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LHC$b$ is one the four major experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It is custom built to look for CP violation and New Physics in rare decays of heavy flavor hadrons, like the B and D systems. Rare decays that occur via loop diagrams provide a way to probe New Physics at energy scales much higher than can be probed by direct production in experiment. In this article, the LHC$b$ prospects for such measurement with exclusive decays of the type $B \\to X_s\\gamma$ and $B\\to X_sl^+l^-$ are presented.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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CERN Document Server

In the presence of the T-parity violating Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) anomaly term, the otherwise stable heavy photon A_H in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT) decays to either Standard Model (SM) gauge boson pairs, or to SM fermions via loop diagrams. We make a detailed study of the collider signatures where the A_H can be reconstructed from invariant mass peaks in the opposite sign same flavor dilepton or the four-lepton channels. This enables us to obtain information about the fundamental symmetry breaking scale f in the LHT and thereby the low-lying mass spectrum of the theory. In addition, indication of the presence of the WZW term gives us hints of the possible UV completion of the LHT via strong dynamics. The crucial observation is that the sum of all production processes of heavy T-odd quark pairs has a sizeable cross-section at the LHC and these T-odd particles eventually all cascade decay down to the ...

CERN Document Server

A distinct feature of Coulomb gauge QCD is that it can be formulated in terms of physical, transverse gluons and quarks alone. The state-counting is then transparent, and the gauge is suited for studies of the excited spectrum. Leaving aside exotic spectroscopy, which has been the subject of other publications, in this note I call attention on two recent applications. One is that the running quark mass in the mid-infrared can be probed from excited baryons thanks to parity doubling, a consequence of insensitivity to chiral symmetry breaking. Fast quarks are asymptotically free and behave as massless, so hadrons containing fast quarks decouple from the condensate. Their (power-law) rate of decoupling reflects on the rate of decreasing parity splittings, which can be measured. The second is that, in analogy with the Franck-Condon principle of molecular physics, the velocity distribution of the heavy quarks inside a heavy hadron can be mapped out ...

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We present a measurement of the t{bar t} production cross section using events with one charged lepton and jets from p{bar p} collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96TeV. In these events, heavy flavor quarks from top quark decay are identified with a secondary vertex tagging algorithm. From 162 pb{sup -1} of data collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab, a total of 48 candidate events are selected, where 13.5 {+-} 1.8 events are expected from background contributions. We measure a t{bar t} production cross section of 5.6{sub -1.1}{sup _1.2}(stat.){sub -0.6}{sup +0.9}(syst.)pb.

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The influence of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) variables, namely, sample concentration, salt concentration and sample amount, on the equilibrium headspace analysis of the main volatile flavor compounds released from soursop was investigated. A total of 35 volatile compounds, comprising 19 esters, six alcohols, three terpenes, two acids, two aromatics, two ketones and an aldehyde, were identified. The results indicated that all response-surface models were significantly (p<0.05) fitted for 10 target volatile flavor compounds. The results further indicated that more than 65% of the variation in the equilibrium headspace concentrations of target volatile flavor compounds could be explained by the final reduced models, with high R2 values ranging from 0.658 to 0.944. Multiple...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this report, I surveyed physics potential of the #gamma##gamma# option of a linear e"+e"- collider with the following questions in mind: What new discovery can be expected at a #gamma##gamma# collider in addition to what will be learned at its 'parent' e"+e"- linear collider? By taking account of the hard energy spectrum and polarization of colliding photons, produced by Compton back-scattering of laser light off incoming e"- beams, we find that a #gamma##gamma# collider is most powerful when new physics appears in the neutral spin-zero channel at an invariant mass below about 80% of the c.m. energy of the colliding e"-e"- system. If a light Higgs boson exists, its properties can be studied in detail, and if its heavier partners or a heavy Higgs boson exists in the above mass range, they may be discovered at a #gamma##gamma# collider. CP property of the scalar sector can be explored in detail by making use of linear polarization of the colliding photons, decay ...

CERN Document Server

The "texture zero mass matrices" for the quarks and leptons describe very well the flavor mixing of the quarks and leptons. We can calculate the angles of the unitarity triangle. We expect the angle alpha of the unitarity triangle to be 90 degrees. The masses of the neutrinos can be calculated - they are very small, the largest neutrino mass is 0.05 eV. We calculated the matrix element of the mixing matrix, relevant for the reactor mixing angle. It can be measured in the near future in the DAYA BAY experiment.

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No abstract prepared.

CERN Document Server

Conceptual Design of Superconducting Quadrupole Arrays for the Heavy-Ion Fusion

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The aromas of fruits, vegetables, and flowers are mixtures of volatile metabolites, often present in parts per billion levels or less. We show here that tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum...Full Text Available

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We discuss the inclusive production of D{sup *{+-}} mesons in {gamma}p collisions at DESY HERA, based on a calculation at next-to-leading order in the general-mass variable-flavor-number scheme. In this approach, MS subtraction is applied in such a way that large logarithmic corrections are resummed in universal parton distribution and fragmentation functions and finite mass terms are taken into account. We present detailed numerical results for a comparison with data obtained at HERA and discuss various sources of theoretical uncertainties. (orig.)

CERN Document Server

Assuming the gluon field is well approximated by instanton configurations we derive a light quarks determinant and calculate its contribution to the specific heavy quarks correlators -- namely, the heavy quark propagator and heavy quark-aniquark correlator, receiving the instanton generated light-heavy quarks interaction terms contributions. With these knowledge we calculate the light quark contribution to the interaction between heavy quarks, which might be essential for the properties of a few heavy quarks systems.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Higgs mediated flavor violating electromagnetic interactions, induced at the one-loop level by a nondiagonal Hf_if_j vertex, with f_i and f_j charged leptons or quarks, are studied within the context of a completely general effective Yukawa sector that comprises SU_L(2)xU_Y(1)-invariant operators of up to dimension-six. Exact formulae for the one-loop #gamma#f_if_j and #gamma##gamma#f_if_j couplings are presented and their related processes used to study the phenomena of Higgs mediated lepton flavor violation. The experimental limit on the #mu##->#e#gamma# decay is used to derive a bound on the branching ratio of the #mu##->#e#gamma##gamma# transition, which is 6 orders of magnitude stronger than the current experimental limit. Previous results on the #tau##->##mu##gamma# and #tau##->##mu##gamma##gamma# decays are reproduced. The possibility of detecting signals of lepton flavor violation at #gamma##gamma# ...

CERN Document Server

In the littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT), the mirror quarks have flavor structures and will contribute to the top quark flavor changing neutral current. In this work, we perform an extensive investigation of the top quark rare three-body decays $t\\rightarrow cVV (V=\\gamma,Z,g)$ and $t\\rightarrow cf\\bar{f} (f=b,\\tau,\\mu,e)$ at one-loop level. Our results show that the branching ratios of $t\\rightarrow cgg$ and $t\\rightarrow cb\\bar{b}$ could reach $\\mathcal {O}(10^{-3})$ in the favorite parameter space of the littlest Higgs model with T-parity, which implies that these decays may be detectable at the LHC or ILC, while for the other decays, their rates are too small to be observable at the present or future colliders.

CERN Document Server

We study the renormalization group running of the tri-bimaximal mixing predicted by the two typical $S_4$ flavor models at leading order. Although the textures of the mass matrices are completely different, the evolution of neutrino mass and mixing parameters is found to display approximately the same pattern. For both normal hierarchy and inverted hierarchy spectrum, the quantum corrections to both atmospheric and reactor neutrino mixing angles are so small that can be neglected. The evolution of solar mixing angle $\\theta_{12}$ depends on $\\tan\\beta$ and mass spectrum, the deviation from its tri-bimaximal value could be large. Taking into account the renormalization group running effect, the neutrino spectrum is constrained by experimental data on $\\theta_{12}$ and the inverted hierarchy spectrum is disfavored for large $\\tan\\beta$. The evolution of light neutrino masses is approximately described by a common scaling factor.

CERN Document Server

In these lecture notes we derive a generic holographic string theory realization of a p-wave superconductor and superfluid. For this purpose we also review basic D-brane physics, gauge/gravity methods at finite temperature, key concepts of superconductivity and recent progress in distinct realizations of holographic superconductors and superfluids. Then we focus on a D3/D7-brane construction yielding a superconducting or superfluid vector-condensate. The corresponding gauge theory is 3+1-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with SU(N) color and SU(2) flavor symmetry. It shows a second order phase transition to a phase in which a U(1) subgroup of the SU(2) symmetry is spontaneously broken and typical superconductivity signatures emerge, such as a conductivity (pseudo-)gap and the Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect. Condensates of this nature are comparable to those recently found experimentally in p-wave superconductors such as a ruthenate compound. A string ...

CERN Document Server

We review various field theory approaches to the description of neutrino oscillations in vacuum and external fields. First we discuss a relativistic quantum mechanics based approach which involves the temporal evolution of massive neutrinos. To describe the dynamics of the neutrinos system we use exact solutions of wave equations in presence of an external field. It allows one to exactly take into account both the characteristics of neutrinos and the properties of an external field. In particular, we examine flavor oscillations an vacuum and in background matter as well as spin flavor oscillations in matter under the influence of an external electromagnetic field. Moreover we consider the situation of hypothetical nonstandard neutrino interactions with background fermions. In the case of ultrarelativistic particles we reproduce an effective Hamiltonian which is used in the standard quantum mechanical approach for the description of neutrino ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Neutrinos have recently been shown to have collective phenomenon which causes them to flavor transform near the center of the supernova. These flavor transformations can potentially impact supernova nucleosynthesis, particularly for processes that occur near the core, such as the r-process. In this paper we explore the effects of collective oscillations on a supernova r-process. We find that magnitude of the effect depends senstivitely on the astrophysical conditions?in particular on the interplay between the time when nuclei begin to exist in significant numbers and the time when the collective oscillation begins. Because of this delicate balance, a more definitive understanding of the astrophysical conditions is necesssary. Here, we explore scenarios based on outflow models currently in ...

CERN Document Server

In this paper, we first discuss the detection of supernova neutrino on Earth. Then we propose a possible method to acquire information about $\\theta_{13}$ smaller than $1.5^\\circ$ by detecting the ratio of the event numbers of different flavor supernova neutrinos. Such an sensitivity cannot yet be achieved by the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment.

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The lepton flavor-violating coherent ( /sup -/, e/sup -/) conversion is investigated. Photonic and nonphotonic contributions arising in various gauge models are considered. The dependence of the conversion rate on the structure of the nucleus is given by the elastic form factors. These are obtained in the context of shell model taking into account finite-size effects or extracted from the electron scattering data whenever possible. The relevant branching ratios are studied throughout the periodic table.

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The addition of ?-Sialon nanoparticles to lubricants in heavy-duty frictional joints is shown to be effective.

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Short communication.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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View of construction of endcap carts in Hudong Heavy Machinery (HHM) in Shanghai, China.

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Abstract Introduction - It is estimated that about 70-80% of the world's population relies on non-conventional medicine, mainly of herbal origin. However, owing to the nature and sources of herbal medicines, they are sometimes contaminated with toxic heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium, which impose serious health risks to consumers. It is critical to analyse source materials for heavy metals in order to ensure that their concentrations meet the related standards or regulations limiting their concentrations in herbal medicines. In this review, different analytical methods for analysis of heavy metals in herbal medicines are discussed. Objective - To provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the art in analytical methods used to detect heavy metals in herbal...

