Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document provides an inventory of Tank Farm equipment stored or abandoned aboveground and potentially subject to regulation. This inventory was conducted in part to ensure that Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) does not violate dangerous waste laws concerning storage of potentially contaminated equipment/debris that has been in contact with dangerous waste. The report identifies areas inventoried and provides photographs of equipment.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Numerous studies have shown that large, herbivorous waterfowl can reduce quantity of aquatic plants during the breeding or wintering season, but relatively few document herbivory effects at staging areas. This study was done to determine if feeding activities of tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) had a measurable additive influence on the amount of aquatic plants, primarily muskgrass (Chara vulgaris), wild celery (Vallisneria americana), and sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus), removed during the fall migration period at Long Point, Lake Erie, Ontario. Exclosure experiments done in fall 1998 and 1999 showed that, as compared to ducks and abiotic factors, these two large herbivorous waterfowl did not have any additional impact on above or b...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract: We present a generic scoring system that compares the impact of alien species among members of large taxonomic groups. This scoring can be used to identify the most harmful alien species so that conservation measures to ameliorate their negative effects can be prioritized. For all alien mammals in Europe, we assessed impact reports as completely as possible. Impact was classified as either environmental or economic. We subdivided each of these categories into five subcategories (environmental: impact through competition, predation, hybridization, transmission of disease, and herbivory; economic: impact on agriculture, livestock, forestry, human health, and infrastructure). We assigned all impact reports to one of these 10 categories. All categories had impact scores that ranged f...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundMany molecules of interest are flexible and undergo significant shape deformation as part of their function, but most existing methods of molecular shape comparison (MSC)...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a complete set of environmental pathways for disposal options and conditions that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) may analyze for a low-level radioactive waste (LLW) license application. The regulations pertaining In the past, shallow-land burial has been used for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste. However, with the advent of the State Compact system of LLW disposal, many alternative technologies may be used. The alternative LLW disposal facilities include below- ground vault, tumulus, above-ground vault, shaft, and mine disposal This paper will form the foundation of an update of the previously developed Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)/NRC LLW performance assessment methodology. Based on the pathway assessment for alternative disposal methods, a determination will be made about whether the current methodology can satisfactorily analyze the pathways and phenomena likely to be important for the full range ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for growth traits, water use efficiency and tolerance/resistance against metals and herbivores have been identified. A hybrid F2 population originating from a cross between a Salix dasyclados-clone (SW901290) and a S. viminalis-clone ('Jorunn') was used for the different studies in this project. The growth response was analyzed in a greenhouse experiment with two water treatments, normal and drought. In addition, three field experiments with contrasting soils and climates were established. QTL specific for each treatment or field environment but also QTL stable over the treatments or field environments were detected. Each QTL explained from 8 to 29 % of the phenotypic variation depending on trait, treatment or field environment. Clusters of QTL for different traits were mapped indicating a common genetic base or tightly-linked QTL. Stable QTL identified for dryweight can be useful tools for early selection in Salix. In a separate ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary 1.-The modules of plants experience different levels of resources, and clonal plants can integrate resource heterogeneity. However, no studies have tested whether the benefits of clonal integration depend on patterns of heterogeneity in multiple resources, like high levels of above-ground and below-ground resources in the same patches (-coincident patchiness-) or different patches (-reciprocal patchiness-). 2.-We hypothesized that the benefits of clonal integration can vary depending on whether patchiness is reciprocal or coincident, and that clonal species experience greater benefits from integration when qualitative patterns of resource heterogeneity are more like those likely to occur in their habitats. To test these hypotheses, we grew pairs of connected ramets of Cynodon dacty...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of water shortage on growth and gas exchange of maize grown on sandy soil (SS) and clay soil was studied. The lower soil water content in the SS during vegetative growth stages did not affect plant height, above-ground biomass, and leaf area index (LAI). LAI reduction was observed on the SS during the reproductive stage due to early leaf senescence. Canopy and leaf gas exchanges, measured by eddy correlation technique and by a portable photosynthetic system, respectively, were affected by water stress and a greater reduction in net photosynthetic rate (A N) and stomatal conductance (g s) was observed on SS. Chlorophyll and carotenoids content was not affected by water shortage in either condition. Results support two main conclusions: (1) leaf photosynthetic capacity was unaffec...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Many hoarding rodents use burrows not only for dwelling and protection from natural enemies, but also for food storage. However, little is known how burrows used by scatter-hoarding animals influence their foraging behaviors. In addition, handling time for a given food item has a fundamental impact on hoarding strategies of these hoarding animals: food items with longer handling time are more likely to be hoarded due to increasing predation risk because the animals spend more time outside their burrows if they consumed such food. By providing with two types of artificial burrows (aboveground vs. underground) and two types of food items (i.e. seeds) with contrasting handling times, we investigated how burrow condition and handling time co-influence hoarding strategies of a key scatter-hoard...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In vivo, mammalian lenses have the capacity to effect fully reversible changes in shape, and possibly volume, during the accommodation process. Isolated lenses also change shape...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

Shaping has proven to be a powerful but precarious means of improving reinforcement learning performance. Ng, Harada, and Russell (1999) proposed the potential-based shaping algorithm for adding shaping rewards in a way that guarantees the learner will learn optimal behavior. In this note, we prove certain similarities between this shaping algorithm and the initialization step required for several reinforcement learning algorithms. More specifically, we prove that a reinforcement learner with initial Q-values based on the shaping algorithm's potential function make the same updates throughout learning as a learner receiving potential-based shaping rewards. We further prove that under a broad category of policies, the behavior of these two learners are indistinguishable. The comparison provides intuition on the theoretical properties of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Growth dynamics and biomass production in short-rotation poplar plantations were evaluated at Hanyuan Forestry Farm, Baoying County, P.R.C. Experimental treatments applied in a split-plot design included: four planting densities (1111, 833, 625 and 500 stems ha{sup -1}); three poplar clones (NL-80351, I-69 and I-72) and three rotation lengths. Survival of all three clones was excellent at the experimental site under the imposed management regime. Differences in DBH, height, LAI and above-ground biomass production, however, were manifested among the treatments. Overall the clonal ranking was in the order NL-80351 {>=}I-69 > I-72 by age 6. LAI values ranged from 0.6 to 4.4 m{sup 2} m{sup -2} and differences among four planting densities and three clones were significant throughout the first six years. Above-ground biomass productivity was affected considerably by planting density, clone and rotation length. Within the four ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A lock out assembly for a circuit breaker which consists of a generally step-shaped unitary base with an aperture in the small portion of the step-shaped base and a roughly S shaped retaining pin which loops through the large portion of the step-shaped base. The lock out assembly is adapted to fit over a circuit breaker with the handle switch projecting through the aperture, and the retaining pin projecting into an opening of the handle switch, preventing removal.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We previously reported the identification of a new family of plant methyltransferases (MTs), named the SABATH family, that use S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) to methylate a carboxyl moiety or a nitrogen-containing functional group on a diverse array of plant compounds. The Arabidopsis genome alone contains 24 distinct SABATH genes. To identify the catalytic specificities of members of this protein family in Arabidopsis, we screened recombinantly expressed and purified enzymes with a large number of potential substrates. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana gene At3g44860 encodes a protein with high catalytic specificity towards farnesoic acid (FA). Under steady-state conditions, this farnesoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (FAMT) exhibits K{sub M} values of 41 and 71 {mu}M for FA and SAM, respectively. A three-dimensional model of FAMT constructed based upon similarity to the experimentally determined structure of Clarkia breweri salicylic acid methyltransferase (SAMT) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A generalized approach to the analysis of the effects of transmission line faults on natural gas transmission pipelines has been developed and is presented in this report. A state of the art user-friendly computational tool has been developed and verified for the analysis of interference between electrical power lines and nearby buried or above-ground pipelines. This computer program, ECCAPP, is distinguished by its ability to model and analyze accurately complex, realistic interactions between pipelines and power lines, using easily obtained input data. The final report consists of three volumes. An independent fourth volume was also developed to simplify the installation of the ECCAPP software. This report, volume 1, contains the theory upon which the ECCAPP computer program is based. A parametric analysis and graphical charts have been formulated using ECCAPP to permit estimates to be made in the field or during preliminary analyses for situations that are not ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The possible contribution of short rotation cultures (SRC) to carbon sequestration in both current and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations was investigated using the free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) technique. Three poplar species were grown in an SRC plantation for three growing seasons. Above-ground and below-ground biomass increased by 15 to 27 per cent and by 22 to 38 per cent, respectively; light-efficiency also increased as a result. Depletion of inorganic nitrogen from the soil increased after three growing seasons at elevated carbon dioxide levels, but carbon dioxide showed no effect on stem wood density. Stem wood density also differed significantly from species to species. These results confirmed inter-specific differences in biomass production in poplar, and demonstrated that elevated carbon dioxide enhanced biomass productivity and light-use efficiency of a poplar short rotation cultivation ecosystem without changing biomass allocation. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The uptake of "9"9Tc by trees intercepting contaminated groundwater from a radioactive waste storage site was measured to identify the major "9"9Tc pools within the woodland ecosystem and to assess the relative mobility of "9"9Tc in the existing element cycle. The highest average "9"9Tc concentrations in vegetation were found in herbaceous plants. Tree wood was the major above-ground pool for "9"9Tc because of the high concentrations in wood as well as the large amount of wood relative to other biomass at the site. Technetium was not easily leached from the trees by rainfall and was not readily extractable from forest floor leaf litter by water. The relative importance of return pathways for "9"9Tc to the forest floor was leaf fall > stemflow > throughfall, indicating that "9"9Tc was conserved by the trees. Snails and millipedes from the leaf litter layer concentrated technetium 20- and 16-fold, respectively, above levels found in the soil. Pertechnetate was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report addresses a Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) proposal to build a pulsed neutron source for simulating nuclear-weapons effects. A point design for the pulsed neutron facility was initiated early in FY94 after hosting a Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) panel review and after subsequently visiting several potential clients and users. The technical and facility designs contained herein fulfill the Statement of Work (SOW) agreed upon by LANL and DNA. However, our point designs and parametric studies identify a unique, cost-effective, above-ground capability for neutron nuclear-weapons-effects studies at threat levels. This capability builds on existing capital installations and infrastructure at LANL. We believe that it is appropriate for us, together with the DNA, to return to the user community and ask for their comments and critiques. We also realize that the requirements of last year have changed significantly. Therefore, the present report is a ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A robust technique for determining the principal axes of a 3D shape represented by a point set, possibly with noise, is presented. We use techniques from robust statistics to guide the classical...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An asymmetrical shaped capillary die made exclusively of graphite is used to grow silicon ribbon which is capable of being made into solar cells that are more efficient than cells produced from ribbon made using a symmetrically shaped die.

Science.gov (United States)

of increasing numbers of vortices as a function of the thickness. Vortices are these whirlpool shaped structures. They are interesting because they come paired with...

Science.gov (United States)

... joined together by a thin ribbon of glass that is bent into a frame shape in a prior operacion. The three glass pieces are ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Evidence for triaxial nuclear shapes from families of unique-parity states in transitional odd-A nuclei around mass A=190 and A=130 is reviewed. The experimental data are analysed within the odd-A triaxial core model. Regular two-dimensional band patterns are found in experiment and are shown to be a consequence of broken axial symmetry. Recent theoretical developments are discussed including the question of how stable the triaxial shapes are.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The nuclear shapes of transitional Mo isotopes are calculated by means of a model based on the cranking approximation and the Strutinksy method. The recent experimental results of the high-spin spectroscopy and lifetime measurement of "8"7Mo are studied in detail and explained by the evolution of the #gamma#-deformation with the quasiparticle configurations. The shape calculations with the modified-harmonic-oscillator potential give a critical neutron number N #>=# 47 for the spherical shape of the Mo isotopes. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Several recent studies have documented that non-human primates can individuate objects according to property and/or kind information in much the same way as human infants do from around one year of age when they begin to acquire language. Some studies suggest, however, that only some properties are used for the individuation of food items: color, but not shape. The present study investigated whether these findings reveal a true competence problem with shape properties in the food domain or whether they merely reveal a performance problem (e.g., lack of attention to shapes). We tested 25 great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas) in two food individuation tasks. We manipulated subjects? experience with differences in color and shape properties of food items. Results indicated (i) that a...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A focused ion beam (FIB) is used to accurately sculpt predetermined micron-scale, curved shapes in a number of solids. Using a digitally scanned ion beam system, various features are sputtered including hemispheres and sine waves having dimensions from 1-50 {micro}m. Ion sculpting is accomplished by changing pixel dwell time within individual boustrophedonic scans. The pixel dwell times used to sculpt a given shape are determined prior to milling and account for the material-specific, angle-dependent sputter yield, Y({theta}), as well as the amount of beam overlap in adjacent pixels. A number of target materials, including C, Au and Si, are accurately sculpted using this method. For several target materials, the curved feature shape closely matches the intended shape with milled feature depths within 5% of intended values.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents the results of a study of the Japanese MLU magnetic-levitation (maglev) system. The development of the MLU system is reviewed, and the dynamic circuit model then is introduced and applied to the figure-eight-shaped null-flux coil suspension system. Three different types of figure-eight-shaped null-flux suspension systems are discussed in detail: (1) the figure-eight-shaped null-flux coil suspension system without cross-connection; (2) the combined suspension and guidance system; and (3) the combined propulsion, levitation, and guidance system. The electrodynamic-suspension maglev systems developed in Japan seem to be very promising and could result in a commercial application in the near future.

