Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The technique of air diffusion by shifting presents several advantages in terms of thermal comfort, indoor air quality and energy conservation. This book presents the principle, dimensioning, and implementation of air shifting diffusion systems. (J.S.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The inevitability of sustainable economic development and its linkage to a gradual shift to renewable energy sources, especially solar energy, was discussed. Means to measure sustainability of technology were described, and policy instruments (essentially research, development and demonstration, and punitive taxes on conventional energy carriers) to accelerate the shift to renewable energy sources were outlined.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phenomenological accountancy of quanta-electrodynamic corrections by means of introduction into multielectron theory of short-term potential, the parameters whereof are calibrated in such a way that provides for correct reproduction of the Lamb shift of the 1s-orbital energy for a correspondingly selected effective charge is developed by example of d-line of Na-like multicharged ions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pregraduate medical curricula are currently undergoing a reform process that is moving away from a traditional discipline-related structure and towards problem-based integrated forms of teaching. Imaging sciences, with their inherently technical advances, are specifically influenced by the effects of paradigm shifts in medical education. The teaching of diagnostic radiology should be based on the definition of three core competencies: in vivo visualization of normal and abnormal morphology and function, diagnostic reasoning, and interventional treatment. On the basis of these goals, adequate teaching methods and e-learning tools should be implemented by focusing on case-based teaching. Teaching materials used in the fields of normal anatomy, pathology, and clinical diagnosis may help diagnostic radiology to play a central role in modern pregraduate curricula. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A complete guide to 7000 key decision makers and 2800 organizations actively involved in energy today, the 1983 Directory updates the changes in state and Congressional energy offices that resulted from the 1982 elections, the reshuffling at DOE, the shifts of jurisdiction at the Department of the Interior, and the increasing role of the private sector in funding energy research and development. New features include the addition of nearly 100 major venture-capital firms and key public-affairs contacts. The Directory also features an Annual Energy Review highlighting development that will have international effects in the coming year.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Apparent growth of amorphous layers during low temperature annealing was observed in low energy Ge{sup +}-implanted (0 0 1)Si by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The occurrence of abnormal growth is due to the randomization of heavily damaged regions beneath the original amorphous/crystalline interfaces. The randomization process is attributed to the strain, incurred by the presence of a high density of large Ge atoms in the heavily damaged Si substrate, relaxation to lower the free energy of the systems. The randomization upon annealing may be fruitfully applied to minimize the transient enhanced diffusion in shallow junction formation.

Science.gov (United States)

The Knight shift of vanadium (KV) in fine V3Si particles was studied. The average diameter (\\bar{d}) ranged from 60 to 8000 A. The strong temperature dependence of the KV characteristic of high-Tc A-15 compounds was weakened in the particles. KV at 77 K increased with a decrease in \\bar{d}. The above-mentioned trends were consistent with a broadening of the sharp peak in the electronic density of states around the Fermi energy in particles resulting from a perturbation of the surface.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper considers the main components of energy policy, in particular the challenges of network security of supply, long-term contracts and the environmental constraints. It is argued that the United Kingdom's energy policy should take account of multiple market failures and context dependent. Given energy liberalisation in the 1980s and 1990s, it is argued that interventions based upon market-based instruments should be given greater importance. Institutional reform to reflect the shift in focus towards investment in non-carbon technologies and the security issues associated with networks is proposed, notably the creation of an energy agency. 15 refs., 2 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article reports on the UN Environment Programme's (UNEP's) work in supporting the banking and financing sector by creating clean energy finance markets in developing countries. Details are given of the shifting of cash markets to credit, financing solar home systems in India, solar thermal lending in Tunisia, the financing of hotel based solar water heating in Morocco, and the Green Village Credit initiatives in the Yunnan province of China. The importance of providing banks with information needed to gain awareness and experience of renewable energy systems is stressed. The fundamentals of a bank engagement programme, financial catalysts, structuring market oriented approaches, and linking bank lending to policy making are discussed along with the need to shift to credit enhancements to help banks set up their first loan portfolios.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Security of supply is defined as the availability and reliability of energy supply at acceptable prices. By security of energy supply we mean a globally large supply of reliable, affordable, clean energy. By virtue of its nature security of supply in the energy sector primarily requires making provisions for the future through exploration, innovation, research, diversification and investments in technology. Energy politics takes place in a tension field defined by the goals of economic efficiency, sustainability and security of supply. In the past there have been repeated shifts within this triad of goals. The task for a rational energy policy is to reconciliate these goals in a meaningful way. European energy policy is understood to comprise all sovereign measures taken by the European Union in the ...

Science.gov (United States)

A detailed study has been performed for estimating the orbital energies, positions and shifts of the Lyman lines of C5+, Al12+ and Ar17+ under strongly coupled plasma with a view to understand such line positions and shifts obtained in laser produced plasma experiments. The effect of strongly coupled plasma has been treated within the Ion Sphere (IS) model. Both non-relativistic and relativistic methods have been used for estimating the spectral properties. Theoretical estimates with IS model of the plasma are in conformity with the results of laser plasma experiments on these highly stripped ions. The experimental data for the systems have also been compared with the theoretical estimates using Debye screening model of the plasma with spatial confinements which gives additional restrictions to the wave functions at finite boundaries.

CERN Document Server

A fundamental Doppler-like but asymmetric wave effect that shifts received signals in frequency in proportion to their respective source distances, was recently described as means for a whole new generation of communication technology using angle and distance, potentially replacing TDM, FDM or CDMA, for multiplexing. It is equivalent to wave packet compression by scaling of time at the receiver, converting path-dependent phase into distance-dependent shifts, and can multiply the capacity of physical channels. The effect was hitherto unsuspected in physics, appears to be responsible for both the cosmological acceleration and the Pioneer 10/11 anomaly, and is exhibited in audio data. This paper discusses how it may be exploited for instant, passive ranging of signal sources, for verification, rescue and navigation; incoherent aperture synthesis for smaller, yet more accurate radars; universal immunity to jamming or interference; and precision ...

CERN Document Server

The $\\bar{K}N$ system at threshold is a sensitive testing ground for low energy QCD, especially for the explicit chiral symmetry breaking. Therefore, we have measured the $K$-series x rays of kaonic hydrogen atoms at the DA$\\Phi$NE electron-positron collider of Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, and have determined the most precise values of the strong-interaction energy-level shift and width of the $1s$ atomic state. As x-ray detectors, we used large-area silicon drift detectors having excellent energy and timing resolution, which were developed especially for the SIDDHARTA experiment. The shift and width were determined to be $\\epsilon_{1s} = -283 \\pm 36 \\pm 6 {(syst)}$ eV and $\\Gamma_{1s} = 541 \\pm 89 {(stat)} \\pm 22 {(syst)}$ eV, respectively. The new values will provide vital constraints on the theoretical description of the low-energy $\\bar{K}N$ ...

Science.gov (United States)

We have demonstrated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between lanthanide-ion doped oxide nanoparticles acting as donors and organic acceptor molecules (Cy5). Due to the long nanoparticle lifetime and the large Stokes shift between nanoparticle absorption and emission, unambiguous and precise FRET measurements can be performed despite the presence of large free acceptor oncentrations. We determined FRET efficiencies as a function of Cy5 concentration which are in very good agreement with a multiple acceptor-multiple donor calculation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The economic development of eastern Europe was associated during the last 15 years with the following average annual increases in energy consumption: Approximately 1% in the sectors industry, building and transport, almost 7% in the farming sector, approximately 3% in households, and nearly 4% in the municipal sector. This trend will not continue. As the economic system shifts from centrally planned to free economy and as the previously secluded economy is forced to face world market conditions as well as changed pars of exchange and conditions of payment, it not only experiences a transitory, sharp dip of economic growth in general but, in particular, drastic structural changes. - While there is to be expected, on the whole a slump in national economic growth, in tradiational branches of industry (e.g., metallurgy, the chemicals and textile industry) as well as in farming, such sectors as the service industry and small trade are expanding. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We consider low-energy nucleons at next-to-next-to-leading order in lattice chiral effective field theory. Three-body interactions first appear at this order, and we discuss several methods for determining three-body interaction coefficients on the lattice. We compute the energy of the triton and low-energy neutron-deuteron scattering phase shifts in the spin-doublet and spin-quartet channels using Luescher's finite-volume method. In the four-nucleon system we calculate the energy of the {alpha}-particle using auxiliary fields and projection Monte Carlo. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

A systematic study of the Bragg nuclear resonant reflectivity from periodic multilayers in the energy and time domains is presented. Using the kinematical approach of the general reflectivity theory we describe the basic features of the time evolution of the reflected wave after a pulsed excitation of resonant multilayers by synchrotron radiation. Effects of the collective excitation have been examined such as the shift of quantum beat phases, the interplay between electronic and nuclear subsystem excitations depending on their relative position in a multilayer, the energy and time evolution of standing waves inside a resonant multilayer, and their influence on the reflectivity spectra. The exact expression for the reflectivity by a thin resonant layer placed inside a multilayer structure has been derived. The observed shift of the delayed reflectivity Bragg peak relative to the prompt peak is explained ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Doping of molecular organic materials is important for the functionality of organic electronic devices as e.g solar cells. We investigated the doping behaviour of the acceptor molecules Cl{sub 2}-DCNQI and F{sub 16}CuPc incorporated into a CuPc matrix. In-situ XPS/UPS measurements were performed on coevaporated films. Doping by Cl{sub 2}-DCNQI was not successful. The molecule lost its chlorine atoms during thermal evaporation. For pristine F{sub 16}CuPc layers we observe a strong broadening of the photoemission features with increasing deposition rate indicating different domains probably of different molecular structure of differing electric interface potential. F{sub 16}CuPc incorporated into CuPc shows sharp photoemission features. With increasing F{sub 16}CuPc content Fermi level shifts are observed in both phases. In CuPc the maximum shift is about 0.45 eV towards the HOMO level indicating p-doping. Simultaneously the Fermi level in F{sub ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The shift to renewable energy options and low-carbon technologies, in response to the concerns over energy security and climate change, is proceeding more slowly than many would like. The usual argument against rapid deployment of new technologies is the costs imposed on the economy, commonly interpreted in terms of upfront costs to be borne or involving large cash transfers to fund, for example, efforts to preserve rainforests. In this contribution I argue that such a perspective provides a continuing barrier to taking effective action, whereas a perspective based on creation and use of carbon credits provides a means of avoiding the shock of abrupt industrial change. Carbon credits granted for bona fide carbon load reductions could be created through private initiative, for example by me...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors attemps to confirm a modification of the phase-absprotion method applicable to the study of the decay rate of energy stored in the upper level in the active medium of a CO/sub 2/-laser. The essence of the method is described. Relationships are determined which allow one to obtain the unknown parameters of the experimentally measured phase shift. The work exeprimentally shows the possibility of studying vibratioanl relaxation in the active medium of a CO/sub 2/-laser by the phase-absorption method using both ordinary and isotope-substitued molecules.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The article shares insights from a program that was developed to address burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma. The program works from the premise that people and organizations thrive when they have shared values and common understandings. Design/methodology/approach - The approach draws together reflection at the organizational and person levels. Connecting business ethics and organizational analysis, improving understanding of the body's energy as well as inter-cultural understanding are all achievable while adopting the resilience development methods. Findings - The article concludes that reflective practice through the tools used on the program enhances understanding of the challenges faced by organizations and the individuals involved. It provides creative routes ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