CERN Document Server

Recently we discovered and discussed non-Abelian duality in the quark vacua of N=2 super-Yang-Mills theory with the U(N) gauge group and N_f flavors (N_f>N). Both theories from the dual pair support non-Abelian strings which confine monopoles. Now we introduce an N=2-breaking deformation, a mass term \\mu{\\mathcal A}^2 for the adjoint fields. Starting from a small deformation we eventually make it large which enforces complete decoupling of the adjoint fields. We show that the above non-Abelian duality fully survives in the limit of N=1 SQCD, albeit some technicalities change. For instance, non-Abelian strings which used to be BPS-saturated in the N=2 limit, cease to be saturated in N=1 SQCD. Our duality is a distant relative of Seiberg's duality in N=1 SQCD. Both share some common features but have drastic distinctions. This is due to the fact that Seiberg's duality apply to the monopole rather than quark vacua. More specifically, in our theory we deal with ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have constructed a specific supersymmetric flipped SU(5) GUT model in which bilarge neutrino mixing is incorporated. Because the up-type and down-type quarks in the model are flipped in the representations ten and five with respect to the usual SU(5), the radiatively generated flavor mixing in squark mass matrices due to the large neutrino mixing has a pattern different from those in the conventional SU(5) and SO(10) supersymmetric GUTs. This leads to phenomenological consequences quite different from SU(5) or SO(10) supersymmetric GUT models. That is, it has almost no impact on B physics. On the contrary, the model has effects in top and charm physics as well as lepton physics. In particular, it gives promising prediction on the mass difference, #DELTA#M_D, of the D-D-bar mixing which for some ranges of the parameter space with large tan#beta# can be at the order of 10"9 #Planck constant# s"-"1, one order of magnitude smaller than the experimental upper bound. ...

CERN Document Server

Three-flavor lattice QCD simulations and two-loop perturbation theory are used to make the most precise determination to date of the strange-, up-, and down-quark masses, $m_s$, $m_u$, and $m_d$, respectively. Perturbative matching is required in order to connect the lattice-regularized bare- quark masses to the masses as defined in the \\msbar scheme, and this is done here for the first time at next-to-next-to leading (or two-loop) order. The bare-quark masses required as input come from simulations by the MILC collaboration of a highly-efficient formalism (using so-called ``staggered'' quarks), with three flavors of light quarks in the Dirac sea; these simulations were previously analyzed in a joint study by the HPQCD and MILC collaborations, using degenerate $u$ and $d$ quarks, with masses as low as $m_s/8$, and two values of the lattice spacing, with chiral extrapolation/interpolation to the physical masses. With the new perturbation theory ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Search for the value of ?13 mixing angle is of importance in understanding the lepton flavor mixing matrix, and in motivating future experiments to probe CP violation in the lepton sector. Among the present experimental approaches, reactor experiment can provide a clean laboratory for the ?13-measurement. The Daya Bay experiment will start civil construction this year at Daya Bay, Guangdong, China. The goal of this experiment is to reach a sensitivity in sin2 2?13 of < 0.01 at 90% C.L. by precisely measuring the disappearance and spectral distortion of reactor electron anti-neutrinos with multiple identical detectors at different baselines. The talk will present the current status and prospects of the experiment.

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I review recent developments in quark-hadron duality in inclusive electron-nucleon scattering. Matrix elements of twist-4 operators extracted from moments of the spin-dependent g1 structure function suggest that duality violating higher twists are small above Q2 {approx} 1 GeV2. The x dependence of local duality is analyzed within a quark model framework, and mechanisms are identified for spin-flavor symmetry breaking which underpin the behavior of structure functions at large x.

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The naive time reversal odd (T-odd) parton distribution $h_{1}^{\\perp}$, the so-called Boer-Mulders function, for both $u$- and $d$-quarks is considered in the diquark spectator model. While other approaches give evidence that the signs of the Boer-Mulders function for both flavors $u$ and $d$ are the same and negative, previous caculations in the diquark-spectator model found $h_{1}^{\\perp(u)}$ and $h_{1}^{\\perp(d)}$ have differnet signs. The flavor dependence is of significance for the analysis of the azimuthal $\\cos(2\\phi)$ asymmetries in unpolarized SIDIS and DY-processes, as well as for the overall physical understanding of the distribution of transversely polarized quarks in unpolarized nucleons. We find substantial differences with previous work. In particular we obtain estimates of the zeroth, half and first moments of Boer-Mulders functions that are negative over the full range in Bjorken $x$ for both the up and down quarks. In ...

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A survey is given of the influence of surface deformations on heavy ion reactions. Emphasis is put on the effect of zeropoint fluctuations in the entrance channel and on the effect on grazing collisions in terms of an imaginary part of the scattering potential.

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This report discusses the following topics: Fusion-fission in light nuclear systems; High-resolution Q-value measurement for the {sup 24}Mg+{sup 24}Mg reaction; Heavy-ion reactions and limits to fusion; and Hybrid MWPC-Bragg curve detector development.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A historical prospective mortality study was conducted on a cohort of 34 156 male members of a heavy construction equipment operators union with potential exposure to diesel exhaust emissions. This...Full Text Available

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The biological accumulation of heavy metals and cesium, strontium, and uranium in plants is discussed. The role of nutrient deficiencies and foliar treatments of manganese and iron compounds is described.

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The most important developments in gaseous detectors at LNL are reviewed. Some aspects of timing, pulse height and position resolutions of avalanche counters are reported. The experimental work on heavy-ion identification by Bragg curve spectroscopy is summarized.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An earlier representation of the radial distribution of dose about the path of a heavy ion in liquid water is modified and extended to include silicon, lithium fluoride, and sodium iodide. 6 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Science.gov (United States)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

German 2006 [1 p.] Germany Karger, Christian Heeg, Peter Jaekel, Oliver

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Sep 1973). United Kingdom Sinanoglu, O. Luken, W. Yale Univ., New Haven,

Science.gov (United States)

... Abstract : The inherent brittleness of the A-15 compounds, and the requirement for a filamentary morphology, led to a heavy reliance on a powder ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Thlaspi caerulescens is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator plant species that is able to accumulate extremely high levels of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in its shoots (30,000 μg...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Properties of highly correlated electrons, such as heavy fermion compounds, metal-insulator transitions, one-dimensional conductors and systems of restricted dimensionality are studied theoretically. The main focus is on Kondo insulators and impurity bands due to Kondo holes, the low-temperature magnetoresistivity of heavy fermion alloys, the n-channel Kondo problem, mesoscopic systems and one-dimensional conductors.

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Our previous point-contact Andreev reflection studies of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn{sub 5} using Au tips have shown two clear features: reduced Andreev signal and asymmetric background conductance. To explore their physical origins, we have extended our measurements to point-contact junctions between single crystalline heavy-fermion metals and superconducting Nb tips. Differential conductance spectra are taken on junctions with three heavy-fermion metals, CeCoIn{sub 5}, CeRhIn{sub 5}, and YbAl{sub 3}, each with different electron mass. In contrast with Au/CeCoIn{sub 5} junctions, Andreev signal is not reduced and no dependence on effective mass is observed. A possible explanation based on a two-fluid picture for heavy fermions is proposed.

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Capital investment in extra heavy crude production is expected to increase from $6 billion to $25 billion by 2005. In response to this forecast, producers are focusing their efforts on improving the quality of extra heavy crude right at the production sites to reduce their dependence on diluent, reduce pipelining costs, and to receive a higher return for their investment. Their efforts would also minimize environmental impacts at production sites. This slide presentation also proposed a solution to the problem associated with stability and incompatibility of thermal upgrading by taking advantage of the inherent incompatibility of extra heavy crudes and paraffinic diluents and using diluents to perform selective decarbonization (or the partial removal of asphaltene) to reduce heavy crude viscosity and density. A pilot-scale test has been conducted and a bench-scale unit will be carried out in Fall 2000.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Design improvements are being incorporated into the heavy water management systems at Wolsong 2,3 and 4 to reduce the load on the vapour recovery driers and upgraders and the heavy water losses via the stack. There will also be improvements to monitor heavy water and tritium releases. This paper describes the improvements, gives background on heavy water balance mechanism, the historical trends for heavy water recovery/losses and estimated dose to the member of the public critical group resulting from the airborne and waterborne releases. The measured tritium activity levels in the heat transport system (HTS) and moderator system at Wolsong 1 are given. Using these activity levels and heavy water loss data, tritium losses from the dried and ventilated areas are estimated. A qualitative assessment of expected heavy water and tritium releases ...

CERN Document Server

We propose an X-ray mission called Xenia to search for decaying superweakly interacting Dark Matter particles (super-WIMP) with a mass in the keV range. The mission and its observation plan are capable of providing a major break through in our understanding of the nature of Dark Matter (DM). It will confirm, or reject, predictions of a number of particle physics models by increasing the sensitivity of the search for decaying DM by about two orders of magnitude through a wide-field imaging X-ray spectrometer in combination with a dedicated observation program. The proposed mission will provide unique limits on the mixing angle and mass of neutral leptons, right handed partners of neutrinos, which are important Dark Matter candidates. The existence of these particles is strongly motivated by observed neutrino flavor oscillations and the problem of baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In super-WIMP models, the details of the formation of the cosmic web are different from ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The future e"+e"- linear colliders can also operate in the e#gamma# or #gamma##gamma# modes. In the context of the top-color assisted technicolor (TC2) model, we study the single charged top-pion production process #gamma##gamma# #-># tb-bar#PI#_t"-. The results show that the production rates can reach the level of tens fb with reasonable parameter values. So one can expect that enough signals could be produced in future high-energy linear collider experiments. Furthermore, the flavor-changing (FC) decay mode #PI#_t"- #-># bc-bar is the best channel to detect the charged top pion due to the clean standard model background. With a large number of events and the clean background, the charged top pion should be observable at future linear colliders operating in #gamma##gamma# mode at the TeV energy scale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many higher plants produce economically important organic compounds such as oils, resins, tannins, natural rubber, gums, waxes, dyes, flavors and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. However, most species of higher plants have never been described, much less surveyed for chemical or biologically active constituents, and new sources of commercially valuable materials remain to be discovered. Advances in biotechnology, particularly methods for culturing plants cells and tissues, should provide new means for the commercial processing of even rare plants and the chemicals they produce. These new technologies will extend and enhance the usefulness of plants as renewable resources of valuable chemicals. In the future, biologically active plant-derived chemicals can be expected to play an increasingly significant role in the commercial development of new products for regulating plant growth and for insect and weed control. 65 references.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

What Wallerstein described as European universalism dominated media and communication theory until the end of the twentieth century. The three-tier divide of the global economic system (center, semi-periphery, and periphery) explicated in world-system analysis was equally applicable to the global academic/scholarship structure. The non-traditional fields of study, such as media and (mass) communication, inherited the full flavor of European universalism because they originated in the academic institutions of the center countries. The turn of the century saw a dramatic reaction to the Euro-American rhetoric of power. Organized groups of scholars have begun to question the presumption of European universalism in media and communication theory, encompassing its axiology, epistemology/methodol...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Glycyrrhiza glabra root is one of the common traditional Chinese medicines and used as flavoring and sweetening agents for tobaccos, chewing gums, candies, toothpaste and beverages. While glycyrrhizin is one of the main components in the extract of G. glabra root and has been characterized, the other components have not been well characterized. The mechanism of growth activation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, including the activation of Erk1/2 and Akt, and the transcriptional regulation of estrogen-responsive genes, was examined by means of sulforhodamine B, luciferase reporter gene, real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting assays after the induction of the cells with the extract of G. glabra root. The extract has similar activity to that induced by 17b-estradiol (E2), although glycyrrhizin di...

