Science.gov (United States)

das quebras negativas de relevo, como "e o.caso da unidade uAgr com a i. uAgn, e quando se estabelecem por falhamentos (caso da unidade uAgr com ...

ScienceCinema

...of this article he quotes um i am told by my english ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The properties of a new commercial thermoluminescent dosimeter, CaSO4:Dy without a LiF binder (TLD-900) was studied for low-exposure measurements in diagnostic radiology. The former TLD-900 had a LiF binder (herein referred to as ''TLD-900/LiF''). The principle features of this dosimeter are its high sensitivity to low-energy radiation and its relatively low fading which permits measurements down to less than 2.6 X 10(-8) C kg (0.1 mR) with an accuracy better than 20%. The characteristics, annealing procedures, light sensitivity, energy response, reproducibility, and fading, of TLD-900 are discussed and compared with TLD-900/LiF. When the precautions presented in this paper are used, the dosimeters can be used for the measurement of x-ray exposures.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Based on the enhanced cooperation between Republic of Korea (ROK) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), IAEA installed new safeguards equipment (Unattended Monitoring System, UMS) at Wolsung unit 2 on January, 2005. The UMS was utilized in parallel with traditional human surveillance during the transfer campaign of Wolsung unit 2 (7 March - 22 July). Installation of UMS at all Wolsung units will be decided on the basis of the result of this test. The transfer campaign with UMS at Wolsung units 2 and 4 was started from September 1, 2006 at the same time. Implementation of UMS to the transfer campaign in Wolsung site will be considerably reduced the IAEA's inspection effort and burden of operator.

Science.gov (United States)

... 041.034.0403 The Morphological Basis of the Armor-Like Folded Skin of the Greater Indian Rhinoceros ... hendo@um.u-tokyo.ac.jp ...

Science.gov (United States)

Imaging of NGC 7469 in the J, H, & K bands shows that the starburst 'ring' is a tight inner

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Most of the information in this chapter is obtained from 1, 2, 3, 6, 8 and 9 annexes. It is worthwhile to clarify that in most of the cases they are estimations of the available resources, such as: trash, geothermal, solar energy, wind energy, biomass and mini and micro-hydro-energy. In several cases punctual measurements have been made, which do not represent a generic value of a national reserve. [Spanish] La mayor parte de la informacion en este capitulo es obtenida de los anexos 1, 2, 3, 6, 8 y 9. Cabe aclarar que en la mayoria de los casos son estimaciones de los recursos disponibles, tales como: la basura, la geotermia, la energia solar, la energia eolica, la biomasa y, la mini y la micro-hidroenergia. En varios casos se han realizado mediciones puntuales, las cuales no representan un valor generico de una reserva nacional.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The atomic masses of the alkali-metal isotopes "6Li,"2"3Na,"3"9","4"1K,"8"5","8"7Rb, and "1"3"3Cs have been obtained from measurements of cyclotron frequency ratios of pairs of ions simultaneously trapped in a Penning trap. The results, with one standard deviation uncertainty, are: M("6Li)=6.015 122 887 4(16)u,M("2"3Na)=22.989769 282 8(26)u,M("3"9K)=38.963 706 485 6(52)u,M("4"1K)=40.961 825 257 4(48)u,M("8"5Rb)=84.911 789739(9)u,M("8"7Rb)=86.909 180 535(10)u, and M("1"3"3Cs)=132.905 451 963(13)u. Our mass of "6Li yields an improved neutron separation energy for "7Li of 7251.1014(45) keV.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors report the findings of Aicardi syndrome, a disease of unknown etiology composed of multiple spasms, chorioretinal lacunae and agenesis of the corpus callosum. They present a case of Aicardi syndrome with characteristic clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging findings. The disease, despite being considered rare, has characteristic imaging findings. Over the past years magnetic resonance imaging has improved its ability in demonstrating other findings besides agenesis of the corpus callosum, making the radiologist's role very important in the diagnostic suspicion of this disease. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It was agreed that both of the Republic Of Korea (ROK) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) cooperate with the new approach using the Unattended Monitoring Systems (UMS), the mailbox declaration and the short notice inspections, which can decrease the agency inspection efforts and operator' s burden. As a result of the positive cooperation of ROK for applying new approach, the IAEA could accomplish a successful implementation of new safeguards approach during last transfer campaigns at Wolsung site. As of the end of Feb. 2007, the IAEA installed the UMS at Wolsung units 2, 3 and 4. The transfer campaigns at Wolsung units 2 and 4 are performing from April, 2007. The IAEA will install the UMS at Wolsung unit 1 by the end of 2007. Then agency will inspect all of transfer campaign at Wolsung units by using new approach with UMS, mailbox declaration and SNI. It is based on the SSAC full ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

Science.gov (United States)

... by Remote Setting., Maryland Sea Grant Extension Program. Oyster aquaculture workbook series. Publication UM-SG-MAP-95-03. ... ...

CERN Document Server

Preliminary experiments have been performed to investigate the effects of radiative cooling on plasma jets. Thin (3 um - 5 um) conical shells were irradiated with an intense laser, driving jets with velocities > 100 km/s. Through use of different target materials - aluminium, copper and gold - the degree of radiative losses was altered, and their importance for jet collimation investigated. A number of temporally resoved optical diagnostics was used, providing information about the jet evolution. Gold jets were seen to be narrower than those from copper targets, while aluminium targets produced the least collimated flows.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nowadays, mixing is one of the most powerful tools for the process and products optimization in chemical process industries. The available technology can help in achieving almost any desired outcomes related to the process-side of the systems. This paper presents a practical methodology to improve existing agitation systems in order to overcome the constraints previously identified in the process. Well succeed real cases using this methodology in a petrochemical plant (Nitriflex S.A.) are presented. (author) 13 refs., 1 figs., 2 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The gastrointestinal transit was studied in 20 patients with loop transverse colostomies and previously normal colons. This analysis was performed through radiological observation of progression of 20 radiopaque pellets and measurements of its transit time in the various segments of the digestive tract. An evaluation of other related clinical and radiological events was carried out sentimentality's. In order to better understand the influence of the surgical procedure, the study was performed under similar dietary and supportive care conditions and standard radiological studies before and after the re-establishment of transit, thus enabling a comparison with the same individual. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Sommario I lipomi del collo e della testa in genere si verificano nel tessuto sottocutaneo superficiale. Quelli sottofasciali intramuscolari sono molto rari. Riportiamo di seguito il caso di una donna di 53 anni con un lipoma sottofasciale localizzato nello spazio antero-laterale del collo. La diagnosi della lesione e stata ottenuta con esame clinico e confermata con Ecografia (US) e Tomografia Computerizzata (TC). La lesione, caratterizzata da capsula e aspetto fibrolipomatoso, e stata escissa con intervento chirurgico.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cimetidine 1 g daily is often continued for a fixed period beyond the time of healing of duodenal ulcer on the assumption that it might reduce the subsequent relapse rate. To test this, 194 patients...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