M shell x-ray production cross sections in thick targets of Pb, Th and U by K x-rays of Rb, Nb and Mo respectively have been measured. As the incident K x-ray energies are above the L_3 edge but below L_2 edge energies of the respective target elements under reference, the M x-rays are produced not only due to direct interaction of incident photons with M shell electrons but also due to the shift of the L_3 subshell vacancies to the M shell. The experiment has been performed using a double reflection geometrical setup with a 1 Curie"2"4"1Am gamma ray source and a Si (Li) x-ray spectrometer. The measured values have been compared with those calculated using known values of M and L_3 subshell photoionisation cross sections and fluorescence yields etc., wherever possible. The component of the percentage contribution due to shift of L_3 subshell vacancies to M shell to the total M shell x-ray emission were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The differential cross sections for neutron emission in the reactions {sup 115}In(p,xn), {sup 115}In(d,xn), and {sup 113}Cd({alpha},xn) are measured and analyzed for proton energies 11.2 and 22.2 MeV, deuteron energy 22.3 MeV, and {alpha}-particle energies 26.8 and 45.2 MeV, respectively. The parameters of the nuclear-level density in the Fermi-gas model with negative energy shift are determined for the {sup 113}Sn, {sup 114}Sn, {sup 115}Sn, and {sup 116}Sn nuclei over a wide range of excitation energies. Analysis is performed in a statistical model that uses the Hauser-Feshbach mathematical formalism to describe multistage processes. It is shown that, as excitation energy increases, the parameter of the level density for these nuclei first decreases (this behavior is consistent with the predictions of the generalized model of a superfluid ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A single exposure energy subtraction technique with a metal filter and an imaging plate for the Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) system was developed for dual-energy subtraction radiography (DES) of the chest. By the use of this technique, 206 patients with suspected lung cancer were scanned in the clinical settings. The subtracted images in 200 patients, excluding six with poor image quality, were examined. Soft-tissue images (bone cancelled images) were useful in visualizing abnormality of the airway and nodules lying under the ribs; and bone images (soft-tissue cancelled images) in detecting rib metastases and the presence or absence of calcification in nodules. Additional information was acquired in 21 % (42/200). A single exposure is capable of neglecting motion artifacts. In addition, this technique may be of value in DES, which is considered to be one of the routine examinations, in view of low exposure doses. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The cross section for np{yields}d{gamma} is calculated at energies relevant to big-bang nucleosynthesis using the recently developed effective field theory that describes the two-nucleon sector. The E1 amplitude is computed up to N{sup 3}LO and depends only upon nucleon-nucleon phase shift data. In contrast, the M1 contribution is computed up to next-to-leading order, and the four-nucleon-one-magnetic-photon counterterm that enters is determined by the cross section for cold neutron capture. The uncertainty in the calculation for nucleon energies up to E{approx}1 MeV is estimated to be (less-or-similar sign)4%. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Several different aspects of the influence of the target backing on in-beam electron spectra following compound nuclear reactions induced by accelerated ions at tandem energies irradiating backed targets are discussed in detail. This discussion is illustrated by a few typical examples, such as "1"2C"5"+ and "3"1P"1"0"+ beams at 4 MeV/u bombarding Sn(+Be), Sn(+Au), Pb(+C) backed targets. Moreover, the relative influence of electron backscattering, electron Doppler shift and Doppler broadening as well as #delta#-electron emission on the low energy electron spectra (E_e#<=#100 keV) obtained under such conditions are investigated in the frame of the available experimental data. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The influence of a periodic electromagnetic field on the radiative corrections to the atomic energy levels is studied for the case of ''strong fields'' for which the interaction between the atom and field is of the order or greater than the radiative effects. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the Schwinger-Dirac equation for the propagation function of a bound electron in the field and on the basis of the density matrix in the Furry representation. It is shown that in the strong field approximation the radiative shifts and widths are manifest as radiative corrections to the quasi-energies. In super-high resolution experiments intensity effects in the radiative corrections to the atomic levels are obtained in the case of single-photon resonance. Some multiphoton processes are condidered by taking into account the effect of the field on the radiative structure of the levels.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A mechanism is proposed for the previously observed [1] jump in erythrocyte fluidity through a microcapillary 1.3 ?m in diameter at a temperature of 36.6?0.3?C. Our interpretation is based on the experimental evidence both for existence of ortho and para H2O isomers in water and on spin-selective interaction of proteins with para H2O isomers as hydration shells of biomolecules are being formed [2]. It is important that the formation of hydration shells of proteins and DNA in aqueous solutions is accompanied by an increase in the Brillouin shift to 0.4 cm?1 (?0.25 cm?1 in water), which points to the formation of icelike structures. We believe that the coincidence of the translational energy kT of the Brownian motion and the energy of the rotational quanta for the 313?202 transition of para ...

Science.gov (United States)

Charge flow and valence/d-band behavior in ion-beam-mixed (IBM) Pd1-xAgx (x = 0.5-0.9) alloys have been studied by X-ray photoemission measurement of the valence bands and of core-level binding energy shifts and X-ray absorption near-edge structure. We correlated the observed Ag 3d5/2 core-level shifts in these IBM alloys, relative to the elemental Ag, with the White Line area changes at the Pd and Ag L3-edge to investigate the charge redistribution at the Ag site. The results indicate that there is a decrease in sp-like conduction electron and a negligible change in the number of d-electrons at the Ag site upon alloying. These results are in line with our previous results in which Pd gains d-charges and loses sp-type charges. This electron redistribution due to hybridization in the alloy leads small net charge transfer from the Ag site to the Pd site in accordance with electronegativity predictions. This result is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Government facilities and services are often the largest energy users and major purchasers of energy-using equipment within a country. In developing as well as industrial countries, government ''leadership by example'' can be a powerful force to shift the market toward energy efficiency, complementing other elements of a national energy efficiency strategy. Benefits from more efficient energy management in government facilities and operations include lower government energy bills, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, less demand on electric utility systems, and in many cases reduced dependence on imported oil. Even more significantly, the government sector's buying power and example to others can generate broader demand for energy-efficient products and services, creating entry ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background and objectives: Management of incidental renal artery and kidney abnormalities in patients undergoing computed tomography scans is a clinical challenge because their frequency in healthy...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Sixty-six patients in whom the macula was detached before surgery were observed for at least 1 year after retinal reattachment. Macular abnormalities were recognised clinically in most patients with...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Details of ion transporting abnormalities in cystic fibrosis airway epithelium are now known. The central hypothesis, that excessive drying of the airway surfaces is a primary event that leads to all...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundPregnancies complicated by abnormal umbilical artery Doppler blood flow patterns often result in the baby being born both preterm and growth-restricted. These babies are...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new series of heteroleptic cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes Pt-1a-f was synthesized, employing 2-arylpyridine (or 1-arylisoquinoline) (HC{sup L}AMDAN-1) and 1,3-bis(3,4-dibutoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione (HO{sup L}AMDAO-1) for cyclometalation and as ancillary ligands, respectively, and photoluminescent properties were investigated. Focusing on red-shifted phosphorescence, C{sup L}AMDAN ligands containing pi-extended aromatics and electron-rich heterocycles were examined. All obtained complexes exhibited photoluminescence at ambient temperature, and the emission maxima ranged from green (lambda{sub PL}=518 nm) to far red (lambda{sub PL}=708 nm). The large Stokes shifts of more than 100 nm and sub-microsecond or microsecond emission lifetimes revealed that these complexes are phosphorescent emissive. The quantum yield of Pt-1 ranged from 0.02 to 0.59 at ambient temperature and decreased as the emission maximum was ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The UK government's economy-wide 60% carbon dioxide reduction target by 2050 requires a paradigm shift in the whole energy system. Numerous analytical studies have concluded that the power sector is a critical contributor to a low carbon energy system, and electricity generation has dominated the policy discussion on UK decarbonisation scenarios. However, range of technical, social and market challenges, combined with alternate market investment strategies mean that large scale deployment of key classes of low carbon electricity technologies is fraught with uncertainty. The UK MARKAL energy systems model has been used to investigate these long-term uncertainties in key electricity generation options. A range of power sector specific parametric sensitivities have been performed under a 'what-if' framework to provide a systematic exploration of least-cost energy system configurations ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The availability of new, high-intensity, cold and thermal neutron sources has opened the possibility of performing high-precision fundamental neutron physics experiments, including measurements that study the hadronic weak interaction and standard model test measurements, using neutron decay. The observables in these experiments are usually correlated with the direction of neutron polarization and are often very small (10 8 10 6). Mott-Schwinger scattering of polarized neutrons can produce spin-dependent shifts in beam centroids, which has the potential to produce significant systematic effects for these types of experiments. An accurate calculation of this process for neutral atoms and basic molecules has not been carried out for low neutron energies. In this work, we derive a general expression for the electromagnetic (Mott-Schwinger) contributions to the analyzing power for low-energy neutron scattering. We obtain ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The results that can be expected by e#gamma# and #gamma##gamma# colliders in future are summarized. e#gamma# and #gamma##gamma# colliders have many fine possibilities, and are the economical selection for utilizing future e"+e"- colliders more effectively. e#gamma# and #gamma##gamma# colliders were proposed by former USSR researchers at the beginning of 1980s, but recently, the prospect of realizing future e"+e"- collision type linear accelerator projects has become high, they have become to be considered seriously as the option of remodeling them. The high energy photon beam of e#gamma# and #gamma##gamma# colliders is obtained by causing Compton reverse scattering, irradiating laser beam to the electron beam of e"+e"- accelerators. The production of #gamma#-beam is explained. As for the physics noteworthy in e#gamma# colliders, abnormal gauge coupling, the formation of Higgs particles, excited leptons, lepto-quark, supersymmetric particles and ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

The observation that Type Ia supernovae are fainter than expected given their red shifts has led to the conclusion that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. The widely accepted hypothesis is that this acceleration is caused by a cosmological constant or, more generally, some dark energy field that pervades the universe. This hypothesis presents a challenge to physics so severe that one is motivated to explore alternative explanations. In this paper, we explore whether the data from Type Ia supernovae can be explained with an idea that is almost as old as that of the cosmological constant, namely, that the strength of gravity varies on a cosmic timescale. This topic is an ideal one for investigation by an undergraduate physics major because the entire chain of reasoning from models to data analysis is well within the mathematical and conceptual sophistication of a motivated undergraduate.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A compression ignition engine was operated on dual fuel principle inducting two commercial fuels and four pure hydrocarbon fuels in turn through intake manifold along with air and injecting diesel fuel to initiate the combustion in the conventional manner. The engine was operated at different loads and at each load the quantity of inducted fuel was increased gradually till knocking set in. The engine performance and exhaust pollutant emissions were recorded at different operating conditions. It was observed that the extent of induction and the effect on the performance depend on the properties of the inducted fuel such as volatility, self ignition temperature and oxidation characteristics. The energy release during the cycle was also observed to shift depending on the properties of inducted fuel. With the dual fuel operation, the thermal efficiency at part loads was observed to be less compared to neat diesel operation. The thermal efficiency ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molecular cluster predictions for electronic energy levels, wave functions, momentum densities, and Compton profiles of VO and VO_2 are examined within the Hartree-Fock-Slater model. VO_6 clusters are treated in O/subh/, D_4/subh/, and D_2/subh/ symmetry to obtain quantitative relations between distortion parameters and level shifts and splittings. Effects of the crystal environment are taken into account by a potential field. Results for VO are consistent with the augmented plane-wave band calculation of Mattheiss and x-ray emission data; the VO_2 levels are in good agreement with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. A sizable anisotropy is predicted for the Compton profile of VO and VO_2.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We carried out theoretical analyses based on ab initio calculations that incorporate free energy of the vapor phase in order to determine the initial growth process of cubic GaN on GaN (001)-(4x1). The results suggest that a N-adsorbed structure appears at the initial growth stage and then Ga adsorbs on the N-adsorbed GaN (001)-(4x1) surface. Considering this process, we performed Monte Carlo simulations. The results suggest that the maximum point of Ga coverage after supplying a Formula Not Shown monolayer of atoms shifted toward a Ga-rich condition from V/III=1.0.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pd/sub 2/Si layers produced by evaporation or sputtering onto silicon substrates were examined by high resolution electron microscopy, microdiffraction, X-ray, energy loss and Auger spectroscopy. The Si-Pd/sub 2/Si interfaces produced by evaporation were in all cases rougher and more polycrystalline than those produced by sputtering. X-ray microanalysis showed the predictable variation in palladium distribution across the interface but quantification did not produce the expected palladium-to-silicon ratios, primarily because of probe broadening and X-ray-induced fluorescence. Energy loss spectra showed plasmon energy shifts and changes in Si L edge shape due to bond formation with palladium. Auger data provided evidence for a small amount of oxygen at the Si-Pd/sub 2/Si interface. Electrical measurements of the ideality factor for Schottky barriers made from the materials produced higher values for the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The near normal incidence reflectivity of the ferromagnets U/sub 3/P/sub 4/ and U/sub 3/As/sub 4/ and the isostructural but diamagnetic compounds Th/sub 3/P/sub 4/ and Th/sub 3/As/sub 4/ has been measured from 0.03 to 12 eV. Trithorium tetraphosphide and tetraarsenide are shown to be indirect gap semiconductors with gap energies of 0.43 and 0.39 eV, respectively. U/sub 3/P/sub 4/ and U/sub 3/As/sub 4/ display similar sets of p..-->..d transitions than the corresponding thorium compounds, however, they are shifted by 0.85 eV to lower photon energies. It is concluded that the uranium compounds are metals due to a merging of the valence p band into the 6d conduction band giving direct experimental evidence for a p-f mixing effect of the same size. Energy level schemes are derived.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