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In this paper heavy metal pollution at an abandoned Italian pyrite mine has been investigated by comparing total concentrations and speciation of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and As) in a red mud sample and a river sediment. Acid digestions show that all the investigated heavy metals present larger concentrations in the sediment than in the tailing. A modified Tessier's procedure has been used to discriminate heavy metal bound to organic fraction from those originally present in the mineral sulphide matrix and to detect a possible trend of metal mobilisation from red mud to river sediment. Sequential extractions on bulk and size fractionated samples denote that sediment samples present larger percent concentrations of the investigated heavy metals in the first extractive steps (I-IV) especially in lower dimension size fractionated samples suggesting that ...

CERN Document Server

We present a detailed phenomenological study of direct photon production in association with a heavy-quark jet in pA collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at next-to-leading order in QCD. The dominant contribution to the cross-section comes from the gluon--heavy-quark (gQ) initiated subprocess, making \\gamma + Q production a process very sensitive to both the gluon and the heavy-quark parton distribution functions (PDFs). Additionally, the RHIC and LHC experiments are probing complementary kinematic regions in the momentum fraction x_2 carried by the target partons. Thus, the nuclear production ratio R^{\\gamma+Q}_{pA} can provide strong constraints, over a broad x-range, on the poorly determined nuclear parton distribution functions which are extremely important for the interpretation of results in heavy-ion collisions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the case wherein nonlinear seismic response analyses are carried out, the response values vary due to the variations in materials and modeling. In this paper, nonlinear analyses of several random variables are carried out using: i. a conventional method; ii. a two-point estimation method (i. and ii. are simplified methods); and iii. Monte Carlo simulation (detailed method) to examine the variability of the response in the excessive nonlinear range for seismic responses of shear walls. The analyses are performed to a PWR-3 loop type reactor building which is one of the most typical reactor buildings in Japan. The variations are considered in specified compressive strength of concrete, concrete damping factor, shear wave velocity of soil and shapes of shear stress-strain relation curves of shear walls. As the results by the two simplified methods closely matched the Monte Carlo simulation results, the appropriateness for applying the ...

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A linear induction accelerator that produces a beam of energetic heavy ions (T -- 10 GeV, A -- 200 amu) is a prime candidate as a driver for an inertial fusion power plant. Some early perceptions were that heavy-ion drive fusion would not be cost-competitive with other power sources because of the high cost of the accelerators. However, improved understanding of the physics of heavy-ion transport and acceleration (supported by experimental results), combined with advances in accelerator technology, have resulted in accelerator design costs -- 50% of previous estimates. As a result, heavy-ion drive fusion power plants are now projected to be cost-competitive with other conceptual fusion power plants. A brief formulation of transport and acceleration physics is presented here, along with a description of the induction Linac cost optimization code LIACEP. Cost trends are presented and discussed, along with ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The heavy chains of Acanthamoeba myosins, IA, IB and II, turkey gizzard myosin, and rabbit skeletal muscle myosin subfragment-1 were specifically labeled by radioactive ATP, ADP, and UTP, each of which is a substrate or product of myosin ATPase activity, when irradiated with uv light at 0"0C. With UTP, as much as 0.45 mol/mol of Acanthamoeba myosin IA heavy chain and 1 mol/mol of turkey gizzard myosin heavy chain was incorporated. Evidence that the ligands were associated with the catalytic site included the observations that reaction occurred only with nucleotides that are substrates or products of the ATPase activity; that the reaction was blocked by pyrophosphate which is an inhibitor of the ATPase activity; that ATP was bound as ADP; and that label was probably restricted to a single peptide following limited subtilisin proteolysis of labeled Acanthamoeba myosin IA heavy chain and extensive cleavage ...

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Solenoid transport of high current, heavy ion beams is considered for several stages of a heavy ion fusion driver. In general this option is more efficient than magnetic quadrupole transport at sufficiently low kinetic energy and/or large e/m, and for this reason it has been employed in electron induction linacs. Ideally an ion beam would be transported in a state of Brillouin flow, i.e. cold in the transverse plane and spinning at one half the cyclotron frequency. The design of appropriate solenoids and the equilibrium and stability of transported ion beams are discussed. An outline of application to a fusion driver is also presented.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nonparabolicity of the heavy hole band in diamond-like semiconductors, which occurs within the framework of the three band model with the perturbation from the other bands taken into account according to the Loewdin procedure, is studied. A direct dependence of nonparabolicity on the band anisotropy (caused by the different effect of Gamma/sub 15c/ and Gamma/sub 12c/ bands) and the inverse dependence on the magnitude of the spin-orbit splittiing is established. A connection between the effective mass of heavy holes and their energy is obtained, which is valid for the majority of diamond-like semiconductors, except for materials with a very strong nonparabolicity of the band of silicon type.

Science.gov (United States)

... the political charisma to compete with support of heavy divisions until recently. ... 82nd Airborne Division, the 101st Air Assault Division, the ...

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This report discusses the experimental setup of experiment 814 at Brookhaven AGS. This experiment involves the collision of silicon ions with target nuclei. The detector systems are discussed primarily. (LSP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Seismic Proving Test of Heavy Component with Energy Absorbing Supports has been conducted to prove the reliability of advanced seismic technology, supporting heavy component such as PWR steam generator with large capacity energy absorbing supports under the sponsorship of Ministry of Economical Trade and Industry. If energy absorbing supports are adopted for NPP heavy components, support structure of facility will be much simplified due to their seismic energy absorbing effect. The paper describes the results of lead damper element test and seismic test at Tadotsu Laboratory, using 1/2.5 scale PWR Steam Generator model supported by Lead Extraction Damper (LED) and development of characteristics evaluation formula of energy absorbing support. (author)

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... revetment construction, water well drilling, mobile facility assets construction using ... five days, and establish site layout for the follow-on RH ... modules. ...

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... public and civilian leadership considers the Insertion of the 82nd ... C+7, an airborne/light division by C+ 12, two heavy divisions by C+30, ...

Science.gov (United States)

activities, including the combustion of diesel fuel in heavy-duty vehicles and jet fuel in aircrafts. Current details on emissions from the transportation and other...

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development of New Methods and Means of Assessing of Consequences of Radionuclide and Heavy Metal Salt Effect, Criteria of Forecasting Physiological State and Productivity of the Farm Animals under Conditions of Ecological Pollution of Environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We review the current status of Andreev reflection spectroscopy on the heavy fermions, mostly focusing on the case of CeCoIn5, a heavy-fermion superconductor with a critical temperature of 2.3 K. This is a well-established technique to investigate superconducting order parameters via measurements of the differential conductance from nanoscale metallic junctions. Andreev reflection is clearly observed in CeCoIn5 as in other heavy-fermion superconductors. Considering the large mismatch in Fermi velocities, this observation seemingly appears to disagree with the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) theory. The measured Andreev signal is highly reduced to the order of maximum ?13% compared to the theoretically predicted value (100%). The background conductance exhibits a systematic evolution in its asymmetry over a wide temperature range from above the heavy-fermion coherence temperature down to well below the ...

Science.gov (United States)

Engine model: An engine and governor model adapted from a heavy lift helicopter simulation provides a restistic time delay between aerodynamic rotor ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The semiclassical approximation with straight-line trajectories is applied to the Coulomb ionization of K, L and M shells by heavy charged particles. The calculational aspects are discussed in detail. Scaling relations for the experimentally relevant quantities are derived. The theoretical predictions are compared with experiment. The relation of the present work to the earlier results of the semiclassical approximation and partial-wave Born approximation is discussed in detail. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The heavy water reactor such as Wolsung No.1 and No.2 has a purification system to purify the reactor coolant. The control system regulates the coolant temperature to protect the ion exchanger. After the fuel exchanges of operating plant, the increase of the coolant pressure makes the purification temperature control difficult. In this paper, the controllability of the control dynamics of the purification system was analysed and the optimal parameters were proposed. To reduce the effects of the flow disturbance, the feedforward control structure was proposed and analysed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report discusses the following topics: Fusion-fission in light nuclear systems; High-resolution Q-value measurement for the {sup 24}Mg+{sup 24}Mg reaction; Heavy-ion reactions and limits to fusion; and Hybrid MWPC-Bragg curve detector development.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The heavy Higgs bosons H,A of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model can be produced as resonances in high-energy #gamma##gamma# colliders. Prospects of the search for these particles in bb-bar and neutralino-pair final states are studied in this report. Heavy Higgs bosons can be found with masses up to about 70-80% of the initial e"+e"- collider energy for moderate values of tan #beta#, i.e. in areas of the parameter space not accessible at other colliders.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to calculate the nucleon transfer part of the imaginary optical-model potential in colliding heavy ions. In the process of transfer of nucleons from one nucleus to the other, forward and backward neutrons and protons are treated separately by taking into consideration the effect of the Coulomb forces and the potential energy surfaces (driving forces). The Pauli exclusion principle is also incorporated properly in the calculation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of powder samples of heavy rare-earth (Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb) tungstates have been reported in the temperature range 300 to 900 K. Curie-Weiss law behaviour has been observed for all samples. The Curie constant, paramagnetic Curie temperature and magneton number for the magnetic ions have also been evaluated for each material. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

A cryostat is described that was developed for irradiating a number of small metal specimens with a high beamcurrent of heavy particles at liquid nitrogen temperature. The specimens, which are mounted on a block, are taken out of the cryostat after irradiation and subsequently annealed in a temperature bath. The progress of annealing is followed by measuring the change in electrical resistivity of the specimens in liquid helium. (auth)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radionuclide x-ray fluorescence method was used in the determination of Cr, Ni and other heavy metals content in wastewater of an engineering plant taken both before and after chemical treatment. Toxic effects of the wastewaters using Allium cepa root tip cells were tested. (author) 8 refs.; 2 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The levels of four different heavy metals [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu)] were determined in various vegetables [leek (Allium ampeloprasum), sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), parsley (Petroselium cripsum), gardem cress (lepidium sativum) and tarragon (Artemisia dracuncullus)] cultivated around the Sanandaj city. (Author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The estimation of numerical values of the mean distance of closest approach of ions, a, of heavy metal ion salts in aqueous solutions, determined from activity coefficients, as well as from different theoretical approaches, is presented and discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Technological processes of welding are significant sources of pollution in the working area. Evaluation of chemical quality of working area was made by means of radionuclide x-ray fluorescence analysis and activation analysis with fast neutrons. Welding aerosols were sampled by filtration method on Synpor 4 membrane ultra-filters. For selected types of welding filter metals, determination of heavy metals in aerosols was performed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The paper contains a numerical evaluation of the expressions for the absorptive potential in heavy ion reactions given earlier. With a standard folding expression for the real part of the ion-ion potential general good agreement is found with experimental data for the angular distributions of elastic and inelastic scattering. Special interest is attached to the case of "1"6O + "2"8Si where the calculated imaginary potential is very small at low bombarding energies. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new method named 'Bragg curve spectroscopy', based on the Bragg curve of the heavy ion being stopped in a gaseous ionization chamber, has been developed for identifying the particle and measuring its energy. The design of such a chamber and the experience obtained with chamber using various kinds of fast heavy ions are described. In conclusion, several problems to be solved in this method are pointed out. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