CERN Document Server

We study suspensions of semi-flexible colloidal rods and biopolymers using an Onsager-type second-virial functional for a segmented-chain model. For suspensions of thin and thick fd virus particles we calculate phase diagrams in quantitative agreement with experimental observations, and we find their effective state-point dependent shape to be much shorter and thicker than the actual shape. We also calculate the stretching of worm-like micelles in a host fd virus solution, again finding agreement with experiments. For both systems, our results show that the fd virus stiffness can play a key role in system behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

single star evolution. To understand the evolution of massive stars and their role in shaping the galaxy, understanding of the distribution of ...

Science.gov (United States)

... WHS- Washington Headquarters Service. ... US Military (ie, Army, Navy, Air Force) service publications ... Strike Group to Fight in the Joint Task Force. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study some aspects of the experimental behaviour of tachyons, in particular by finding out their <> shape. A Superluminal particle, which in its own rest frame is spherical or ellipsoidal (and with an infinite lifetime), would <> to a laboratory frame as occupying the whole region of space bound by a double cone and a two sheeted hyperboloid. Such a structure (the tachyon <<shape>>) rigidly travels with the speed of the tachyon. However, if the Superluminal particle has a finite lifetime in its rest frame, then in the laboratory frame it gets a finite space extension. As a by-product, we are able to interpret physically the imaginary units entering - as is well known - the transverse co-ordinates in the Superluminal Lorentz transformations. The various particular or limiting cases of the tachyon shape are thoroughly considered. Finally, some brief considerations ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recent Kawasaki Steel's development on size and shape measurement techniques for hot steel rolling processes is reviewed. First, a precision enhancement technique for a laser distance meter is described, then its rugged structure necessary for measurement in such tough environment as hot rolling processes is described in detail. A plate length meters and an inter-stand sensors for a hot strip mill are shown as developed size measurement techniques. Furthermore, plate shape meters and laser profile gauges for H-beams are depicted as specific examples of shape measurement techniques. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This report discusses: shape coexistence in "1"8"4Pt; nuclear structure of "1"8"7Ir; g-factors of excited states; OLNO-2; and refrigerator development.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

English 1 Jul 1997 [vp.] United States McLaughlin, KW Yenen, O. Samson,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... brain take place. This highly plastic period offers the possibility for

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

During instrumentation of the root canal, it is important to develop a continuously tapered form and to maintain the original shape and position of the apical foramen. However, the presence of curvatures...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... implementation this might look like a new Developmental Counseling Form or Soldier Evaluation Report (SER) much like the OER/NCOER that will ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Residual plutonium (Pu), with trace quantities of depleted uranium (DU) or weapons grade uranium (WU), exists in surficial soils at the Nevada Test Site (NTS), Nellis Air Force Range (NAFR), and the Tonopah Test Range (TTR) as the result of the above-ground testing of nuclear weapons and special experiments involving the detonation of plutonium-bearing devices. The special experiments (referred to as safety shots) involving plutonium-bearing devices were conducted to study the behavior of Pu as it was being explosively compressed; ensure that the accidental detonation of the chemical explosive in a production weapon would not result in criticality; evaluate the ability of personnel to manage large-scale Pu dispersal accidents; and develop criteria for transportation and storage of nuclear weapons. These sites do not pose a health threat to either workers or the general public because they are under active institutional control. The DOE is committed to remediating ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Details of a novel intelligent pipeline anomaly location system were presented. The system was based on the emission and reception of extra low frequencies(ELF) disposed close to a pipeline that were then logged in the memory of an in-line inspection (ILI) tool to provide a more precise reference than time-based above-ground marker systems for the location of pipeline anomalies. The system consisted of 2 pairs of transmitter (TX) and receiving (RX) circuits working at low and varied frequencies. An additional module was installed in the front section of an ILI tool, which contained a frequency transmitter whose signals are transmitted through cabling to an external transmitter and retransmitted simultaneously to a receiver installed in the rear section of an additional module of the tool in order to guarantee that the signal recorded by the tool corresponded to the smart location system. The system was used to detect anomalies in a subsea pipeline near Rio de ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Computer simulations and experiments indicate that we can shape the infrared picosecond pulses of the Mark III FEL in amplitude, frequency, and phase. Strongly modulated fundamental and second harmonic pulses have been generated by operating the Mark III FEL in the regime of strong sideband growth. In this paper, we present the results of simulations and experiments for second harmonic generation with fundamental inputs from 2 to 3 {mu}m.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Large, complex, high purity ceramic shapes are required by a variety of emerging technologies for their electrical insulation and high temperature strength properties coupled with their refractoriness and purity. Ceramic sealant bonding, using crystalline and vitreous sealant materials, has recently shown significant potential for joining technical ceramics to form the required shapes. Materials and techniques for joining technical ceramics including alumina, magnesia, zirconia and thoria are discussed. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Photometric and kinematic observations of the peculiar S0 galaxy IC 4767, the X-galaxy, are presented. At various intensities the bulge of this galaxy looks like a normal spheroidal system with elliptical isophotes, a well-defined rectangle, and a peanut-shaped or X-shaped structure with components aligned at oblique angles to the major axis. The observations reveal a rapidly rotating inner disk of gas and dust which is nearly aligned with the major axis. The presence of gaseous emission alone suggests an accretion event. The stars in the outer regions of the X-component are rotating nearly as rapidly as the gas in the main disk, indicating that they are in relatively circular orbits. The five most prominent peanut-shaped bulges all have several nearby companions, evidence that the peanut deformity is due to interaction between galaxies. An analogy with the formation mechanism proposed for polar-ring galaxies suggests how ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Particle shape is an important parameter in numerous civil, environmental, and petroleum engineering applications. In ground-water flow, the shape of individual particles comprising the soil affects the soil`s pore size distribution and, hence, the important flow characteristics such as hydraulic conductivity and headloss. A model for delineating the relative importance of particle size, particle shape, and porosity, (and their interactions), in explaining the variability of hydraulic conductivity of a granular porous medium is developed and tested. Three types of porous media are considered in this work: spherical glass beads; granular sand; and irregularly shaped, shredded glass particles. A reliable method for quantifying the three-dimensional shape and packing of large samples of irregular particles based on their angle of repose is presented. The results of column experiments ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper tests the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for four local (SOx, NOx, CO, VOC) and two global (CO2, GHG) air pollutants. Using a new panel data set of thirty OECD countries, the paper finds that the postulated inverted U-shaped relationship between income and pollution does not hold for all gases. A meaningful Environmental Kuznets Curve exists only for CO, VOC and NOx, where for CO2 the curve is monotonically increasing. For GHG there is indication of an inverted U-shaped relationship between income and pollution, but still most countries are on the increasing path of the curve and hence the future development of the curve is uncertain. For SOx it was found that emissions follow an U-shaped curve. Based on the empirical results, the paper concludes that the Environmental Kuznets Curve does not hold for all gases, it is rather an empirical artefact than a regularity.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The detection of explosives is a notoriously difficult problem, especially at stand-off distances, due to their (generally) low vapor pressure, environmental and matrix interferences, and packaging. We are exploring optimal dynamic detection to exploit the best capabilities of recent advances in laser technology and recent discoveries in optimal shaping of laser pulses for control of molecular processes to significantly enhance the standoff detection of explosives. The core of the ODD-Ex technique is the introduction of optimally shaped laser pulses to simultaneously enhance sensitivity of explosives signatures while reducing the influence of noise and the signals from background interferents in the field (increase selectivity). These goals are being addressed by operating in an optimal nonlinear fashion, typically with a single shaped laser pulse inherently containing within it coherently locked control and probe ...

Science.gov (United States)

Ni-free shape memory alloys are promising functional materials for medical applications. A newly developed Ti-Mo based shape memory alloy shows superelasticity after thermomechanical treatment. However, the microstructure evolution and precipitation during thermomechanical processes are still not well understood. In the present paper, compressive deformation behavior at a series of temperatures of 298K - 973K and tensile deformation behavior of the alloy after aged at 573K - 973K have been investigated systematically. It is found that the compressive yield stress and ultimate compressive strength change with the deformation temperature. The ultimate tensile strength and yield stress of aged specimens also change with the aging temperature following a non-linear relationship. Microstructures of aged specimens as well as effects of lattice softening and aging-induced precipitates on the deformation behavior have been investigated and discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The talk will focus on spin-dependent competition between oblate and prolate shape minima in the potential energy landscape of "1"8"0Hf (the most neutron-rich stable isotope), mediated via the alignment of valence nucleons. Results of a prompt spectroscopic study, using deep inelastic reactions with Gammasphere and CHICO, bombarding a thin "2"3"2Th target with a "1"8"0Hf beam #approx#25% above the Coulomb barrier, will be presented. Nucleon alignments in both prolate and oblate minima will be discussed, as well as the favoring of oblate collective rotation at high spins, observed through a mixing with gamma vibrations built on the prolate shape.

Science.gov (United States)

... s the matter with Kansas?Legislative debates over stem cell research in Kansas and MassachusettsBonnie StabileSchool of Public Policy, ... examines the contextual factors shaping legislative debates affec...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Auditory neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) respond preferentially to sounds from restricted directions to form a map of auditory space. The development of this representation is shaped...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundEpidemiological studies have shown a J- or U-shaped relation between alcohol and type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). The underlying mechanisms are not clear....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Summary of recent advances (abstract)Nucleic acid-based nanotechnology has always been perceived as novel, but has begun to move from theoretical demonstrations to practical applications....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

• Background and Aims Development and architecture of plant roots are regulated by phytohormones. Cytokinin (CK), synthesized in the root cap, promotes cytokinesis, vascular...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The flow of water through a dam of fairly arbitrary shape is examined in the limit of large frictional drag on the flow. The relation of the problem to the one-phase Stefan problem and a problem of anodic smoothing is explored. Monotonicity and uniqueness...

CERN Document Server

'Trojan horses', 'logic bombs', 'armoured viruses' and 'cryptovirology' are terms recalling war gears. In fact, concepts of attack and defence drive the world of computer virology, which looks like a war universe in an information society. This war has several shapes, from invasions of a network by worms, to military and industrial espionage ...

Science.gov (United States)

A reactor was proposed in which the breeder mantel would consist of a charge of homogeneous cast breeder elements, so that the breeder element has the same shape as the fuel elements. By this method it would be possible to use the breeder element after its irradiation immediately for the charging of the fuel elements.

Science.gov (United States)

A feasibility study to determine what materials and geometric systems would be required for fabrication of a camouflage system that would instantaneously cover a military vehicle in order to disrupt its characteristic shape or outline. The program involve...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Sensory experience plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal shape and in developing synaptic contacts during brain formation. These features are required for a neuron to receive, integrate, and transmit...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The supersymmetry in quantum mechanics and shape invariance condition are applied as an algebraic method to solving the Dirac-Coulomb problem. The ground state and the excited states are investigated via new generalized ladder operators. (author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The binding of amphiphilic molecules to lipid bilayers is followed by ¹⁹F NMR using chemical shift and line shape differences between the solution and membrane-tethered states of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundVascular stents are small tubular scaffolds used in the treatment of arterial stenosis (narrowing of the vessel). Most vascular stents are metallic and are deployed either...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The cell is modeled as an ellipsoid with shell and the surface stress distribution calculated by means of the Maxwell Stress Tensor. The cell membrane is treated as incompressible material having both bending and shear energies of deformation. Employing the principle of virtual work, cell volume (and hence shape) is computed as a function of the external field strength and orientation with respect to the field. The following results were obtained: (1) The surface stresses that develop or the cell membrane are distributed having both normal and tangential components that act together to produce a rounding of the cell. (2) If the tangential component of the stress is ignored, then higher field strengths are needed to produce similar deformation (shape change) of cells. (3) The threshold value of the applied field, i.e, the field strength at which the volume (shape) of the cell changes abruptly, occurs at approximately 55V/cm. ...