According to the calculations, intensity of the KL_1L_2("3P_0) Auger transition should drastically increase with increasing atomic number Z due to the relativistic effects. However, this behavior was experimentally proved only for very few elements. A lack of enough precise experimental data in the atomic number region Z<45 does not enable one to distinguish between relativistic and non-relativistic approaches in this region. Thus for Z=38 the KL_1L_2("3P_0/"1P_1) intensity ratio was determined with relative uncertainty of 63 % in the only measurement with external excitation. Here we present results of our investigation of the KLL Auger electron spectrum of "8"8Sr generated in the EC decay of "8"8Y (T_1_/_2= 106.6 d). Electron spectra were measured with the 11 eV instrumental resolution using a combined electrostatic spectrometer. The present value of the KL_2L_3("1D_2) absolute transition energy in Sr is higher by 7.4 eV (i.e. more than 3#sigma#) then that ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marker experiments for studying the mass transport through a palladium silicide layer on a crystalline substrate during thermal oxidation at 700 to 850 deg C have been reported recently. In this work argon gas embedded in amorphous silicon during sputtering was implemented as the inert marker and the oxidation of PdSi was processed above 900 deg C. At this high-temperature oxidation silicon-rich silicide PdSisub(y), with y exceeding 5, may be obtained. This can be anticipated by considering the Pd-Si phase diagram which shows the liquid phase may appear at an annealing temperature above 892 deg C. As a result, a non-stoichiometric and non-uniform silicide layer may develop at the sample surface. Marker analysis showed that both palladium and silicon dissociated at the Pdsub(x)Si/ SiO_2 interface and moved to the substrate with the silicon being the dominant diffuser. The Rutherford backscattering spectra (RBS) showing the oxide film and composition isothermally annealed at 900 deg C is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A Tm{sup 3+}- Ho{sup 3+} -codoped single crystal of monoclinic BaY{sub 2}F{sub 8} has been characterized by means of high resolution FTIR spectroscopy in the wave number range 2000-24000 cm{sup -1} and in the temperature range 9-300 K. The energy level schemes of the two lanthanide ions as determined by the optical absorption spectra is presented, analyzed, and fitted within a single ion Hamiltonian model. The very small energy separation (about 0.6-1.6 cm{sup -1}) measured between the first and second sublevels of the ground state manifolds for both the ions is in line with the theoretical predictions. The impurity-phonon coupling is put into evidence by the thermally induced line shift and broadening, and by the detection of vibronic replicas of a few lines. (copyright 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The masses of proton rich nuclides in the vicinity of N=Z=43 were measured with the Penning trap mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP at GSI. These nuclei were produced in the fusion-evaporation reaction {sup 36}Ar+{sup 54}Fe at energies of 5.0 and 5.9 MeV/u and separated at the velocity filter SHIP. The data are of astrophysical interest since these nuclei are believed to be a part of the rp and {nu}p process paths. The masses of {sup 85}Mo and {sup 87}Tc were measured for the first time. The masses of another two nuclides, {sup 86,87}Mo, were determined for the first time in a direct mass measurement. For these nuclides the mass excess deviates from values of the 2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by up to 1.5 MeV, indicating a systematic shift of the mass surface in this region of the nuclear chart. Additionally, the masses of {sup 86}Zr and {sup 85}Nb were measured and found to be in agreement with the values obtained at JYFLTRAP. The experiment as well as ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

California's pacific coast stretches roughly over 11.5 latitudinal degrees, extending from about 32.5{sup o}N to 44{sup o}N. There is nearly 900nm of California coastline offering superior opportunity for wave energy use. The longitudinal position of the coast shifts eastward at two distinct locations: Punta Gorda just south of Cape Mendecino in the north and Point Conception in the south. The change in longitudinal orientation in southern California also coincides with significant change in California's bathymetry. The tilts in the longitudinal coastal lines at the two points also define California wave zones into three areas: the short coastal line north of Punta Gorda, the long north and middle line between the two points, and the short line of the heavily populated southern coast. The northern and central zones are characterized by high waves of relatively low frequency; the southern coast is characterized by low waves of ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Many mutations associated with retinal degeneration lead to the production of misfolded proteins by cells of the retina. Emerging evidence suggests that these abnormal proteins cause cell death...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... The AAT Z mutation involves a single amino acid substitution (glutamine for lysine) at position 342, resulting in abnormal folding and polymerization of the ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Several scientists have proposed that DNA repair deficiencies and the induction of a mutator phenotype are responsible for the generation of multiple mutagenic alterations in cancer cells. I propose...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The classical theory of collisional broadening and shift parameters (?, ?) of an isolated spectral line was used to obtain simple analytical formulas for calculating both ? and ?. These formulas were obtained on the assumption that the short range interaction is effective only in the broadening while the long range is effective in the shift of the spectral line. These parameters ? and ? depend on the limiting phase shifts responsible for broadening ?b and shift ??. It was found that the values of ?b and ?? are not equal to each other as was proposed by Weisskopf ?b=??=1. The maximum and average values of ?b (?bmax, ?bav) and ?? (??max, ??av) were obtained by numerical evaluation, using different inverse power potentials. By introducing these parameters into the approximated formulas for ? and ? using Van der Waals and Lennard-Jones potential, it was found that the results of calculations for (? and ?) ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Proposals that adaptation with left-shifting prisms induces neglect-like symptoms in normal individuals rely on a dissociation between the post-adaptation performance of individuals trained...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to elicit the subtle but progressive shift in organizational/institutional interaction with its rivals within a competitive framework, and thereby discusses and analyses paradigm shifts in competition and competitiveness. The paper argues that interorganizational networks and the recent concept of supply chain management may have induced a change in how competitiveness is viewed at the national, industry, and firm levels of interaction. Design/methodology/approach - The paper conceptualizes extant literature into distinct themes of (organizational and institutional) analysis - micro, macro, and meso - and based on this review the paper seeks to identify emerging logics and shifts within mainstream competitiveness literature over the last decade. Findi...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Biased above threshold (VT), pulsed photocurrent (u) measurements on windowed silicon Pd gate MOS capacitors are shifted (DV) negatively by H2/N2, whereas Au gates shift positively under NO2/air. Below VT, the shifts are reversed by adjustments of interface state population. Minor temperature increases may coax the device from inversion to depletion, inducing sign reversal of the chemical response.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manganese model complexes, relevant to the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in photosynthesis, were studied with Mn K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), Mn Kb X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and vibrational spectroscopy. A more detailed understanding was obtained of the influence of nuclearity, overall structure, oxidation state, and ligand environment of the Mn atoms on the spectra from these methods. This refined understanding is necessary for improving the interpretation of spectra of the OEC. Mn XANES and Kb XES were used to study a di-(mu)-oxo and a mono-(mu)-oxo di-nuclear Mn compound in the (III,III), (III,IV), and (IV,IV) oxidation states. XANES spectra show energy shifts of 0.8 - 2.2 eV for 1-electron oxidation-state changes and 0.4 - 1.8 eV for ligand-environment changes. The shifts observed for Mn XES spectra were approximately 0.21 eV for oxidation state-changes and only approximately 0.04 eV ...

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The acid-base behavior of the ground and excited states of Pt(qdt){sub 2}{sup 2{minus}} and Pt(phen)(qdt), where qdt=quinoxaline-2,3-dithiolate and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, has been studied. The pH-dependent changes in the charge-transfer absorption and emission spectra for both complexes are attributed to protonation of the quinoxalinedithiolate ligand at the imine nitrogen. For Pt(qdt){sub 2}{sup 2{minus}}, single protonation leads to a large red shift (2582 cm{sup {minus}1}) of the low-energy charge-transfer-to-dithiolate absorption band and the emergence of a new red-shifted emission feature at 728 nm. In solutions of pH below 6, a second protonation takes place at the other qdt ligand, yielding Pt-(Hqdt){sub 2}. This neutral complex has been isolated and characterized by {sup 1}H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The ground-state basicity constants of the two protonation steps have been determined from ...

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(12/11)CASSCF and (12/11)CASPT2 ab initio electronic structure calculations with both the cc-pVDZ and cc-pVTZ basis sets find that there is a barrier to the very exothermic hydrogen shift that converts singlet methylnitrene, CH{sub 3}N, to methyleneimine, H{sub 2}C{double{underscore}bond}NH. These two energy minima are connected by a transition structure of C{sub s} symmetry, which is computed to lie 3.8 kcal/mol above the reactant at the (12/11)CASPT2/cc-pVTZ//(12/11)CASSCF/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The (12/11)CASSCF/cc-pVTZ value for the lowest frequency vibration in the transition structure is 854 cm{sup {minus}1}, and CASPT2 calculations concur that this a{double{underscore}prime} vibration does indeed have a positive force constant. Thus, there is no evidence that this geometry is actually a mountain top, rather than a transition structure, on the global potential energy surface or that a C{sub 1} pathway of lower ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ultrasound examinations for foetal brain abnormalities have been a part of the routine antenatal screening programme in the UK for many years. In utero brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now being used increasingly successfully to clarify abnormal ultrasound findings, often resulting in a change of diagnosis or treatment plan. Interpretation requires an understanding of foetal brain development, malformations and acquired diseases. In this paper we will outline the technique of foetal MRI, relevant aspects of brain development and provide illustrated examples of foetal brain pathology.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Computed tomographic findings in developmental brain anomalies are more easily classified when the system used is based on embryogenesis related to morphology. Analysis of computed tomographic findings in a series of 154 patients with brain anomalies (Chiari malformation not included) revealed that specific examples of abnormalities occurring in major stages of brain development may be recognized by computed tomography. This paper deals with a group of patients with abnormalities that reflect a disturbance in neuronal migration. (orig.).

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The shifts induced by equimolar mixture of typical lanthanide shift reagent such as 2,2-dimethyl-6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-3,5-octadionato europium with silver trifluoroacetate in /sup 1/H NMR spectra of aromatic hydrocarbons have been used for analytical purposes; the NMR determination of m- and p-xylenes in mixtures has been chosen as an example. The use has been made of the difference between induced shifts of methyl group signals in the /sup 1/H NMR spectra of m- and p-xylenes. The magnitude of induced shifts of methyl groups signal in m-xylene is always larger than that of p-isomer, irrespective of contents of m- and p-xylenes in mixture.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dynamic quantitative bone scintigraphy was performed on 31 men with prostatic carcinoma before orchiectomy as well as 2 weeks, 2 and 6 months postoperatively. After injection of technetium methylene diphosphonate Tc 99m ("9"9"mTc-MDP) the count rate was recorded as serial images over the lower thoracic and all the lumbar vertebrae from 1 to 240 min post-injection. Thirteen men had normal bone scintigrams with no changes in "9"9"mTc-MDP content at the four different investigation times. Eighteen men had skeletal metastases. Throughout the study half of the abnormal vertebrae in these patients showed an abnormal count rate after only 6 min post-injection. After 1 h it was possible in almost all abnormal vertebrae to predict abnormal bone uptake. In response to therapy a 'flare phenomenon' with an increase in count rate was seen 2 weeks after orchiectomy followed by a decrease 2 months postoperatively in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fuel-injection system of the Niigata 6L 16X-AG dual-fuel engine is structured to steadily supply injected fuel during diesel-engine operation, and to distribute oil at a low rate to all the cylinders during gas-engine operation. The dual-fuel engine is started by the diesel engine operation and is changed over to gas-engine operation when the load increases. This change over is done automatically with a link mechanism. Regarding the gas-supply system, the changing pressure of supply gas is controlled by a pressure control valve which is stable and most adequate for the engine. The dual-fuel engine has the following features: (1) a high compression ratio is adopted, which reduces fuel consumption and thermal efficiently; (2) if the supply of gas decreases or stops, while continuing loaded operations, it can immediately shift to diesel engine operation automatically and continue the operation; (3) ignition is done by the injection of pilot oil, thus eliminating ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The masses of the proton-rich nuclides {sup 85,86,87}Mo and {sup 87}Tc have been measured with the Penning trap mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP at GSI. The measured mass excesses of these nuclei deviate from the values of the Atomic Mass Evaluation 2003 by up to 1.6 MeV, indicating a systematic shift of the mass surface in this region compared to previous measurements. A local mass extrapolation based on the new results has been made for the mass range A=80-95. Measured and extrapolated mass values and the derived separation energies have been compared to theoretical mass models. Taking into account the new mass excess values, rp-process network calculations have been performed. Preliminary results show changes in the final abundances for A=86-92 by up to a factor of 30. Results of measurements and calculations are presented, and the issue of a potential Zr-Nb cycle is addressed.