On the basis of a conceptual line developed in a previuos publication a phenomenological model for the description of rescattering of mesons and antibaryons in a heavy nucleus is presented. Together with the previous work, this treatment allows one to set up a model-independent routine that can be used in different physical situations. The approximations and the reliability of the approach are thoroughly discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The next-to-leading-order (NLO) cross section for the production of heavy quarks at large transverse momenta #gamma##gamma# collision is calculated with perturbative fragmentation functions (PFF). This approach allows for a resummation of terms #propor to# #alpha#_sln(p"2/m"2) which arise in NLO from collinear emission of gluons by a heavy quark at large p or from almost collinear branching of photons or gluons into heavy-quark pairs. It is presented single-inclusive distributions in p and rapidity including direct and resolved photons for #gamma##gamma# production of heavy quarks at e"+e"-colliders and at high-energy #gamma##gamma# colliders. The results are compared with fixed- order calculation for m finite including QDC radiative corrections. The two approaches differ in the definitions and relative contributions of the direct and resolved terms, but essentially agree in their sum. The resummation ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the quality of a rural area near Faenza (Italy) by using an active biomonitoring approach, i.e., by placing homogeneous individuals of the perennial shrub Rosa rugosa in different sites throughout the area. Further sites, within the city or its environs, were used for comparison. Soil and leaves of R. rugosa were analyzed for their heavy metal content. The total heavy metal pattern of leaves closely paralleled the pattern registered in soil, with the highest content (both in total and assimilable forms) at the site in the urban area, which is exposed to heavy traffic. Pollen quality (abortiveness and viability) was also tested as a potential indicator of pollution. Pollen abortiveness was strictly related to Pb levels in leaves, while viability was inversely related to leaf Cr content. Our results suggest that R. rugosa has the potential to be a good biomonitoring system. - Rosa ...

CERN Document Server

Some extensions of the Standard Model often predict a Z'gauge boson which mediates flavor-changing neutral-current (FCNC) interaction between up and top quarks. These new physics models are phenomenologically attractive because they can explain the top quark forward-backward asymmetry $A^t_FB$ measured recently by the Tevatron collider. In addition, they will induce the top quark FCNC decays and the like-sign top pair production which can be explored at the LHC. In this work we focus on two such models (the left-right model and the $U(1)_X$ model) to investigate their correlated effects on $A^t_FB$, the FCNC decays $t -> u V (V=g,Z,\\gamma)$ and the like-sign top pair production at the LHC. We also pay special attention on the most recently measured $A^t_FB$ in the large invariant mass region. We find that under the current experimental constrains both models can alleviate the deviation of $A^t_FB$ and, meanwhile, enhance some FCNC decays and the like-sign pair ...

CERN Document Server

We apply the permutation symmetry S3 to both charged-lepton and neutrino mass matrices, and suggest a useful symmetry-breaking scheme, in which the flavor symmetry is explicitly broken down via S3 -> Z3 -> nothing in the charged-lepton sector and via S3 -> Z2 -> nothing in the neutrino sector. Such a two-stage breaking scenario is reasonable in the sense that both Z3 and Z2 are the subgroups of S3, while Z3 and Z2 only have a trivial subgroup. In this scenario, we can naturally obtain a relatively large value of the smallest neutrino mixing angle, e.g., theta13 ~ 9 degrees, which is compatible with the recent result from T2K experiment and will be precisely measured in the ongoing Double Chooz and Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiments. Moreover, the maximal atmospheric mixing angle theta23 ~ 45 degrees can also be obtained while the best-fit value of solar mixing angle theta12 ~ 34 degrees is assumed, which cannot be achieved in previous S3 symmetry ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Field experiments were conducted in the south Texas and Texas High Plains area in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate peanut variety tolerance to carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl. Lactofen was used as the standard. Carfentrazone-ethyl at 0.03 and 0.04kgai/ha, pyraflufen-ethyl at 0.003 and 0.004kgai/ha, and lactofen at 0.22kgai/ha were applied 35 days after planting (DAP) in south Texas and 51-56 DAP in the High Plains area in weed-free plots. Peanut cultivars selected for evaluation were those normally used in each area. In south Texas, Tamrun 96, Tamrun OL 01, and Tamrun OL 02 were evaluated while in the High Plains area, Flavor Runner 458, GP-1, and Tamrun OL 02 were evaluated. No peanut cultivar by herbicide interaction was observed in south Texas but an interaction did occur in the High ...

CERN Document Server

We conjecture that all CP violations (both Dirac and Majorana types) arise from a common origin in neutrino seesaw. With this conceptually attractive and simple conjecture, we deduce that mu-tau breaking shares the common origin with all CP violations. We study the common origin of mu-tau and CP breaking in the Dirac mass matrix of seesaw Lagrangian (with right-handed neutrinos being mu-tau blind), which uniquely leads to inverted mass-ordering of light neutrinos. We then predict different correlations between the two small mu-tau breaking observables theta_{13} - 0 and theta_{23} -45, which can be tested against our previous normal mass-ordering scheme by the on-going oscillation experiments. We also analyze the correlations of theta_{13} with Jarlskog invariant and neutrinoless double-beta-decay observable. From the common origin of CP and mu-tau breaking in the neutrino seesaw, we establish a direct link between the low energy CP violations and the cosmological CP violation for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The study of B#->##tau#"+#tau#"-(X) decays can provide us with a better understanding of the third generation, and can be a useful probe of physics beyond the standard model. We present a model-independent analysis of these decays. We classify new physics that can largely enhance the decay rates and we discuss the constraints implied by other processes. Experimentally, flavor-changing neutral current B decays into final state #tau# close-quote s are still unconstrained. Searches for B decays with large missing energy at CERN LEP provide the first limits. We estimate that existing data already imply bounds on the B_d#->##tau#"+#tau#"-, B_s#->##tau#"+#tau#"-, and B#->#X#tau#"+#tau#"- decay rates at the few percent level. Although these bounds are over four orders of magnitude above the standard model predictions, they provide the first constraints on some leptoquarks, and on some R-parity-violating couplings. copyright 1997 The American Physical Society.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The increasing scarcity of conventional crude oil resources, as well as the sharply higher prices of crude oil, will generate increased interest in heavy oil, tar sands, and oil shale as potential substitutes. For all of these unconventional oil resources, extraction will be much more difficult, time consuming, and costly than for conventional crude oil. Although the inplace resources are vast and exist in many areas including the United States, the USSR, western Europe, Canada, and Latin America, probably only a small fraction of the inplace resources will prove to be economically extractable. These unconventional oil resources are now being developed in several locations around the world, and depending upon the exact definition probably account for less than 1 percent of current world oil supplies. The major current developments include: Canadian tar sands. Heavy oil production at Yarega in the Komi Autonomous Republic in the Soviet Union. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Testbed trials of the Sulzer RTA84 dual-fuel engine were successfully completed at the IHI Aioi engine works (Japan) in April 1986. This newly-developed engine, output range 15 to 40 MW, can be operated with both diesel or heavy oil and methane gas at comparable thermal efficiency and unchanged output. The RTA dual-fuel engine was developed in close collaboration between Sulzer Brothers Limited, Switzerland and its Japanese licensees Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. (IHI), Nippon Kokan KK (NKK) and Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd. (SHI). Intended for the propulsion of LNG carriers, where the boil-off gas from the ship's cargo is exploited or for the generation of electricity in stationary plants, the RTA dual-fuel engine is an economic and reliable alternative to the steam or gas turbines.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biosorption behaviour of and toxic effects of heavy metals in submersed and immobilised microorganisms was studied in batches and in continuous processes in an airlift-recycle reactor. Nickel, cadmium, and zinc were used as heavy metals. (orig./VHE) [Deutsch] Am Beispiel einer Naphthalin-2-sulfonsaeure-abbauenden Kultur wurde das Biosorptionsverhalten und die toxische Wirkung von Schwermetallen auf submerse und immobilisierte Mikroorganismen im Batch-Ansatz und im kontinuierlichen Betrieb in einem Airlift-Schlaufenreaktor untersucht. Als Schwermetalle wurden Nickel, Cadmium und Zink eingesetzt. (orig./VHE)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A significant number of biosorption studies on the removal of heavy metal from aqueous solutions have been conducted worldwide. Nearly all of them have been directed towards optimizing biosorption parameters to obtain the highest removal efficiency while the rest of them are concerned with the biosorption mechanism. Combinations of FTIR, SEM-EDX, TEM as well as classical methods such as titrations are extremely useful in determining the main processes on the surfaces of biosorbents. Diverse functional groups represented by carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfate and amino groups play significant roles in the biosorption process. Solution pH normally has a large impact on biosorption performance. In brief, ion exchange and complexation can be pointed out as the most prevalent mechanisms for the biosorption of most heavy metals. (Abstract Copyright [2008], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We discuss the renormalisation properties of the complete set of {delta}B=2 four-quark operators with the heavy quark treated in the static approximation. We elucidate the role of heavy quark symmetry and other symmetry transformations in constraining their mixing under renormalisation. By employing the Schroedinger functional, a set of non-perturbative renormalisation conditions can be defined in terms of suitable correlation functions. As a first step in a fully non-perturbative determination of the scale-dependent renormalisation factors, we evaluate these conditions in lattice perturbation theory at one loop. Thereby we verify the expected mixing patterns and determine the anomalous dimensions of the operators at NLO in the Schroedinger functional scheme. Finally, by employing twisted-mass QCD it is shown how finite subtractions arising from explicit chiral symmetry breaking can be avoided completely. (Orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A large area Bragg curve spectroscopy (BCS) detector and a position sensitive parallel grid avalanche counter have been developed to study heavy ion reactions, such as inelastic excitations and few nucleon transfer reactions near the Coulomb barrier. Reasonably good resolutions have been achieved for energy, atomic number and angle. A theoretical investigation on the mass dependence of the Bragg peak signal from the BCS detector, shows that there is a negligible mass dependence related to the geometry of the detector. The mass number of the heavy ions which cannot be obtained by the above method, has been identified by detecting the corresponding characteristic gamma rays from the product nuclei with two large solid angle gamma ray detectors. (orig.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Depleted uranium (DU) is a dense heavy metal used primarily in military applications. Although the health effects of occupational uranium exposure are well known, limited data exist regarding the long-term...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Systematics of neutron capture radiative width were studied in the target element range from Th to Cm. Reduced radiative widths were analyzed with a simple radiative width formula based on E1 transition. Average radiative width is presented with the standard deviation of 15%. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The removal of heavy metal by microbial biomass have been investigated as an alternative to the traditional methods. The removal of the heavy metals copper and iron from discarded lubricating-oil was studied using the biosorbent Sargassum sp. It was chosen a discarded lubricating-oil of a bus fleet from the city of Natal-RN-Brazil. The oil was characterized to determine and quantify the heavy metals present. The effect of biomass protonation was performed in order to increase the removal efficiency of the metals. The equilibrium time between the oil and the biomass was determined. It was found that after 10 hours the equilibrium was reached. It was also studied the influence of biomass quantity. The results showed that the biomass quantity is an important parameter to the efficiency and biosorption capacity. The protonated biomass was shown more efficient to removal of Fe and Cu, removing 37,53% and 31,63% respectively. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A statistical treatment has been applied to interpret the experimental data on the Xe M-shell vacancy production in slow 1.05 MeV Xe-Xe collisions and is shown to give better agreement with experiment than that of the molecular-orbital models.