Using the SCUBA bolometer array on the JCMT, we have carried out a submillimetre survey of Broad Absorption Line quasars (BALQs). The sample has been chosen to match, in redshift and optical luminosity, an existing benchmark 850um sample of radio-quiet quasars, allowing a direct comparison of the submm properties of BAL quasars relative to the parent radio-quiet population. We reach a submm limit 1.5mJy at 850um, allowing a more rigorous measure of the submm properties of BAL quasars than previous studies. Our submm photometry complements extensive observations at other wavelengths, in particular X-rays with Chandra and mid-infrared with Spitzer. To compare the 850um flux distribution of BALQs with that of the non-BAL quasar benchmark sample, we employ a suite of statistical methods, including survival analysis and a novel Bayesian derivation of the underlying flux distribution. Although there are no strong grounds for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The situation of natural gas in the Federal Republic of Germany is described, with particular emphasis on the advantages and consequences of natural gas supply. The brochure discusses the role of natural gas on the energy market, the reliability of natural gas supply, the environmental impacts, the energy-saving effect of natural gas, natural gas prices, the competitive strength of the German gas industry, and the long-term reliability of natural gas supply. (orig.) [German] Die Situation des Erdgases in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wird beschrieben, wobei die wichtigsten Vorteile und Auswirkungen der Erdgasversorgung besonders hervorgehoben werden. Es geht um die Stellung des Erdgases im Energiemarkt, die Sicherheit der Energieversorgung, Umweltschutz, Energieeinsparung durch Erdgaseinsatz, Erdgaspreise, Leistungsfaehigkeit der deutschen Gaswirtschaft und um die langfristig gesicherte Erdgasversorgung. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A plan has been put forth to strategically thin northern California forests to reduce fire danger and improve forest health. The resulting biomass residue, instead of being open burned, can be converted into ethanol that can be used as a fuel oxygenate or an octane enhancer. Economic potential for a biomass-to-ethanol facility using this softwood biomass was evaluated for two cases: Stand-alone and co-located. The co-located case refers to a specific site with an existing biomass power facility owned by Wheelabrator Environmental Systems Inc. near Martell, California. A two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis process is used for the production of ethanol from softwoods, and the residual lignin is used to generate steam and electricity. For a plant processing 800 dry tonnes per day of feedstock, the co-located case is an economically attractive concept. Total estimated capital investment is approximately $ 70 million for the co-located case. The resulting internal rate of return is about 24% ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents general considerations concerning the application of artificial neural networks algorithms, more specifically the back-propagation learning algorithm and feed-forward multi-layer networks, to several problems in power system. The main application in power systems is the load forecasting, and two solution methods are used to solve it. (author). 45 figs., 32 tabs., 144 refs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Hydrogen production from desugared molasses (DM) was investigated in both batch and continuous reactors using thermophilic mixed cultures enriched from digested manure by load shock (loading with DM concentration of 50.1 g-sugar/L) to suppress methanogens. H"2 gas, free of methane, was produced during batch cultivations, at different (DM) concentrations ranging from 1.5 g-sugars/L to 50.1 g-sugars/L. The highest yield of 237 ml-H"2/g-sugar was achieved during the DM batch fermentation at concentration of 2.1 g-sugars/L, whereafter the yield decreased with increasing DM concentration. The enriched hydrogen producing mixed culture achieved from the 16.7 g-sugars/L DM batch cultivation was immobilized on heat treated anaerobic sludge granules in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reac...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The State of the Espirito Santo will become until the end of 2008, one of the main producers and natural gas exporters of Brazil, where, according to PETROBRAS, the State will produce about 20 million /day m{sup 3}, what it will go to contribute significantly for reduction of the dependence of the Bolivian gas, and still to give support to the natural gas sector in Brazil. The Intention of this work, is to identify proposals so that it has left of the gas produced in the State of the Espirito Santo, has a differentiated price. It does not make sensible the State to pay for the gas that is removed in its proper territory the same price that paid Sao Paulo for the gas that consumes imported of national Bolivia. With the markdown of the gas the State will be able to attract investments of great transport, to generate job and income and to advance in the question of the regional development that is of great importance for the developed cities less. Important to stand out that this study it ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper investigates the functional endoscopic sinus surgery with the Messer-linger's technique which treats benign or inflammatory diseases of paranasal sinuses resistant to medical therapy. The goal of this type of surgery is to open the obstructed sinus ostia and restore normal aeration and mucociliary clearance. The computerized tomography permits an accurate assessment of extension and results of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. [Italian] L'articolo discute l'uso della tecnica di Messerklinger nella chirurgia funzionale endoscopica dei seni paranasali per il trattamento delle malattie benigne e delle infiammazioni croniche. Essa disostruisce gli osti sinusali ripristinando la normale areazione e la pulizia mucociliare. La tomografia computerizzata consente di valutare l'estensione e i risultati del trattamento chirurgico funzionale, soprattutto nel caso di insuccesso terapeutico, rilevando malattia nasosinusale ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report first-principles frozen-phonon calculations for the determination of the force-free geometry and the dynamical matrix of the five Raman-active A_1_g modes in YBa_2Cu_3O_7. To establish the shape of the phonon potentials atomic forces are calculated within the linearized-augmented-plane-wave method. Two different schemes emdash the local-density approximation (LDA) and a generalized gradient approximation (GGA)emdash are employed for the treatment of electronic exchange and correlation effects. We find that in the case of LDA the resulting phonon frequencies show a deviation from experimental values of approximately -10%. Invoking GGA the frequency values are significantly improved and also the eigenvectors are in very good agreement with experimental findings. copyright 1997 The American Physical Society.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes a method for measuring oil consumption in compressors. The oil is labelled with Zn 65. The consumed radioactive oil is retained in an activated carbon filter and its activity is measured continuously with a plastic scintillator detector. Measuring the oil consumption at a given operating levels takes about 15 minutes. At an oil consumption rate of about 1 g/h the measurement errors are of the order of +- 5%. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents the results of a new dual-fuel engine development program. The engine is the largest commercially available in terms of power output (650 hp/cyl) and features very low emissions (1 g/hp-hr NO[sub x]) and excellent fuel consumption (43 percent thermal efficiency). A two-cylinder turbocharged prototype was designed and built for the initial development. Results from testing on 18-cylinder production versions are also reported.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There are 4 CANDU reactors at Wolsung site together with a spent fuel dry storage associated with unit 1. These CANDU reactors, classified as On-Load Reactor (OLR) for Safeguards application, change 16- 24 fuel bundles with fresh fuel in everyday. Especially, the spent fuel bundles are transferred from spent fuel bays to dry storage throughout a year because of the insufficient capacity of spent fuel pond. Safeguards inspectors verify the spent fuel transfer to meet safeguards purposes according to the safeguards criteria by means of inspector's presence during the transfer campaign. For the verification, 60-80 person-days of inspection (PDIs) are needed during approximately 3 months for each unit. In order to reduce the inspection effort and operators' burden, an Unattended Monitoring System (UMS) was designed and developed by the IAEA for the verification of spent fuel bundles transfers from wet storage to dry storage. Based on the enhanced ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

By joining the `climate association of European cities`, Frankfurt has agreed to reduce its CO{sub 2}-emissions by 50% by the year 2010. The so-called `climate offense 1991` was the first regulatory paper to be set up by a community to reach this goal over a long term. This report now represents the present level of the project. Main points are the development of houses with low entropy, the retrofitting of heating systems, water saving measures and energy management. (BWI) [Deutsch] Durch den Beitritt zum `Klima-Buendnis der Europaeischen Staedte` hat sich die Stadt Frankfurt/M. verpflichtet, die CO{sub 2}-Emissionen bis zum Jahr 2010 um 50% zu senken. Mit der sog. `Klimaoffensive 1991` wurde dann erstmals von einer Kommune in Deutschland ein detailliertes Regelwerk aufgestellt, um dieses Ziel langfristig erreichen zu koennen. Der vorliegende Bericht stellt den aktuellen Stand des Projektes dar. Kernpunkte sind die Entwicklung von ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

3407 events were registrated up to a distance of 300 m during the period from 12.10.1989 to 31.12.1990, of which 385 could be precisely located. Activities were determined in areas surrounding the dam construction traversal drifts and boreholes at the 875 m level, near the large cavern at 975 m depth, in drifts and caverns above the 875 m level and in the vicinity of the rock salt/carnallitite transition zone to the south-east of the 875 m level. Energies and source parameters were calculated by means of spectres. Energy variations range from 10 J to 10{sup -4} J, the source radii from 3.5 m to 0.2 m, the source dislocations from 10{sup -6} m to 10{sup -8} m, and the stress drops from 10{sup 5} Pa to 0.06 10{sup 5} Pa. Magnitude and type of events observed are usual for mines. The microseismic activity provides an insight into the origin as well as changes of stress and rock mechanical material properties. (orig./HP). [Deutsch] Im Zeitraum 12.10.89 - 31.12.90 wurden 3407 Ereignisse bis ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plutonium-containing compounds vary widely in isotopic content, and as a result, the dose as function of isotopic content also varies considerably. Determination of the dose from neutrons, decay and capture gammas from plutonium in the form of compounds thus requires that the spontaneous fission and ({alpha},n) source and spectra from each individual isotope be known. To facilitate dose calculations from plutonium-containing compounds, we have calculated the spontaneous fission and ({alpha},n) sources and spectra for 1 g of each of the plutonium isotopes in the form of either PuF{sub 4} or PuO{sub 2}. As {sup 241}Am is often a component in a mixture of plutonium isotopic compounds, the source and spectra from 1 g of {sup 241}Am mixed with PuF{sub 4} or PuO{sub 2} has also been determined. Using these results, the neutron source and spectra may be determined for any sample composition. 2 refs., 3 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study is aimed at exploring the possible mechanism of hypnosis-enhancing effect of HgS or cinnabar (a traditional Chinese medicine containing more than 95% HgS) in mice treated with pentobarbital. We also examined whether the effect of HgS is different from that of the well-known methyl mercury (MeHg). After a short period (7 days) of oral administration to mice, a nontoxic dose (0.1 g/kg) of HgS not only significantly enhanced pentobarbital-induced hypnosis but also attenuated tolerance induction; while a higher dose (1 g/kg) of HgS or cinnabar exerted an almost irreversible enhancing effect on pentobarbital-hypnosis similar to that of MeHg (2 mg/kg) tested, which was still effective even after 10 or 35 days cessation of administration. To study comparatively the effects of different mercury forms from oral administration of MeHg and HgS on membrane ATPase activities of experimental mice, analysis ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document contains the technical proceedings of the 19 national seminar on the rational use of energy and exposition of equipment and services, organized by the Asociacion de Tecnicos y Pofesionistas en Aplicacion Energetica (ATPAE) (Association of Technicians and Professionals on Energy Application) conducted in Mexico City on September 21-25, 1998. This seminar encompassed subjects such as: energy saving in the energy sector, energy efficiency in industrial processes and practical developments, practical cases of energy saving in industry, energy saving in buildings, transportation, non-renewable energy utilization and environmental impact and eco-energies. [Espanol] Este documento contiene la memoria tecnica del 19 seminario nacional sobre el uso racional de la energia y exposicion de equipos y servicios, organizado por la Asociacion de Tecnicos y Profesionistas en Aplicacion Energetica (ATPAE), en Mexico, D.F, los dias 21-25 de septiembre de 1998. Este seminario trato de temas ...