Science.gov (United States)

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a process in which an oxygen carrier is used for fuel combustion instead of air or pure oxygen as shown in the figure below. The combustion is split into air and fuel reactors where the oxidation of the oxygen carrier and the reduction of the oxidized metal occur respectively. The CLC system provides a sequestration-ready CO2 stream with no additional energy required for separation. This major advantage places combustion looping at the leading edge of a possible shift in strict control of CO2 emissions from power plants. Research in this novel technology has been focused in three distinct areas: techno-economic evaluations, integration of the system into power plant concepts, and experimental development of oxygen carrier metals such as Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Ca. Our recent thorough literature review shows that multiphase fluid dynamics modeling for CLC is not available in the open literature. ...

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been conducted on a new fuel cell electrocatalytic material based on a highly porous carbonized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) microcellular foam with very low platinum loading ({approximately}13 to 23 {micro}g/cm{sup 2}). TEM images of this material clearly show the existence of nanometer size platinum particles which are homogeneously distributed in the highly porous carbonized PAN matrix. An XPS study of Pt-loaded PAN indicates that C 1s, O 1s, and N 1s peaks shift to lower binding energies, compared to virgin PAN. It was concluded that special metal-support interaction exists, through the formation of a charge-transfer complex between platinum and pyridine-type nitrogen atoms of PAN support. This interaction leads to the enhancement of the catalytic activity, and the improvement of the long-time stability of this electrocatalyst.

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The effects of dilute impurity doping on charge-density wave (CDW) structures and gaps in NbSe{sub 3} 1T-TaS{sub 2} and 2H-NbSe{sub 2} have been studied by using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operating at 4.2 K. In Fe doped samples of NbSe{sub 3} the STM spectroscopy measurements indicate that the added impurities can significantly shift the CDW energy gaps. In NbSe{sub 3}, Fe reduces both CDW gaps by 25-30%, and produces changes in the conductance structure relative to the pure material. The images of Fe{sub 0.01}NbSe{sub 3} show that all three surface chains in the unit cell still carry a strong CDW modulation with no evident disorder. However, a change in the relative amplitudes of the high and low temperature CDWs is detected. The effects of Co and Ni impurities on the gaps in NbSe{sub 3} have also been studied. While Co increases both by 25-30%, Ni increases only the high temperature gap with the low temperature gap remaining ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It has been understood that production of hydrogen from fossil and carbonaceous fuels with reduced CO{sub 2} emission to the atmosphere is key to the production of hydrogen-rich fuels for mitigating the CO{sub 2} greenhouse gas climate change problem. The conventional methods of hydrogen production from fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas and biomass) include steam reforming and water gas shift mainly of natural gas (SRM). In order to suppress CO{sub 2} emission from the steam reforming process, CO{sub 2} must be concentrated and sequestered either in or under the ocean or underground (in aquifers, or depleted oil or gas wells). Up to about 40% of the energy is lost in this process. An alternative process is the pyrolysis or the thermal decomposition of methane, natural gas (TDM) to hydrogen and carbon. The carbon can either be sequestered or sold on the market as a materials commodity or used as a fuel at a later date under less severe CO{sub 2} ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose/Objective: At present, treatment verification between portal and reference images is performed based on manually-identified features by radiation oncologist, which is both time-consuming and potentially error-prone. There is a demand for the computerized verification procedure in clinical application. The purpose of this study is to develop a computerized portal verification scheme for pelvic treatment fields. Materials/Methods: The automated verification system involves image acquisition, image feature extraction, feature matching between reference and portal images and quantitative evaluation of patient setup. Electronic portal images with a matrix size of 256 x 256 and 12 bit gray levels were acquired using a liquid matrix electronic portal imaging device. Simulation images were acquired by digitizing simulation films using a TV camera into images with 256 x 256 matrix and 8 bit gray levels. Initially a Canny edge detector is applied to identify the field edges and an ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The resonance line shift of a series of A-15 structures (V_3Pt, Vsub(0.76)Ptsub(0.24) and Vsub(0.62)Irsub(0.38) is measured as a function of temperature in the superconducting state. A method will be described to separate the contribution of the diamagnetism of the superconductor (Meissner effect) and that of the Knight shift to this line shift. From the temperature dependence of the Knight shift of the V atoms the sum of the s and d contribution to the Knight shift can be determined. In these three compounds the s and d contributions appear to cancel out nearly. Moreover the temperature dependence of kappa_2 can be calculated from the measurements. The values of kappa_2 extrapolated at T=Tsub(c) are about 70 for these samples. From the obtained sum of Ksub(s) and Ksub(d) and the data of the susceptibility or of the specific heat of these samples Ksub(s) and Ksub(d) can be ...

Science.gov (United States)

Spontaneous emission in photonic crystals with anisotropic three-dimensional dispersion relation is studied. If the upper level is below a characteristic frequency omega(1), or above omega(2), or between omega(1) and omega(2), the radiation is a localized field with a frequency in the band gap, or a propagating field with a frquency in the band, or a diffusion field, respectively. An analytical expression for the Lamb shift is obtained. The Lamb shift for the current case is small compared to that in an ordinary vacuum or in one- or two-dimensional photonic crystals due to lower density of states. PMID:11017227

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In abnormal conditions, the operator's ability to deal with a large volume of data, and initiate the most appropriate remedial action is a fundamental concern in the design of energy control centers. Once a severe disruption has occurred in the power network, a series of tasks are required before the operator can make any decisions. Many of these functions involve computational efforts, and require a long period of processing time. The application of a wrong set of information by the operator may result in a catastrophic recovery situation. Also, as the system becomes larger, the required time for these tasks grows significantly and the operator may have very little time to analyze the contingency and issue a proper decision. These facts have led to the conclusion that a computer driven decision making mechanism will help the operator perform duties with minimum flaws and maximum efficiency. The challenge in applying an expert system ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundSister species divergence and reproductive isolation commonly results from ecological adaptation. In mimetic Heliconius butterflies, shifts in colour pattern...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Jan - Feb 1981). United Kingdom Kung, HF Tramposch, K. Blau, M. Buffalo

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Several studies of facilitated communication have demonstrated that the facilitators were controlling and directing the typing, although they appeared to be unaware of doing so. Such results shift...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... Biomedical measures were also collected. Four 82nd Airborne Division teams performed high workload operations without shifts. ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Ophthalmologic abnormalities have been described in patients with dementia, but the extent to which poor vision and treatment for visual disorders affect cognitive decline is not well defined. Linked...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The metal parts of cardiac valve prostheses cause reactions in the surrounding tissues of the heart. In some dogs rather abnormal reactions were found, and were attributed to corrosion of the stainless...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Purpose.The cornea is protected by apical hydrophilic transmembrane mucins and tears. In pathologic states the mucin barrier is disrupted, creating potential for meibomian lipids...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIn β-thalassemia, profound anemia and severe hemosiderosis cause functional and physiological abnormalities in various organ systems. In recent years, there have...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper discusses the clinical application and main objective of testicular imaging. The authors present cases that represent a spectrum of the abnormalities which might be detected by testicular imaging, with special attention given to testicular torsion and the acute diseases which may mimic it clinically. Accuracy of the test is noted.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Patent arterial duct (PAD) is a congenital heart abnormality defined as persistent patency in term infants older than three months. Isolated PAD is found in around 1 in 2000 full term infants. A higher...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The inflammatory process has direct effects on normal and abnormal wound healing. Hypertrophic scar formation is an aberrant form of wound healing and is an indication of an exaggerated function of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Myelination is an important process in brain development, and delays or abnormalities in this process have been associated with a number of conditions including autism, developmental delay,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Obesity and metabolic syndrome result from excess calorie intake and genetic predisposition and are mechanistically linked to type II diabetes and accelerated body aging; abnormal nutrient and insulin...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease in humans and is characterized by progressive cyst formation, renal enlargement, and abnormal tubular development....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Path analysis was used to determine the interrelationships between postpartum administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and cloprostenol and the occurrence of reproductive disease and reproductive...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic transmission is critical for normal cortical function and is likely abnormal in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. We tested the in...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine if there were focal cortical abnormalities in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) using neuropsychological investigations and MRI.Methods:Twenty-eight...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The performance of the Lung Imaging Fluorescence Endoscope (LIFE) system was compared with conventional bronchoscopy in 158 patients: 68 patients with invasive cancer, 42 patients with abnormal sputum...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aim: To create nomograms for renal size as measured from DMSA renal studies, and to test the nomograms for their ability to separate normal from abnormal kidneys. Method: Renal length was measured from posterior oblique views and renal area from posterior views. Results from 253 patients with bilateral normal kidneys were used to create nomograms for renal size relative to patient age, body height, weight or body surface area (BSA). The nomograms enclosed 95% of the normal kidneys, thus indicating the range for 95% confidence limits, and hence the specificity. Each nomogram was then tested against 46 hypertrophied kidneys and 46 damaged kidneys. Results: The results from nomograms of renal length and renal area, compared to age, body height, body weight and BSA are presented. For each nomogram, the range is presented as a fraction of the mean value, and the number of abnormal kidneys (hypertrophied or damaged) outside the normal range is ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

There are many methods to screen for abnormal amounts of proteinuria to identify patients at risk for progression of renal disease, but which method best predicts renal risk is unknown. Here, we analyzed...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Fuji computed radiography (FCR) in the detection of interstitial pulmonary infiltrates, FCR life-size images at a pixel size of 0.1 mm were compared with conventional radiographs taken on the same day. Seventeen radiologists assessed the radiographs and FCR images of 56 cases, including 39 cases of various interstitial lung diseases such as interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary abnormalities associated with collagen disease, sarcoidosis, multiple pulmonary metastases, diffuse panbronchiolitis and pulmonary emphysema, and 17 normal controls. All of the pulmonary abnormalities were confirmed by high resolution CT. Observer performance tests were carried out using receiver operating characteristic analysis. In 21 cases of increased pulmonary density revealed by high resolution CT, FCR was significantly superior to conventional radiographs in the detection of reticular or linear shadows. In 11 cases of subtle ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Forty children with the fetal alcohol syndrome were identified in the west of Scotland. All were growth retarded and had abnormal facial features, and all those who were tested were found to have neurological...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Observations made during biochemical and toxicological studies of the housefly, in which the WHO standard reference (SR) strain was used as a standard, indicated that this strain differs from other...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Examination and assessment of 140 liveborn and stillborn infants referred within two weeks of birth for chromosome analysis showed that 48 had Down's syndrome, 12 other chromosome abnormalities, 17...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Post-mortem magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is of increasing interest not only as an alternative to autopsy but as a research tool to aid the interpretation and diagnosis of in utero MR images. The information from the post-mortem MR has allowed the development of imaging sequences applicable to in utero imaging and neonatal imaging. It has established brain development during gestation and has provided data on this to which in utero MR can be compared. The detail available from the post-mortem images is such that brain development can be studied in a non-invasive manner, a permanent record on the normal and abnormal areas is available and a greater understanding of developmental abnormalities is possible.

Science.gov (United States)

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of central vein stenosis and occlusion following upper extremity placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheters(PICCs) and venous ports. One hundred fifty-four patients who underwent venography of the ipsilateral central veins prior to initial and subsequent venous access device insertion were retrospectively identified. All follow-up venograms were interpreted at the time of catheter placement by one interventional radiologist over a 5-year period and compared to the findings on initial venography. For patients with central vein abnormalities, hospital and home infusion service records and radiology reports were reviewed to determine catheter dwelltime and potential alternative etiologies of central vein stenosis or occlusion. The effect of catheter caliber and dwell time on development of central vein abnormalities was evaluated. Venography performed prior to initial ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Marburg virus belongs to the genus Marburgvirus in the family Filoviridae and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever, known as Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF), in both humans and nonhuman primates. Similar to the more widely known Ebola hemorrhagic fever, MHF is characterized by systemic viral replication, immunosuppression and abnormal inflammatory responses. These pathological features of the disease contribute to a number of systemic dysfunctions including hemorrhages, edema, coagulation abnormalities and, ultimately, multiorgan failure and shock, often resulting in death. A detailed understanding of the pathological processes that lead to this devastating disease remains elusive, a fact that contributes to the lack of licensed vaccines or effective therapeutics. This article will review the...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In its beginning, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Environmental Management (EM) viewed private industry as lacking adequate technology know-how to meet demands of hazardous and radioactive waste problems at the DOE`s laboratories and nuclear weapons production facilities. In November 1989, EM`s Office of Technology Development (recently renamed the Office of Science and Technology) embarked on a bold program of developing and demonstrating {open_quotes}innovative{close_quotes} waste cleanup technologies that would be safer, faster, more effective, and less expensive than the {open_quotes}baseline{close_quotes} commercial methods. This program has engaged DOE sites, national laboratories, and universities to produce preferred solutions to the problems of handling and treating DOE wastes. More recently, much of this work has shifted to joint efforts with private industry partners to accelerate the use of newly developed technologies ...