Science.gov (United States)

Semiclassical analysis of heavy ion induced transfer reactions are discussed for the quasielastic region. Some unique aspects of these reactions are shown, the variety of features which can be understood semiclassically is demonstrated, and some open problems are indicated. 28 refs., 16 figs. (LEW)

Science.gov (United States)

... being reported (Kisseberth et al., 1984; Ma, 1989; Shore and Douben, 1994). Small mammals are useful indicator species because they have relatively small home ranges allowing a direct tie to the source of ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cell suspension cultures of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv VFNT-Cherry, produce phytochelatins (poly[γ-glutamylcysteinyl]glycines) when exposed to cadmium. The synthesis...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the production of heavy-sectioned ferritic spheroidal graphite iron castings for such parts as spent fuel shipping container (cask), undesirable structures like abnormal graphite lamella, pearlite or so-called chinese script type of inclusions tend to appear, deteriorating the mechanical properties at the central part of the section where molten iron freezes last. 500 mm thick cylindrical vessels with bottom, weighing 18 tons and 33 tons, were poured as trial products of casks. Solidification structure and mechanical properties were examined at many portions of the castings. By controlling chemical composition, solidification time and inoculation process the structure and the mechanical properties in the last portion of the section to solidify were improved. Sufficiently homogeneous heavy-sectioned ferritic spheroidal graphite iron castings were successfully produced in the as-cast state. In addition, quality assurance process by using test ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Late last year the Wolsung Candu in Korea suffered an incident which resulted in heavy water being released from the primary system into the containment. With the unit now back at full power, this article examines the causes of the incident and the action which is being taken to prevent it happening again.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

This video compiles 10 days' worth of observations from the GOES-12 satellite and shows the storms that dumped heavy rainfall on the Northeastern United States in the latter part of March 2010.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We calculate the expected fluxes of cosmic ray nuclei with charge 5 ≤ Z ≤ 28 at various depths in the earth's atmosphere, taking into account the initial charge distribution,...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange (LPCE)- Cryogenic Distillation(CD) process was studied which could be available for an optimal tritium removal process of pressurized heavy water reactor system at Wolsung nuclear power plant in the near future. Based upon ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the development of the specific mathematical modeling for heavy and ultra heavy petroleum fractions in a molecular distiller is very important the definition of physical and chemical parameters as density and specific heat of the mixture, the enthalpy of vaporization, among others, since they are used in the energy balance. Information on these properties and their variation with temperature are found in the open literature for mixture with few components (simple mixtures). However, for multicomponent solutions consisting of complex mixtures such as oil and its heavy and ultraheavy fractions, available data are few, or are limited to low temperatures. The specific heat is an important property in the energy balance. This property can be measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), which gives results with great sensitivity and accuracy. This paper presents the variation of specific heat with the temperature of ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe continued depletion of tropical rainforests and fragmentation of natural habitats has led to significant ecological changes which place most top carnivores under heavy...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Record production of heavy water was achieved: the plants at Glace Bay and Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia, produced a total of 560 megagrams. A shipment of 500 Mg was delivered on time to the Wolsung CANDU reactor in Korea. Energy conservation and waste hea...

Science.gov (United States)

The Wolsung-type nuclear fuel localization project carried out since 1981 finally reached to a full-fledged phase in 1987. We successfully produced and timely delivered a yearly demand of nuclear fuel for Wolsung unit 1. In this report we studied and summ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ContextWhile opioids are increasingly used for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP), we know little about opioid dosing patterns among individuals with CNCP in usual care...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nuclear physics parameters of the Wolsung CANDU-PHW reactor are computed by use of the PHWCELL computer code that is an improved version of LATREP. The PHWCELL code mainly computes cell parameters of heavy water moderated reactors, and modeling scheme of heavy water reactor cell calculations has been developed with the PHWCELL computer code. The reactor operating conditions considered in the study are cold zero power (CZP) and hot full power (HFP) with equilibrium poison. The cell parameters are also computed as a function of fuel burnup and the numerical results are compared with the results in PSR of the Wolsung unit and in the previous study. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The heavy Higgs bosons H,A of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model can be produced as resonances in high-energy {gamma}{gamma} colliders. Prospects of the search for these particles in bb-bar and neutralino-pair final states are studied in this report. Heavy Higgs bosons can be found with masses up to about 70-80% of the initial e{sup +}e{sup -} collider energy for moderate values of tan {beta}, i.e. in areas of the parameter space not accessible at other colliders.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tritium removal from tritiated heavy water in a PHWR is the most effective way in reducing workers' internal dose and radioactivity emissions from Wolsong NPP. The optimum design of the Wolsung TRF(Tritium Removal Facility) was carried out using an approximate short-cut method with an assumption that the TRF, designed to extract 8 MCi per year of elemental tritium from a heavy water feedstream, uses Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange (LPCE) front-end process and Cryogenic Distillation (CD) process. 19 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is possible to produce energetic beams of radioactive nuclei, as secondary beams, from the heavy-particle compound accelerator called BEVALAC. These beams can be focused into experimental areas without significant contamination using suitable magnetic filters and proper beam-optics. Properly selected high-energy beams of radioactive nuclei (those which defay by positron emission) can provide a truly unique opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of these beams in localizing the Bragg peak on a tumor volume - necessary in heavy-particle therapy. Preliminary data are presented here to demonstrate the possible use of these beams in radiotherapy treatment-planning verification.

CERN Document Server

Heavy quark production in $\\gamma\\gamma$ collisions is analyzed within the approach to hard collisions of photons recently proposed by the author. In this approach evaluating the cross section $\\sigma(\\gamma\\gamma\\to Q\\bar{Q})$ in the ``next-to-leading order of QCD'' requires the inclusion of direct photon contributions up to the order $\\alpha^2\\alpha_s^2$, whereas in the standard approach direct photon terms only up to the order $\\alpha^2\\alpha_s$ are taken into account. Phenomenological consequences of this difference are discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The formation of the ions charge and energy distributions of the ions slowed down or randomly changing their charge in the collisions with the medium particles are studied. The effect of the ions dispersion by the charge on the Bragg curve form is investigated. The proposed diffusion approximation for the heavy ions kinetic equation makes it possible to determine simply the parameters of the ions distribution by charge and energy on the whole way of the ions motion. The relation between the ions charge distribution characteristics and the cross sections of the ionization-recombination processes is indicated. The ions distributions, calculated in the proposed analytical model, are compared with the results of the numerical calculations. Good agreement between the analytical, numerical and experimental results is obtained

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When energetic heavy ions traverse a medium, the amount of energy deposited by the ions is closely related to their effective charges. The charge-state fractions of these beams are obtained by solving rate equations for the electron loss and capture processes. By assuming local balance between electron loss and capture, the charge-state distributions, the averge equilibrium charge q, and other properties are obtained as functions of the incident beam velocity. The LET (linear energy transfer) of Ne and Ar ions with energies between 0.01 and 100 MeV/amu is calculatedted using their average equilibrium charge.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the reactions induced by heavy ions, the study of breakup of heavy ions followed by the fusion of one of the fragments with the target has been of great interest. The present experiments has been performed with a view to compare the measured excitation functions for the same decay channels in "1"2C + "1"6"5Ho and "1"4N + "1"6"3Dy systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Optimal neutron energy for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been studied. Epithermal neutron is superior to thermal neutrons in treating deep-seated tumors. Design of the epithermal neutron column for BNCT has been performed by using a two-dimensional transport calculation code. Aluminum and heavy water are used as moderation materials. A thermal neutron column is also designed using heavy water as thermalization material. The configuration of the facility for treatment and research of BNCT and also for basic radio-biological studies of neutrons has been presented. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A large acceptance, high stopping power Bragg curve spectrometer has been developed for use in coincidence experiments with heavy ions. The electron collection fields are radial and position information is obtained from a resistive anode. The detector is 60 cm deep and operates at pressures of up to 2.5 atm of P-10 gas. It is mated to a scattering chamber which allows it to be moved out of plane during coincidence measurements. Factors affecting the performance of the detector are discussed, and results obtained with the detector are presented. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production of heavy crude oils increased in the last years in the world. Crude oils with high density, viscosity, acidity and sulfur, nitrogen, metals and asphaltenes contents, by the others hand, low stability and low product quality. The challenger of many refiners is find solutions to refine the heavy crude oils, and produce fuels with certify quality, such as Jet Fuel. The principal aviation technique on the world work with gas turbines engines feted for jet fuel (JET A1). The quality specifications of this fuel are establish by International Norms: ASTM-1655, DEF STAN 91-91-3 (DERD 2494) and joint Fuelling System Check List. The world technologies to obtain jet fuel from mixtures of heavy crude oil with middle crude oils are: Atmospheric distillation, with a posterior hydrogenation and finally the additivation. Studies carried out have demonstrates that the Cubans heavy crude oils is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

AREVA is the world leader in the design and construction of nuclear power plants, the manufacture of heavy components, and the supply of nuclear fuel and nuclear services such as maintenance and inspection. The Equipment Division provides the widest range of nuclear components and equipment, manufactured at its two facilities in Jeumont, northern France, and St. Marcel, in Burgundy. The St. Marcel plant, set on 35 ha (87.5 acres) near Chalon-sur-Saone, was established in 1973 in a region with a long history of specialized metalworking and mechanical activities to meet the demand for non-military nuclear requirements in France. The site offers two advantages: - excellent facilities for loading and transporting heavy components on the Saone river, - it's proximity to other group sites. Since its completion in 1975, the Chalon/St. Marcel facility has manufactured all the heavy components for French pressurized water ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A phenomenological analysis of lifetimes of bottom and charmed hadrons within the framework of the heavy quark expansion is performed. The baryon matrix element is evaluated using the bag model and the nonrelativistic quark model. We find that bottom-baryon lifetimes follow the pattern #tau#(#OMEGA#_b)#approx =##tau#(#XI#_b"-)>#tau#(#LAMBDA#_b)#approx =##tau#(#XI#_b"0). However, neither the lifetime ratio #tau#(#LAMBDA#_b)/#tau#(B_d) nor the absolute decay rates of the #LAMBDA#_b baryon and B mesons can be explained. One way of solving both difficulties is to allow the presence of linear 1/m_Q corrections by scaling the inclusive nonleptonic width with the fifth power of the hadron mass m_H__Q rather than the heavy quark mass m_Q. The hierarchy of bottom baryon lifetimes is dramatically modified to #tau#(#LAMBDA#_b)>#tau#(#XI#_b"-)>#tau#(#XI#_b"0)>#tau#(#OMEGA#_b): The longest-lived #OMEGA#_b among bottom baryons in the OPE ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) is an enhanced oil recovery method that induces sand production to form a network of wormholes that increase the porosity and permeability of a formation. Under proper conditions, CHOPS can improve formation flow characteristics. Integrated well completion strategies that were used to increase oil production at Fula oil field on the south flank of Mughad Basin in Sudan were described. Limited sand influx provided a means for effective sand control while eliminating the need for conventional sand control processes. Cold heavy oil production with limited sand influx requires optimized completion methods to stimulate sand production, thereby reducing oil flow resistance and prolonging the sand removal operation cycle. Completion tests were performed in terms of different formation conditions including perforating completion; perforating and full sand control completion by screen liner; and perforating ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