CERN Document Server

A Langmuir film is a molecularly thin film on the surface of a fluid; we study the evolution of a Langmuir film with two co-existing fluid phases driven by an inter-phase line tension and damped by the viscous drag of the underlying subfluid. Experimentally, we study an 8CB Langmuir film via digitally-imaged Brewster Angle Microscopy (BAM) in a four-roll mill setup which applies a transient strain and images the response. When a compact domain is stretched by the imposed strain, it first assumes a bola shape with two tear-drop shaped reservoirs connected by a thin tether which then slowly relaxes to a circular domain which minimizes the interfacial energy of the system. We process the digital images of the experiment to extract the domain shapes. We then use one of these shapes as an initial condition for the numerical solution of a boundary-integral model of the underlying hydrodynamics and compare the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An unexpectedly high probability of collisions between the fission particles and the atoms in an ionization chamber along the entire particle track causes a strong fluctuation of the shapes of the Bragg curves. This fluctuation imposes an upper limit of the charge resolution ..delta..Z/Z which can be achieved.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A pneumatic device is in the form of a U-shaped frame, on which a prong is attached by using two pairs of levers. It also has a hydraulic or pneumatic cyclinder, whose rod is connected to one of the pairs of levers. All connections are hinges.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gas-fired combined cycle plant may be the norm when it comes to new plant but it comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. Samarinda uses aero-derivatives with the famous Rolls-Royce RB211 gas generator. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A simple formulation is presented for torsion analysis of hollow tubes with polygonal shapes. Thicknesses of segments of cross section can be different. Governing equations in term of Prandtl's stress function are used to derive the formulas. The derived formulas are so simple that computations can be carried out with a pocket calculator. Several examples are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the formulation. The obtained results are verified by accurate finite element solutions. It will be seen that the derived formulas can be useful for analysis of thin-walled and moderately thick-walled hollow tubes.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

HgTe rod-shape composed of crystalline particles has been prepared by a hydrothermal method, and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transition electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of capping agents, reductants, reaction temperatures, and reaction times on crystal structures and shapes of HgTe have been investigated. The results showed that the CTAB as capping agent plays a crucial role in the hydrothermal process. The synthesis procedure is simple and uses less toxic reagents than the previously reported methods.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A computerised glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) analysis was applied to the main dosimetric peak of #alpha#-Al_2O_3:C in order to study the effects of light on the glow curve shape. It was shown that both the light-induced signal and the light-induced fading effects tend to shift the main dosimetric peak to higher temperatures and at the same time change its shape. Furthermore it was confirmed that the magnitude of the light-induced signal depends on radiation history and, by increasing the duration of light exposure, the magnitude of the light-induced signal reaches a plateau, thereby implying the saturation of the phototransfer process. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aluminium-lithium extrusions possess high inhomogeneity of properties across the cross section. Mechanical properties such as R{sub p0,2}, R{sub m} and hardness, but also fatigue properties, change their value in dependence with the cross section position where test specimens were taken. Positions, where extreme values of properties are measured, are characteristic for a given extrusion shape. The positions with different properties have different structure and texture. Properties and structure inhomogeneity is affected mainly by extrusion shape and heat treatment parameters. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

Unsteady impinging jets are systematically controlled with respect to their time dependence in order to investigate the influence of unsteadiness on the heat transfer performance. This is achieved by a special mass flow control device, which allows almost arbitrary shapes of unsteadiness to be imposed onto the impinging jet. Three different standard signals (sinusoidal, triangular, rectangular) and two specially designed signals are applied and their influence on heat transfer is determined in terms of an enhancement factor. Heat transfer augmentation up to 30% was found and could be physically explained with the help of PIV and hot-wire measurements of the flow field.

Science.gov (United States)

Our long-term goal is to enable highly productive plant species to extract, resist, detoxify, and/or sequester toxic heavy metal pollutants as an environmentally friendly alternative to physical remediation methods. We have focused this phytoremediation research on soil and water-borne ionic and methylmercury. Mercury pollution is a serious world-wide problem affecting the health of human and wild-life populations. Methylmercury, produced by native bacteria at mercury-contaminated wetland sites, is a particularly serious problem due to its extreme toxicity and efficient biomagnification in the food chain. We engineered several plant species (e.g., Arabidopsis, tobacco, canola, yellow poplar, rice) to express the bacterial genes, merB and/or merA, under the control of plant regulatory sequences. These transgenic plants acquired remarkable properties for mercury remediation. (1) Transgenic plants expressing merB (organomercury lyase) extract methylmercury from their growth substrate and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recently, the development of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators, in the forms of wire, thin film and stent have been found increasingly in the fields of materials science and smart structures and engineering. The increase in attraction for using these materials is due to their many unique materials, mechanical, thermal and thermal-mechanical properties, which in turn, evolve their subsequent shape memory, pseudo-elasticity and super-elasticity properties. In this paper, a common type of SMA actuator, Nitinol wires, were embedded into advanced composite structures to modulate the structural dynamic responses, in terms of natural frequency and damping ratio by using its shape memory and pseudo-elastic properties. A simple theoretical model is introduced to estimate the natural frequency of the structures before and after actuating the embedded SMA wires. The damping ratios of different SMA composite beams were measured ...

CERN Document Server

We present a kinematic diagnostic for peanut-shaped bulges in nearly face-on galaxies. The face-on view provides a novel perspective on peanuts which would allow study of their relation to bars and disks in greater detail than hitherto possible. The diagnostic is based on the fact that peanut shapes are associated with a flat density distribution in the vertical direction. We show that the kinematic signature corresponding to such a distribution is a minimum in the fourth-order Gauss-Hermite moment $s_4$. We demonstrate our method on $N$-body simulations of varying peanut strength, showing that strong peanuts can be recognized to inclinations $i \\simeq 30\\degrees$, regardless of the strength of the bar. We also consider compound systems in which a bulge is present in the initial conditions as may happen if bulges form at high redshift through mergers. We show that in this case, because the vertical structure of the bulge is not derived from ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The synthesis of narrowly dispersed nanocrystalline TiO_2 was investigated with a surfactant aided solvothermal synthetic method in toluene solutions. When a sufficient amount of titanium isopropoxide, Ti[OCH(CH_3)_2]_4 (TIP), was added to the solution, the shapes of TiO_2 nanoparticles changed from spheres to rods. The aggregated microstructures of the nano-sized TiO_2 in systems of spheres, rods, and mixtures of spheres and rods was studied using TEM. The morphological shape of the aggregation was described in terms of the fractal dimensions. We used a box-counting method to get the fractal dimension of these systems. The fitted fractal dimensions for spheres, sphere/rod mixtures, and rods are D = 1.54, D = 1.81, and D = 1.89, respectively. The fractal dimension changed from 1.54 to 1.9 with the TIP/toluene ratio, indicating that the growth mechanism for aggregations showed different behaviors.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recent research has shown that biologically inspired approaches to materials synthesis and self-assembly, hold promise of unprecedented atomic level control of structure and interfaces. In particular, the use of organic molecules to control the production of inorganic technological materials has the potential for controlling grain structure to enhance material strength; controlling facet expression for enhanced catalytic activity; and controlling the shape of nanostructured materials to optimize optical, electrical and magnetic properties. In this work, we use organic molecules to modify silver crystal shapes towards understanding the metal-organic interactions that lead to nanoparticle shape control. Using in situ electrochemical AFM (EC-AFM) as an in situ probe, we study the influence of a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylamminobromide (CTAB) on Ag growth during electrochemical deposition on Ag(100). The results show ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Background: the authors report on the conception and first clinical application of a donut-shaped high-dose configuration for proton therapy (PT). This approach allows one to intensify target volume dose coverage for targets encompassing a critical, dose-limiting structure - like here, the cauda equina -, whilst delivering minimal dose to other healthy structures surrounding the target, thereby reducing the integral dose. Methods and results: intensity-modulated PT methods (IMPT) for spot scanning were applied to create and deliver a donut-shaped high-dose configuration with protons, allowing treating > 75% of the target with at least 95% of the prescribed dose of 72.8 CGE, whilst restricting dose to the cauda equina to 60-65 CGE. Integral dose was lower by a factor of 3.3 as compared to intensity-modulated radiotherapy with photons (IMXT). Conclusion: IMPT and spot scanning technology allow a potentially clinically useful approach which ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Relativistic electron beams are used for generating high power microwaves. These microwave sources require electron beam generators spanning significant ranges in voltage and impedance. The pulsed power technology used to generate these electron beams is presented. Electron beam generators that produce beams with pulse durations in the 10-ns to 100-ns regime consist of an energy-storage section, pulse-shaping section, and an electron beam diode. The energy-storage section is either a Marx generator or capacitor bank-pulsed transformer. The pulse shaping is done with high-voltage transmission lines. The electron beam diode is usually a cold-cathode, space-charge-limited flow device. For longer pulses (/approximately/1 ..mu..s) the energy storage and pulse chaping can be combined. Lumped-element pulse-forming networks (PFN) can be designed to produce the desired pulse shape. The Marx generator becomes one of the elements of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Acrylonitrile electropolymerization (in an aprotic and anhydrous medium) has been used as a way to build thin, homogeneous and covering polyacrylonitrile layers grafted on the surface of usual metals and specially on copper-based shape memory alloy: Cu-Zn-Al. The results of the study first confirm the possibility of grafting thin and covering polyacrylonitrile layers on Cu-Zn-Al surface. The morphology of the films however is influenced by the geometry of the polycristalline structure of the alloy and its superficial defects. Samples obtained after grafting polyacrylonitrile films were submitted to corrosion tests based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in a NaCl/H{sub 2}O medium. Results show that some post-treatments of the grafted films are necessary to improve their protective role, while preserving the strong interfacial bondings. Actually, thermal and mechanical cycling of the shape memory alloy covered by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Most countries have taken the vitrification route for managing High Level Waste (HLW). Depending on composition of site-specific HLW, suitable glass forming oxides are added to it in a melting furnace designed for converting the mixture to a matrix of borosilicate glass. After thorough homogenization, the product is poured into stainless steel canisters as an inert solidified form. Canisters are seal welded and 2-3 such containers are then packed and sealed in another bigger container for providing an additional engineered barrier. This product form is considered safe for long-term storage. The concurrent vitrification technologies employ either induction-heated metallic melters or joule-heated direct resistance-heated ceramic melters. In India, both technologies have been adopted. While older facilities in Trombay and Tarapur employ metallic melters, a retrofitted facility at Tarapur and the new plant at Kalpakkam are based on ceramic melter operations. Compared to the ceramic ...