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A technique involving shifting of core fuel loadings was investigated as a method for reducing the neutron flux at points of high damage accumulation in the pressure vessel wall of a light water reactor. Calculations were run for six types of commercial generic PWR. Information is provided on the progress being made to develop and apply the Solid State Track Recorder (SSTR) method for in-situ in- and ex-vessel measurements of neutron exposure parameter values, such as fluence (E > 1.0 MeV) and dpa in iron. A new technique of quantitative track counting, the Buffon needle method, is advanced. It is based on random sampling of the SSTR surface. A desensitized etching technique was developed that resulted in an excellent differential energy response for alpha particles in the 3- to 14-MeV energy range. The optical efficiency of Muscovite mica for manual fission track counting is being redetermined to form a data base for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Non-radiative energy transfers (ET) from Ce3+ to Pr3+ in Y3Al5O12:Ce3+, Pr3+ and from Sm3+ to Eu3+ in CaMoO4:Sm3+, Eu3+ are studied based on photoluminescence spectroscopy and fluorescence decay patterns. The result indicates an electric dipole-dipole interaction that governs ET in the LED phosphors. For Ce3+ concentration of 0.01 in YAG:Ce3+, Pr3+, the rate constant and critical distance are evaluated to be 4.5x10-36 cm6 s-1 and 0.81 nm, respectively. An increase in the red emission line of Pr3+ relative to the yellow emission band of Ce3+, on increasing Ce3+ concentration is observed. This behavior is attributed to the increase of spectral overlap integrals between Ce3+ emission and Pr3+ excitation due to the fact that the yellow band shifts to the red spectral side with increasing Ce3+ concentration. In CaMoO4:Sm3+, Eu3+, Sm3+-Eu3+ transfer occurs from 4G5/2 of Sm3+ to 5D0 of Eu3+. The rate constant of 8.5x10-40 cm6 s-1 and the critical ...

Science.gov (United States)

We present an image of the rupture propagation of the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake using records from a dense network of local strong motion stations. We back-propagate high-frequency waveforms in 3D with a method, similar to reverse time migration, to obtain an estimate of the distribution of radiated high-frequency seismic energy in space and time. The image is forced to be coherent at the known hypocenter location and the quake origin time by applying small static time shifts obtained using waveform cross-correlation. We observe that the Parkfield earthquake radiated a distinct secondary high-frequency phase, which is located about 12.5~km northwest of the hypocenter with an onset of seismic radiation about 5~s after the rupture initiation. The time history of the back-projection suggests a rupture velocity of 2.5~km/s between hypocenter and subevent. The back-projection result is confirmed by inversion of picked arrival times of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Looking at some of the national and international developments in hydrogen technology it becomes clear which important contributions the hydrogen technology oriented activities of the EU have helped to prepare and trigger: (a) Transport Energy Strategy (TES): This initiative of 7 major German automobile and mineral oilcompanies is aimed at an industrial consensus on one or two gasoline alternative fuels, which are to be presented to the German Ministry of Transport. An intermediate trend is that hydrogen may become the fuel of choice. (b) BMW: The Bayerischen Motorenwerke have already very early exposed themselves to the vehicle and component development of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel, focussing on a strategy from CNG to LNG and LH{sub 2}. (c) Opel and GM: Opel has recently announced they have chosen hydrogen as the primary long term fuel for their fuel cell vehicles to be commercialized starting in 2004. (d) CFCP: The California Fuel Cell Partnership with partners ...

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Presently available relativistic and nonrelativistic effective interactions do not predict the same behavior for the isotope shifts in the Pb region.We analyze this difference and find that it is related to the characteristics of the spin-orbit term used in the parametrizations. We show that a simple modification of the spin-orbit contribution to the nonrelativistic Skyrme functional solves this problem. ((orig.))

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Following the successful application of hydrostatic pressure in mechanistic investigations of organic reactions, chemists have launched a vigorous effort to apply this tool to substitution reactions of coordination compounds. The authors began to study pressure effects in the NMR spectra of keton-lanthanide combination with the hope that the increase shifts anticipated might enhance the utility of the method, perhaps even expand its applicability to new classes of compounds. 5-Phenyl- and 5-tert-butyladamantan-2-one, piperidine, tetrahydrofuran, and cyclopentanol exhibited pressure-reduced lanthanide-induced shifts with Eu(fod)/sub 3/; Yb(fob)/sub 3/ and the shielding reagent Pr(fod)/sub 3/ showed the same effect with adamantanone. Solvent variations (CD/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/, CCl/sub 4/) caused minor changes in the magnitude of these shifts but did not reverse any. With the objective of learning whether these effects are due to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Waste management has gone through a history of shifting problems, demands, and strategies over the years. In contrast to the long prevailing view that the problem could be solved by hiding or moving it, waste is now viewed as a problem ranging from local to global concern, and as being an integral part of several sectors in society. Decisive for this view has been society's increasing complexity and thus the increasing complexity of waste, together with a general development of environmental consciousness, moving from local focus on point emission sources, to regional and global issues of more complex nature. This thesis is about the development and application ORWARE; a model for computer aided environmental systems analysis of municipal waste management. Its origin is the hypothesis that widened perspectives are needed in waste management decision-making to avoid severe sub-optimisation of environmental performance. With a strong foundation in life cycle ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The windmill industry in Denmark is currently confronted with making a choice between competing technologies so that the role of the stimulus of state subsidies for research has lately increased in importance. The Ministry of Energy, it is claimed, must be aware of this as possibilities for making use of research results are dictated by the market and competition. The industry is not sympathetic to the idea of state research contracts with specified goals for which manufacturers must produce a technical solution. Consultancy firms should work towards solving general problems which could help the industry as a whole. Wind turbines which are cheap to produce and operate are of more interest to industry than those which are technologically advanced or of a lighter construction. It is not thought to be advantageous to concentrate the allocation of subsidies on one key project chosen by the Ministry itself, such as the current intense interest in turbine blades. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study the relation between size and star formation activity in a complete sample of 225 massive (M_* > 5 x 10"1"0 M _s_u_n) galaxies at 1.5 < z < 2.5, selected from the FIREWORKS UV-IR catalog of the CDFS. Based on stellar population synthesis model fits to the observed rest-frame UV-NIR spectral energy distributions, and independent MIPS 24 #mu#m observations, 65% of the galaxies are actively forming stars, while 35% are quiescent. Using sizes derived from two-dimensional surface brightness profile fits to high-resolution (FWHM_P_S_F #approx# 0.''45) ground-based ISAAC data, we confirm and improve the significance of the relation between star formation activity and compactness found in previous studies, using a large, complete mass-limited sample. At z #approx# 2, massive quiescent galaxies are significantly smaller than massive star-forming galaxies, and a median factor of 0.34 #+-# 0.02 smaller than galaxies of similar mass in the local universe. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels are subjected to neutron irradiation at a temperature of about 290 deg C. This radiation exposure alters the mechanical properties, leading to a shift of the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature toward higher temperatures and to a diminution of the rupture energy as determined by Charpy V-notch tests. This radiation embrittlement is one of the important aging factors of nuclear power plants. U.S. NRC recommended the basic requirements for the determination of the pressure vessel fluence by regulatory guide DG-1025 in order to reduce the uncertainty in the determination of neutron fluence calculation and measurements. The determination of the pressure vessel fluence is based on both calculations and measurements. The fluence prediction is made with a calculation and the measurements are used to qualify the calculational methodology. Because of the importance and the difficulty of these calculations, the ...

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The overall purpose of this project is to evaluate the biological and economic feasibility of restoring high-quality forests on mined land, and to measure carbon sequestration and wood production benefits that would be achieved from forest restoration procedures. In this quarterly report, we present a preliminary comparison of the carbon sequestration potential of forests growing on 14 mined sites in a seven-state region in the Midwestern and Eastern Coalfields. Carbon contents of these forests were compared to adjacent forests on non-mined land. The study was installed as a 3 x 3 factorial in a random complete block design with three replications at each location. The treatments include three forest types (white pine, hybrid poplar, mixed hardwood) and three silvicultural regimes (competition control, competition control plus tillage, competition control plus tillage plus fertilization). Each individual treatment plot is 0.5 acres. Each block of nine plots requires 4.5 acres, and the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Results of self-consistent local-spin-density-functional calculations are reported for the first time for the Ni(110) surface, represented by one-, three-, and five-layer slabs. Calculations for one- and five-layer slabs of Ni(100) are also reported. The behavior of the surface magnetization with varying slab thickness elucidates the nature and origin of the surface magnetic moment. We predict a 13% enhancement of the Ni(110) surface magnetic moment compared to the bulk value. For the Ni(100) surface, we find a smaller surface enhancement about 7%, compared to bulk, which agrees with the results of Jepsen et al. The enhancement of surface magnetic moments on Ni(100) and Ni(110) surfaces is attributed to s-d dehybridization at the surface and to the presence of electrostatic shifts required to maintain layer-by-layer charge neutrality. We find that the total d-electron charge is the same in each layer, which contradicts the sp-to-d charge transfer found by Tersoff ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uniform and transparent thin films of Zn_1_-_xCo_xO (0 #=# 0.035, CoO (cubic) was detected as the secondary phase. Influence of Co addition on the volume fraction of grain boundaries has been interpreted. Increase in Co content in the range 0 #<=# x #<=# 0.10 led to quenching of near-band edge and blue emissions, decrease in band gap energy (E_g) from 3.36 eV to 3.26 eV, decrease in film thickness and refractive index and an increase in extinction coefficient of Zn_1_-_xCo_xO thin films. The change in nature of stress from compressive to tensile with lower to higher doping of Co is corroborative with the angular peak shift of (002) plane of ZnO lattice. An overall increase in microhardness of Zn_1_-_xCo_xO thin films up to x = 0.05 is attributed to change in microstructure and evolution of secondary phase and as the secondary phase separates out the overall stress is released leading to lowering of hardness after this concentration. ...

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A geothermal heat pump-assisted heating system is introduced into Changchun City and a survey is conducted to determine if the system may be popularized in this extremely cold region located in the northeastern part of China. In concrete terms, the hot water that circulates through the office building of Changchun Ground Heat Development Co., Ltd., is switched to hot water prepared by a geothermal heat pump. The test continued from December 2000 to March 2001. It is then concluded that heating by geothermal heat pumps will be fully serviceable to Changchun City. Implemented are (1) the shift from the coal fired boiler system to a geothermal heat pump system comprising 16 subterranean heat exchangers for the heating of the office building which is approximately 1000 m{sup 2} large, (2) long-term monitoring of the operating conditions, (3) measurement of subterranean heat exchanger thermal conductivity and subterranean temperature, and (4) the study of pipe shapes ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An experimental study and a theoretical simulation were made of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) conversion into shifted components. It was found that there were optimal values of the pressure and focal distance for conversion into the first 'blue' satellite of the first Stokes component. A study was made of the spatial and temporal dynamics of SRS conversion, which took into account generation of the shifted components. It was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that the satellite intensity could be enhanced significantly by additional electron-collision excitation of the vibrational levels in the conversion medium or by the application of pairs of pump pulses. The maximum efficiency of conversion to the first 'blue' satellite of the first Stokes component was 10% and the satellite intensity reached one-third of the intensity of the main Stokes line. (nonlinear optical phenomena and devices)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Normal state nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the La_3In, La_3Tl compounds have been made in order to investigate the origin of the large temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility. It is possible to analyse the different contributions to the susceptibility using Knight-shift and relaxation time T_1 measurements of In"1"1"5 and Tl"2"0"5 nuclei. The exchange enhancement of the spin-susceptibility chisub(pd) is of the same order as that found in A-15 compounds and the strong temperature-dependence of chi(T) is attributed to the presence of a peak in the electronic density of states near the Fermi level. The variation of the Knight-shift in the ternary alloys La_3Xsub(1-y)Xsub(y)sup(') is analogous to that observed in the corresponding La_3X phases, on the other hand the Knight-shift in the carbides La_3XC is temperature independent. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose To evaluate the methods of applicator reconstruction in 3D MR-based planning for brachytherapy of cervical cancer, and to investigate applicator shifts and changes in DVH parameters during PDR treatment. Methods For each application MR scans with applicator in situ were made: three T2-weighted (4.5mm slices) Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) scans and a balanced Steady State Free Precession scan (1.5mm). Three observers tested two applicator reconstruction methods: (A) directly on the bSSFP scan and (B) on a resampled combination of the three T2-weighted scans. For 10 patients MR imaging was repeated on the second day of each PDR fraction to determine applicator shifts and changes in DVH parameters. Results For both applicator reconstruction methods the interobserver variation for the DVH para...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An adaptive power system stabilizer (APSS) employing a new self-optimizing pole shifting control strategy and its application to a power system are described in this paper. Based on an identified model of the system, the control is computed by an algorithm which shifts the closed-loop poles of the system to some optimal locations inside the unit circle in the z-domain to minimize a given performance criterion. With the self-optimization property, outside intervention in the controller design procedure is minimized, thus simplifying the tuning procedure during commissioning. Also, a new method of calculating the variable forgetting factor in real-time parameter identification is discussed. Studies show that the proposed APSS can provide good damping of the power system over a wide operating range and significantly improve the dynamic performance of the system.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Six patients with eosinophilic granuloma were studied retrospectively in order to correlate the MRI appearances with the pathology. Ages ranged from 2 years 6 months to 11 years. The bones involved were the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, clavicle and ilium. Plain films, MRI and pathology specimens were obtained. A lytic lesion with indistinct margins, endosteal erosions and periosteal reaction was seen in all cases on plain radiographs. Bone marrow signal was decreased on T1-weighted images and increased on T2-weighted images throughout the bony lesion in all cases. T2-weighted images showed extensive soft-tissue abnormalities suggesting inflammatory changes in four cases. In two cases abnormalities were limited. Extensive changes correlated histologically with an early phase lesion. Localized minor changes were associated with a mid-phase lesion. Inflammatory soft-tissue changes could be associated with eosinophilic granuloma. The size of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The MRI and CT appearances in 48 patients with histologically confirmed benign and malignant pleural abnormalities were compared retrospectively. Abnormal pleural changes were shown in 47 out of the 48 patients by high signal intensity of the pleura in T_2-weighted sequences and in contrast enhanced T_1-weighted sequences on MRI. CT showed abnormalities in 45 out of 48 patients. Delineation of pleural and pulmonary changes by CT was possible in 13 out of 23 cases, and pleural disease from effusions in 15 out of 28 cases. T_2-weighted MRI was successful in 14 out of 23 and 4 out of 28 cases, respectively. T_1-weighted images after contrast were successful in 20 out of 23 and 22 out of 28 cases, respectively. Indications of malignant pleural disease were the presence of mediastinal or circumferential involvement or involvement of the entire pleura, thickness of more than 10 mm and nodular changes. The most reliable sign of ...