COGNIS TERRAMET{reg_sign} soil leaching and Bescorp soil washing systems have been successfully combined to remediate an ammunition test burn area at the Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP), New Brighton, MN. This cleanup is the first in the country to combine these two technologies, and this approach offers a permanent remedial solution. In Fall 1993, 1,600 tons of soil were remediated with an additional 10,000+ tons treated in 1994. The cleaned soil remained on-site, and the heavy metal contaminants were removed, recovered, and recycled. Eight heavy metals were removed from the contaminated soil achieving the very stringent cleanup criteria of <175 ppm for residual lead and achieving background concentrations for seven other heavy metals (antimony, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, and silver). In addition, both live and spent ordnance had to be removed in the soil treatment plant to meet the cleanup ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The precipitation of heavy metals as hydroxides is the standard technique for the decontamination of waste water streams polluted by these elements. On the other side, progress in research has been made concerning the biosorption onto dead biomass and bioprecipitation supported by physiologically active bacteria. As the aim of this study, a flexible strategy has been envisaged cleaning a waste water with definite heavy metal load underlying the process mentioned above. Suitable bacteria were enriched and the process was tested in a technical plant. As result, a very high efficiency of heavy metal elimination has been found. The field of application covered by the acquired process is identical with the whole range of the waste water streams polluted by heavy metals. In addition, a second stage may be necessary if there are any further contaminants to be removed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bei der Reinigung von ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: In heavy-water-moderated power reactors, tritium is primarily produced by neutron capture in deuterium nuclei in the moderator and coolant. For CANDU 6 reactors, the estimated steady-state values are #approx# 3 TBq#centre dot#kg"-"1 D_2O in the moderator and #approx# 74 GBq#centre dot#kg"-"1 D_2O in the coolant. Tritium removal is one option available to reactor operators for use in their heavy water and tritium management strategies. The WTRF is designed to remove tritium from tritiated heavy water in each of the four CANDU units at the Wolsung Site, to immobilize the tritium and to store it on site. The detritiation process is based on three steps: the first one (front-end) involves the transfer of tritium from heavy water to deuterium gas; the second one (enrichment) concentrates the tritium in a cryogenic distillation system to produce essentially pure D_2 and T_2 streams; and in the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The diverse microenvironments of foods, changing with processing and preservation, might provide conditions that would enhance the growth of microorganisms which are the principal cause of spoilage, off-odor and unpleasant flavor in foods. Radiation is a potential process which may provide a product with far superior microbial quality for food preservation, by reduction of microbial population; elimination of food-borne pathogens; extension of shelf-life; and reduction of spoilage. The aim of irradiation at low dose level is to eliminate certain microorganisms, especially spoilage types and those of public health significance. But, the radurization dose allows the outgrowth of radioresistant bacteria. Certain strains of Moraxella-Acinetobacter (M-A) groups have been recognized as radioresistant bacteria (Welch and Maxcy, 1975), which may have gone unnoticed by food microbiologists, since these bacteria have not been associated with problems and are present in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the 80's, because of the oil crisis, the Natural Gas (NG) appeared as a fuel with a great potential for Diesel replacement in Heavy Duty Vehicles. At that time, PETROBRAS with other companies have developed partial conversion technologies from Diesel to NG, known as 'Dual Fuel'. Engine dynamometer and vehicle bus tests have been developed to verify its technical and economical viability. Because of several factors, the Dual Fuel Program did not advance and the experience was interrupted. At the same time, other experiences using NG Otto Cycle bus engines, manufactured in Brazil, have been conducted, mainly at Sao Paulo, nevertheless, without expansion. Currently, factors as increase of the NG converted light vehicles fleet; the NG excess in the National Market, which has contributed to the NG distribution net expansion; the Environmental Legislature in vigor, that continuously determine lower emission limits; the government interest in ...

Science.gov (United States)

INTRODUCTION: This study examined the efficacy and safety of selegiline transdermal system (STS) and brief repeated behavioral intervention (BRBI) for smoking cessation in heavy smokers. We hypothesized that the quit rate of subjects who received STS and BRBI would be significantly greater than that of those who received placebo patch and BRBI. METHODS: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study in which 246 men and women were randomized to receive either STS (n = 121) or placebo patch (n =125) for 9 weeks. Recruitment targeted heavy smokers, defined as individuals with self-reported use of ?15 cigarettes/day in the 30 days prior to enrollment, who had smoked cigarettes for the past 5 years, and had an expired CO level ?9 ppm during screening. RESULTS: Although STS was well tolerated, the overall results indicated that STS with BRBI was not more effective than placebo plus BRBI for smoking cessation (p = .58). Conclusions: ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Executive Body adopted the Protocol on Heavy Metals on 24 June 1998 in Aarhus (Denmark). It targets three particularly harmful metals: cadmium, lead and mercury. According to one of the basic obligations, parties will have to reduce their emissions for these three metals below their levels in 1990. The Protocol aims to cut emissions from industrial sources, combustion process and waste incineration. It lays down strighten limit values for emissions from stationary sources and suggests best available techniques (BAT) for these sources, such as special filters or scrubbers for combustion sources or mercury-free processes. The Protocol requires parties to phase out leaded petrol. It also introduces measures to lower heavy metal emissions from other products, such as mercury in batteries, and proposes the introduciton of management measures for other mercury-containing products, such as electrical componets (thermostats, switches), measuring ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The available experimental data on the specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, valence, NMR Knight shift and relaxation rate, and the quadrupolar moment of YbPd_2Si_2 are examined within the framework of the single-ion Anderson model. Such an analysis has previously given excellent agreement between theory and experiment for numerous other light heavy-fermion compounds, where crystalline fields do not play a dominant role. For YbPd_2Si_2, substantial crystalline-field splittings make difficult a quantitative comparison with existing exact solutions of the Anderson model. Inconsistencies with the interpretation that a nearly degenerate ground quadruplet determines the low-temperature thermodynamics are pointed out. It is concluded that at least three of the four Kramers doublets participate in the low-T properties. These three doublets should have a splitting of the order of the Kondo temperature, i.e., about 100 K. A simple resonant-level model ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The contamination of environmental materials (soil and dust) by heavy elements is of concern in assessing environmental pollution. Characterization of samples is performed in order to provide information that can be used to assess the potential hazard of the material, to assess remediation strategies, and to determine the source of the heavy element-bearing material. Microbeam analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or electron microprobe on polished particle mounts allows the size, internal morphology and chemical composition to be determined on a particle-by-particle basis. Computer controlled SEM allows all factors except internal structure to be acquired in an automated fashion. The authors present examples of two studies using microbeam techniques. In the first example, they illustrate how cadmium associated with sphalerite in soils can be quantified at levels down to a few parts per million (ppm) using computer controlled SEM ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Love Canal episode began the long battle on hazardous wastes in the United States. Obviously, the potential danger of hazardous wastes is one of the hottest issues among environmental professionals as well as the public. The problems of hazardous wastes in economically booming Taiwan are also alarming. Several farmlands in northern Taiwan were contaminated heavily by industrial effluents containing heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in the early 1980s. Regardless of the many studies that have been conducted about these polluted farmlands, there has not been any remediation - just a passive abandonment of farming activities with minimal compensation. This paper addresses a heavy-metal-contaminated fanning area. A pollution profile across time is delineated using information from the abundance of reports, and the contamination is modeled mathematically. The past, the present, and future exposures are also modeled. The results are presented in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biomimetic vesicle media which can selectivity extract and concentrate heavy metals (e.g., Pb{sup 2+}) from dilute solutions of 5 ppm and less have been prepared. At a concentration of only 1% 2/v, these non-covalently assembled, unilamellar, surfactant vesicles provide approximately 1,000m{sup 2} of exposed membrane surface area per liter of suspension which gives rise to very rapid rates of metal ion extraction. To facilitate the selective transport of heavy metal ions through the ion impermeable vesicle wall, the vesicles are doped with lipophilic ionophores, both natural and synthetic. In addition, the metal chelating agent, nitrolotriacetate, is encapsulated in the aqueous vesicle core to provide the driving force for metal ion uptake and concentration. Concentration factors in excess of 1000 fold have been observed. Metal-sorbing surfactant vesicles measuring approximately 100 nm in diameter are stable and have been tested in a ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The plans for the CERN LHC heavy ion program in 2010 are for collisions of lead ions during the month of November at an energy about half of the final 5.5 TeV/nucleon. The advanced preparations are mostly for extrapolations of the measurements at the maximum energy previously available, Au + Au at 0.2 TeV/nucleon. Because of the large increase in energy, surprises can be expected. One new feature made possible by the increased energy and the excellent muon energy resolution of CMS will be the study of the yields of the excited states of the upsilon meson as a function of angle and centrality. Although the main emphasis will be on the QGP formed by the overlapping parts of the Pb ions, the spectator parts and the electromagnetic field outside of the ions, #gamma#-Pb and #gamma##gamma#, are also important.

Science.gov (United States)

We describe calculations of the energy loss, range, stopping power, multiple scattering, and other related properties of a high-energy heavy-ion beam at any one of a set of beam line elements. A beam line element (e.g., any beam modification, detection, or control device) is characterized by its thickness, areal density, aperture, and function. The loss of multiply scattered particles to any finite-aperture detector is calculated in the small-angle approximation, and the position of the Bragg peak, as given by particles stopping in the second of two ionization chambers used for Bragg curve measurements, is estimated. A general purpose computer program, PROPAGATE, has been written to allow addition, deletion, and modification of the beam line elements used in the calculation and to provide a convenient means of repeating such calculations for arbitrary beam lines. Calculations and experimental measurements are compared and found to be in satisfactory agreement. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The magnetic ordering temperature of some rare-earth-based heavy-fermion compounds is strongly pressure dependent and can be completely suppressed at a critical pressure, p{sub c}, making way for novel correlated electron states close to this quantum critical point. We have studied the clean heavy-fermion antiferromagnets CePd{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and CeIn{sub 3} in a series of resistivity measurements at high pressures up to 3.2 GPa and down to temperatures in the mK region. In both materials, superconductivity appears in a small window of a few tenths of a GPa on either side of p{sub c}. We present detailed measurements of the superconducting and magnetic temperature-pressure phase diagram, which indicate that superconductivity in these materials is enhanced, rather than suppressed, by the closeness to magnetic order. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tarapur Atomic Power Station unit-4 is first 540 MWe pressurized heavy water reactor. Heavy water is used as the coolant and moderator. With reactor operation tritium is formed by absorption of neutron by Deuterium atoms. Experience in the 220 MWe indicates that tritium is main contributor to the internal dose of radiation workers. Study on Tritium build up in Primary Heat Transport (PHT) and Moderator (MOD) system was carried out at the initial stage of the operation of the unit-3 and 4. This paper brings out tritium activity buildup in the PHT and MOD systems and its comparison with 220 MWe reactors. This paper helps in estimation of the internal dose contribution to the radiation workers at TAPS 3 and 4. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Under changing redox conditions some plants create plaques at their root surface, which may affect the mobility and uptake of As and heavy metals but it is unknown to what extent this also holds true for willows in contaminated floodplain soils. Therefore, willow roots were sampled from a phytoremediation trial in the contaminated floodplain of the river Elbe (Germany), cryofixed, freeze-dried, and cross sections were mapped for the distribution of As, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, S and Zn by synchrotron based X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The elements Ca, Cu, Ni, S and Zn were concentrated in the aerenchymatic tissue, and not associated with Fe and Mn. Mixed Fe-Mn plaques covered the surface of the willow roots and As was accumulated in these plaques. The observed association pattern between...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

By using Bragg curve spectroscopy, one can measure atomic number and energy of high energy heavy ions stopping in a gas-filled ionization chamber with longitudinal electric field. In this paper, we report on the results obtained with an isobutane filled detector. An energy resolution of 0.8% fwhm and a Z resolution of 2.7% fwhm were achieved for elastically scattered 300 MeV "4"0Ar ions. We study the Bragg peak amplitude dependence on the energy of the incoming ions, a dependence presumably due to the Frisch grid screening inefficiency. The corrected Bragg peak spectrum of inelastically scattered 300 MeV "4"0Ar ions exhibits a satisfactory Z separation around Z = 18. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Level 1 and 2 probabilistic safety assessments (PSAs) for both internal and external events are being performed to meet one of the conditions for a construction permit for Wolsong units 2, 3, and 4 in Korea. These units are CANDU-6 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs), and the study is the first comprehensive level 1 and 2 PSAs for CANDU type plants in the world. The detailed PSA includes and extensive fault tree, event tree analysis, human reliability analysis, and common cause failure analysis. Event trees have been developed for 35 internal initiating event groups. The preliminary results show that the total core damage frequency for Wolsong units 2, 3, and 4 each is similar to that for a typical PWR plant. (author).