ScienceCinema

...global warming um ? know he's been right into our our ...who was a little bit about global warming and cooling ...global warming ...america uh we can help ? global warming and reduce the demand for electricity and and ...now means that those who immediately combat global warming ? ...global warming ...global warming ...global warming by ...we ? in terms of the contribution to global warming is a small i mean anything else ...global warming and ...among scientists are speaking out about global warming the only thing they really talk about a year to ...the other factors that affect global warming and i i just feel that ...problem of global warming would have to ...global warming ...global warming ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study describes the construction of a simple mathematical model its validation through the simulation in transient state of a real cycle performed by a solar refrigerator based on physical adsorption using an activated carbon/methanol pair. The deviation from experimental results was 4% for the cycled mass of methanol, 2.2 % for maximum collector average temperature, and 3 x 10{sup -3} for the theoretical cycle coefficient of performance. Additional simulations of the same cycle inputting values representing different types and larger amounts of activated carbon showed the possibility of increasing the cycled methanol mass up to about 150%. (author) 26 refs., 16 figs., 9 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this work is the implantation and characterization of a neutron radiography system that uses an electronic device for attainment of images in real time, for its implementation in the nuclear research reactor Argonauta at IEN/CNEN (Nuclear Engineering Institute of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission). The Electronic Imaging System in Real Time is composed by a scintillator screen for neutron, a video camera (CCD), a digital plate and a computer with specific computational programs for digital processing of the images. The System in installed real time is apt to carry through neutron radiography inspections of static and dynamic events of several types of samples. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background/Purpose: Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare malformation. Endoscopic dilations represent a therapeutic option. This study retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of a conservative treatment of CES. Patients and Methods: Patients diagnosed with CES since 1980 by a barium study or endoscopy were reviewed. Endoscopic ultrasonography (Olympus UM-3R-20-MHz radial miniprobe, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), available from 2001, allowed for the differential diagnosis of tracheobronchial remnants (TBR) and fibromuscular hypertrophy (FMH) CES. All children underwent conservative treatment by endoscopic dilations (hydrostatic and Savary). Results: Forty-seven patients (20 men) had CES. Fifteen were associated with esophageal atresia; and 8, with Down syndrome. Mea...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Borehole stability is affected to a significant extent by the 3D local and regional stress field. Preliminary information on underground stress fields is provided by the World Stress Map, which shows N-NW stress at a depth of about 5000 m for the Voelkersen field. Earlier data analyses showed various directions in the range of 310-360 degrees. This was assumed to be a methodical error. An extensive study was carried out to evaluate and interpret all relevant information provided by borehole tests, borehole logs, and drill core measurements. [German] Standsicherheit und Stabilitaet von Bohrungen werden ganz wesentliche beeinflusst durch das umgebende dreidimensionale lokale und regionale Spannungsfeld. Fuer die Planung zukuenftiger (horizontaler) Bohrungen und die Erzeugung kuenstlicher Risse (''fracs'') spielt das Spannungsfeld eine bedeutende Rolle. Erste Hinweise ueber das regionale Spannungsfeld im Untergrund gibt die World Stress Map, in der ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Compared to the reference year of 1990, CO{sub 2} emissions of the Federal Republic of Germany have been curbed by about 12%, primarily as a result of industrial backfitting and pollution abatement measures accomplished in the industrial infrastructure of the new Federal Laender of Germany. Federal Government policy sticks to the previous commitment, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 25% by the year 2005. Current forecasts and scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions show that only immediate adherence to a very stringent reduction policy might ensure that this ambitious goal will be achieved. In this context, any change of the baseline data and scenarios hitherto used for progonostic assessments is a crucial factor, so that the article here discusses the impacts of a change in the nuclear generation scenario, as recently ventilated by the German Federal Government, and expected effects on public power supply. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Ausgehend von dem Bezugsjahr 1990 sind die ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Expression of IGF-2 and changes in its expression in response to systemic endocrine alterations have not been demonstrated for adipocytes. Adipocytes were induced to develop within cultures of 3T3-L1 cells using a medium containing 0.5mM isobutylmethylxanthine, 1uM insulin and 100ng hydrocortisone/ml for 48 hours of exposure. Cultures containing developing adipocytes were incubated with 10% pig serum and 1 uM insulin for several days. The resultant adipocyte cultures were then treated with either 10% pig serum, diabetic pig serum or hypophysectomized pig serum in DMEM for 48 hours. Adipocytes within the cultures were separated from undifferentiated cells using percoll density gradient centrifugation. Total RNA was isolated from adipocytes and dot blotted. Blots were probed with a {sup 32}P-cDNA probe for rat IGF-2. IGF-2 was expressed by the adipocytes and the pattern of expression showed specific differences between serum treatments; IGF-2 ...

Science.gov (United States)

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) have been recognised as one of the serious sources of pollution to the water environment during rain events, although field surveys to investigate the effect of their magnitude and duration on receiving waters have been very limited. The fates of enteric viruses (norovirus G1, G2, enteroviruses) and coliforms were determined in the wastewater treatment plant on a fine day and on a rainy day. Not all microorganisms were reduced in the primary treatment, but were reduced in the secondary treatment. Occurrences of enteric viruses and levels of coliforms were surveyed in the receiving coastal area after a CSO event, with the profiles of the enteric viruses in the coastal seawater being almost at the same positive ratio for 4 d after the CSO event. PMID:15318519

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Preparation of antibacterial alginate films incorporating extruded white ginseng (EWG) extracts was attempted. The antibacterial effect of EWG extract on six selected food pathogenic bacteria was compared with the effect of red ginseng (RG) and white ginseng (WG) extracts. The EWG was processed in a twin-screw extruder with feed moisture of 20% and barrel temperature of 115 and 130C. The data obtained by agar diffusion assay demonstrated that the film containing 1-g/mL of EWG at barrel temperatures of 115 (EWG-115) and 130C (EWG-130) exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against the four strains of bacteria than the other extracts RG and WG. All films sampled showed reduction in bacteria cell counts (log cycle) compared with the control. After 24-h of incubation, Pseudomonas a...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this work passive films formed in AISI 304 stainless steel were envisaged as semiconductors and studied by means of photoelectrochemistry and Mott-Schottky plots. The passive films were potentiostatically formed at different potentials (0.2-0.8V) in a basic borate/boric acid solution without and with addition of NaCl (0.5 and 1g/l) and at various temperatures in the range 8-60"oC. The influence of these parameters on the photocurrent, quantum efficiency, bandgap energy and density of charge carriers was determined. The results show that the experimental conditions at which the films are formed influence the semiconductive properties of the film, which seem to be related to the higher or lower stability of the film. An Arrhenius type of relationship was also found between the density of charge carriers and temperature, leading to the determination of an activation energy. (author) 13 refs., 7 figs.

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...and welcome to ...lab also known as berkeley lab my name is jeff miller and ...and a public affairs i'd like to ? ...but space is science center and ...berkeley albany high school science department and berkeley high school science department and oakland high school science ...be a q. and ...here please use and because we wanna make sure that your questions are here ...heard of also for the latest developments on science and technology ...guy we're going to be any more and more new features i hope ...and change ...thank you ? much and thank you for coming on the welcome to my world of and mayotte science journalist and what i've done for the last almost thirty years ...people about things about which there passionate and national religion tonight and ...people to explain the science and and i asking the question so what ...and ...worldwide and what it does best ? uh ...bench science and turn it into reality what do you scientists and ...uh they take scientific theory and they turn ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thin, elastic foils of good resistance to the air exposure, patented as wound healing aids, were prepared by evaporation of a blend of lecithin (L) and sodium hyaluronan (H) taken under varying proportions. The contact angle for water, glycerol, formamide, ethylene glycol and diiodomethane, was determined for these foils. The contact angle was correlated against the H:L foil composition. For all liquids but formamide the highest contact angle was noted for the H:L = 2:1 (g g{sup -1}) ratio. The contact angles provided estimation of the work of adhesion. At the same L:H ratio the work of adhesion was the lowest. It was suggested that lecithin cross-linked hyaluronan. Since the work of adhesion of the studied liquids was similar to that of diiodomethane, it could be concluded that almost all functional groups on the foil surface were completely blocked. Perhaps, at H:L = 2:1 (g g{sup -1}) a stoichiometric ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three different configurations of cylindrical submerged media anaerobic reactors (SMARs) with packing volumes of 85 items were operated at 35 C for 415 days with COD loading rates varying from 1 to 12 g/l/d and three retention times of 0.5, 1, and 2 days. A synthetic waste consisting of a milk solution with a mineral supplement was used for the feed. Tracer studies on clean-bed and dirty-bed SMARs indicate that reactor configuration, biogas mixing, and biomass accumulation all have a significant effect on SMAR hydraulics and cause short-circuiting. Based on the isothermal energy dissipation theory, the higher hydrostatic pressures resulting from higher SMAR heights increases self-induced biogas mixing and improves the contact efficiency between substrate and organisms. Based on TCOD removal rate, the tallest SMAR performed slightly better at COD loading rates above 4/g/l/d. At COD loading rates equal to or below 4 g/l/d, there was little difference in TCOD removal rate between the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