CERN Document Server

This research will be helpful for people to display the 2-dimensiona projective models of 4-variable actual problems in many fields, in order to investigate deeply those actual problems. By using the theory of N-dimensional finite rotation group of the regular polytopes, the author established the 2-dimensional projective model of 4-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, and deduced a transformation matrix, and adopt it to display successfully the 2-dimensional overall shapes of two most complicated regular polytopes 120-Cell and 600-Cell. In the meantime, the author calculated all the vertex coordinates and determine the joint relationships between adjacent vertices of the regular polytopes 120-Cell and 600-Cell. Also, this provided a pattern for displaying the 2-dimensional projective model of 4-variable actual problem.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effects of the heating rate from 0.6 up to 50{sup o}C.s{sup -1} on the thermoluminescence of {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}:C are very intensive. The material rapidly loses its high sensitivity as the heating rate increases. The peak shape characteristics, peak maximum and full width at half maximum agree only qualitatively with those theoretically predicted. The trapping parameters calculated by the curve fitting method, the peak shape method, the variable heating rate method and the initial rise method, were found to decrease as the heating rate increases. The validity of the results are discussed in the framework of the kinetic models. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As the ground state potential curve is strongly related to spectral line shapes, the minumum position of the ground state potential is obtained from the experiemental absorption profile k({delta}{nu}, T) at high density of the radiating atoms. The temperature dependence of the absorption processes of Hg and Cd lines 253.65 and 326.1 nm, respectively perturbed by inert gases (Xe, Kr, Ar and Ne) had been carefully studied over a wide spectral range. Using the point of the maximum temperature dependence {delta}{nu} {sub m} in each case, we are able to calculate the position of the ground state potential R {sub m} using a simple formula.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Insect attraction to host plants may be partly mediated by visual stimuli. In the present study, the responses of adult Hycleus apicicornis (Gur.) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) to plant models of different colours, different combinations of two colours, or three hues of blue of different shapes are compared. Single-colour models comprised the colours sky blue, bright green, yellow, red, white and black. Sky blue (reflecting light in the 440-500 nm region) is the most attractive, followed by white, which reflects light over a broader range (400-700 nm). On landing on sky blue targets, beetles exhibit feeding behaviour immediately. When different hues of blue (of different shapes) are compared, sky blue is preferred over turquoise, followed by dark blue, indicating that H. apicicornis is more attra...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In connection with the different cyclical strengths of the two-phase (#alpha# + #beta#) titanium alloy in the case of the acicular and rounded formations of the #alpha#-phase, we have studied, employing the X-ray diffraction method, the phase composition of the alloy and the influence of heat treatment upon it. Using the method of electronic fractography, we examined the fractures in samples destroyed by the asymmetric twisting, in order to find out why the durability of the alloy is dependent upon the #alpha# - phase structure. It has been found that in the BT22 alloy, the decay the #beta#-phase may proceed in two ways; either with the formation of the martensite #alpha#'-phase of the acicular shape or with the separation of the non-martensite round-shaped #alpha#-phase. The character of the phase transformations #beta# - #alpha# or #beta#-#alpha#' is, to a considerable extent, the conseguence of the prehystory of the alloy and is dependent ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Transmission electron microscopy studies on solution-annealed Alloy 800 revealed small (100-200 nm), spherical-shaped titanium carbide (face centered cubic structure) and large (200 nm-5 #mu#m), faceted titanium nitride (hexagonal structure) particles randomly distributed in the austenite matrix. The volume fraction of former particles was found to be greater than that of the latter. Corrosion studies of the alloy in acidic, chlorides and acidic chloride environments at room temperature indicated that the passivity of Alloy 800 was adversely affected by the addition Cl"- ions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the surface film formed on the alloy at the onset of passivity consisted of Cr"3"+ (as Cr_2O_3), without any Fe"3"+/Fe"2"+ or Ni"2"+. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated initiation of pitting at large, faceted particles, not at small, spherical-shaped ones.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: To enable the solidification of liquid waste containing radioactive substance in a free shape with large volume reduction ratio without a pulverizing step by producing solute in the liquid waste as a slurry in a predetermined organic solvent and forming it into a cake by mechanical exfoliation. Method: Liquid waste containing suitably concentrated radioactive substances is supplied to a centrifugal thin film evaporator together with an organic agent having a higher boiling point than water and a non aqueous solution to evaporate the water content, the solute in the waste is produced as a slurry in the organic solvent, and removed as cake-state solute slightly residued with the organic solvent by the mechanical exfoliation such as centrifugal exfoliation or settling exfoliation from the slurry-state liquid. Accordingly, it can be increased in size as compared with the powder reduced in volume of the radioactive liquid waste, and can be solidified in free ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this paper we focus on appearance features describing the manual component of Sign Language particularly the Local Binary Patterns. We compare the performance of these features with geometric moments describing the trajectory and shape of hands. Since the non-manual component is also very important for sign recognition we localize facial landmarks via Active Shape Model combined with Landmark detector that increases the robustness of model fitting. We test the recognition performance of individual features and their combinations on a database consisting of 11 signers and 23 signs with several repetitions. Local Binary Patterns outperform the geometric moments. When the features are combined we achieve a recognition rate up to 99.75% for signer dependent tests and 57.54% for signer indep...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Field-annealed Co-based amorphous ribbon (Metglas? 2705M) with a meander structure is fabricated by MEMS technology and the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effects are studied at different magnetic fields and frequencies. The maximum longitudinal GMI ratio of the ribbon is 193.7% and the magnetic field sensitivity is 17.4%/Oe. The maximum GMI ratio of the meander ribbon is much larger than the single strip ribbon mainly due to the larger change ratio of inductance L. The sensitivity of an output U reach up to 10 V/A and U thermal fluctuation is less than 15 mV in the temperature range of ?20 to 40?C. This meander shape ribbon can be considered as a good candidate for the GMI-based sensor fabrication.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The Kyoto Protocol attempts through political negotiations to guide participating industrialized countries' greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a positive growing trend, to reach a peak point (or turning point), and then be reduced to a negative growth. That means the relationship between decreasing GHG emissions and economic growth may be described by an inverted-U curve (or called a bell-shaped curve), which is consistent with the concept of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis.This research observed that the economic development and GHG emissions in Economies in Transition (EITs) exhibit a hockey-stick curve trend (or called quasi-L-shape curve), that also generates a lot of "hot air" which is significant to the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, through the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recently several investigators reported on various means of generating cold plasma jets at atmospheric pressure. More interestingly, these jets turned out to be not continuous plasmas but trains of small high velocity plasma packets/bullets. However, until now little is known of the nature of these 'bullets'. Here we present experimental insights into the physical and chemical characteristics of bullets. We show that their time of initiation, their velocity and the distance they travel are directly dependent on the value of the applied voltage. We also show that these bullets can be controlled by the application of an external electric field. Using an intensified charge coupled device camera we report on their geometrical shape, which was revealed to be 'donut' shaped, therefore giving an indication that solitary surface ionization waves may be responsible for the creation of these bullets. In addition, using emission spectroscopy, we follow ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

According to the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, the relationship between per-capita GDP and per-capita pollutant emissions has an inverted-U shape. This implies that, past a certain point, economic growth may actually be profitable for environmental quality. Most studies on this subject are based on estimating fully parametric quadratic or cubic regression models. While this is not technically wrong, such an approach somewhat lacks flexibility since it may fail to detect the true shape of the relationship if it happens not to be of the specified form. We use semiparametric and flexible nonlinear parametric modeling methods in an attempt to provide more robust inferences. We find little evidence in favour of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Our main results could be inte...

Science.gov (United States)

The purpose of this study is to search for a new method of dispersing spilled heavy oil, which has a detrimental effect on the natural environment and marine ecosystem. A method ejecting a waterjet vertically downward to heavy oil on the water surface was studied, particularly focusing on the effect of the guide nozzle shape. The waterjet comprised heavy oil and minute air bubbles, and passed through the hole of the guide nozzle. Thirteen guide nozzle shapes were tested and compared. The dispersion efficiency of a tapered hole was the best among the 13 nozzles. The flow in the hole of the guide nozzles was recorded by a high-speed video camera. The occurrence of two flows, regular and counter flows, was observed in the taper guide nozzle. It seemed that the counter flows generated the shearing force between the waterjet and the heavy oil layer. It is considered that the shearing force determines the surplus efficiency of disperse.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Direct Flame Impingement involves the use of an array of very high-velocity flame jets impinging on a work piece to rapidly heat the work piece. The predominant mode of heat transfer is convection. Because of the locally high rate of heat transfer at the surface of the work piece, the refractory walls and exhaust gases of a DFI furnace are significantly cooler than in conventional radiant heating furnaces, resulting in high thermal efficiency and low NOx emissions. A DFI furnace is composed of a successive arrangement of heating modules through or by which the work piece is conveyed, and can be configured for square, round, flat, and curved metal shapes (e.g., billets, tubes, flat bars, and coiled bars) in single- or multi-stranded applications.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We report a solution-phase synthetic route to copper nanoparticles with controllable size and shape. The synthesis of the nanoparticles is achieved by the reduction of copper(II) salt in aqueous solution with hydrazine under air atmosphere in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as capping agent. The results suggest that the pH plays a key role for the formation of pure copper nanoparticles, whereas the concentration of PAA is important for controlling the size and geometric shape of the nanoparticles. The average size of the copper nanoparticles can be varied from 30 to 80 nm, depending on the concentration of PAA. With a moderate amount of PAA, faceted crystalline copper nanoparticles are obtained. The as-synthesized copper nanoparticles appear red in color and are stable for weeks, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The shape and magnitude of the electrical resistivity [rho]([ital T]) is analyzed for four intermetallic compounds, and electron-phonon coupling constants [lambda] are extracted. ReO[sub 3] is particularly interesting because a sharp departure from the Bloch-Grueneisen shape can be attributed to high-frequency optical vibrations. The [lambda] values for the oxide metals seem too large to be consistent with the absence of superconductivity, but the results generally agree well with a conventional Fermi-liquid interpretation. The Hall coefficient [ital R][sub [ital H

CERN Document Server

Prompted by work on the buckling instability in barred spiral galaxies, much effort has been devoted lately to the study of boxy/peanut-shaped (B/PS) bulges. Here, we present new bar diagnostics for edge-on spiral galaxies based on periodic orbits calculations and hydrodynamical simulations. Both approaches provide reliable ways to identify bars and their orientations in edge-on systems. We also present the results of an observational search for bars in a large sample of edge-on spirals with and without B/PS bulges. We show that most B/PS bulges are due to the presence of a thick bar viewed edge-on while only a few may be due to accretion. This strongly supports the bar-buckling mechanism for the formation of B/PS bulges.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Bacterial cellulose produced by the gram-negative bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinum was found to be an excellent native starting material for preparing shaped ultra-lightweight cellulose aerogels. The procedure comprises thorough washing and sterilization of the aquogel, quantitative solvent exchange and subsequent drying with supercritical carbon dioxide at 40 degreeC and 100 bar. The average density of the obtained dry cellulose aerogels is only about 8 mg cm-3 which is comparable to the most lightweight silica aerogels and distinctly lower than all values for cellulosic aerogels obtained from plant cellulose so far. SEM, ESEM and nitrogen adsorption experiments at 77 K reveal an open-porous network structure that consists of a comparatively high percentage of large mesopores and small...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors have been developing a 3D brain CT image display system for planning of craniofacial operations. This system helps doctors plan craniofacial operations on a graphic display (GD) terminal by rendering 3D images reconstructed from a set of slices. The authors reveal how the system generates 3D shapes of organs from given CT images and how it modifies or transforms the obtained shapes according to the user's request. The system functions now available are extraction and display of the skull and the skin, measurement of the distance between two points on the skull given through the GD terminal, and generating and eliminating a polygonal region arbitrarily given on the skull as an operative region. (Auth.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper examines why ship shaped floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) systems have been selected for the first two developments on Foinaven and Schiehallion fields in West of Shetland operated by BP Exploration. An overview of the concepts considered for the deepwater harsh environment is made against the business objectives and reservoir conditions which are the primary drivers behind development concept selection. Discussion of technical issues for a range of concepts are held on schedule, construction, installation, safety, flexibility to production throughput, capital and operating costs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Spider venoms provide a highly valuable source of peptide toxins that act on a wide diversity of membrane-bound receptors and ion channels. In this work, we report isolation, biochemical analysis, and...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Small-scale methods for determining the reaction rates of explosives that make it possible to predict safe temperatures for using them, and methods for testing the accuracy of these predictions were developed. Each different size and shape of each different explosive has its own critical temperature. The ability to predict these critical temperatures is required before high-energy materials can be used safely.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The South China Sea is an area of disputes on sovereignty and resource jurisdiction claims. As one of the six claimants, the Republic of China (Taiwan) has played an important role not only because it is the originator of the U-shaped lines, but also it has continuously occupied the largest island, Tai-Ping-Dao, in the Spratlys. This article reviews the ROC's position on the issues through an exploration of its maritime claims to the territorial sea, continental shelf, and exclusive economic zone.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The behaviour of an elastomeric seal for vehicle brake Tandem master cylinder is measured and analyzed in temperature and brake fluids changed. Working conditions are simulated for different piston rod velocity and cylinder supply pressure, in temperature rising, brakefluid boundary and Nanoaluminum oxide brakefluid oxide brakefluid lubrication. The result shows that Nanoaluminum oxide brakefluid with its ball shape can highly reduce friction coefficient to avoid seal excessive wear and reduce slick slip in brake applications.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

