ray band currently represent the best method to study the WHIM at low redshifts. We here describe the physical properties of the WHIM and the concepts behind WHIM absorption line measurements of H I and high ions such as O VI, O VII, and O VIII in the far-ultraviolet and X-ray band. We review results of recent WHIM absorption line studies carried out with UV and X-ray satellites such as FUSE, HST, Chandra, and XMM-Newton and discuss their implications for our knowledge of the WHIM.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Microcrystalline silicon carbide ({mu}c-SiC) was prepared at low substrate temperatures using Hot Wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). High crystalline volume fractions were achieved at high hydrogen dilution and high deposition pressure. Without intentional doping, such material shows high dark conductivity and high optical absorption below the band gap. The material prepared at low deposition pressure or low hydrogen dilution, on the other hand, shows much lower conductivity and sub-gap absorption, but high spin densities up to 5 x 10{sup 19} cm{sup -3}. This high absorption can be attributed to free carriers, different to {mu}c-Si:H where a correlation between the sub-gap absorption and the spin density is observed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The transfer of 203Pb and/or 47Ca across the intestinal epithelium of the chick was investigated, with emphasis given to the functional role of cholecalciferol (vitamin D-3). 203Pb, after introduction in the intestinal lumen, is rapidly accumulated by the intestinal tissue, and only a fraction of 203Pb is translocated parenterally (absorbed). Cholecalciferol did not significantly affect the accumulation of 203Pb by intestinal tissue but did accelerate 203Pb movement across the basal-lateral membrane. In contrast, cholecalciferol both decreased 47Ca tissue levels and increased 47Ca absorption. In rachitic chicks, the rate of absorption of 203Pb was greater in the distal than in the proximal segments of the intestine; after cholecalciferol repletion, the degree of absorption in al segments was similar, indicting the order of cholecalciferol effectiveness as duodenum greater than or equal to jejunum greater than ileum. An ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(1971). Poland Gej, B. Szkola Glowna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, Warsaw

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Copper bioavailability was studied in rats using an extrinsic Cu label. Copper absorption from sunflower seeds (46%), peanuts (41%), cooked shrimp (50%), and cooked beef (40%) was as good or better than copper sulfate (46%). Copper from plant foods (sunflower seeds, garbanzo beans, peanuts) was absorbed equally as well as copper from animal foods (beef, shrimp, chicken liver), 39 +/- 7% vs 43 +/- 7%, P greater than 0.05. There was no significant difference in percentage Cu absorption between intrinsically labeled chicken liver and extrinsically labeled chicken liver. In a second experiment, Cu absorption was measured in the presence of glucose, fructose, sucrose, or cornstarch. There were no significant differences in Cu absorption due to different carbohydrates in a single meal.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Air flow rates and carbon dioxide concentrations of air entering and exiting eight H-Area waste tanks were monitored for a period of one year. The average instanteous concentration of carbon dioxide in air is within the range reported offsite, and therefore is not affect by operation of the coal-fired power plant adjacent to the tank farm. Waste solutions in each of the tanks were observed to be continuously absorbing carbon dioxide. The rate of absorption of carbon dioxide decreased linearly with the pH of the solution. Personnel exposure associated with the routine sampling and analysis of radioactive wastes stored at SRP to determine the levels of corrosion inhibitors in solution could be reduced by monitoring the absorption of carbon dioxide and using the relationship between pH and carbon dioxide absorption to determine the free hydroxide concentration in solution.

CERN Document Server

This remodeled form of Einstein's relativity theories retains and incorporates only experimentally proven principles. It is based on a generalized law for spinning and rotational motions, which is in fact the conservation law of momentum vector direction, and can be successfully used for the precision computation of planetary and lunar orbits. The most fundamental principles of the remodeled relativity theory are the conservation laws of energy and momentum. Based on experience of relativity experiments, we adopted the principles that energy level is the underlying cause for relativistic effects, and that mass is expressed by the relativistic energy equation from Einstein. From space age ephemeris generation experience and following nature's way to conserve energy and momentum, we found reason to replace the concept of "relativity of all frames" with that of "nature's preferred frame", which helped us to escape Einstein's ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: Pigments possessing the ability to confer high solar reflectance have received considerable attention in recent years. The inorganic class of NIR reflective pigments are mainly metal oxides and are primarily employed in two applications: (i) visual camouflage and (ii) reducing heat build up. More than half of the solar radiation consists of near-infrared radiation (52%), the remaining being 43% visible light and 5% ultraviolet radiation. Over heating due to solar radiation negatively affects comfort in the built environment and contributes substantially to electrical consumption for air conditioning and release of green house gases. A pigment which has strong reflections in the NIR region (780-2500 nm) can be referred to as a 'cool' pigment. However, most of the NIR reflective inorganic pigments particularly yellow (eg. cadmium yellow, lead chromate, chrome titanate yellow etc.) contain toxic metals and hence their consumption is being limited. Replacing them with ...