CT and MRI of acquired abnormalities of the inner ear and cerebello-pontine angle present themselves with very typical findings. The imaging should be adapted to the pathology looked for and either CT or MRI should be used alone or in combination.CT, especially high resolution CT (HRCT), provides an excellent bone contrast, while MRI has a much superior soft tissue contrast. Acute inflammatory changes of the inner ear are solely depicted by contrast-enhanced MRI. HRCT excellently depicts osseous changes of the inner ear and cerebellopontine angle such as chronic ossifying labyrinthitis occurring after acute labyrinthitis, otosclerotic or traumatic changes. Tumorous changes not yielding to bony changes are best delineated by MRI. Posttraumatic hemorrhage and chronic fibrotic changes within the labyrinth are depicted by MRI, only. In conclusion HRCT and MRI are excellent methods to delineate acquired abnormalities of the inner ear and cerebello-pontine angle. HRCT best depicts osseous ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

By retrofitting the existing steam turbine dual purpose power plant with a gas turbine plant and a secondary waste heat boiler the Technische Werke Ludwigshafen AG have considerably improved the energy generation in energetic, economic and ecological terms. The extension of the existing system to a combined cycle process has lead to this positive effect. The erection of a boiler plant during the first two construction phases has fully met the optimistic expectations. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit der Nachruestung eines vorhandenen Dampfturbinen-HKW um eine Gasturbinenanlage mit nachgeschaltetem Abhitzekessel haben die Technischen Werke Ludwigshafen AG ihre Energieerzeugung entscheidend in energetischer, oekonomischer und oekologischer Sicht optimiert. Insbesondere die Erweiterung des vorhandenen Systems zu einem GuD-Prozess fuehrt zu dieser positiven Bilanz. Die Errichtung der Kesselanlage in den ersten beiden Bauabschnitten hat die optimistischen Erwartungen voll ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Licensing procedures are of great importance in the entire decision-making and planning process for erection of cogeneration power plants. The paper presented is a condensed version of the ASUE guide published in May 1999 and gives compact and topical information about legal and procedural aspects for orientation of people not yet familiar with the licensing procedures. An initial outline lists and characterises the procedures involved, which then are explained in greater detail, accompanied by flowsheets and diagrams. (orig./CB) [German] Genehmigungsverfahren besitzen im Entscheidungs- und Planungsprozess eine grosse Bedeutung. Um Planern, Bauherren und Behoerden hierzu einen kompakten und aktuellen Ueberblick bieten zu koennen, wurde dieses Referat als Kurzfassung der im Mai 1999 veroeffentlichten ASUE-Broschuere zusammengestellt. Sie bietet vor allem denjenigen eine Hilfestellung, die noch keine Erfahrungen mit den Genehmigungsverfahren gesammelt haben. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biodiesel can be produced from numerous materials, including by-products of animal chain. In this scenario, the chicken's oil, that is located and an environment not explored for biodiesel production, can be a good alternative in South and Southeast Brazilian Region, where they are slaughtered around 9.100.000 chickens per day. In order to determine the specific consumption from a generator set with single cylinder 6.6 kW of power and generation capacity of 5 kW, using chicken oil biodiesel (B-100), were performed the bench test using a auxiliary tank, precision scale and an energy analyzer. Were conducted four treatments (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of generating capacity). The worst SC was the engine at 25% of generation capacity (1.5 kW) and better with 75% of maximum load (3.75 kW) with a mean of 479.34 g kWh{sup -1}. By Turkey's test ant 5% probability there was a significant difference only for the first treatment. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Melting in a cokeless cupola furnace fuelled with natural gas is a novel, energy-saving and environment-friendly process. In order to be able to monitor the processes inside the furnace with detailed mass and heat balances, an experimental furnace with an efficient measuring system was constructed in the framework of a research project financed by the BMFT and Messrs. Eisenwerke Dueker GmbH und Co. KG, Laufach, Germany. (orig./HS) [Deutsch] Das Schmelzen im kokslosen erdgasgefeuerten Kupolofen ist ein neues, energiesparendes und umweltfreundliches Verfahren. Um die Vorgaenge im Ofen mit umfassenden Stoff- und Waermebilanzen erfassen zu koennen, ist im Rahmen eines vom BMFT und der Firma Eisenwerke Dueker GmbH und Co. KG, Laufach, finanzierten Forschungsvorhabens, ein Versuchsofen mit umfangreicher Messeinrichtung gebaut worden. (orig./HS)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The current discussion on worldwide climate change suggests that the current situation is unusual or extreme, and that climate changes never - or hardly ever - occurred in the centuries before. The author discusses whether this is really the case, and whether air pollution abatement measures can really help. His answers are based on the findings of palaeoclimatology. [German] Verfolgt man die Diskussion um den derzeitigen Klimawandel, so gewinnt man den Eindruck, Aussergewoehnliches und Extremes wuerde geschehen, und man bekommt zudem ueber Beratungsgremien und Medien vermittelt, dass sich in den Jahrhunderten vor dem heutigen Klimawandel das Klima nicht oder nur wenig geaendert hat. Es wird auch der Eindruck erweckt, man koenne das Klima stabilisieren und durch Emissionsminderungsmassnahmen das Klima schuetzen. Ist Klimaschutz eine loesbare Herausforderung oder ueberschaetzen wir Menschen unsere Moeglichkeiten? Man kann versuchen, sich an die Beantwortung dieser ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Much of the current technology on 3D-prestack depth migration is based on the Kirchhoff method and the traveltime information needed for this purpose is obtained by the ray-theory approximation. The main motivation driving these options is to reduce computations but it can also have an adverse effect on the quality of results. Experience with real data indicates that the corresponding poststack data migrated by the reverse-time method often yields superior results. Considerable computational efficiency can be obtained by employing nonuniform coarse grid spacing during the reverse-time migration. We followed this strategy for developing a parallel scheme for doing 3D- prestack depth migration. However, we worked only on a small subset of shot gathers whose determined by the Quasi-Monte Carlo method. The results were indistinguishable from those obtained by using a much larger population of uniformly spaced shot gathers. We present examples of migration of 3-D data. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To study the biogeochemical behaviour, mobility and transport of trace metals in seawater (Se, Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, Zn), in suspended particulate matter (Mo, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, Zn, Al, Mn) and in sediments of the inner and outer coastal regions, samples were collected on 3 separate cruises during a one year period (Mai 1993 - April 1994) at 20 stations in the coastal area of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Standard hydrographic parameters, nutrients and dissolved oxygen were also measured. Priority was taken to establish the methods for the determination of molybdenum and selenium. To study the behaviour of these two elements in detail, longterm measurements were carried out weekly between January 1993 and June 1994 at the `Messsteg/Warnemuende`. Because of parallel measurements correlations to biological, chemical and hydrographic parameters have been tested. The total database is summarized in the Appendix. The results are presented in 30 figures and 13 tables and are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The study examines the isothermal fatigue properties of novel ODS iron-base or nickel-base superalloys at temperatures of 850 C and 1050 C. The materials are different in grain structure and texture, so that particularly the effects of grain structures and textures can be studied. In order to also perform examinations of creep-fatigue interactions, various load cycles are applied. It is shown that the LCF-affected life of the grain structures of both alloy types is determined by the elastic modulus. The cyclic lifetimes determined by the conventional Manson-Coffin method for both alloy types exhibit differences of up to two orders of magnitude. Using the product of the total strain range and the elastic modulus, however, will yield precise life predictions. Under conditions of LCF stress only, the grain structure has no effect on the materials` service life, other than in the case of creep-fatigue, but the grain structure has a decisive influence on the damage mechanisms and the course ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography) in the identification of colorectal cancer and to define the limitations and the advantages of this imaging modality, as well as indications to the examination. It was examined prospectively 62 symptomatic patients aged 36 to 82 years (28 women and 34 men). All patients underwent both conventional and virtual colonoscopy on the same day; the conventional examination allowed exploration of the entire colon. Conventional colonoscopy identified 89 lesions 3-50 mm in diameter, namely 84 benign and 5 malignant lesions. No lesions were identified in 12 patients. CT colonography identified 52 of the 89 lesions, with 57.1% diagnostic accuracy. They were 11 false positives (82.5% positive predictive value and 52.2% specificity) and 37 false negatives (24.5% negative predictive value and 58.4% sensitivity). Sensitivity was significantly higher (85.7%) for polyps {>=} 1 cm. Virtual colonoscopy is an ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iron concentration control in feedwater is one of the most important subjects in water chemistry. Especially for the BWR plants without 100% flow volume of hollow fiber filter (HFF), rather high iron concentration in feedwater is one of the big issues as this causes relatively high radiation dose rate in drywell area. Cation exchange resins especially used in the plants with partial flow rate of HFF are expected to have the important role of capturing iron in feedwater. For this purpose, we have investigated the effective method for using iron absorption characteristics of cation exchange resin. The Cation-Over Layer method (COL) in condensate demineralizers (CD) effectively utilizes these characteristics. In order to demonstrate a performance of the cation overlay method, we had applied this method for three CD vessels at Fukushima Daiichi NPP Unit 3 for testing purpose. The result of this actual plant test indicated that the iron concentration in the effluent of the vessel decreased ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The level of assimilation of dietary iron is believed to have an important influence on iron status. To examine the effect of enhancing the availability of dietary iron on iron balance, 17 adult volunteer subjects were given 2 g of ascorbic acid daily with meals for 16 weeks. Serum ferritin levels before and after the study averaged 46 and 43 micrograms/L, respectively, indicating a negligible effect on iron stores. When vitamin C supplementation was continued for an additional 20 months in five iron-replete and four iron-deficient subjects, serum ferritin determinations again failed to indicate any significant effect of the vitamin C on iron reserves. These findings were not explained by intestinal adaptation to the enhancing effect of the vitamin, because radioisotopic measurements of nonheme iron absorption showed no reduction in the enhancing effect of 1 g of ascorbic acid after four months of megadoses of vitamin C. It is concluded that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sediment trap fluxes of solids, organic carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in Lake Superior in 1984 and 1985. Mass fluxes from surface waters ranged from 0.14 to 1.1 g/m{sup 2}{center dot}day and increased near the lake floor due to resuspension of surficial sediment and horizontal transport in the benthic nepheloid layer. Organic matter fluxes from surface water ranged from 60 to 90 mg of C/m{sup 2}{center dot}day, with {approximately}5% of organic carbon settling from surface waters accumulating in bottom sediments. Concentrations of PCBs and PAHs are enriched 10-100 times on settling particles relative to those on suspended particles. Resultant settling fluxes are 10-100 times greater for several PCB and PAH compounds than net accumulation rates in bottom sediments, indicating the effective and rapid recycling in the benthic region. Biological packaging of organic pollutants ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laser spectroscopy measurements have been performed on neutron deficient iridium isotopes. The hyperfine structure and isotope shift of the optical Ir I transition 5d"76s"2"4F_9_/_2 "#-># 5d"76s6p "6F_1_1_/_2 at 351.5 nm have been studied for the "1"8"2"-"1"8"9Ir, "1"8"6Ir"1m and "1"9"1","1"9"3Ir isotopes. The nuclear magnetic and quadrupole moments were obtained from the HFS measurements and the changes of the mean square charge radii from the IS measurements. A large mean square charge radius change between "1"8"7Ir and "1"8"6Ir and between "1"8"6Ir"1m and "1"8"6Ir"1g has been observed.