When steam generator tube denting was identified, steps were taken to retard the rate of corrosion and to develop corrective measures if possible. Techniques were developed to determine the exact shapes of the tubes, and procedures were devised to analyze resulting strain and operating stresses. Tube plugging criteria were established, and in twelve years of operation, there has been only one instance of a forced outage due to a tube leak.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A numerically feasible method, based on the use of deformed phonons, is developed for the diagonalization of the collective quadrupole Hamiltonian for a system with an odd particle coupled to an anharmonic even core. Examples: the transition from prolate to oblate via #gamma#-unstable shapes and furthermore the hsub(9/2) spectra of the nuclei "1"8"7Ir and "1"9"7Tl. (Auth.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Main results are summarised for a project carried out with the aim of increasing the knowledge of relations between handling characeristics and properties such as moisture content, particle size and shape etc. Handling characteristics that were studied: angle of repose, friction between fuel and different surfaces, the fuel`s tendency to bridge across openings, and its freezing characteristics. Some forty solid biomass fuels were studied, mainly wood fuels, with particle sized from 1 to 200 mm. New methods were developed for measurement of bridging across openings and freezing characeristics. The angle of repose varied between 25 and 55 deg. The particle shape had a significant influence, a high ratio of length/thickness gave a high angle of repose. When the fuel moisture content was increased the angle of repose first increased, then decreased, and finally increased again. The particle size had no influence. The friction depended more on the ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An e.p.r. spectrum of the reduced form of the electron-transport component (X), thought to be the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem I, was obtained. By using line-shape simulations of this component...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The reconstruction of steel lining of the FFTF reactor building is described. The cold part of the lining has a simple structure and represents a steel sheet of 6.35 mm thickness welded to I-shaped imbedded in concrete, the hot part is meant for resisting the hot sodium contacting with it. The reconstruction has been reduced to the substitution of usual lining, the sheets of which are fixed in such a way that dangerous strains in metal arising at evaporation are excluded by the new structure admitting sheet deformation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Focused ion beam (FIB) systems prove to be useful precision micromachining tools for a wide variety of applications. This micromachining technique includes scanning ion microscopy (SIM), micromachining by physical sputtering, and the ion-beam induced surface chemistry for etching and deposition. This technique is applied to image and modify IC's, to micromechanical applications, to modify the tip shape of tungsten emitters, and to prepare cross sections of selected regions for inspection in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A mathematical and physical model was constructed describing the hydrodynamics of the two-phase mixture in the horizontal steam generator. The HP 9830 A desk-top calculator was used for the computations. The output variable of the solution was the level shape. A quantitative and qualitative comparison was made of the results of computations and experimental data. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

Neutron scattering techniques have been used to measure the static structure and magnetic excitations in amorphous magnets. Sum rules and computer models are used to discuss the relationship between the static disorder and the shape of the excitation spectrum. Polarized beam measurements of chi''(Q,E) are compared to analytical theories and computer calculations for the magnetic excitations in amorphous ferromagnets.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

X-ray scattering methods suitable for the investigation of the morphology and chemical composition of self-organized quantum dots and quantum wires are reviewed. Their application is demonstrated in experimental examples showing that a combination of small angle X-ray scattering with high-resolution X-ray diffraction can reveal both the shape and the chemical composition of the self-organized objects. (author)

Wastenet

... (restricted)] 98-118 Oil prices and competitiveness: time series evidence from six oil-producing countries by Mohammad R. Jahan-Parvar & Hassan Mohammadi [Downloadable! (restricted)] 2008, Volume 35, Issue 6 444-485 The S-shaped labor supply schedule: evidence from industrialized countries by Maryke ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The governor model is extended to include the asymmetric shape of nuclei which allows a simultaneous analysis of the data for both the ground state and the #gamma#-vibrational bands in deformed even-even nuclei. The rotationally invariant core is assumed to be a spheroid with an axis of symmetry parallel to the axis of rotation. The calculations are carried out under the assumption of no stretching. The static #gamma#-deformation results are compared with the VMI(ARM) and Krutov values, and the calculated energies are in good agreement with the experimental data.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Natural radioactive materials were used for detector calibration. We found that KCl is a very suitable material for this purpose. The efficiency curve shape was derived by using #gamma# ray lines of "2"1"4Bi normalised using a known quantity of KCl in the same geometry. The best fit was found by the least squares method. The summing correction coefficients for "2"1"4Bi are determined. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A 5.76 MeV alpha-particle group has been observed in Am and Bk sources separated from a CERN W target. The data are interpreted due to the production of long-lived isomeric states in /sup 236/Am and /sup 236/Bk which decay to /sup 236/Pu. The possibility of high spin states as well as of shape isomeric states is raised.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease characterized by a high variability of disease severity and outcome that points to the role of environmental factors and modulating genes that shape the course...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The motivation for this design study has been to identify magnet designs for useful magnetic fusion experiments which minimize capital cost. Some possibly useful novel design features have been identified. 5 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maintaining uniformity of properties over long distances is one of the fabrication problems encountered with the new high {Tc} superconductors. Uniform properties are crucial in long tapes or wires with high critical current since local nonuniformities can limit the current carrying capacity of the whole piece. Transport critical currents in high {Tc} superconductors are conventionally measured with the contact 4-point probe DC current-voltage technique. This technique requires contact with the sample and and spatially averages over the region between the two voltage contacts. Two techniques have been used to infer the critical state model. The first uses the net magnetization of a suitably shaped sample in an external magnetic field. The second combines a DC magnetic field with AC induced currents to infer spatial flux profiles. The AC magnetization technique offers an advantage in that it is noncontacting; however, it also averages the measurement over a large ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The invention concerns a container for the long term storage of irradiated nuclear reactor fuel elements, which consists mainly of a basic body, at least one lid and an outside ring shaped lid tightening device, which acts on the basic body and the lid and holds the contact surface of the lid tight against the contact surface of the basic body, where the basic body, lid and the lid tightening device consist of corrosion-proof materials. (orig./HP).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Critical power characteristics of tight lattice rod assembly was investigated using a simple-shaped experimental apparatus. An electrically heated rod with four spacers was placed in a circular tube, and boiling transition condition for a rod in an annular geometry was clarified varing annulus clearance. It was found that critical heat flux depends strongly on the clearance accoding as the gap becomes smaller. This results was compared with KfK correlation and the trends were well correlated. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We propose a system for the on-line monitoring of short and medium term radioactive waste repositories. Such a system is distributed, fine-grained, robust, reliable, and must be based on low-cost components. It could, in principle, open new perspectives on the modality of waste packaging and storage. In particular we propose to employ a new family of cheap and powerful micro sensors to be placed in shape of a fine grid around each single drum. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A large-acceptance Bragg curve spectrometer with a longitudinal electron collection field and a segmented anode has been constructed and tested. The effects on the charge resolution of the entrance angle and entrance position of the incident particle have been studied. Simulations have been done in order to isolate the contribution to the overall detector performance of the signal-shaping electronics from that of the intrinsic design of the detector. ((orig.))

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The electronic structure of UPd_3 has been determined by means of XPS and BIS experiments. The core level line shapes and the valence band spectra of occupied and empty states clearly reveal the localized character of the 5f electrons in this actinide compound. From these spectra their Coulomb correlation energy is found to be about 2 eV. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A procedure and software have been developed to transform the area distribution of the residual surface heights available from the measurement with the Micromap interferometric microscope into a two-dimensional (2D) power spectral density (PSD) distribution of the surface height. The procedure incorporates correction of one of the spectral distortions of the PSD measurement. The distortion appears as a shape difference between the tangential and sagittal PSD spectra deduced from the 2D PSD distribution for an isotropic surface. A detailed investigation of the origin of the anisotropy was performed, and a mathematical model was developed and used to correct the distortion. The correction employs a modulation transfer function (MTF) of the detector deduced analytically based on an experimentally confirmed assumption about the origin of the anisotropy due to the asymmetry of the read-out process of the instrument's CCD camera. The correction function has only ...

CERN Document Server

Boxy and peanut-shaped bulges are seen in about half of edge-on disc galaxies. Comparisons of the photometry and major-axis gas and stellar kinematics of these bulges to simulations of bar formation and evolution indicate that they are bars viewed in projection. If the properties of boxy bulges can be entirely explained by assuming they are bars, then this may imply that their hosts are pure disc galaxies with no classical bulge. A handful of these bulges, including that of the Milky Way, have been observed to rotate cylindrically, i.e. with a mean stellar velocity independent of height above the disc. In order to assess whether such behaviour is ubiquitous in boxy bulges, and whether a pure disc interpretation is consistent with their stellar populations, we have analysed the stellar kinematics and populations of the boxy or peanut-shaped bulges in a sample of five edge-on galaxies. We placed slits along the major axis of each galaxy and at ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this study, we investigate the relationship between income and environmental quality for Turkey at two levels. First, the relationship between the CO2 emissions and per capita income is examined by the help of a time series model using cointegration techniques. In the second stage, the relationship between income and air pollution is investigated by using PM10 and SO2 measurements in Turkish provinces. In this part of the study panel data estimation techniques are utilized. The time series model covers 1968-2003, and the panel data model covers 1992-2001 including observations from 58 provinces. A monotonically increasing relationship between CO2 and income is found in the long-run according to time series analysis. On the other hand, panel data analysis indicates an N-shape relationship for SO2 and PM10 emissions. Therefore, the results of our time series and panel data analyses do not support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which assumes an ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Activated charcoal has so far taken a shape of particle or powder, but as the third activated charcoal, fibrous activated charcoal (ACF) has begun to be produced industrially. In comparison with the conventional activated charcoal, ACF has such characteristics as follows (1) its rate of absorption and desorption is very fast, (2) its specific area is large and it has high absorption performance, (3) it has wide absorption characteristics, and (4) its reactivation and reutilization are possible. In addition, because of its fibrous condition, it can be processed into compound materials of various shapes by utilizing the fiber processing technology. Furthermore, it can be combined with other functional fibrous material and used as multifunctional material. In this article, the production process, performance, characteristics and usage of ACF, which is an excellent absorbent as stated above, are outlined with a focus on the pitch-based ACF ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

number of technical requirements and performance criteria can drive stellarator costs, e.g., tight tolerances, accurate coil positioning, low aspect ratio (compactness), choice of assembly strategy, metrology, and complexity of the stellarator coil geometry. With the completion of a seven-year design and construction effort of the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) it is useful to interject the NCSX experience along with the collective experiences of the NCSX stellarator community to improving the stellarator configuration. Can improvements in maintenance be achieved by altering the stellarator magnet configuration with changes in the coil shape or with the combination of trim coils? Can a mechanical configuration be identified that incorporates a partial set of shaped fixed stellarator coils along with some removable coil set to enhance the overall machine maintenance? Are there other approaches that will simplify the concepts, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uncertainty in computer vision can arise at various levels. It can occur in the low level in the raw sensor input, and extends all the way through intermediate and higher levels. Ideally, at any level where decisions are being made on the basis of previous processing steps, a computer vision system must have sufficient flexibility for representation of uncertainty in any of these levels. The input cue representation portion of a computer vision system should maintain the information content of the original input images, while at the same time allowing for uncertainty in the identification of attributes required by other parts of the system for decision making. Processes such as edge detection, segmentation, and shape matching yield results which could bias higher level decision making, unless some framework is defined for the representation of uncertainty in the context of fuzzy set theory where membership values associated with the fuzzy sets contain a consistent ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neutron elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections of _2_3_8U and _2_3_2Th have been measured at the University of Lowell for states below 1.8 MeV. A time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer was used. The disc-shaped scatterer was oriented to optimize energy resolutions for 200-to-500-keV neutrons. Neutrons were obtained via the _7Li(p,n)_7Be reaction. Targets were prepared by in-situ evaporation of Li onto a Ta backing. During the evaporation, the target thickness was monitored using a 5-m-flight-path TOF spectrometer; a typical target had a neutron thickness from 8 to 10 keV for Esub(p) = 2.25.MeV. Spectra were analyzed using the unfolding code TINA; standard peak shapes were obtained from codes LAGUE and LAPA. Results obtained will be presented.

CERN Document Server

We demonstrate that fitted values of stellar radius obtained by fitting theoretical light curves to observations of millisecond period X-ray pulsars can significantly depend on the method used to calculate the light curves. The worst-case errors in the fitted radius are evaluated by restricting ourselves to the case of light emitted and received in the equatorial plane of a rapidly-rotating neutron star. First, using an approximate flux which is adapted to the one-dimensional nature of such an emission region, we show how pulse shapes can be constructed using an exact spacetime metric and fully accounting for time-delay effects. We compare this to a method which approximates the exterior spacetime of the star by the Schwarzschild metric, inserts special relativistic effects by hand, and neglects time-delay effects. By comparing these methods, we show that there are significant differences in these methods for some applications, for example pulse timing and ...

Science.gov (United States)

The paper deals with the modeling and the development of a numerical procedure for the analysis of shape-memory alloy (SMA) elements in order to predict the main features of SMA devices. A 3D SMA model in the framework of small strain theory is developed starting from the thermo-mechanical model proposed by Souza et al. (Eur J Mech A/Solids 17:789-806, 1998) and modified by Auricchio and Petrini (Int J Numer Methods Eng 55:1255-1284, 2002). The aim of this paper is to propose some more modifications to the original model, to derive its consistent 1D formulation, to clarify the mechanical meaning of the material parameters governing the constitutive model. A robust time integration algorithm is developed in the framework of the finite element method and a new beam finite element is proposed. Some numerical applications and a comparison with experimental data available in literature are carried out in order to assess the ability of the proposed model to describe the ...