CERN Document Server

We propose a simple mechanism that may explain the observed particle-antiparticle asymmetry in the Universe. In the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory of gravity, the intrinsic spin of matter generates spacetime torsion. Classical Dirac fields in the presence of torsion obey the nonlinear Hehl-Datta equation which is asymmetric under a charge-conjugation transformation. Accordingly, at extremely high densities that existed in the very early Universe, fermions have higher effective masses than antifermions. As a result, a meson composed of a light quark and a heavy antiquark has a lower effective mass than its antiparticle. Neutral-meson oscillations in thermal equilibrium therefore favor the production of light quarks and heavy antiquarks, which may be related to baryogenesis.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A Y-Mg-Si-Al-O-N glass was submitted to swift heavy-ion bombardment at GANIL (Caen, France) and the influence of irradiation on the mechanical properties was studied. The mechanical properties of the glass were characterized both before and after irradiation. Changes in hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of the near-surface irradiated layer were determined using indentation techniques. SRIM calculations allowed to estimate the ions penetration range and the energy deposition relative to electronic and nuclear interactions, which can be correlated to the experimental damaged depth. Meyer's hardness and Young's modulus decrease by about 30 %, while fracture toughness is increased by more than 40 %. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lead is a heavy metal which is widely used in paint industry, pigments, dyes, electrical components and electronics, plastic chemicals and in various other things. Since some of the lead salts are soluble in water, lead presents a potential threat to aquatic organisms. Studies dealing with invertebrates include those on mortality, growth and lead uptake in Lymnaea palustris and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in oysters and mussels. Little information exists regarding the effect of lead on the fresh water crustaceans. Hence the present investigation has been undertaken to study the uptake and loss of lead on exposure to subtoxic levels or organic and inorganic lead.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thick targets of several heavy lanthanide (Ho-Lu) compounds were bombarded by protons and "3He ions of 3 MeV/amu, and M_#alpha# and M_#beta# X-rays were measured with a crystal spectrometer. Ionization probabilities of the N-shell for zero impact parameter were obtained from the X-ray intensity ratio for proton and "3He ion impacts. A shell dependence of the ionization probability was found in a scaling plot. X-ray spectra of lanthanide compounds were compared and no chemical effect was observed. This result is considered to be due to the fact that the main component of M_#alpha# and M_#beta# lines is for radiative transition after the refilling of the 4f orbit (3d"-"14f"n"+"1 #-># 4f"n) where n denotes the number of 4f electrons of the target atom before ionization. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pd/n-Si and Pd/n-GaAs devices have been irradiated from high energy ({approx}100 MeV) heavy ions of Au{sup 7+} (gold) and Si{sup 7+} (silicon) to study the irradiation effects in these junction devices on semiconductor substrates. The devices have been characterized from I-V and C-V studies for electronic flow characterization. It has been found that the devices become high resistive on the irradiation and the substrates change the conductivity type from n- to p- on the irradiation of fluence of {approx}10{sup 12}-10{sup 13} ions/cm{sup 2}. The change in conductivity type has been understood as a result of creation of deep acceptors on the irradiation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haemocyanin serves as normal transporter of oxygen in many Arthropods. The oxygen equilibrium curves have been described for the haemocyanins of many Arthropods and Molluscs. Oxygen equilibrium curves of the blood reveal the relationship between the oxygen tension and the percentage saturation of the haemocyanin. The shape of the oxygen equilibrium curves vary in position from sigmoid to hyperbolic in different animals or even undulatory as shown in some chitons. Oxygen equilibrium curves are known to be influenced by pH, temperature and inorganic ions. The effect of environmental pollutants like the heavy metals on the oxygen equilibrium curves of the fresh water crab has not been previously reported. One of the toxic heavy metals with regard to aquatic organisms is lead. Hence the present study was designed to determine the effect of organic and inorganic lead on the oxygen equilibrium curve of the fresh water crab, Barytelphusa guerini.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, bacterial strains were investigated in order to determine their heavy metal tolerance. The bacterial strains were identified as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus. In the batch system, the effects of operating variables such as solution pH, initial metal concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dosage were investigated. Both isolates were highly resistance to copper and lead in comparison with the control strain examined. The adsorption capacities of B. cereus and B. pumilus were found to be 22.1mg/g and 28.06mg/g, respectively. The biosorption follows pseudo-second order kinetics and the isotherm fits well to the Langmuir isotherm model. In column experiments, the biosorption was fitted well by the Thomas model. The breakthrough and exhaustion capacity of each biosorben...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A fundamental study of the application of bacteria to the recovery of toxic heavy metals from aqueous environments was carried out. The biosorption characteristics of cadmium and lead ions were determined with purple nonsulfur bacteria, Rhodobacter sphaeroides and hydrogen bacteria, Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 that were inactivated by steam sterilization. A simplified version of the metal binding model proposed by Plette et al. was used for the description of meal binding data. The results showed that the biosorption of bivalent metal ions to whole cell bodies of the bacteria was due to monodentate binding to two different types of acidic sites: carboxilic and phosphatic-type sites. The number of metal binding sites of A. eutrophus was 2.4-fold larger than that of R. sphaeroides.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Y-zeolite supported catalysts were applied to the hydrocracking of coal-derived liquids. By the introduction of two-stage upgrading consisting of hydrotreating and hydrocracking, Wandoan coal-derived middle distillate was hydrocracked over Ni-Mo/Y-zeolite, producing a high gasoline fraction yield. Zeolite supported catalysts gave little hydrocracked compounds in the hydroprocessing of coal-derived heavy oils, even after hydrotreatment. The reaction inhibitors which seriously poison the active sites of zeolites were found to be small nitrogen-containing molecules. In the hydroprocessing of coal-derived heavy oils, zeolite supported catalysts were inferior to alumina supported catalysts. This is due to the high hydrocracking but low hydrogenation activity of zeolite supported catalysts. 22 refs., 5 figs., 11 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Angular dependence from L_3-subshell to M-shell vacancy transfer probabilities for selected heavy elements from Au to U have been measured by using a Si(Li) detector coupled to a model 1024 computerized multi-channel analyzer. Because the angular dependence from L_3-subshell to M-shell vacancy transfer probabilities is not found in the literature, to the best of our knowledge there are no experimental values for worked elements. Therefore, the results for the elements obtained in the present study constitute the first experimental measurements; the comparison has been not made with other experimental and theoretical results. It has been observed that angular dependence from L_3-subshell to M-shell vacancy transfer probabilities increase with increasing cos #theta#.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents a design of fuzzy power system stabilizer (FPSS) using adaptive evolutionary computation (AEC). We have proposed an adaptive evolutionary algorithm which uses a genetic algorithm (GA) and an evolution strategy (ES) in an adaptive manner in order to take merits of two different evolutionary computations. FPSS shows better control performances than conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS) in three-phase fault with heavy load which is used when tuning FPSS. To show there robustness of the proposed FPSS, it is applied to damp the low frequency oscillations caused by disturbances such as three-phase fault with normal and light load, the angle deviation of generator with normal and light load and the angle deviation of generator with heavy load. Proposed FPSS shows better robustness than CPSS. (author). 15 refs., 13 figs., 3 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The top quark has been discovered in 1995 at the CDF and DO experiments located in the Tevatron ring at the Fermilab laboratory. After more than a decade the Tevatron collider, with its center-of-mass energy collisions of 1.96 TeV, is still the only machine capable of producing such exceptionally heavy particle. Here I present a selection of the most recent CDF and DO measurements performed analyzing {approx} 1 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity.

Environmental Research Database

ObjectivesObjectives Not AvailableDescriptionWe will study the electrodeposition of metals from solutions containing a~%~ mixture of metal cations, in order to discover the conditions which lead to the separation of the metals. Measurements will be made both using small glass cells and using a more realistic size (10 cm x 10 cm electrodes) of electrodeposition cell.~%~