CERN Document Server

We construct two families of refinements of the (projectivized) support variety of a finite dimensional module $M$ for a finite group scheme $G$. For an arbitrary finite group scheme, we associate a family of {\\it non maximal rank varieties} $\\Gamma^j(G)_M$, $1\\leq j \\leq p-1$, to a $kG$-module $M$. For $G$ infinitesimal, we construct a finer family of locally closed subvarieties $V^{\\ul a}(G)_M$ of the variety of one parameter subgroups of $G$ for any partition $\\ul a$ of $\\dim M$. For an arbitrary finite group scheme $G$, a $kG$-module $M$ of constant rank, and a cohomology class $\\zeta$ in $\\HHH^1(G,M)$ we introduce the {\\it zero locus} $Z(\\zeta) \\subset \\Pi(G)$. We show that $Z(\\zeta)$ is a closed subvariety, and relate it to the non-maximal rank varieties. We also extend the construction of $Z(\\zeta)$ to an arbitrary extension class $\\zeta \\in \\Ext^n_G(M,N)$ whenever $M$ and $N$ are $kG$-modules of constant Jordan type.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recently, many experiments designed to quantify the parameters involved in microgravity two-phase flow have been performed. These experiments give significant insight to the differences between the flow regimes in 1-g and microgravity. However, the new correlations for pressure drop, heat transfer, and the flow regime maps are yet to be implemented into analytical methods. The purpose of this study is to model a KC-135 microgravity experiment, using the thermal-hydraulic does RELAP5/MOD2 and ATHENA. A comparison of these experimental results to code calculations from RELAP5/MOD2 and ATHENA is shown. Results show little difference between the ATHENA and the RELAP5 calculations. Also, modifications are made to the two-phase flow regime map in RELAP5 to model microgravity predictions. There is a substantial difference between the code's calculation before and after the changes were implemented. The heat transfer correlations of the code ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pretreatment of biosorbents have been suggested to modify the surface characteristics which could improve biosorption process. Stable cesium biosorption was studied in continuous fixed-bed column by chemically modified biosorbents. Two kinds of brown algae (Sargassum glaucescens and Cystoseira indica) were treated with chemical agents including formaldehyde (FA), glutaraldehyde (GA), potassium hexacyanoferrate (HCF), FA and HCF, and GA and HCF. The highest biosorption capacity (BC) was obtained from C. indica treated with FA (63.5 mg Cs/g biomass) and S. glaucescens treated with FA and HCF (62 mg Cs/g biomass). To study the effect of the best treatments on the BC, the concentration of each treatment agent was decreased. With decreasing FA agent for C. indica treatment, the BC dropped. Treatment of 1 g S. glaucescens biomass with 2.2 g FA and then 0.18 g HCF resulted in the highest BC (73.08 mg Cs/g dry biomass) which was 35.8 times higher than ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic imaging tool relies on the generation of magnetic fields, whereas the computerized tomography (CT) uses X-radiation. The fundamental principle of MRI is the magnetic resonance of paramagnetic atomic nuclei. These nuclei, as e.g. protons (= hydrogen nuclei), are aligned in required orientation by application of a strong magnetic field. Upon simultaneous application of an electromagnetic high-frequency field perpendicular to the axis of the basic magnetic field, and in response to periodical changing of the electromagnetic field at a given frequency, the originally aligned paramagnetic nuclei are forced into a movement similar to that of a ``whipping top``. When the resonance frequency is shut off, the nuclei return to their former, aligned positions, inducing a weak signal in a coil. The series of signals generated by multiple repetition of this process of excitation of nuclei and their return to aligned rest is used as input to a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The further optimisation and improvement of the efficiency of internal combustion engines require the realisation of new technologies leading to a distinctively faster warm-up behaviour of the coolant and lubricants as well as of the engine components after a cold start. In order to achieve reduced fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions with the help of heat management, the design criteria of innovative cooling systems need to be reflected and adapted to future requirements. The use of intelligent components within the cooling system, such as the 'Stand Alone Rotary Valve' as a thermostat's substitute or the use of coolant pumps with a rotary valve integrated into the pump's inlet chamber, offer new ways to realise in a decisively quicker and more flexible way the appropriate heating up and cooling down procedures at varying driving conditions. A description of both of the intelligent components for the cooling system is given in this paper. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Damage survey of protective coats of modern gas turbine blade shows that most damages are not due to classic wear mechanisms such as oxydation or high-temperature corrosion but caused by foreign bodies, poor coating during manufacturing, or operation-caused cracks. Mere visual inspection of cracks is often not sufficient to tell whether cracks are superficial or whether they have already progressed into the base material. Non-destructive methods such as ultrasonic inspection or eddy-current testing are helpful tools but there is not yet a fully matured testing concept at hand. Metallographical tests can give important information about crack mechanisms and thermal, chemical and mechanical stresses.(orig.) [German] Die Schadenerfahrung mit Schutzschichten moderner Gasturbinenschaufeln zeigt, dass die meisten Schaeden nicht auf die klassischen Verbrauchsmechanismen wie Oxydation und Hochtemperaturkorrosion zurueckzufuehren sind, sondern durch Fremdkoerper, herstellungsbedingte ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The nozzle-group regulation of steam turbines plays furtheron an important role in the operation of power stations owing to modern, adaptable control-technical valve timing possibilities. New procedures for a choice-connection of different nozzle areas via the control valves as well as the use of valve laps require, however, a differentiated consideration of the loss mechanism in the inlet area of the turbine, in order to be able to assess and minimize its specific heat consumption also at the operational points outside the layout- and calculation-technically fixed guarantee or valve points, respectively. The basic technical-physical stages to this are explained. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Duesengruppenregelung von Dampfturbinen nimmt nicht zuletzt dank moderner, anpassungsfaehiger leittechnischer Ventilansteuerungsmoeglichkeiten weiterhin eine bedeutende Stellung beim Betrieb von Kraftwerken ein. Neue Verfahren zur wahlweisen Zuschaltung unterschiedlicher Duesenflaechen ueber die ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blades of modern steam turbines are designed for high efficiency and operational safety. Modern computer programs enable optimisation of design but factors like manufacturing, assembly, operation and downtimes still play an important role. Damage statistics show that blade damage still quite frequent. Selected cases from the Allianz damage assessment centre show some of the more frequent damage mechanisms. Damage is often caused when several factors come together. Prevention of follow-up damage requires early identification of beginning damage.(orig.) [German] Die Auslegung der Beschaufelung moderner Dampfturbinen hat die Vorgabe, einen hohen Wirkungsgrad bei gleichzeitig hoher Betriebssicherheit zu erreichen. Mit den heute zur Verfuegung stehenden Rechenprogrammen ist eine entsprechende Optimierung realisierbar. Fuer die langzeitige Betriebsbewaehrung haben aber Einflussgroessen aus Fertigung, Montage, Betrieb und Stillstand auch heute noch die gleiche Bedeutung wie in der ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heat pumps for residential space heating become an increasingly important alternative to the conventional heating system like gas or oil burner. They offer the opportunity to reduce CO{sub 2} emission associated with heating residential homes in Germany. High compressors efficiency and a wide operating map are required so that an economically viable heat pumps is achieved which meets the operational conditions for present and future heating systems. The design parameter of existing heating systems require relatively high condensing temperatures which can be achieved with dedicated compressor designs. The design of Scroll compressors specially adapted to these heat pumps is shown and their operation is explained. (orig.) [German] Waermepumpen fuer die Wohnraumheizung gewinnen an Bedeutung als Alternative zur konventionellen Gas- oder Oelheizung. Sie bieten die Moeglichkeit, die mit der Gebaeudeheizung verbundene Emission von Kohlendioxid in Deutschland zu reduzieren. Ein hoher ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The position paper will provide the basis for further strategies on offshore wind power development in consideration of ecological and conservation aspects. [German] Das Positionspapier des Bundesministeriums fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) einschliesslich des Umweltbundesamtes (UBA) und des Bundesamtes fuer Naturschutz (BfN) ist Ergebnis der Arbeiten der BMU-Projektgruppe 'Windenergienutzung im Offshore-Bereich im Hinblick auf die BMU-Anliegen'. Es beschreibt den derzeitigen Stand einer Strategie zur umwelt- und naturvertraeglichen Erschliessung der Windenergienutzung auf See (Offshore). Es bildet die Grundlage fuer die Weiterentwicklung dieser Strategie und dabei insbesondere zur Abstimmung mit den Anliegen anderer Bundesressorts und den Kuestenlaendern, sowie zur intensiveren Einbeziehung beteiligter Verbaende und Fachkreise. Vor dem Hintergrund der zur Genehmigung eingereichten Antraege fuer Offshore-Windparks, mangelnder Erfahrung der ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