CERN Document Server

Using the recently developed effective field theory of inflation, we argue that the size and the shape of the non-Gaussianities generated by single-field inflation are generically well described by two parameters: f_NL^equil, which characterizes the size of the signal that is peaked on equilateral configurations, and f_NL^orthog, which instead characterizes the size of the signal which is peaked both on equilateral configurations and flat-triangle configurations (with opposite signs). The shape of non-Gaussianities associated with f_NL^orthog is orthogonal to the one associated to f_NL^equil, and former analysis have been mostly blind to it. We perform the optimal analysis of the WMAP 5-year data for both of these parameters. We find no evidence of non-Gaussianity, and we have the following constraints: -125 0.011 at 95% CL. or alternatively to be so small that the higher-derivative kinetic term dominate at horizon crossing. We are able to put ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Transmission electron microscopy studies on solution-annealed Alloy 800 revealed small (100-200 nm), spherical-shaped titanium carbide (face centered cubic structure) and large (200 nm-5 {mu}m), faceted titanium nitride (hexagonal structure) particles randomly distributed in the austenite matrix. The volume fraction of former particles was found to be greater than that of the latter. Corrosion studies of the alloy in acidic, chlorides and acidic chloride environments at room temperature indicated that the passivity of Alloy 800 was adversely affected by the addition Cl{sup -} ions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the surface film formed on the alloy at the onset of passivity consisted of Cr{sup 3+} (as Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3}), without any Fe{sup 3+}/Fe{sup 2+} or Ni{sup 2+}. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated initiation of pitting at large, faceted particles, not at small, spherical-shaped ones.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Swirling speed in a direct injection diesel engine was measured by a laser doppler velocimeter. Intake port geometry and engine speed were changed as factors affecting the swirling flow to study the distribution of swirling flow speed. The distribution of swirling flow speed changes complicatedly owing to axial nonsymmetry during intake process but becomes simple shape of axial symmetry during compression process after closing intake valve. But if this is assumed as the rigid swirl shape, the difference due to each intake port cannot be expressed but also large error may be possible to appear close to the cylinder wall. The distribution of swirling flow speed during compression process changes similarly, nearly proportinal to engine speed. But the similarity is higher at the middle period in compression process than at the end period in compression period. Axial distribution of local swirling ratio during compression process is nearly uniform. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A set of computer codes have been developed to produce spectral line shapes of highly stripped ions for a number of transitions in Hydrogenic, Helium-like and Lithium-like species. The choice of the transitions has been dictated largely by the laser compression experiments. The transitions of Hydrogenic species are: Lyman ..cap alpha..; Lyman ..beta..; Lyman ..gamma..; Lyman delta; Balmer ..cap alpha..; and Balmer ..beta... The transitions of Helium-like species are: 1s/sup 2/(/sup 1/S/sub 0/)-1s2p(/sup 1/P); 1s/sup 2/(/sup 1/S/sub 0/)-1s3p(/sup 1/P); 1s/sup 2/(/sup 1/S/sub 0/)-1s4p(/sup 1/P) and the associated dipole-forbidden components. The transitions of Lithium-like species are the entire n = 2 to n = 3 and n = 4 complexes.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The unsteady flow and heat transfer are simulated using LES and DNS for a channel with two angled ribs as a vee-shaped vortex generator to augment heat transfer. The vortex generators are attached on the bottom wall of the channel and their angles in respect to the main flow are between 10"o and 30"o. The Prandtl number is 0.71 and the Reynolds numbers based on the inflow velocity and the height of channel are from 200 to 2000. Based on the results of this work, the variations of the Nusselt number, pressure coefficient, bulk temperature, friction factor and Colburn factor with the Reynolds numbers and the incidence angles are provided. The relation between the key parameters of the velocity (friction factor f) and thermal (Colburn factor J) boundary layers is calculated for all cases and their values are compared with the predicted values by the Chilton-Colburn analogy. A comparison between the DNS and LES results is performed and it is found that relatively ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of the study is to investigate the heat transfer augmentation method for a wavy channel type heat exchanger. Experimental studies were carried out, by installation of flow guide-plates with simple structure, to clarify the effects on the augmentation whether the effects are brought by the flow acceleration or by the increase of intensity of turbulence due to the flow seperation, and to determine optimum shape of flow guide-plates. The shape and dimensions of the experimental apparatus are as follows; channel width H of 30 mm, rectangular section with breadth of 300 mm, wavy duct with a bend angle of 60/sup 0/ and straight pipe of 2H length. Air stream was flowed through the duct with Reynolds number of 1.7 x 10/sup 4/ only. As the results, following conclusions were obtained. (1) Wavy duct with large bend angle and without inserting flow guide-plates could not be expected large effects on the heat transfer augmentation. (2) An ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bobbin-coil-type eddy current probes, which are conventionally used for nondestructive inspection of steam generator tubes in pressurized-water-type nuclear power plants, have poor detectability for circumferential flaws. Hence a new type of eddy current probe was proposed to detect effectively the magnetic flux component disturbed by a flaw and thus to eliminate the flaw direction dependency on the flaw detectability. In the course of development of the proposed method, structures of the probe were investigated based on the measurement of magnetic fields induced by exciting flat coils with several shapes. The new type of probe proposed here consists of differential pick-up coils detecting magnetic flux and exciting coils having a parallelogrammic shape, and its structure was fabricated experimentally in order to detect flaws independently of their directions. Nondestructive flaw detection tests was then conducted by using the probe. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An assessment of the state-of-the-art of electromagnetic and electrohydraulic forming of metal parts has been conducted. Electromagnetic forming (EMF) shapes parts by a force resulting from a high-density magnetic field. The electrohydraulic forming (EHF) process differs in that the force is applied to parts from a shock wave emanating from a point within a fluid medium. Both processes are used to form relatively thin-section hollow or flat products. This survey has found that, of the two electrotechnologies, the electromagnetic forming process is expected to be used increasingly in a broad range of industries, particularly for automotive, aircraft, and electrical-cable components. In contrast, the level of applications for the electrohydraulic forming method is expected to remain essentially unchanged over the near- and long-term period. This is because its use is restricted to relatively unusual part shapes in industries that do not require ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have investigated the correlation between V-shaped defect formation and the optical properties of AlGaN/(In)GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown under different growth conditions and then demonstrated the characteristics of fabricated ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs). From the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurement, the internal quantum efficiency for 300 K was obtained as 43.6% for a sample with a low density of V-defects in a MQW and 13.7% for a sample with a high density of V-defects. The carrier lifetime based on the time resolved PL measurement at room temperature was 0.32 ns for a sample with a high density of V-defects and 1.26 ns for a sample with a low density of V-defects. And we also found that the density of V-defects affected the external quantum efficiency and wall plug efficiency of the fabricated UV LEDs. (fast track communication)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The geometric patterns of a stream network in a drainage basin can be viewed as a 'fractal' with fractal dimensions. Fractals provide a mathematical framework for treatment of irregular, ostensively complex shapes that show similar patterns or geometric characteristics over a range of scale. GIUH (Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph) is based on the hydrologic response of surface runoff in a catchment basin. This model incorporates geomorphologic parameters of a basin using Horton's order ratios. For an ordered drainage system, the fractal dimensions can be derived from Horton's laws of stream numbers, stream lengths and stream areas. In this paper, a fractal approach, which is leading to representation of a 2-parameter Gamma distribution type GIUH, has been carried out to incorporate the self-similarity of the channel networks based on the high correlations between the Horton's order ratios. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The piston bowl design is one of the most important factors that affect the air-fuel mixing and the subsequent combustion and pollutant formation processes in a direct-injection diesel engine. The bowl geometry and dimensions, such as the pip region, bowl lip area, and toroidal radius, are all known to have an effect on the in-cylinder mixing and combustion process. In order to understand better the effect of re-entrant geometry, three piston bowls with different toroidal radii and lip shapes were investigated using computational fluid dynamics engine modelling. KIVA3V with improved submodels was used to model the in-cylinder flows and combustion process, and it was validated on a high-speed direct-injection engine with a second-generation common-rail fuel injection system. The engine's performance, in-cylinder flow, and combustion, and emission characteristics were analysed at maximum power and maximum torque conditions and at part-load operating ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boat sampling technique (BST) is a surface sampling technique, which has been developed for obtaining, in-situ, metal samples from the surface of an operating component without affecting its operating service life. The BST is non-destructive in nature and the sample is obtained without plastic deformation or without thermal degradation of the parent material. The shape and size of the sample depends upon the shape of the cutter and the surface geometry of the parent material. Miniature test specimens are generated from the sample and the specimens are subjected to various tests, viz. Metallurgical Evaluation, Metallographic Evaluation, Micro-hardness Evaluation, sensitisation test, small punch test etc. to confirm the integrity and assessment of safe operating life of the component. This paper highlights design objective of boat sampling technique, description of sampling module, sampling cutter and its performance evaluation, cutting process, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inelastic scattering of 180 MeV #pi#"+ and #pi#"- from "5"2Cr shows an angular distribution for the 2_2"+ state at 2.96 MeV that differs greatly from the usual L = 2 shapes for 2"+ states. This state is perhaps the only case from pion-inelastic scattering in which standard distorted-wave impulse approximation models (including multistep and single-step responses) fail to reproduce the measured angular distribution. Furthermore, this unique excitation has been shown to have the features expected of a seniority-four proton excitation yet the pion data show charge symmetry. While coupled-channel calculations are not able to reproduce the pion data, they do agree with the shape observed for 42 MeV #alpha# particle scattering to this state, but the magnitude of the #alpha# scattering data is not consistent with a collective model and known #gamma# ray deexcitations. Scattering to the first and third 2"+ states of "5"2Cr with pions and #alpha# ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is an x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) project based on the SLAC linac. The LCLS Photoinjector beamline has been designed to deliver 10-ps long electron bunches of 1 nC with a normalized projected transverse emittance smaller than 1.2 mm-mrad at 135 MeV. Tolerances and regulation requirements are tight for this tuning. Half of the total emittance at the end of the injector comes from the ''cathode emittance'' which is 0.7 mm-mrad for our nominal 1nC tuning. As the ''cathode emittance'' scales linearly with laser spot radius, the emittance will be dramatically reduced for smaller radius, but this is only possible at lower charge. In particular, for a 0.2 nC charge, we believe we can achieve an emittance closer to 0.4 mm-mrad. This working point will be easier to tune and the beam quality should be much easier to maintain than for the 1 nC case. In the second half of this paper, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of entire plant communities of native species is gaining interest in the green roof industry. Plant communities must be matched with environmental conditions that mimic conditions in their original habitats. Urban built environments do not differ significantly from the rocky outcrops with poor, shallow soil that many plants colonize. This paper provided details of an experiment investigating the impact of plant community structure and species diversity on living roof performance. The aim of the experiment was to determine the impact of species diversity on precipitation interception, nutrient retention, temporal biomass constancy and roof temperature constancy. The diversity treatment included separate monocultures of 8 species in the community, randomly determined mixtures of 4 species, and a mixture of all 8. Functional groups included mosses, liverworts, colonial algae and a mycorrhizal inoculum. In a second experiment, between 1 and 4 of the functional groups were added to ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study investigates the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions patterns in coordination with the economic development of Taiwan. The resulting quadratic relationship between emissions and income are partly due to the structural change of energy supply in Taiwan, with the introduction of nuclear energy in 1980 to 1986. This relationship is quite unique and different from the N-shaped relationships in some developed countries (de Bruyn and Opschoor, 1997; Friedl and Getzner, 2003). The CO2 emissions in Taiwan increase with the increasing imports of raw materials for economic activities and the increasing use of electricity. There is no evidence that the substantial increase of Taiwan's service sector contributed to slowing its CO2 emissions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Theoretical development for temperature measurements via narrow line, infrared absorption of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) is presented. The proposed technique is based on rapid-scanning of two adjacent absorption line shapes. Spectroscopic considerations for sensitivity to temperature measurements are discussed. Several line pairs are evaluated, and the R(58) and R(60) transitions of the (00{sup 0}1){l_arrow}(00{sup 0}0) band are suggested for use in high temperature measurements for combustion systems.