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionIn young pigs the post-weaning period is generally characterised by a marked reduction in voluntary feed intake, poor growth and development, and diarrhoea. The associated reduction in digestive and absorptive capacity of the gastrointestinal tract decreases the overall efficiency of nutrient capture and utilisation, thereby causing an increase in nutrient loading to the environment. The reduction in digestive and absorptive efficiency after weaning has implications for lifetime performance be [continued...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hydrothermal method for preparing crystal borophosphate with zeolite structure is suggested. To increase absorption capacity and thermal stability of final product, aluminium hydroxide sol, ethylenediamine and ethyl acetate are added to the mixture of crystal boric and concentrated phosphoric acids. Thermal stability of the specimens prepared constitutes 880-950 deg, water absorption capacity is within the limits of 0.30-0.32 cmT/g. 1 table.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Certain problems of gamma-absorption method of measuring the thickness of layers in multi-layer items are analyzed. Two examples of solving the above-mentioned problems have been considered. One of them deals with a two-layer item, its integral thickness being known or measured in advance, the second example is referred to a two-layer item with unknown integral value

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of a number of dietary and synthetic chelating agents on the intestinal absorption of lead has been examined using the everted sac preparation and the tracer isotope /sup 203/Pb. All the agents examined increased lead transport into the serosal compartment. An explanation of the way in which these agents modify the model to describe lead transport is proposed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model for combined mass and heat transfer during nonisothermal gas absorption in a two-phase gas- liquid bubbly medium with a high gas content and/or large times of gas-liquid contact is suggested. Diffusion and thermal interactions between bubbles is taken into account in the approximation of a cellular model of a bubbly medium whereby a bubbly medium is viewed as a periodic structure consisting of identical spherical cells with periodic boundary conditions at a cell boundary. Distribution of concentration of dissolved gas, temperature distribution in liquid and coefficients of mass and heat transfer during nonisothermal absorption of a soluble pure gas from a bubble by liquid are determined. In the limiting case of absorption without heat release the derived formulas recover the expressions for isothermal absorption. (orig.). With 1 fig., 1 tab. [Deutsch] Es wird ein Modell vorgestellt, das den ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Absorption of the excimer laser radiations of 193-nm argon fluorine and 308-nm xenon chloride in balanced salt solution, sodium hyaluronate, and human cadaver eyes was measured. The absorption of these materials as considerably different for the two wavelengths; we found that 308-nm light experienced much less absorption than the 193-nm light. The extinction coefficient (k) for 308 nm was k = 0.19/cm for balanced salt solution and k = 0.22/cm for sodium hyaluronate. In contrast to this, the extinction coefficient for 193 nm was k = 140/cm for balanced salt solution and k = 540/cm for sodium hyaluronate. Two 1-day-old human phakic cadaver eyes showed complete absorption with both wavelengths. Using aphakic eyes, incomplete absorption was noted at the posterior pole with 308 nm and complete absorption was noted with 193 nm. The extinction in the anterior part of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This critical review with 28 references examines absorption and emission in the v2 band of the carbon dioxide molecule at around the 15micron wavelength. The argument for additional infrared absorption, the enhanced greenhouse effect due to increased carbon dioxide concentrations, and radiation transport and increased emissions are discussed. Experiments studying the transmission spectra of pure carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide in nitrogen, and comparing them with the results of climate modelling using the HITRAN and GEISA databases, are described.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The main features and advantages of a new low energy nuclear spectroscopic method, the in-beam spectroscopy are described. Results of in-beam spectroscopic experiments performed at the Institute of Nuclear Research (ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary) are summarized. Gamma spectra of in-beam produced odd-odd nuclei were measured, gamma-energies were determined. Measurement of gamma-gamma coincidences led to the construction of energy level schemes of the investigated nuclei. Internal conversion electron spectroscopy was used to determine the multipolarities of transitions. A few spectra and level schemes are presented to illustrate the review. Theoretical interpretation of experimental results are briefly summarized. (D.Gy.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There have been many recent explosive advances in both IR and Raman spectroscopy which have developed in response to industrial problems of increasing complexity. Probably the biggest factor in these advances has been computerization, which has contributed not only to substantial improvements in data handling but to enormous gains in sensitivities of analyses as well. In this paper numerous examples of Raman and IR applications in industry are given using many of these recent advances, including in-situ techniques, microprobe analyses, unusual combinations of instruments - i.e., hyphenated methods - and new sample handling techniques. The bright future of FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy is also briefly discussed.