About 25 years after the last edification of a new large high voltage institute at Technical University of Karlsruhe and about 10 years afte the edification of the test lab at Kaiserslautern University, the Brandenburg Technical University of Cottbus had the opportunity to design new high voltage test facilities from the very beginning on and to realize it in a very short time. To review the project from the first ideas followed by the planning and realization phase and the final commissioning of the technical equipment, this book should be a contribution to spred the experiences made among interested people and to demonstrate the actual technical possibilities. To ensure an international exchange of these experiences, all co-authors to the trouble to translate their participation's also to the English language. (orig.) [German] Etwa 25 Jahre nach dem letzten grossen hochspannungstechnischen Institutsneubau in der deutschen Hochschullandschaft an der TH Karlsruhe, bzw. 10 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

CNG vehicles suffer from an uncontrolled temperature rise of the gas inside the tank during the filling process and heat exchange with the environment leads to variable filling levels. A partly filled tank reduces the range of CNG vehicles and works as a impediment to the spreading of environmentaly more friendly CNG vehicles. The increase of the pressure inside the tank combined with a prolongation of the filling time beyond three minutes can reduce the deficit of the filling process. For economic reasons the time required for refuelling should be as short as possible without the need to operate the filling station with a critical pressure. To meet this target the current technique requires further improvement. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die betriebliche Praxis bei Tankvorgaengen von Erdgasfahrzeugen zeigt, dass waehrend des Tankvorganges die Temperatur des getankten Erdgases im Fahrzeugtank ansteigt. Waehrend und nach Beendigung des Tankvorganges findet ein Temperaturausgleich mit der ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molybdenum is an essential element for living organisms. Moreover its radionuclides may represent an incorporation risk for members of the public and/or radiation workers after a nuclear accident or a release of radioactive materials. However, only few reliable data on Mo biokinetics in humans were available. The results of recent tracer kinetic investigations with stable isotopes have shown several differences from the ICRP data with regard to the processes of intestinal absorption and of excretion. As a consequence, the dose coefficients calculated with a revised biokinetic model deviate from the ICRP estimates. By ingestion of {sup 99}Mo radionuclides with solid food, for example, the dose to the colon may be higher of a factor up to 1 order of magnitude, due to the fraction of non-absorbed material which traverses the gastro-intestinal tract. (orig.) [Deutsch] Molybdaen ist einerseits ein fuer Lebewesen essentielles Spurenelement, andererseits koennen radioaktive Mo-Isotope im ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order for fuel cells to be successful, a full-scale hydrogen infastructure is required. The HyTra concept is presented here (HYdrogen TRAnsform, Transfer and TRAnsport) involves combined production, storage and supply of hydrogen in a transportable trailer, i.e. it is both a hydrogen production unit and a mobile filling station. The trailer can be transported to the selected site, where it will produce gaseous hydrogen from electricity and water by electrolysis. A compressor pumps the gas into an internal pressure tank and compresses it to filling pressure. Filling takes place by the overflow principle via a flexible high-pressure line with a standardised H{sub 2} filling unit. (orig.) [German] Um die Marktdurchdringung der Brennstoffzellentechnik gewaehrleisten zu koennen, muss eine flaechendeckende Wasserstoffinfrastruktur aufgebaut werden. Das neue HyTra-Konzept (HYdrogen TRAnsform, TRAnsfer and TRAnsport) beruht auf der Kombination von Wasserstoff-Erzeugung, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The externally fired combined cycle (EFCC) process utilises a high temperature heat exchanger to transfer the heat of a dirty flue gas to a clean working medium. In comparison to other combined cycle concepts, like integrated gasification combined cycle or pressurized pulverized coal combustion, the problems of hot gas cleaning are avoided. The first part of the publication (BWK 5/02) deals with the possible concepts and the efficiency potential of the externally fired combined cycle. The applicability of metallic and ceramic heat exchanger materials are discussed. The second part summarizes the state of the art and presents the basic design of a ceramic heat exchanger. [German] Der extern gefeuerte Gasturbinenprozess arbeitet mit einem Waermeuebertrager, um ein Arbeitsmedium auf Gasturbineneintrittstemperatur zu erhitzen. Im Vergleich zu Kombiprozessen mit integrierter Kohlevergasung oder Druckkohlenstaubfeuerung entfaellt damit die Heissgasreinigung. Der erste ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Several technological alternatives have been studied taking into consideration that one of the biggest problems of the electric power companies is to provide electric power during the peak consumption periods, which largest contribution to the increase of the demand comes from the residential sector, especially by the use of electric showers. One of the most promising alternatives is the pre-water heating system for reduced power showers, developed by Universidade de Campinas and Companhia Paulista de Forca e Luz. The goal of this system is basically to reduce demand during the peak periods, in order to avoid heavy investments by the electric power companies in generation, transmission and distribution of electric power directed to low acquisitive power customers, a sector in which the electric power price is not enough to recover such investments. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the total energy required in the construction of one of these systems and compare it to the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The distribution of graphite particles in graphite containing copper alloy was further improved very significantly using several procedures and technological modifications. The developed techniques attacked the graphite distribution problem in two ways. Realizing that clustering of very fine (5um) graphite particles is one of the two major problems, a pretreatment process has been developed using aluminum powders to deagglomerate graphite particles. Along with this, a two-stage stirring technique was used to first incorporate and then to distribute uniformly the deagglomerated particles in the melt. During this year, based on these developments, several components were cast to evaluate the castability of Cu alloy-graphite melts. In addition, machinability tests were done to clearly established that addition of graphite particles improve the machinability of copper MMC alloys over and above that of monolithic copper alloys. The results show that the machining chip ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The results of the creep performance studies at temperatures from 700-1000 C with welds of alloy 800 HT, the manual shielded metal arc welds made with Githerm 85 and Grini 209 filler metals, as well as the MIG pulsed arc welds made with the Nicrofer S 206 and Nicrofer S 5520 filler metals, proved to be in very good agreement with the calculated characteristic values published on VdTUeV sheet 434 in comparative assessments based on creep values valid for a service period of 10 000 hours. The MIG pulsed arc weld made with the Nicrofer S 5520 filler metal achieved by far the best results and strength values comparable to those of the base material, whereas the values of the other welds were corresponding to calculated strength values of the base material reduced by 20%. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Die im Temperaturbereich von 700-1000 C an Alloy 800 HT und den Elektrodenhandschweissverbindungen mit den Schweisszusaetzen Gritherm 85 und Grini 209, sowie den MIG-Pulsed-Arc-Schweissungen mit den ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pulmonary infections and tumors are a major cause of death in patients with AIDS. The combination of clinical, radiological, laboratory, and pathohistological data helps to narrow the spectrum of differential diagnoses or even allows a specific diagnosis in many patients. Nevertheless, an accurate diagnosis should be obtained as soon as possible during the clinical course of the illness to initiate treatment in time. Computed tomography (CT) has proven to provide promising results in the diagnosis of AIDS-related throacic diseases. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the diagnostic capacities of CT in the context of particular AIDS-related thoracic pathologies. Additional information on the spectrum of pathological agents and on differential diagnostic signs is summarized. (orig.) [Deutsch] Pulmonale Infektionen und Tumore sind eine wesentliche Todesursache bei Patienten, die am erworbenen Immunmangelsyndrom AIDS leiden. In den meisten Faellen gelingt es, durch Zusammenschau ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of the heavy particle irradiation on cell survival is different from that of X-ray irradiation. In Japan, heavy particles will be applied to cancer patients in the near future. This study was performed to determine the effect that carbon particle irradiation exerts to human monolayer cells in vitro, in comparison with the effect of 200 kVp X-ray. Two human cell lines, HeLaS3 and RMUG, were used. The irradiation was carried out by the RIKEN ring cyclotron and 200 kVp X-ray. The experimental procedure is explained. Also split dose experiment was carried out by applying equally divided doses at intervals of 2 - 4 hours. The Bragg curve of 135 MeV/n carbon beam through the lucite plates with different thickness is given. Thus the different LETs were obtained. The survival curves for 200 kVp X-ray and the various LETs of carbon beam are shown. The curves became steeper, and Do values decreased with increasing LETs in both cell lines. The relative biological effect (RBE) at 10% ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A simple and rapid method is described for the determination of major and trace elements in rock and sediment samples by wavelength dispersive XRF. Sample measured were made from cellulose powder pressed into 4 cm diameter aluminium ring 0.4 t cm/sup -2/, and then 1 g of powdered sample (0.08 g cm/sup -2/) was placed on the disk and repressed at 1.6 t cm/sup -2/. X-ray measurements were performed for total XRF intensity (I/sub p/) at the characteristic line of each element and background intensity (I/sub b/) in vicinity of the line. The correction of matrix effect was achieved by X-ray intensity ratio of peak to background for each element. Eight standard rock samples from Geological Survey of Japan were used as standard materials, and linear calibration curves were obtained by the plot of I/sub p/ - I/sub b/ vs. concentration for Ca, Na and Pb and by the plot of I/sub p//I/sub b/ ratio vs. concentration for Si, Fe, Ti, K, P, Cl, Cr, Mn, Ni, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nuclear Act of Korea requires the manifest of low and intermediate level radioactive waste generated from nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities prior to deliver to a disposal sites. Individual history records of the radioactive waste should be described the information about the activity of nuclides in the drum, total activity, weight, the type of waste. So a fully automated nuclide analysis assay system(non-destructive) of a radwaste drum was developed. For the nuclides that could not be analysed directly by MCA, the activities of the representative {gamma}-emitters(Cs-137, Co-60) contained in the drum were measured by using that system. Then the scaling factors were used to calculate the activities of {alpha} - and {beta}-emitters. This assay system divided a drum into 8 segments, a segment into 8 sectors to minimize analysis error, and used several methods(transmission ratio, differential peak absorption, mean density correction), with a individual or combination, for a ...