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english We consider the three dimensional electromagnetic inverse scattering problem of determining information about a buried coated object from a knowledge of the electric and magnetic fields measured on the surface of the earth corresponding to time harmonic electric dipoles as incident fields. We assume that the buried object is a perfect conductor that is (possibly) partially coated by a thin dielectric layer. No a priori assumption is made on the extent of the coating, i.e. (more) the object can be fully coated, partially coated or not coated at all. We present an algorithm based on the linear sampling method and reciprocity gap functional for reconstructing the shape of the scattering obstacle together with an estimate of the surface impedance of the coating.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The objective of this study is to comprehend the basic structural characteristics of box shaped mixed structures proposed for a future nuclear reactor building structure. Specimens of reinforced concrete precast panel walls of the mixed structures were prepared using ultrahigh strength materials. Two bending shear tests were conducted with a parameter of the quantity of reinforcement bars. The results include: (1) Relationship of shear stress and the angle of the structure, and (2) Failure mode. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

AuxZn1-x alloys undergo a shape memory martensitic transformation whose temperature and nature (continuous or discontinuous) is strongly composition dependent. Neutron diffraction experiments were performed on single crystals of x=50 and 52 to explore the structural changes occurring at the transition temperature. A transverse modulation with wavevector q0=(1/3,1/3,0) develops below the transition temperature, with no observable change in lattice parameter. However, the Bragg peak width shows a broadening suggesting an unresolved rhombohedral distortion similar to what has been observed in NiTi-Fe alloys.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method using a focused ion beam (FIB) to prepare a silicon amorphous material is presented. The method involves the redeposition of sputtered material generated during the interaction of the Ga{sup +} ion beam with a silicon substrate material. The shape and dimensions of this amorphous material are self-organized and reproducible. The stability of this amorphous material under electron irradiation was investigated in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electron irradiation can induce recrystallization of the amorphous material, resulting in the lateral and vertical growth, starting at an amorphous-crystalline interface, of polysilicon containing defects.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As contamination flashover is in Mexico the second cause of transmission line faults, the Mexican Electrical Research Institute carried out a project to determine pollution patterns for the Republic of Mexico to be used for the design of external insulation. Results from the project are presented: the modelling, based on the field data of 23 experimental sites, of long term variations of pollution patterns as a function of environmental variables, insulator shape and position, as well as other important field results. 32 refs, 2 figs, 4 tabs

Science.gov (United States)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were measured in a mild case of dyssegmental dysplasia. X-ray pictures of a female baby born vaginally at 39 weeks of gestation showed short, bent, dumbbell-shaped long bones of the limbs and profound dyssegmental ossification in the spine, findings characteristic of dyssegmental dysplasia. When the levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were measured, the levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 were significantly reduced. This case might provide a clue to disclose the etiology of dyssegmental dysplasia. PMID:12568417

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The form factor for excitation of the 1/sup +/ state at 3.48 MeV in /sup 88/Sr by inelastic electron scattering has been measured for momentum transfers q = 0.24-0.62 fm/sup -1/. Neither its magnitude nor shape can be described employing the best available nuclear wave functions. We demonstrate with a schematic model that the observed reduction of the form factor may be understood by taking into account a renormalization of the M1-operator due to virtual ..delta..-hole excitations.

CERN Document Server

We propose a mechanism to explain what occurs when a mixture of grains of different sizes and different shapes (i.e. different repose angles) is poured into a quasi-two-dimensional cell. Specifically, we develop a model that displays spontaneous stratification of the large and small grains in alternating layers. We find that the key requirement for stratification is a difference in the repose angles of the two pure species, a prediction confirmed by experimental findings. We also identify a kink mechanism that appears to describe essential aspects of the dynamics of stratification.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The ability of the Packard 2000 CA/LL liquid scintillation counter to reduce background count rates relies on pulse shape/duration analysis in which short duration organic scintillation events are discriminated from longer duration non-quenchable background events. A consequence of this is a loss in the counting efficiency. The results of this investigation indicate that much of the lost efficiency can be regained by sharpening the true #beta#"- pulse widths via the use of different scintillant combinations and by certain counter modifications. (author).

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

This paper presents a novel design methodology, based on shaping the system frequency response, for the generation of an appropriate residual signal that is sensitive to sensor faults in the presence of model uncertainty and exogenous unknown (unmeasured) disturbances. An integrated feedback controller design and robust frequency-based fault detection approach is proposed for Single-Input/Single-Output systems. The effciency of the proposed method is demonstrated on a Single Machine Innite Bus (SMIB) power system that achieves a coordinate power system stabilizer with satisfactory sensor fault detection capabilities.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations are executed in a full toroidal geometry to clarify the physical mechanisms of the Internal Reconnection Event (IRE), which is observed in the spherical tokamak experiments. The simulation results reproduce several main properties of IRE. Comparison between the numerical results and experimental observation indicates fairly good agreements regarding nonlinear behavior, such as appearance of localized helical distortion, appearance of characteristic conical shape in the pressure profile during thermal quench, and subsequent appearance of the m=2/n=1 type helical distortion of the torus. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Some results on mechanical property study of copper and titanium subjected to impact load and next to neutron irradiation are presented. It was shown that shock wave influence involves a substantial shape change of the stress-strain diagram and of respective mechanical characteristics. Yield- and ultimate strength were substantially increased, as well as hardness with a considerable drop of plasticity. Also a heat stability of copper and titanium specimens was studied after being treated with shock-waves and neutron radiation. Results are given of electron microscope study of titanium structure sfter explosion hardening, which caused decomposition of hydride segregations in titanium and increased dislocation density.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This article introduces the story of Yusuf al-Marzuk (1895-1957), a Kuwaiti merchant who created a thriving network in the Arabian/Persian Gulf and India. This network was part of the vast, undocumented activities of Kuwaiti merchants. They were uncovered by rare British reports. Yusuf's economic power enabled him to participate in the struggle of Kuwaiti elites to achieve political power vis-a-vis the Kuwaiti rulers, the Sabah family. This article demonstrates the importance of the trading networks with respect to the economic and political developments that shaped the region before the relatively well researched oil period.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A conical Bragg-curve spectrometer (BCS) has been constructed. The outer case was a molded plastic cone. Printed circuit techniques were used to form an insert with inscribed equipotentials to approximate a 1/r/sup 2/ electric field shape. The charge and energy resolution were measured for elastically scattered beams of 206 MeV /sup 28/Si, 413 and 378 MeV /sup 56/Fe, and 670 MeV /sup 86/Kr ions. Performance of this detector, particularly its charge resolution, is discussed with respect to variation in solid angle.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The total area (s m) of Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedron faces corresponding to all intermolecular contacts of one molecule in the structure of crystals and the total volume of pyramids (V m) built on such faces and containing the nuclei of atoms participating in intermolecular contacts in their vertices were determined for 19 unsaturated hydrocarbons. The differential molar heat of adsorption of the hydrocarbons on graphitized thermal carbon black was found to be linearly related to the s m or V m integral parameters of their Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra. Aromatic hydrocarbons on the one hand and saturated hydrocarbons, olefins, and acetylene on the other are characterized by different dependences because of the special shapes of their molecular Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The increasing environmental concern and promotion of ''green processes'' are forcing the substitution of traditional acid and base homogeneous catalysts by solid ones. Among these heterogeneous catalysts, zeolites and zeotypes can be considered as real ''green'' catalysts, due to their benign nature from an environmental point of view. The importance of these inorganic molecular sieves within the field of heterogeneous catalysis relies not only on their microporous structure and the related shape selectivity, but also on the flexibility of their chemical composition. Modification of the zeolite framework composition results in materials with acidic, basic or redox properties, whereas multifunctional catalysts can be obtained by introducing metals by ion exchange or impregnation procedures...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We discuss the algebraic structure of the generator coordinate method for triaxial quadrupole collective motion. The collective solutions are classified according to the representations of the permutation group of the intrinsic axes. Our method amounts to an approximate angular-momentum projection. We apply it to a study of the spherical-to-deformed-shape transition in light even strontium isotopes {sup 78-88}Sr. We find that triaxial configurations play a significant role in explaining the structure of the transitional isotopes {sup 80-82}Sr. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electron beam therapy has often been used for radiation therapy of carcinomas of the buccal mucosa, though side effects, including stomatitis and dermatitis, are known to exist. We experimented using the additional back scatter and transit with the phantom under a lead plate within the irradiation field, in order to better focus the dose on the target volume moreover, we fabricated a mouthpiece fitted with a lead plate shaped to the target volume, and with respect to the influence of the mouthpiece on stomatitis and dermatitis, obtained good clinical results. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have used scale models to measure the predicted coupling of electromagnetic fields simulating the effects of high-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulses (HEMP) on the interior surfaces of electronic components. Predictive tools for exterior coupling are adequate. For interior coupling, however, such tools are in their infancy. Our methodological approach combines analytical, computational, and laboratory techniques in a complementary way to take advantage of their separate strengths. Computer models are a promising tool, as they can be used to treat complex objects with arbitrary shapes, dielectrics, and cables, and multiple apertures. Laboratory tests can expand the domain of investigation even further.

Science.gov (United States)

Effective-index approach is applied for modeling of channel plasmon polaritons (CPPs) propagating in rectangular grooves (trenches) and triangular (V-shaped) grooves in gold, accounting for the main features of CPP guiding and elucidating its underlying physics. The effective indexes of CPP modes along with the corresponding propagation lengths are calculated for different configurations and wavelengths while varying the groove depth. The results obtained allow one to identify the parameter range for realizing the single-mode CPP guiding featuring subwavelength confinement and moderate propagation loss at telecom wavelengths.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To evaluate the effect of porosity on superplasticity behavior, it is essential to use materials of similar initial grain sizes. This can be achieved by HIPing, which provides an effective way of reducing initial porosity while avoiding appreciable grain growth; various levels of porosity can be achieved for similar grain sizes. This note is concerned with the influence of porosity on superplasticity tensile deformation of a fine grained high-purity alumina doped with copper oxide and containing a grain growth inhibitor. Specimens were prepared by slip casting to net-shape and sintering; some presintered specimens were HIPed to reduce porosity. The subsequent superplasticity behavior is related to porosity in the material.

Science.gov (United States)

The dynamic response characteristics of the VAWT rotor are important factors governing the safety and fatigue life of VAWT systems. The principal problems are the determination of critical rotor speeds (resonances) and the assessment of forced vibration response amplitudes. The solution to these problems is complicated by centrifugal and coriolis effects which can have substantial influence on rotor resonant frequencies and mode shapes. This paper will describe and discuss the primary tools now in use at Sandia National Laboratories for rotor analysis. These tools include a lumped springmass model (VAWTDYN) and also finite-element based approaches. The discussion will center on the accuracy and completeness of current capabilities and plans for future research.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Continuum events represent an eminent source of background in any e+e- experiment. As these have a higher branching ratio than BB-bar events (at BaBar this ratio is estimated to about 3.5) or ?+?- events, efficient continuum background suppression is essential in many analyses. Using Artificial Neural Networks and the Nearest Neighbor Method we developed several selectors which, based only on the global event shape variables, efficiently tag BB-bar events and ?+?- events against the continuum background. These selectors could then be combined with the channel specific information in various types of analyses. The study was done using a parametric Monte Carlo.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A computer-assisted rotation and stationary conformation radiotherapy system with overrunning multileaf collimators has been developed. This system can produce any shape of target volume, including a number of target areas outside the axis of the rotation, regardless of the location of the axis at 360"0 rotation irradiation. In addition, by changing the dose rate and deleting a partial region within a field, multiple stationary irradiation can produce more homogeneous target volumes - thus avoiding excessive irradiation to critical organs - than the rotation technique. (orig.).

Science.gov (United States)

Mild steel samples were studied by chronoamperometry in sodium sulfide (Na[sub 2]S) aqueous solution. Pit nucleation and growth also were monitored by optical microscopy. The influence of variables such as temperature, polarization potential, surface roughness, the presence of electrochemically generated oxide layers, and the simultaneous presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) was studied. The influence of each parameter on pit shape and growth was reviewed. Different reactions and competitive processes were proposed based on the experimental results.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A variety of engineering and experimental applications require primary support structures which are self-centering. High mechanical strength, low-density, carbon fiber/epoxy matrix composite springs are used in unique planar, cylindrical, conical, and spherical configurations to self-center components. The sinusoidal and triangular-shaped composite springs are readily manufactured and assembled into component hardware. Design considerations, flexural strength properties, load bearing and centering data plus procedures for the manufacture of composite springs are presented.