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In our evaluation we utilized the Asahi Mark-J NMR-CT system, with a resistive vertical quadrupolar electromagnet (0.1 Tesla) and a proton resonance frequency of 4.5 MHz. Our main imaging methods are the inversion-recovery or IR, saturation-recovery, or SR, and calculated T/sub 1/. Difference, or D images, constructed by subtracting the data of the IR signal from that of the SR signal, have also been obtained in some cases. The system allows averaging of raw data. Hybrid images were constructed from two or more images to obtain clear definition of areas of interest. By using the hybrid image, several tissues of different relaxation times can be shown in the same image. Application in our study of the newly developed hybrid image indicates its importance in the detection and diagnosis of lesion, especially the detection of the differentiation of an edematous lesion from a tumor, and also abnormal fluid collection such as the pleural effusion or ascites. We hope that ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: To describe CT appearances in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) 20 years after bone graft surgery. Material and Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients with unilateral CLP were examined. All patients had been treated with primary closure, both in infancy and early childhood, supplemented with bone grafting at the age of around 10 years. The CT examination of the upper jaw included a dental CT program. The CT appearances of the cleft side were compared with those of the untreated non-cleft side. Results: Abnormal CT appearances included skew nasal aperture (n=17), nasal septal deviation (n=17), low floor of nasal aperture (n=15) at or towards the cleft side, and deviation of anterior nasal spine towards the non-cleft side (n=18). The posterior part of the bone cleft was visible in all patients, and the dental arch was V-shaped in 8. Conclusion: Although adherence to the present treatment protocol is considered to give satisfactory ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quantitative bone scintigraphy was performed at 4 and 24 h after injection of "9"9"mTc-MDP. The lower thoracic and all the lumbar vertebrae were recorded in 37 patients with prostatic carcinoma before orchiectomy as well as two weeks, two and six months postoperatively. Fourteen patients had normal bone scintigrams. By means of the measured variation in the count rate between normal vertebrae, the criterion for a vertebra to be considered as abnormal was determined using the 4 h-uptake values. For patients with normal scintigrams the count rate at 24 h was below the 4 h level and the mean 24 h/4 h ratio was determined to be 0.85 #+-# 0.09 (1 SD). Normal vertebrae in patients with skeletal metastases had only slightly lower count rate values at 24 h than at 4 h. Abnormal vertebrae showed a higher count rate at 24 h, especially two weeks postoperatively, while a tendency towards lower values than at 4 h was seen after 6 months. If the 24 h/4 h ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The central research question of this thesis is: What is the potential of multi-functional biomass systems to improve the costs and the land use efficiency of saving non-renewable energy consumption and reducing GHG (greenhouse gases) emissions in quantitative terms? Therefore, in the following chapters the performance of multi-functional biomass systems is quantified. Biomass system costs are investigated from a societal perspective using e.g. low discount rates. A main focus will be on the review of methodologies for accounting GHG emissions, non-renewable energy consumption, agricultural land use and costs as well as the adaptation of these methodologies to special aspects of multifunctional biomass use. The analysis of the potential benefits of multi-functional biomass systems is carried out by several case studies of biomass systems including various waste treatment technologies for the short term that appeared promising after a first ...

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The radiographs and initial clinical findings of 73 patients who had sustained trauma to the cervical spine without bony injury in vehicle collisions were reviewed. The patients were also re-examined clinically two years after the injury. Forty eight (65.8%) had abnormal radiographs at presentation - prevertebral soft tissue swelling in 15 (20.6%), degenerative changes in 15 (20.6%), and an angular deformity between two adjacent vertebral bodies in 27 (37.0%). The exact mode of inury is not associated with any specific radiographic appearance except that ''roll overs'' and side collisions are more likely to cause angulation in the cervical spine. (orig./GDG).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fuji computed radiography (FCR) utilizing imaging plates stimulated by a scanning lazer has been developed in Japan and come to be widely available in diagnostic radiology. This system is advantageous because many processed images can be obtained with a single exposure. However, no reports have been published on the exact conditions necessary under which the FCR image processing method will produce improved visibility of pulmonary abnormal shadows on chest radiographs. In this report, chest FCR images obtained from 50 patients were analyzed, and the best practical image processing conditions were determined for each pathological state. Fundamental analysis was also performed for spatial and contrast resolution with FUNK chart and Burger's phantom using various thickness of acryl plate. Ninety processing images per exposure were analyzed, and the best practical conditions were determined. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: To secure the reactor operation safety by the provision of a fluid pressure detecting section for control rod driving fluid and a control rod interlock at the midway of the flow pass for supplying driving fluid to the control rod drives. Constitution: Between a driving line and a direction control valve are provided a pressure detecting portion, an alarm generating device, and a control rod inhibition interlock. The driving fluid from a driving fluid source is discharged by way of a pump and a manual valve into the reactor in which the control rods and reactor fuels are contained. In addition, when the direction control valve is switched and the control rods are inserted and extracted by the control rod drives, the pressure in the driving line is always detected by the pressure detection section, whereby if abnormal pressure is resulted, the alarm generating device is actuated to warn the abnormality and the control rod inhibition ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundResponse shift theory suggests that improvements in health lead patients to change their internal standards and re-assess former health states as worse than initially rated...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Genome-wide studies of bacterial gene expression are shifting from microarray technology to second generation sequencing platforms. RNA-seq has a number of advantages over hybridization-based techniques,...Full Text Available

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A procedure was developed to monitor boundaries within which secondary mining operations can be applied. Principal techniques include instrument and operative-remote observations of earth shifts and aerial photography of displacements on the surface of the trough.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIn rats, alcohol exposure during the period of rapid brain growth produces long-term changes in the free-running period, photoentrainment and phase-shifting...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Kin form important political groups, which change in size and relative inequality with demographic shifts. Increases in the rate of population growth increase the size of kin groups but decrease their...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Chrysomelid leaf beetles use chemical defenses to overcome predatory attack and microbial infestation. Larvae of Chrysomela lapponica that feed on willow sequester plant-derived salicin...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) constitute a key antibiotic-resistance mechanism affecting Gram-negative bacteria, and also an excellent model for studying evolution in real time. A shift in...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUND. Diabetes can be effectively treated and monitored in general practice. Postgraduate medical education at a local level is required to support this strategic shift of medical care from hospital...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Examples are used to demonstrate that a shift in the point of emphasis is necessary with regard to radiation hazard in medicinal X-ray diagnosis. The parameters employed in this study to calculate somatic dose (SD) and somatically significant dose (SSD) m...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

It has previously been established that muscles become active in response to deviations from a threshold (referent) position of the body or its segments, and that intentional motor actions result from...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Social opportunities and work demands have caused humans to become increasingly active during the late evening hours, leading to a shift from the predominantly diurnal lifestyle of our ancestors...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

...competent person shall inspect haulage equipment before each shift. (ii...used. (2) Powered mobile haulage equipment shall have suitable means of... (3)(i) Power mobile haulage equipment, including trains, shall...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report on a promising approach to high-sensitivity anisotropy measurements using a high-finesse cavity locked by optical feedback to a diode laser. We provide a simple and effective way to decouple the weak anisotropy of interest from the inherent mirror's birefringence whose drift may be identified as the key limiting parameter in cavity-based techniques. We demonstrate a shot-noise-limited phase shift resolution previously inaccessible in an optical cavity, readily achieving the state-of-the-art level of 3x10"-"1"3 rad.

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We calculate the cross section for the resonance scattering of Lyman-..cap alpha.. radiation by spinless nonrelativistic hydrogen atoms in the ground state using a two-level model. A generalization of Dirac's resonance scattering theory is used together with the exact matrix elements for the electromagnetic interaction. In contrast to the usual treatments in which only the dipole approximation for the matrix elements are taken, the shift in position of the resonance is finite and has a value of 75% of the Lamb shift of the n=1 state. Whether this latter fact is significant in renormalization calculations is left open.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present a protocol for quantum key distribution using discrete modulation of coherent states of light. Information is encoded in the variable phase of coherent states which can be chosen from a regular discrete set ranging from binary to continuous modulation similar to phase-shift keying in classical communication. Information is decoded by simultaneous homodyne measurement of both quadratures and requires no active choice of basis. The protocol utilizes either direct or reverse reconciliation both with and without postselection. We analyze the security of the protocol and show how to enhance it by the optimal choice of all variable parameters of the quantum signal.