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The CLARA-PRISMA setup, composed of an array of 25 Clover detectors placed at the target position of the magnetic spectrometer PRISMA, has recently concluded its campaign to study the structure of moderately neutron-rich nuclei. In this contribution, results obtained in the vicinity of the doubly-magic nucleus "4"8Ca are presented, together with results obtained for the heavy iron isotopes. The perspectives offered by the forthcoming operation of the AGATA Demonstrator Array coupled to PRISMA are also discussed. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ammonium nitrate shale oil explosives are provided which are effective, powerful, inexpensive, and safe. The explosives contain about 2% to 10% by weight shale oil and about 90% to 98% by weight ammonium nitrate. The shale oil can be whole shale oil or heavy shale oil containing from 0.1% to 65% by weight oil shale dust. The ammonium nitrate is preferably in the form of explosive grade ammonium nitrate prills.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quark models of production of cumulative particles and the EMC effect are analyzed. It is shown that all these models are characterized by a universal relation between the spectrum of cumulative nucleons and the cross section for cumulative particles containing valence quarks of the nucleus. This relation is tested for the deuteron, and the role of secondary nuclear processes for heavy nuclei is discussed. It is noted that the ''sea'' cumulative particles (K"-, p-bar) are particularly important for understanding the nature of the difference between the structure functions of a nucleus and of a free nucleon.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Future #gamma##gamma# colliders allow the production of the heavy neutral MSSM Higgs bosons H and A as single resonances. The prospects of finding these particles in the bb-bar and the neutralino-pair final states have been analyzed. The H, A bosons can be discovered for medium values of tan #beta# with masses up to 70-80% of the initial e"#+-#e"- c.m. energy. This production mode thus covers parts of the supersymmetric parameter space that are not accessible at other colliders.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A large Bragg-curve spectrometer has been constructed and tested. The detector has a cylindrical geometry and operates with a homogeneous electric field. Energy resolutions of <0.8% and Z resolutions of Z/..delta..Z=80 have been achieved for eleastically scattered /sup 58/Ni ions. These results demonstrate the suitability of this large solid-angle detector for use in a wide variety of heavy-ion scattering experiments.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new method of particle identification of heavy ions through the measurement of the Bragg curve centroid and particle energy has been developed using a gas ionization chamber with a resistive anode layer. Z-resolutions comparable to the conventional ..delta..E-E counter telescope could be rather easily attained.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Drilling fluid additives are prepared by oxidation of sulfonated lignin-containing materials with manganese dioxide under highly acidic conditions to make manganese lignosulfonates. Additional improvements in the rheological properties of the additives may be obtained by complexing the manganese lignosulfonate so obtained with a heavy metal cation (preferably iron or copper), by, for example, addition of ferrous sulfate or ferric sulfate to the manganese lignosulfonate. These products show the requisite combination of rheological properties for a satisfactory drilling fluid additive or conditioner.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Projectilelike fragments following the 80 MeV "1"6O+"2"7Al reaction have been detected using a Bragg-curve spectroscopy ionization chamber (BCS-IC). The atomic number is deduced from the Bragg-peak amplitude. Nitrogen isotopes are clearly resolved using either range or energy loss data. This is the first application of the BCS method for complete ion identification in a heavy-ion-induced reaction.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muon captures by nucleon pairs via meson-exchange currents produce a high energy excitation tail in heavy nuclei. The muon induced fission by these excitations is calculated in several subactinide nuclei with high threshold fission barriers. The probability for delayed fission ranges from 4 x 10"-"5 to 4 x 10"-"3 for the isotopes considered. (orig.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Most antibodies to factor VIII have recently been shown to react with discrete regions of the factor VIII light chain (within the C2 domain) and/or the factor VIII heavy chain (within the amino-terminal...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Despite successful reduction of the general lead exposure, this heavy metal is still a matter of public concern due to the fact that associations with intellectual impairment or delayed puberty are found to correlate with very low lead blood concentrations. Lead in tap water is still an important contribution to lead exposure which may cause health risk for infants. Therefore, lead pipes should be completely sanitated by exchange against pipes made from more healthy materials. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We calculate the S-wave scattering lengths for charmed mesons scattering off Goldstone bosons and explore their quark mass dependence using the chiral perturbation theory up to next-to-leading order as well as a unitarized version of it. The quark mass dependence of all scattering lengths determined in a recent lattice calculation can be reproduced by the unitarized version. We also discuss signals of possible bound states in these observables. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To achieve the high degree of management control and operational efficiency necessary for new undertakings, there will be a heavy dependence on schemes for the remote control and monitoring of all mine activities both on the surface and underground, plus the provision of information on operations, plant and equipment. This will all need to be supervised from a central control point on the colliery surface. A survey of recently introduced instrumentation systems makes it clear that British manufacturers already have made major advances in the field of automation, and new equipment constantly comes on to the market.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors report an extension of the source imaging method for analyzing three-dimensional sources from three-dimensional correlations. The technique consists of expanding the correlation data and the underlying source function in spherical harmonics and inverting the resulting system of one-dimensional integral equations. With this strategy, they can image the source function quickly, even with the extremely large data sets common in three-dimensional analyses.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report resistivity and thermopower measurements of the heavy fermion compound CePd_2Si_2 at pressures up to 56 kbar. At pressures from 21 to 34.5 kbar, we measured the resistivity down to 30 mK, for all other pressure steps the temperature range was 1.2-300 K. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Ti and Mo were determined in aerosols from manual arc welding. Samples of welding aerosols were trapped on a Synpor 4 filter. The amount of determined elements in aerosols was detected using the method of radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis. A "2"4"1Am annular source was used as the source of excitation radiation and radiation was processed using a Si(Li) spectrometer. (E.S.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigate the scope of all relevant production modes of charged Higgs bosons in the MSSM, with mass larger than the one of the top quark, at future Linear Colliders operating in {gamma}{gamma} mode at the TeV energy scale. Final states with one or two H{sup {+-}} bosons are considered, as produced by both tree- and loop-level interactions. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

To seek for a promising concept of a heavy liquid metal coolant (HLMC) fast reactor plant, Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) and the electric utilities conducted conceptual design study on various types of plant concepts and compared these concepts based on technical feasibility and economical perspective. The Pb-Bi cooled complete natural circulation reactor concept may attain high safety level and construction cost goal (Yen 200,000/kWe) (authors)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The ductility of extruded heavy-section Ti-base--Mo--V--Fe--Al alloy was studied. Metallographic evidence for the large effect of grain size on ductility is presented. Fracture was found to occur in large-grain material after less deformation than in smaller grain size specimens.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Department of Energy Office of Fissile Materials Disposition (DOE/MD) initiated a detailed analysis activity to evaluate each of ten plutonium disposition alternatives that survived an initial screening process. This document, Volume 2 of a four volume report, summarizes the results of these analyses for the CANDU reactor based plutonium disposition alternative.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Steam Generator (SG) serves as an interface between primary and secondary cycle in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). Failure of steam generator tubes result in leaking of active heavy water in the secondary closed loop. In Tarapur Atomic Power Station-3 and 4 (TAPS- 3 and 4), Scintillator detectors are provided to detect on line heavy water leakages in SG and moderator heat exchangers by monitoring Nitrogen-16 (16N) and Oxygen-19 (19O) activities. Efficacy of detection of these activities at designed detector position on SG blow down line in presence of background radiation field is analysed theoretically. The count rate of 19O and 16N estimated at the detector position inside Reactor Building (RB) shows that detectors only respond to very high leak rates due to presence of high ambient radiation level even though sensitivity is appreciably good. For detector position in RB in the accessible areas and out side the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The concept of preliminary transmutation of minor actinides before placement to the long-term storage is considered. The purpose of such preliminary transmutation before ultimate storage is to incinerate a part of actinides and to transform another part into new actinides providing low level of radiotoxicity accumulated in the storage. Modes of transmutation in reactors of PWR, PHWR (CANDU), and Superfenix types are compared. Among power reactors, heavy-water PHWR type reactor is most acceptable for preliminary transmutation. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Dispersants have been widely used as a primary response measure for marine oil spills around the world. Recently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed an improved laboratory dispersant testing protocol, called the Baffled Flask Test (BFT). The BFT protocol w...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method with a Si/Li semiconductor detector and "2"3"8Pu exciting source was used in the determination of Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn content in industrial wastewaters. Simultaneously, the effects of the wastewaters on activated sludge biocenose were evaluated. (author) 6 refs.; 1 fig.; 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A large IMF- and event characterizing multidetector system (CHICSI) is under development for storage ring experiments. In ''test'' experiments with telescopes of CHICSI type the IMF production has been measured for "1"4N induced reactions at 14A and 32A MeV. Detailed information about the emission sources, particularly from the IMF yield in reactions with isotope separated targets and from isobaric yield ratios in the sub-Coulomb region is discussed. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The scope of the present study was upgrading a set of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons mixtures whose commercial value ranks close to fuel oil and should become even lower in the next future because of the introduction of more stringent regulations on fuels, through hydro-conversion to a synthetic feed for steam-cracking. The resulting process provides an opportunity to improve the economic return of a steamcracking plant, offering the chance of converting low-value mixtures produced by the plant itself, such as fuel oil of cracking (FOK), saving an equivalent amount of naphtha. The method can also be used for converting pyrolysis gasoline (pygas). Although pygas has at present a fair commercial value, it could suffer a significant penalization in the future due to further limitations on total aromatic content in gasoline. Pygas hydro-conversion to a synthetic steam-cracking feedstock has been recently reported. Fractions from refinery, such as ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

After the devastating natural disasters that have hit China recently, another crisis is looming, Drought, pollution and heavy usage in the fast-developing megacities have resulted in a shortage of water. A huge construction effort is underway to divert water from the south to the north. But experts warn that it will not solve China's structural water problems.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Contents include: introduction; river systems; physical processes; chemical processes; estuaries and coastal zone; introduction; physical processes; chemical processes; the role of sediments; introduction; the anoxic layer; major-element chemistry; minor-element chemistry; the oxic-anoxic interface; assessment; introduction; analysis of sediments; modelling.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Steam Generator (SG) serves as an interface between primary and secondary cycle in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). Failure of steam generator tubes result in leaking of active heavy water in the secondary closed loop. In Tarapur Atomic Power Station-3 and 4 (TAPS- 3 and 4), Scintillator detectors are provided to detect on line heavy water leakages in SG and moderator heat exchangers by monitoring Nitrogen-16 ("1"6N) and Oxygen-19 ("1"90) activities. Efficacy of detection of these activities at designed detector position on SG blow down line in presence of background radiation field is analysed theoretically. The count rate of "1"9O and "1"6N estimated at the detector position inside Reactor Building (RB) shows that detectors only respond to very high leak rates due to presence of high background even though sensitivity is appreciably good. For detector position out side the RB containment, the travel time for ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Environmental and occupational exposures to heavy metals such as methylmercury (MeHg) and cadmium (Cd) pose significant health risks to humans, including neurotoxicity. The underlying mechanisms of...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Topics of this proceedings are: DNA damage and repair; Space research; Cell and tissue radiobiology; Treatment planning 1: The role of clinical RBEs; Treatment planning 2: Dose optimization and inverse planning; Dosimetry; Clinical results of particle therapy and new techniques; Status reports and future developments. Separate abstracts were prepared for 79 chapters. (orig./SR)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text.Changes in land use and urbanization yield more pressure put on limited soil and water resources, including the risk of pollution with toxic heavy metals. The study area lies in the Bekaa valley totaling about 12753 ha. The valley receives from the west torrential fan deposits and a mixture of colluvial and alluvial material. The principal soil classes are Fluvisols, Cambisols, Regosols, Vertisols and Luvisols. The area is populated and also the most important agricultural part of the plain. Agriculture in the plain is being practiced mainly with cash, field crops and vegetables. The western surrounding area is being used mainly for terraced fruit trees. This Arab-German Technical Cooperation Project (ACSAD-BGR) aimed, following the ISO standards and Eikman-Klocke recommendations, at investigating the nature of the extends of soil pollution by heavy metals in two pilot areas: The central Bekaa-Lebanon and Ghouta-Damascus. Different ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A multicusp magnetic field plasma surface ion source, normally used for H/sup -/ ion beam formation, has been utilized for the generation of high intensity, pulsed, heavy negative ion beams suitable for a variety of uses including tandem electrostatic accelerator/synchrotron injection applications. Sputter probe voltage limited total ion currents of 5.5, 8.2, 5.1 and 4.5 mA (peak intensity) have been produced from Au, Cu, Ni and CuO sputter probes, respectively. The mass distributions of these ion beams are found to be dominated by Au/sup -/, Cu/sup -/, Ni/sup -/ and O/sup -/ atomic species, respectively. The source offers the interesting prospect of providing cw negative ion beams at mA intensity levels of the commonly used semiconducting material dopants (e.g. B/sup -/, P/sup -/, As/sup -/ and Sb/sup -/) as well as O/sup -/ for isolation barrier formation. Illustrative examples of intensity versus time and the mass distribution of ion beams extracted from a Ni ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The heavy chain (HC) subunits of the bikunin proteins are covalently attached to a single chondroitin sulfate (CS) chain originating from bikunin and can be transferred to different hyaluronan (HA) molecules by TSG-6/HC2. In the present study, we demonstrate that HCs transferred to HA may function as HC donors in subsequent transfer reactions, and we show that the CS of bikunin may serve as an HC acceptor, analogous to HA. Our data suggest that TSG-6/HC2 link HCs randomly on the CS chain of bikunin, in contrast to the ordered attachment observed during the biosynthesis. Moreover, the results show that the transfer activity is indifferent to the new HC position, and the relocated HCs are thus prone to further TSG-6/HC2-induced transfer reactions. The data suggest that HCs may be transferred directly from HA to HA without the involvement of the bikunin CS chain. The results demonstrate reversibility of the interactions between HCs and glycosaminoglycans and suggest ...