Science.gov (United States)

Using near-field optical microscopy, the authors investigate propagation of channel plasmon polaritons excited in the wavelength range of 1425-1640 nm along smoothly bent and split V-shaped grooves milled in a gold film. We find that for 0.6-?m-wide and 1.1-?m-deep grooves bent with the smallest curvature radius of ?0.83 ?m, the double bend (for S bends) and splitting (for Y splitters) losses decrease for longer wavelengths approaching (in the wavelength range of 1600-1640 nm) the levels of ~0 and 0.5 dB, respectively.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

After having studied the shape that a tachyon T (e.g., intrinsically spherical) would take up, we show in an explicit example that the characteristics of classical tachyons are similar to those of the ordinary (slower-than-light) quantum particles. In particular, a realistic tachyon is associated with a ''phase speed'' V(V/sup 2/>c/sup 2/), but with a ''group speed'' upsilon=c/sup 2//V (upsilon/sup 2/

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heyuan mineralization belt is a structure-magmatic activities belt which is charcterized by strong plastic deformation and shearing. The squeeze (overthrust) structure is formed early. Later stretch produced slide shovel-shaped normal fault which control the red basin and uranium mineralization. Comprehensive study shows that this area is of favorable uranium metallogenic condition due to the rich uranium source and higher degree of geology work, it is a target for the new round resources exploration. (authors)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report on recent measurements with Thick GEM-like (THGEM)-based imaging detectors. The THGEM is a robust gaseous electron multiplier similar to GEM but with larger dimensions. It has high electron multiplication, of 105 and 107 in single- and double-THGEM structure, respectively, fast signals and ?10MHz/mm2 counting rate capability. It can be produced in any shape and over large area. In view of many possible applications of THGEM-based imaging detectors, in particle physics and beyond, we have recently studied the localization properties of a 2D 10x10cm2 detector. The results of these studies are presented.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The adsorption properties of four samples of the #alpha#-modification of boron nitride (#alpha#-BN) were investigated by the gas-chromatographic method. According to the electron microscopy data, the #alpha#-BN particles possess the shape of thin plates. An #alpha#-BN sample prepared from magnesium polyboride, is the most uniform adsorbent. For a series of n-alkanes, benzene, and alkyl benzenes, by testing the #alpha#-BN samples one has obtained the retained volumes (Henry constants) and the values of the differential adsorption heat, which are close to those of the surface zero filling. These thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption have shown that the #alpha#-BN, line the graphitized thermal carbon black, is not a specific adsorbent.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A sifter is proposed, which includes a frame, a sifting surface in the form of transverse grates, positioned on a hinge and lever mechanism, one of the axis of the hinges of which is connected with the frame and the other, with a movable frame, which is adjoined with the drive pushrod for changing the width of the slots between the grates. To increase the effectiveness of initial classification through periodic cleaning of the sifting surface, the hinge and lever mechanism is made in the form of a multiple parallelogram, while the grates are formed by one of the peripheral axes of the hinges of the parallelogram. The movable frame is installed with the capability of attachment to different axes of the parallelogram hinges. The frame is U shaped.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Long steam turbine blades are always made as massive blades cut from the solid. For a given blade material and given rotational speed of the steam turbine, the maximum permissible blade length depends on a tapering factor which expresses the ratio of the centrifugal force of the real blade, always twisted and tapered, to the centrifugal force of the theoretical cylindrical blade of the same flow cross-section. This factor can be further reduced to a considerable degree, due to a better approximation to the shape having uniform srength, if the blade is constructed as a hollow blade. (orig./LH).

CERN Document Server

Based on Friedberg and Lee's geometric picture by which the tribimaximal PMNS leptonic mixing matrix is constructed, namely corresponding mixing angles correspond to the geometric angles among the sides of a cube. We suggest that the three realistic mixing angles which slightly deviate from the values determined for the cube, are due to a viable deformation from the perfectly cubic shape. Taking the best fitted results of $\\theta_{12}$ and $\\theta_{23}$ as inputs, we determine the central value of $\\sin^22\\theta_{13}$ should be 0.0238 with a relatively large error tolerance, this value lies in the range of measurement precision of the Daya Bay experiment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Differential cross sections have been measured for the elastic and inelastic scattering of 104 MeV alpha-particles from /sup 90/,/sup 92/Zr. The experimental data are analyzed in terms of coupled channels on the basis of a flexible anharmonic vibrator model and using different parametrizations of the radial shape of the extended optical potential. The results favour the squared Saxon-Woods type for the real part. Additionally to a radial momentum analysis of the real potentials a semimicroscopic folding model has been invoked for extracting isoscalar quadrupole and hexadecapole transition rates.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dose calculations for radiation arc therapy are traditionally performed by approximating continuous delivery arcs with multiple static beams. For 3D conformal arc treatments, the shape and weight variation per degree is usually small enough to allow arcs to be approximated by static beams separated by 5"0-10"0. But with intensity-modulated arc therapy (IMAT), the variation in shape and dose per degree can be large enough to require a finer angular spacing. With the increase in the number of beams, a deterministic dose calculation method, such as collapsed-cone convolution/superposition, will require proportionally longer computational times, which may not be practical clinically. We propose to use a homegrown Monte Carlo kernel-superposition technique (MCKS) to compute doses for rotational delivery. The IMAT plans were generated with 36 static beams, which were subsequently interpolated into finer angular intervals for dose calculation to mimic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fe-doped MnO2 with a hollow sea urchin-like ball chain shape was first synthesized under a high magnetic field of 10 T. The formation mechanism was investigated and discussed in detail. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EMPA, and vector network analysis. By doping MnO2 with Fe, the relative complex permittivity of MnO2 and its corresponding loss tangent clearly decreases, but its relative complex permeability and its corresponding loss tangent markedly increases. Moreover, the theoretically calculated values of reflection loss show that with increasing the Fe content, the as-prepared Fe-doped MnO2 exhibits good microwave absorption capability. -- Graphical Abstract: Fe-doped MnO2 with a hollow sea urchin-like ball chain shape was first synthesized in a high magnetic field of 10 T via a simple chemical process. Display Omitted Highlights: ? Fe-doped MnO2 with a hollow sea urchin-like ball chain ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The implementation of a three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy facility in the radiotherapy department of the Heinrich Heine University is described. Complex radiotherapy techniques with commercially available networked systems are introduced to improve clinical work. Over 18 month we have gained clinical experience with a PHILIPS Multileaf Collimator (MLC) mounted on a SL 25 linear accelerator. For a limited period the MLC was used as a conventional blocking device. The standard MLC-shapes are controlled with a stand-alone computer system. In addition, a three-dimensional treatment planning system (3-D-TPS / TMS-Radix, Helax AB) based on convolution/superposition algorithms was recently installed. Treatment optimization is achieved using static field arrangements with complete volumetric computerized tomographic patient data for 3-D-TPS. Conformal adaptation of the 95%-isodose to the Planning Target Volume (PTV, ICRU 50) results in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mono-dispersed cubic CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles have been synthesized using a surfactant-assisted method with laurylamine hydrochloride and cerium alkoxide modified with acetylacetone in an aqueous solution system. The prepared cubic CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles had a highly crystallized structure at 353 K and formed rod-like structures by calcination at 673 K after freeze-drying the CeO{sub 2} gel. We discovered a clear potential to make 1D, 2D or 3D CeO{sub 2}-materials with a well-controlled characteristic length and shape by assembling cubic-shaped CeO{sub 2} nanoparticle building blocks. CeO{sub 2}-TiO{sub 2} composite nanostructures have also been synthesized by changing the mole ratio of cerium alkoxide/titanium alkoxides. By utilizing the redox characteristic of CeO{sub 2}, CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles and CeO{sub 2}-TiO{sub 2} composite nanostructures after calcination, showed reaction activity toward the oxidization of I{sup -} to I{sub 2}, due ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Further improvement of dimensional tolerance and elimination of such post-processing as cutting work are required for the maximum exhibition of the features of sintered parts. Powder behavior in fall filling and leveling off is observed with the prototype of visual apparatus for observing powder filling. It is found that the delay in the replacement of powder by air in the die and the fall along the angle of repose are the causes for the occurrence of particle size segregation, and that the diagonal downward slide of powder in upper layer only in leveling off is the cause for nonuniformity of the density. As a result, it is found that improvement of powder flowability and minimization of shaking are important for uniform and rapid filling of powder in a thin walled and complicated shape die cavity, and a guide for developing uniform filling method is made clear. Based on the result, a new uniform filling method for powder is under development to improve the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study has been made of the passive film remaining over pits on stainless steel using a high resolution transmission electron microscope. Type 305 stainless steel was passivated in a borate buffer solution and pitted in ferric chloride. Passive films formed at 0.2 V relative to a saturated calomel electrode were found to be amorphous. Films formed at higher potentials showed only broad diffraction rings. The passive film was found to cover a remnant lacy structure formed over pits passivated at 0.8 V. The metallic strands of the lace were roughly hemitubular in shape with the curved surface facing the center of the pit.

CERN Document Server

The BL Lacertae object PKS 1413+135 is associated with a disk dominated galaxy which heavily absorbs the BL Lac nucleus at optical and X-ray wavelengths. It has been argued whether this galaxy is actually the host galaxy of PKS 1413+135 or whether the BL Lac is a background QSO, gravitationally lensed by the apparent host galaxy. We have obtained deep high resolution H-band images of this unusual BL Lac object using the UKIRT IRCAM3. Our observations show that the BL Lac nucleus is centered within < 0.05 arcsec of the galaxy. Based on this result we assess the probability for the lensing scenario and come to the conclusion that the disk galaxy is indeed the host of PKS 1413+135. The galaxy shows peanut-shaped isophotes, suggesting the presence of a central bar which is a common feature of AGN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The evolution of intermediate and high mass stars is reviewed focusing on the interpretation of Pop I Cepheids. First, a summary is given of the classical results of stellar evolution theory for the main evolutionary phases (main sequence and core He-burning) all over the HR diagram, putting into evidence the various points of disagreement with current observational data. Second, models incorporating the effect of convective overshoot, are reviewed, and studies are presented on the rich, young clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud, in which the models are compared with the observational data. Arguments are given to favor the adoption of models with convective overshoot instead of the classical ones. Third, new results are presented for pulsational models of the Cepheid stars, and the shape of the instability strip in the HR diagram, the number frequency-period distribution, and the mass discrepancy are discussed. 81 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study revisits the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for water pollution by using a recent dynamic technique, which is the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, for a board sample of 97 countries during the period 1980-2001. On a global scale, as we cannot obtain the EKC relationship between real income and biological oxygen demand (BOD) emissions, this paper further classifies these countries into four regional groups - Africa, Asia and Oceania, America, and Europe - to explore whether the different regions have different ECK relationships. The empirical results show evidence of the inverted U-shaped EKC relationships' existence in America and Europe, but not in Africa and Asia and Oceania. Thus, the regional difference of EKC for water pollution is supported. Furthermore, the estimated turning points are, approximately, US$13,956 and US$38,221 for America and Europe, respectively.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis (EKC) predicts an inverse U-shaped relationship between environmental pollution and per capita income. The literature with respect to the EKC is vast but far from conclusive. This paper adds firm size to the standard EKC reduced form regression and analyses whether firm size matters once income and composition are controlled for. Results suggest that large firm countries are initially associated with higher levels of environmental damage. However, as economies develop, large firm countries find it easier to adopt more stringent environmental legislation. Once environmental damage starts to decrease, the decrease is much larger in large firm countries.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The slurry-Zn/air battery system has received renewed R and D interest because it does not have the shape-change problems of batteries with Zn-plate electrodes and can sustain higher current densities and specific peak power than other metal-air battery systems. Additional advantages of the slurry-Zn/air battery include safety, low environmental impact, potential low cost, and separation of energy density from power density functions for design purposes. In this work we present results obtained at the individual cell level as a basis to estimate the performance of a secondary slurry-Zn/air battery system. The expected specific energy of such systems has been increased as a result of the use of capacity-extension additives, which has been one of the major thrusts of this work. 8 refs., 20 figs., 5 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The TRIMPWR code has been developed as a post processor for TRIMHX (transient 3D diffusion code) in support of the reactor limits program. TRIMPWR is designed to produce JOSHUA files containing: core power as a function of time, assembly power by hex as a function of time, assembly power post peaking as a function of time, and axial power shapes for each assembly as a function of time (formatted for use by the FLOWTRAN code) from the output of a TRIMHX run. In an attempt to simplify the reactor limits process by reducing the number of assemblies which must be run through FLOWTRAN, TRIMPWR also sorts the assemblies by the product of the power post peaking and the maximum normalized axial power density for each assembly. This follows from the assumption that those assemblies having the maximum value of this product will have the most restrictive limits.