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A public health emergency such as an influenza pandemic will lead to shortages of mechanical ventilators, critical care beds, and other potentially life saving treatments. This will raise difficult...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Systems biology is a rapidly expanding field that integrates diverse areas of science such as physics, engineering, computer science, mathematics, and biology toward the goal of elucidating the underlying...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lithium isotope separation by displacement chromatography is studied using fundamental principles; the equations are derived assuming theoretical stages in lithium adsorption bands. The concentration profiles in the band are calculated numerically under unsteady state.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The problem on the ratio between the instability of physical systems and tachyons is discussed. It is shown that the tachyons participation in the real physical process of the system rearranging does not contradict any principles. It is noted that the tachyons constitute the most significant element of the systems, identifying the instability relative to the phase transition into the stable state.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel soft commutated direct current (DC) motor is introduced. The current of the commutated coil is intentionally drained before the brush disconnects the coil. This prevents the spark generation that normally occurs in conventional DC motors. A similar principle can be applied for DC generators.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper it is shown that the ''third postulate'' of special relativity (i.e. the so-called ''Reinterpretation principle'' by Stueckelberg and by Faynmam) is enough to implement the law of retarded casuality for tachyons even in macro-physics, when usual macro-objects interact with micro-tachyons and macro-tachyons.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The present status of theoretical description of deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon as well as large angle Bhabha scattering with account for radiative corrections in the leading and next-to-leading approximations are reviewed. Also considered is a build-up principle and physical programme of the photon-photon colliders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The following subjects are dealt with: physics of indoor air flow, flow in individual rooms, exchange of air and pollution between individual building zones and with the outside world, thermal coupling with the building shell, thermal comfort and air quality, evaluation of the ventilation. figs., tabs., refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Specificity of the pulses mean frequency measurement (the pulses being generated in a stochastic process) is described. Status of the domain of analog frequency meters is presented. Methods of increasing accuracy of such meters are discussed. (author).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This report reviews neurotoxicological principles relevant to situations of hazardous waste disposal. Some of the diagnostic techniques currently used for field assessment of nervous system dysfunction...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A considerable amount of chemical knowledge of marine sediments has been acquired in recent years but has not yet been utilized by paleomagnetists. On the other hand, geochemists are often unaware of the usefulness of numerous magnetic techniques. In this review we try to bridge this gap, and in particular, we outline many of the chemical and magnetic principles that should allow paleomagnetists to better identify and undertand chemical changes that affect the magnetic properties of marine sediments. The chemical principles include those for distinguishing the four major sources of sediments (continental, biological, authigenic/hydrogenous, volcanic/hydrothermal) from one another by determining elemental abundance distributions, as well as for investigating the stabilities of mineral phases relative to changes in pE and pH. The magnetic principles include the effects of authigenesis and diagenesis on magnetic properties, ...

Wastenet

The principle of need selecting the game of Chicken ... The Chicken (e.g.Rasmusen, 1994) tells the story of two car drivers ...6 Therefore the Chicken is also characterised as a dilemma of common aversion (Rapoport &

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A prototype detector based on the inclined absorber layer principle is introduced. For the Liquids Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source, it is shown to be a significant improvement over its current detector, which imposes an instantaneous count rate limitation of 50 kcps.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The author demonstrates through a specific example that it is possible to extract rotational energy from a Kerr source (in principle, of arbitrary size but not turned black) through a reversible process by suitably injecting tachyons. (Auth.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A century ago, Cajal noted striking similarities between the neural circuits that underlie vision in vertebrates and flies. Over the past few decades, structural and functional studies have...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this college-level introductory text the authors outline the fundamental principles of meteorology. The text is divided into three sections: meteorology, regionalization of climate, and climate change. Numerous charts, graphs, and photographs are displayed with each subject. A glossary of terms is also provided at the end of the book.