Science.gov (United States)

High performance sorbents for flue gas desulfurization can be synthesized by hydration of coal fly ash, calcium sulfate, and calcium oxide. In general, higher desulfurization activity correlates with higher sorbent surface area. Consequently, a major aim in sorbent synthesis is to maximize the sorbent surface area by optimizing the hydration conditions. This work presents an integrated modeling and optimization approach to sorbent synthesis based on statistical experimental design and two artificial intelligence techniques: neural network and genetic algorithm. In the first step of the approach, the main and interactive effects of three hydration variables on sorbent surface area were evaluated using a full factorial design. The hydration variables of interest to this study were hydration time, amount of coal fly ash, and amount of calcium sulfate and the levels investigated were 4-32 h, 5-15 g, and 0-12 g, respectively. In the second step, a neural network was used to model the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The optical absorption of the Tm"3"+ ion in the gadolinium oxychloride (GdOCl) matrix in the UV, visible, and NIR range was studied at temperatures between 9 and 300 K. The visible luminescence of GdOCl:Tm"3"+ under Ar"+ ion laser and mercury lamp excitation was recorded at 9, 77, and 300 K, too. The crystal field (CF) splitting of the "3H_4_-_6, "3F_2_-_4, "1G_4, "1D_2, and "1I_6 levels of the Tm"3"+ ion deduced from the spectra was analysed according to the C_4_v point symmetry of the RE"3"+ site. The resulting energy level scheme, consisting of 39 levels (i.e. 55 Stark components) out of the total of 70 (91) for the whole 4f"1"2 configuration, was simulated with the aid of a phenomenological theory taking simultaneously into account both the free-ion and CF effects. The model included 13 adjustable parameters describing the electrostatic (the Racah parameters E_0_-_3) and the configuration interaction (the Trees parameters #alpha#, #beta#, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The feasibility was evaluated using MCNP-DSP, an analog Monte Carlo transport cod to simulate source-driven measurements. Models of an isolated Westinghouse 17x17 PWR fuel assembly in a 1500-ppM borated water storage pool were used. In the models, the fuel burnup profile was represented using seven axial burnup zones, each with isotopics estimated by the PDQ code. Four different fuel assemblies with average burnups from fresh to 32 GWd/MTU were modeled and analyzed. Analysis of the fuel assemblies was simulated by inducing fission in the fuel using a {sup 252}Cf source adjacent to the assembly and correlating source fissions with the response of a bank of {sup 3}He detectors adjacent to the assembly opposite the source. This analysis was performed at 7 different axial positions on each of the 4 assemblies, and the source-detector cross-spectrum signature was calculated for each of these 28 simulated measurements. The magnitude of the cross-spectrum signature follows a smooth upward ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) evaluated the previous monosodium titanate (MST) purchase specifications for particle size and strontium decontamination factor. Based on the measured particle size and filtration performance characteristics of several MST samples with simulated waste solutions and various filter membranes we recommend changing the particle size specification as follows. The recommended specification varies with the size and manufacturer of the filter membrane as shown below. We recommend that future batches of MST received at SRS be tested for particle size and filtration performance. This will increase the available database and provide increased confidence that particle size parameters are an accurate prediction of filtration performance. Testing demonstrated the feasibility of a non-radiochemical method for evaluating strontium removal performance of MST samples. Using this analytical methodology we recommend that the purchase specification include the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oxyfluoride aluminosilicate glasses in the composition of 50SiO2-20Al2O3-20LiF-10GdF3-0.5TmF3-xYbF3 (x = 0, 1.0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mol%) have been prepared to study their thermal and optical properties. From the differential thermal analysis measurements, glass transition temperatures and onset crystallization temperatures have been evaluated and from them glass stability factors were calculated. Glass stabilities decreased gradually with fluoride content increment in all the studied glasses. The photoluminescence and decay measurements have also been carried out for all these glasses. In these glasses, an efficient near infrared quantum cutting with optimal quantum efficiency approaching 187% has been demonstrated, by exploring the co-operative downconversion mechanism from Tm3+ to Yb3+, with 467 nm (Tm3+ : 3H6 ? 1G4) excitation wavelength. These glasses are promising materials to achieve high efficiency silicon based solar ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plasma-deposited thin films prepared at room temperature, ranging from 46 to 250 A of PdAu on #approx#45-50 A Si-oxide and Si-oxynitride films grown on Si wafers were studied. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, and XPS depth profile techniques were used to characterize the thin films. A reactive interface involving Pd- and Au-silicides is formed, linking the thin film to the Si-oxide and Si-oxynitride films: a small fraction of Pd and Au atoms from PdAu migrate into the Si substrate, first penetrating the oxide layer, and the small fraction of Si atoms from the oxide layer migrate into the PdAu film and form a silicide interlayer consisting of a reactive interface made up of mixtures of Au- and Pd-silicides interspersed within the matrix of PdAu and substrate. The concentration profiles of these silicides have a maximum at the interface with decay on both sides. The density and the face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice parameter of the film are determined to be ...