CERN Document Server

The coherent $\\omega$-meson photoproduction from nuclei is proposed as a phenomenological method to evaluate the momentum dependence of $\\omega$-meson mass shift and width in nuclear matter. We analyze available data on un-separated coherent and incoherent $\\omega$-meson photoproduction from nuclei and extract the imaginary part of the the complex forward $\\omega{N}$ scattering amplitude, which is proportional to the in-medium $\\omega$-meson width. The accuracy of the currently available data is not sufficient to evaluate the real part of forward $\\omega{N}$ scattering amplitude and reconstruct the momentum dependence of the mass shift of the $\\omega$-meson.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes a semi-empirical calculation of the air-broadened half-widths and the air pressure-induced frequency shifts for the H_2"1"6O isotopologue. This semi-empirical calculation is based on fits of several recent high-quality measurements and theoretical calculations to the first-order terms in the expansion of the complex Robert-Bonamy (CRB) equations, which yields a second- and first-order polynomial function of the differences in the upper- and lower-state vibrational quantum numbers for the half-width and line shift, respectively. The aim of this work was to obtain a complete set of air-broadened half-widths and air pressure-induced frequency shifts for transitions of H_2"1"6O present in the HITRAN database from microwave to the visible in order to supplement the observed and calculated values. For around 700 sets of rotational quantum numbers (J"'K_a"'K_c"'<-J"''K_a"''K_c"''), semi-empirical ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Research highlights: ? Mathematical model represents a power system which consists of synchronous machine connected to infinite bus through transmission line. ? Power system stabilizer was designed based on optimal pole shifting controller. ? The system performances was tested through load disturbances at different operating conditions. ? The system performance with the proposed optimal pole shifting controller is compared with the conventional pole placement controller. ? The digital simulation results indicated that the proposed controller has a superior performance. -- Abstract: Power system stabilizer based on optimal pole shifting is proposed. An approach for shifting the real parts of the open-loop poles to any desired positions while preserving the imaginary parts is presented. In each step of this approach, it is required to solve a first-order or a second-order linear matrix Lyapunov equation ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In the rat, some phthalates alter sexual differentiation at relatively low dosage levels by altering fetal Leydig cell development and hormone synthesis, thereby inducing abnormalities of the testis,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Lethal alleles of the Drosophila k43 gene result in small or missing imaginal discs, greatly reduced mitotic index, and fragmented and abnormally condensed chromosomes. A female-sterile...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Conceptual and factual advances in understanding neuronal migration in the past two decades have provided new insight into the pathogenesis of brain malformations at the cellular, molecular, and functional levels. Some of these results may have direct implications in understanding the consequences of ionizing radiation on the fetal central nervous system in utero. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The relative sensitivity and combined value of myocardial technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate imaging and determinations of serum MB creatine phosphokinase (the ''myocardial'' CPK isoenzyme) in detecting acute myocardial infarction were evaluated in 41 patients with suspected infarction and 23 patients recovering from cardiac surgery. In the patients with suspected infarction, myocardial infarction was confirmed in 25 and was consistently associated with increased serum MB CPK. Abnormal radionuclide images were obtained in 23 of 25 patients (92%)) with definite myocardial infarction and in 2 of 16 patients without confirmed infarction. Although the localization of infarction by imaging correlated well with the localization by electrocardiogram, infarct size estimated by imaging did not correlate well with estimates based on peak total serum CPK activity or serial changes in CPK activity. Serum MB CPK activity increased after cardiac surgery in 6 patients ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: To improve the reliability of control rod drive mechanisms for use in BWR type reactors by preventing erroneous insertion of control rods caused by the increase in the coolant pressure. Constitution: A pressure-releaf valve mechanism is provided which opens its valve when a detected difference between the pressure of the coolants flowing through coolant pipeways and the reactor pressure exceeds a predetermined pressure difference. If the coolant pressure increases abnormally, coolants in the coolant pipeway are released to lower the pressure. (Aizawa, K.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography using Fuji computed radiography system (FCR-DSA) was used to evaluate 57 preoperative patients with clinical manifestations of peripheral vascular disease of lower extremity. With its high contrast resolution and good special resolution, image of FCR-DSA could offer optimal information of vascular abnormality in lower extremity distal to midfoot for the diagnosis and the choice of management. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Between October 1990 and March 1991, 8 patients with cystic lesions in the region of the posterior bladder wall, the seminal vesicles and the prostate were examined by MRI. In all cases there was accurate characterisation of the lesion and of its anatomy. In 3 patients with abnormalities in the retrovesical space there was very good agreement with the operative findings. 4 patients were treated conservatively. In these patients there was good agreement with the findings on cystoscopy, CT and sonography. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Out of one hundred cases of the urinary bladder abnormalities examined by this method, CT staging and pathological correlations were investigated in 61 cases of the urinary bladder neoplasms. Accuracy of CT staging was 87% in this series with possible exception of 6 cases involving the bladder base and dome. CT scan using this method is the most reliable procedure to determine the treatment modalities of the urinary bladder tumors.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An exhaustive compendium of normal and abnormal imaging is presented. The following systems and procedures are illustrated by over 2800 captioned illustrations: liver, spleen, and hepatobiliary imaging; perfusion and ventilation lung imaging; thyroid imaging; salivary gland imaging; bone imaging; brain imaging; radionuclide cisternography; blood flow studies; gallium imaging; nuclear cardiology; and renal imaging. Not included in the atlas are adrenal imaging procedures and emission computed tomography. (ERB)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Investigations of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function were performed in a 5-yr-old white female with delayed umbilical cord separation, impaired pus formation, and a severe defect of PMN chemotaxis....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory is developing poplars (Populus species and hybrids) as sources of renewable energy, i.e., ethanol. Notable increases in adaptability, volume productivity, and pest/stress resistance have been achieved via classical selection and breeding and intensified cultural practices. Significant advances have also been made in the efficiencies of harvesting and handling systems. Given these and anticipated accomplishments, program leaders are considering shifting some attention to genetically modifying feedstock physical and chemical properties, so as to improve the efficiency with which feedstocks can be converted to ethanol. This report provides an in-depth review and synthesis of opportunities for and feasibilities of genetically modifying feedstock qualities via classical selection and breeding, marker-aided selection and breeding, and genetic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Current methods to calculate dose distributions with organ motion can be broadly classified as 'dose convolution' and 'fluence convolution' methods. In the former, a static dose distribution is convolved with the probability distribution function (PDF) that characterizes the motion. However, artifacts are produced near the surface and around inhomogeneities because the method assumes shift invariance. Fluence convolution avoids these artifacts by convolving the PDF with the incident fluence instead of the patient dose. In this paper we present an alternative method that improves the accuracy, generality as well as the speed of dose calculation with organ motion. The algorithm starts by sampling an isocenter point from a parametrically defined space curve corresponding to the patient-specific motion trajectory. Then a photon is sampled in the linac head and propagated through the three-dimensional (3-D) collimator structure corresponding to a particular MLC segment ...

Science.gov (United States)

Buildings Energy-Efficient Research Laboratories Energy Efficiency in Federal Facilities Energy Efficiency Standards Group Energy Efficient Windows Collaborative Energy &...

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Short communication

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Optical Isotope shift measurements have been performed for the {sup 240f,242f}Am fission isomers to test the stability of nuclear deformation as function of the neutron number. The method is based on resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) in a buffer gas cell with fission detection of the ionization process. The {sup 240f,242f}Am fission isomers have been produced by {sup 242}Pu(p, 3n), {sup 242}Pu(d, 2n) reactions, respectively. Relative isotope shift ratios X{sub exp}{sup 242f}(500 nm)=IS{sup 242f,241}/IS{sup 243,241}=41.4(8) and X{sub exp}{sup 240f}(500 nm)=IS{sup 240f,241}/IS{sup 243,241}=39.2(8) were measured. From these ratios a small difference {delta}{beta}{sub 2}{sup 242f,240f}=0.0076(14) of the deformation parameter {beta}{sub 2} can be deduced assuming that the isotope shift between the reference isotopes {sup 241,243}Am is caused by a pure volume change. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Isotope shift measurements have been performed for the {sup 242{ital f}}Am fission isomer with target production rates of only a few per second. The method is based on resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) in a buffer gas cell with radioactive decay detection of the ionization process (RADRIS). A relative isotope shift ratio X{sub {ital exp}}=IS{sup 242{ital f},241}/IS{sup 243,241}=41.7{plus_minus}0.9 has been measured for the 500.02 nm transition corresponding to a nuclear parameter A{sup 242{ital f},241}=(5.4{plus_minus}0.3) fm{sup 2}. A preliminary analysis of the quadrupole moment based on the deformed Fermi model of the nuclear charge distribution results in Q{sub 20}=35.9{plus_minus}1.1({sup +0.3}{sub {minus}0.7}) {sub model} eb. {copyright} 1995 {ital American} {ital Institute} {ital of} {ital Physics}

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The period from the early eighteenth century up to 1820 witnesses a fundamental shift in the conception of the human. This shift is most clearly reflected in the soul's decline from being the essence of human life to a metaphor for the mind. At the same time, the status of the body rises from a machine to a whole organism that cannot only react but also act and think. This essay follows the discourse history of the soul from John Locke to Percy Bysshe Shelley, reflecting on the fact that the emergence of the modern scientific system at the end of the Romantic period and with it a biological conception of the human does not eventually lead to the end of the concept of soul. Rather, the soul becomes an important aesthetic concept in Romantic poetry. The analysis of the poem Epipsychidion sho...

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We have determined the nuclear charge radius of 11Li by high-precision laser spectroscopy. The experiment was performed at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility where the 7Li-11Li isotope shift was measured in the 2s to 3s electronic transition using Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy with a relative accuracy better than 10 5. The accuracy reached in previous experiments on the other lithium isotopes was improved. Most of the isotope shifts measured in the experiment are due to difference in the mass of the nuclei but small contributions are produced by the change in proton distribution, QED and relativistic effects have to be taken into account as well. By comparing the experimental results with sophisticated atomic calculations of the mass dependent effect the nuclear charge radii of the lithium isotopes are found to decrease monotonically from 6Li to 9Li while the nuclear charge radius of 11Li is about 11% larger than that of 9Li.

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A micromachined vertical actuator utilizing a levitational force, such as in electrostatic comb drives, provides vertical actuation that is relatively linear in actuation for control, and can be readily combined with parallel plate capacitive position sensing for position control. The micromachined electrostatic vertical actuator provides accurate movement in the sub-micron to micron ranges which is desirable in the phase modulation instrument, such as optical phase shifting. For example, compact, inexpensive, and position controllable micromirrors utilizing an electrostatic vertical actuator can replace the large, expensive, and difficult-to-maintain piezoelectric actuators. A thirty pound piezoelectric actuator with corner cube reflectors, as utilized in a phase shifting diffraction interferometer can be replaced with a micromirror and a lens. For any very precise and small amplitudes of motion` micromachined electrostatic actuation may be ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) with continuous-wave (cw) laser excitation has added high frequency resolution to the ability of CRDS being used for the absolute quantification of trace-level species present in many chemical processes. Cavity dithering technique has easily resolved the problem of resonant coupling of a cw laser light into a high-finesse cavity. The present study addresses the potential uncertainty involved in such cw-CRDS techniques incorporating the cavity mirror motion, i.e., the doppler frequency shift of a probe light inside the cavity. In the high-resolution spectroscopic work of megahertz-accuracy, even the influence of intracavity doppler effect may become significant.

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The characteristics of the local magnetic shear, a quantity associated with high-mode-number ballooning mode stability, are considered in heliotron/torsatron devices that have a large Shafranov shift. The local magnetic shear is shown to vanish even in the stellarator-like region in which the global magnetic shear is positive. The reason for this is that the degree of the local compression of the poloidal magnetic field on the outer side of the torus, which maintains the toroidal force balance, is reduced in the stellarator-like region of global magnetic shear because the global rotational transform in heliotron/torsatron systems is a radially increasing function. This vanishing of the local magnetic shear is a universal property in heliotron/torsatron systems with a large Shafranov shift since it results from toroidal force balance in the stellarator-like global shear regime that is inherent to such systems.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A high sensitivity, high bandwidth, two-color interferometer (1064 and 532 nm) has been tested on the Hawk pulsed power generator at the Naval Research Laboratory. The phase resolution is 10"-"5 waves with a rise time of 3 ns, a new capability for diagnosing plasmas, and neutrals in pulsed power experiments. The two-color feature is used to distinguish phase shifts from free (plasma) electrons and bound (neutral and ion) electrons. Simultaneous electron and neutral density measurements were demonstrated in a plasma opening switch (POS) experiment. The ability to measure small phase shifts with fast rise time were demonstrated in a plasma filled diode experiment. The high sensitivity and vibration isolation enable neutral gas distribution measurements from supersonic nozzles used in plasma radiation source experiments. Examples of these measurements and future applications are described. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics.

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The effects of TANOL radical have been examined on chemical shifts and relaxation rates of /sup 109/Ag NMR in aqueous solution of silver salts. The silver ion in aqueous solution is found to coordinate with TANOL radical. A small amount of TANOL is added as a doping agent(0.020M), since /sup 109/Ag signals are obtained for (1.0M) silver ion within 30 minutes. The /sup 109/Ag chemical shifts of silver salt in aqueous solutions were found within the range of 0 to -1000 ppm relative to that of 1.0M AgNo/sub 3/.

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Purpose: To evaluate the significance of preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid glands to the surgical outcome in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Material and Methods: Thirty-nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied preoperatively with US (39 patients), CT (30 patients) and MR imaging (18 patients). The overall diagnostic accuracy for US was 87%, CT 66% and MR 94%. In patients with a single parathyroid adenoma US was the most cost-effective localization technique with a detection rate of 96%. CT had a lower detection rate (78%) but was of particular value for fairly large ectopic adenomas in the root of the neck. MR imaging was a good confirmatory test (93%). In patients with multiple gland disease (primary hyperplasia and multiple adenomas), no single localization study alone was sufficient. Combination of all 3 studies, however, alerted the physician to the presence of disease in more than one gland in 87% of these ...

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Bone scintigraphy was performed in 16 men with newly diagnosed prostatic carcinoma before orchiectomy as well as 2 weeks and 2 months after operation. The uptake in the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae was registered up to 240 min after injection of /sup 99m/Tc-MDP and was then calculated for each patient and vertebra. The relative standard deviation in measured uptake due to measuring technique was estimated to be +-7%. In eight patients, who had normal bone scintigraphies before orchiectomy, there were no changes in the uptake values after operation. The remaining eight patients had widespread metastatic involvement prior to treatment, six of these patients showed a so-called 'flare phenomenon' in the abnormal vertebrae which means an initial increase in uptake after operation followed by a decreased uptake in response to therapy. One patient had a continuously increased uptake in all the abnormal vertebrae which ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Staging bone scans or skeletal surveys were obtained of 97 patients with endometrial carcinoma. Of the 77 patients with Stage I or II disease, no metastases were identified at staging. Three patients in the entire series demonstrated bony metastases; all of these metastases were detectable by radionuclide bone scan and radiographic bone survey. Eighty-nine patients were examined with radionuclide liver/spleen scanning at the time of staging. Four of the 89 initial scans were interpreted as demonstrating hepatocellular disease, and all four patients had abnormal liver function studies. Only one patient demonstrated a possible hepatic metastasis at initial diagnosis. This patient also had abnormal liver function studies. Based on these results, bone surveys and radionuclide bone scans are not indicated as screening procedures in endometrial carcinoma. It is suggested that screening for liver metastases in patients with endometrial carcinoma is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quantitative bone scintigraphy was performed in 24 patients with prostatic carcinoma before orchiectomy and up to one to four years after operation. The gamma camera count rate was recorded over the lower thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae 4 h after injection of "9"9"mTc-MDP. Twelve patients has normal bone scintigrams throughout the study. They showed from two years after operation a slight increase in count rate values compared with the preoperative values, probability due to hormonal changes after orchiectomy and to age-related alterations in skeletal metabolism. Twelve patients had abnormal bone scintigrams. They showed as a response to treatment the flare phenomenon with an increase in count rate over the abnormal vertebrae when measured two weeks after operation followed by a decrease after two months. The lowest count rate values were obtained between six months and one year after operation. Thereafter the count rate seemed to remain on ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study aimed to reveal that severe disturbance of attachment relationship with primary care-giver can affect functional and anatomical brain development by measuring cerebral perfusion on "9"9"mTc-ECD brain SPECT and correlative MRI. We included 18 children aged 31 to 76 months who met the diagnostic criteria of RAD as defined in DSM-IV and ICD-10 and SSP and CARS. "9"9"mTc-ECD SPECT was performed using CERASPECT. MRI was performed in all patients. SPECT data were visually assessed. 15 of 18 children had abnormal perfusion on SPECT, revealing decreased perfusion of Lt.thalamus (7/15) and Rt.thalamus (3/15), and bilateral thalami (5/15). Perfusion of basal ganglia was decreased in 8 children. Decreased perfusion of Lt. parietal area was seen in 2. Whereas, all patients had normal MR findings. Perfusion abnormalities involving thalamus, BG in most children with RAD were found in this study. These results suggest that brain development of ...

Science.gov (United States)

An evaluation was made of possible hazardous working conditions at the ASARCO Globe facility, Denver, Colorado. The facility was involved in the recovery of cadmium from baghouse dust, a waste byproduct of nonferrous smelters. A medical study of kidney function was conducted in 45 current or former cadmium production workers; results were compared to those for 35 hospital workers. Kidney abnormalities were more common and more severe in the cadmium workers than in the hospital workers. Abnormalities of proximal tubular function included reduced reabsorption of beta-2-microglobulin, retinol binding protein, calcium and phosphate. Glomerular dysfunction was evidenced as elevated serum creatinine. As length of exposure to cadmium increased, changes became more apparent in workers. No reversal of the conditions was noted in workers who had ceased to be exposed to cadmium some time before the study. The authors conclude that occupational ...

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With an objective to detect faults estimated to exist along the Shigesumi valley in the Kamioka mine, discussions were given by using electromagnetic survey, which uses the Turam measurement arrangement based on the TEM method, and three-dimensional model calculations. The Turam measurement arrangement, which installs transmission loop fixedly, is used to identify nature and distribution of electrically conductive objects upon noticing abnormal portions in magnetic fields in the measurement data. In the model calculation, the plate model calculation method and the FDTD method were used, and so was the calculation code TEM3DL. The result revealed that strong topographical influence is seen from steep V-shaped valley existing along the traverse line in the measurement data, but an abnormal resistivity band accompanying remarkable distortion in the curve was detected. According to the result of the model calculation, anomaly detection may be found ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Selective alveolo-bronchography (SAB) has been routinely used to evaluate anatomical changes in the bronchiole and its distal air spaces. A narrowing of the bronchiole and abnormal pooling of contrast medium in the destroyed air space are the prime findings. Since the object of radiography is extremely thin, direct magnification radiography is mandatory to obtain radiologic details. However, the problem with this technique is that radiographic quality varies depending upon the size of the patient and the concentration of contrast medium to be introduced in the lung. This study had two goals. One was to improve the image quality of SAB by Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR). FCR provides radiographs with a good contrast and stable density throughout a wide range of exposure factors which occur in the use of SAB. The other goal was to separately evaluate morphological abnormalities in the outer and inner zones of the lung using X-ray CT. This idea ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effects of Fe and B_4C on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties of TiB_2 ceramics have been studied. Sintering was performed in an Ar atmosphere at 2000 degrees C using attrition-milled TiB_2 powder. When a small amount of Fe (0.5 wt%) was added, abnormal grain growth occurred and the sintered density was low. In the case of B_4C added along with 0.5 wt% Fe, however, abnormal grain growth was remarkably suppressed, and the sintered density was increased up to 95% of theoretical. But with excess Fe addition (5 wt%), B_4C grains did not act as a grain growth inhibitor, and B_4C grains were frequently trapped in large TiB_2 grains. The best mechanical properties were obtained for the TiB_2-10 wt% B_4C-0.5 wt% Fe ceramics, which exhibited a three-point bending strength of 400 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.5 MPa #centre dot# m"1"/"2.

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The human CDC25 tyrosine phosphatases trigger activation of CDC2 by removing inhibitory phosphates; thus the genes encoding these phosphatases may be suspected as potential oncogenes due to their role in promoting cell division. To date, three human CDC25 genes have been identified: CDC25A, B, and C. This communication describes the mapping of CDC25A to chromosome 3p21 and CDC25B to chromosome 20p13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization with confirmation by the polymerase chain reaction of hamster-human somatic cell hybrid DNA. 3p21 is near an area frequently involved in karyotypic abnormalities in renal carcinomas, small cell carcinomas of the lung, and benign tumors of the salivary gland. 20p13 does not seem to be a common area for karyotypic alteration in tumors. Mapping of these genes to their chromosomal loci may help identify tumors with abnormal regulation of CDC25 genes due to genomic alterations. 15 refs., 3 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In cases of obstructive colorectal cancer (CRC), preoperative diagnosis of the proximal lesion is often difficult when the primary lesion impedes the passage of the endoscope. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in such cases. A total of 52 obstructive CRC patients who underwent preoperative FDG-PET and subsequent surgical resection were retrospectively reviewed. The correlation between characteristics of the proximal lesion and FDG-PET findings was analyzed statistically. There was a significant correlation between the proximal lesion size and the maximum standardized uptake value (P=0.00016). Abnormal FDG accumulation in the proximal colon indicated the existence of proximal cancer or adenoma with a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 100%. There was a significant difference in the distribution of tumor size between the cases with proximal abnormal ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study on brain CT was made in 20 cases of typical endemic cretinism and 15 cases of normal persons. These patients from severely iodine deficient area were diagnosed as neurological endemic cretinism characterized by severe mental retardation with impairment of hearing, speech, neuromotor, etc. to varying degrees. The brain CT showed that there were many and deep depressions in cerebral cortex, especially in frontal and parietal lobes of some cretins, the lateral ventricle system was dilated, particularly in posterior part of it, and the interhemisphere fissure, lateral fissure and subarachnoid cisterns were also expanded. The CT value of cortex was higher and white matter was lower than that of normal persons. In some severe cases, the two hemispheres of brain were not the same in size. These findings above indicated that these endemic cretins had a severe retardation of brain development including cerebral cortex and white matter. In addition, some abnormal ...

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A centralized, automatic monitoring system for coal mines has been developed. The system consists of newly-developed and improved sensors, transmission equipment, a minicomputer designed for scientific and technical calculations, and accompanying software (MOLES). MOLES performs six functions: input, computation, decision, memory, output and correction. Previously, centralized monitoring has been limited to single dimensional monitoring of the 'time and point' type. The present system carries out data analysis and processing with respect to time, space and item. It is also capable of simple automatic diagnosis of abnormalities. (In Japanese)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The 2nd periodical inspection was carried out on the asphalt solidification facility and the incinerator in Unit 2 of the Sendai Nuclear Power Station from November 5 to 28, 1985. Inspection was made in radiation control facility and disposal facility. By external appearance, disassembly, function and performance tests there were observed no abnormalities. The personnel exposure doses during the inspection were below the permissible level. In the inspection, improvement etc. works were not done. (Mori, K.).

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The microstructures of magnesium AZ31 are examined following hot compression testing and annealing. The grain size, fraction dynamically recrystallized and, in a couple of cases, the crystallographic texture are reported. It was found that the progress of dynamic recrystallization is strongly sensitive to processing conditions but that the dynamically recrystallized grain size was less sensitive to stress than in other metals. It was also found that, for structures containing between 80 and 95% dynamic recrystallization, abnormal grain growth occurs during annealing. The crystallographic texture produced is also sensitive to the deformation conditions. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A technique for quantitative analysis of growth plates in varus or valgus deformity about the knee has been developed. Computer-generated regions of interest are placed on magnification scintigraphs to divide distal femoral and proximal tibial physes into four equal segments. The ratio of counts in the medial half to counts in the lateral half was studied in 31 children (22 normal, 9 with angular deformity). Normal ratios were 0.74 to 0.98 for femora and 0.98 to 1.20 for tibias. In eight of nine patients with deformity, the ratio was abnormal; in two patients the ratio returned to normal when the deformity ceased to progress.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

/sup 99m/Tc biliary imaging was performed on a 34-year-old woman who was being investigated for suspected cholelithiasis. A left-sided liver was detected. On subsequent radionuclide imaging, partial visceral situs inversus and asplenia were demonstrated. Extensive roentgenographic investigation, ECG, echocardiogram, and laparotomy confirmed the radionuclide findings. Asplenia syndrome may exist without cardiovascular abnormalities and thus be undiscovered. Radionuclide imaging is important in the diagnosis of this syndrome.

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A confocal microscopy imaging system was devised to selectively detect Second harmonic signals generated by biological tissues. Several types of biological tissues were examined using this imaging system, including human teeth, bovine blood vessels, and chicken skin. All these tissues generated strong second harmonic signals. There is considerable evidence that the source of these signals in tissue is collagen. Collagen, the predominant component of most tissues, is known to have second order nonlinear susceptibility. This technique may have diagnostic usefulness in pathophysiological conditions characterized by changes in collagen structure including malignant transformation of nevi, progression of diabetic complications, and abnormalities in wound healing.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Back pain from osteoporosis is commonly related to compression fractures. The patient with vertebral compression fractures additionally suffers from an ongoing risk of recurrent fractures and postural abnormalities that can result in impaired respiratory function, leading to increased risk of morbidity. Weakened back muscles, especially the back extensor group, are felt to contribute significantly to this risk. The combination of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions, through physical activity, exercise, and modalities, are potential interventions that could be used to help reduce the pain of osteoporotic compression fractures as well as potentially reducing recurrent fracture rates.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report here the imaging findings of a rare case of a lethal form of Gorham disease in a young female patient. Multimodality imaging findings over 13 year-follow-up demonstrated progressive wide spread skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities with permeative osteolysis, pathological fractures and severe skeletal deformities. Unusual extensive osseous and soft tissue pneumatosis was illustrated on cross-sectional studies. The progressive nature of this form of Gorham disease and the subsequent complications eventually culminated in patient's death. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

The goal of the present study was to describe the clinical, haematological and ultrasonographic findings and treatment of 17 cattle with pyelonephritis. Fifteen cattle had an abnormal general condition, which varied in severity; five animals had signs of colic. The urine was brownish-red in 11 animals and cloudy in 13. Clumps of purulent material were seen in the urine of nine animals and clots of blood in two. The specific gravity was lower than normal in 13 animals and ranged from 1.005 to 1.020. A urine test strip revealed protein in 16 animals, blood in 16 and leukocytes in 12. Bacteriological examination of urine yielded Corynebacterium renale in 11 animals, Arcanobacter pyogenes in two and Escherichia coli in one. Rectal examination revealed abnormalities of the urinary tract in 11 animals; there was dilatation of the left ureter and/or enlargement of the left kidney in eight cases, and dilatation of the right ureter and/or enlargement of ...