Science.gov (United States)

Optogenetics, the ability to use light to activate and silence specific neuron types within neural networks in vivo and in vitro, is revolutionizing neuroscientists' capacity to understand how defined neural circuit elements contribute to normal and pathological brain functions. Typically, awake behaving experiments are conducted by inserting an optical fiber into the brain, tethered to a remote laser, or by utilizing an implanted light-emitting diode (LED), tethered to a remote power source. A fully wireless system would enable chronic or longitudinal experiments where long duration tethering is impractical, and would also support high-throughput experimentation. However, the high power requirements of light sources (LEDs, lasers), especially in the context of the extended illumination periods often desired in experiments, precludes battery-powered approaches from being widely applicable. We have developed a headborne device weighing 2 g capable of wirelessly receiving power using a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The transport-relevant basic data recorded within the framework of a federation-wide transport data survey made in 1986 are the best-founded source at present for determining the transport volume of other radioactive materials in different economic areas of the Federal Republic of Germany. Due to the high recording rates, a sufficiently complete survey can be provided in particular with regard to the transport volume (e.g.transports/consignments/cargos, transport distance) - with the exception of transport by ship - for the ranges of application in reserach, medicine and technology. However, as regards the radiologically relevant basic data and transport modalities, the information supplied by the transporting agencies is incomplete. A table gives a comprehensive survey of type and scope of the transport volume of other radioactive materials in the Federal Republic of Germany (excluding the GDR) for transport by road, rail and air. The table also includes data on the dose rate of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ECOTEC is a mass-efficient gasoline DOHC 4-valve per cylinder engine with balance shafts, chain driven camshafts and roller finger followers with hydraulic lash adjusters for valve actuation. It has lightweight aluminium components such as camcover, cylinder head, cylinder block, lower crankcase and structural oil pan. Other features include composite intake manifold and a coil-on-plug ignition cassette. The ECOTEC combustion system and engine architecture are optimized for low engine out and tail pipe emissions. It also includes several designed-in 'green' features for environmental benefits. The product design, development and validation process drew upon the best knowledge and practices available worldwide both inside and outside General Motor. The manufacturing systems were also designed by leveraging the best available knowledge around the world resulting in implementation of world class processes and error proofing to achieve the competitive edge in product ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Several components of high-temperature reactor units have roller bearings in order to carry out their motions without much friction. The use of such bearings poses friction and wear problems which cannot be mastered by commercial roller bearing technology. Possible improvements of coating, cage design and bearing materials as well as of their parameters were registered and studied. The service life of dry lubricated bearings was considerably improved. With a radial or axial load on the bearing of {>=} 10% of the static load, {approx_equal} 20x10{sup 6} rolling motions/actuations can be performed. The connections between surface compression and wear were determined, and optimum conditions for the transfer of lubricants from the cage onto the bearing race were worked out. Coating of corrosion-resistant roller bearing steels with the HRB-M{sub 0}S{sub 2} running-in coating could be proved. New cage designs and materials were tested with positive results. Alternative coatings (thin ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sprayforming offers the possibility to produce a variety of preforms in a single step directly from the melt. Numerous processing parameters ensure high flexibility but require detailed knowledge concerning the microstructure of sprayformed material depending on chemical composition and processing parameters. Within the current study fundamental investigations using unalloyed and low alloy steel grades (C15, C105, 100Cr6) for sprayforming of plates and billets have been performed concerning the influence of chromium and carbon content and selected processing parameters. Sprayformed preforms revealed austenite grain sizes up to 500 {mu}m depending on the development of porosity. Different types of porosity have been detected which can be associated with incomplete densification due to high cooling rates, solidification shrinkage and entrapped nitrogen. Atomisation gas pressure and carbon content are parameters of primary importance. (Abstract Copyright [2003], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the year 1996 the spheres of competence of several DLR-Institutes working in the areas of fluid dynamics, reaction kinetics, combustion, numerical methods and laser measuring techniques have been brought together while contributing to the internal DLR project 'combustion chamber modelling (BKM)', in order to proceed with the computational simulation of combustion processes in combustion chambers of gas turbines. The main issue was the development of a research code for numerical simulation of fluid flow in real combustion chambers. Here the development of computational models of physical and chemical processes was emphasized, among other processes the formation of soot was treated. Moreover, a worldwide outstanding database of measured data for the purpose of code validation has been created within the framework of the BKM project using the laboratory facilities of the DLR, which are in Germany unique for the experimental investigation of the various processes in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Previous AIX development environment experience with ASC White and Early Delivery systems UV and UM was leveraged to provide a smooth and robust transition to the Purple development environment. Still, there were three major changes that initially caused serious problems for Purple users. The first was making 64-bit builds of executables the default instead of 32-bit. The second was requiring all executables to use large page memory. The third was the phase-out of the popular, but now defunct, third-party C++ compiler KCC, which required the migration of many codes to IBM's xlC C++ compiler. On Purple, the default build environment changed from 32-bit builds to 64-bit builds in order to enable executables to use the 4GB per processor (32GB per node) memory available, and in order for the MPI library to do collective optimizations that required the larger 64-bit address space. The 64-bit build environment was made default by setting the IBM environment ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The nuclear structure of A {proportional_to} 100 nuclei has been studied in the frame of this thesis with a recently developed {beta} - {gamma} - {gamma} triple coincidence fast timing technique and different models such as shell model, hydrodynamic model, Nilsson and particle-rotor models. This technique which allows the measurement of the level lifetimes in the ps range has been applied at JOSEF at the research reactor DIDO of KFA Juelich in studes of the short-lived neutron-rich nuclei in the A {approx_equal} 100 region. Lifetimes of level in {sup 96},{sup 98},{sup 100} ZR, {sup 99},{sup 101}-{sup 104} Nb, {sup 100}-{sup 105} Mo have been measured, which are in many cases completely new, and otherwise more precise than previously published data. From the lifetimes of the members of rotational bands, the size of the nuclear deformations has been deduced. (orig./HSI). [Deutsch] Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit wurde die Kernstruktur der A {proportional_to} 100 Kerne untersucht. Dazu ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

60 patients between 17 and 72 years of age were investigated. First, an enteroclysis was performed in typical manner. The applicated methylcellulosis was blended with positive oral MR contrast media (Magnevist oral, Schering). After enteroclysis, MRI of the abdomen was performed using T1- and T2-weighted breathhold sequences (Flash 2D pre- and postcontrast and TSE) in axial and coronal planes. The length of the affected bowel and the stenosis seen with enteroclysis correlated well with the visible thickening of the small bowel wall and the stenosis seen in MRI. Using MRI, additional findings could be obtained in 28 patients, such as fistulas, abscesses or a hydronephrosis, or a better assessment of the stenosis was possible with MRI, because of the avoidance of overshadowing of the affected bowel loop with MRI. A brilliant MR-tomographic imaging of the small bowel is possible under the condition, that the small bowel contrast is optimal. The main prerequisite is a large filling volume ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parallel imaging and echo sharing techniques have markedly reduced the acquisition times for MRI of large volumes. Dynamic 2 and 3-dimensional data sets of the chest with high temporal resolution (up to 10 images/s with single slice and 2 volume/s) allow an analysis of respiratory motion of the lungs and tumors. Time-resolved 2D series in preselected planes can be used to observe respiratory motion during free breathing or after respiratory commands, e.g. to exclude chest wall invasion by a tumor or for diagnosing impairment of respiratory mechanics. Time-resolved 3D-series (4D-MRI) allow monitoring of the spatial displacement of the lungs and tumors as a whole volume. Present limitations such as an overestimation of tumor size and an underestimation of displacement due to a limited temporal resolution are expected to be overcome with further technical developments. However, 4D-MRI already appears to be the appropriate tool to select patients for motion-adapted radiotherapy. In ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To determined precisely a possible connection between the amount of copper in tap-water and the risk of early childhood liver disease, it was attempted through an epidemiological survey, to determine the extent of excessive concentrations of copper in the tap-water of households with copper pipes. Water samples from 956 households were tested for copper, and the state of health of the infants in these households was documented. Infants who had been fed using water with a copper concentration of 0.8 mg/l or more received a paediatric examination with a blood serum analysis to rule out any liver damage. A copper level greater than 0.8 mg/l was found in only 2% of the households examined. Eight infants were examined by a paediatrician and their serum was analysed. These infants had either been breast-fed to the 12th week or had received more than 200 ml of tap water per day during first 12 months. None of the infants examined showed any signs of liver malfunction. From the results of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: Budd-Chiari syndrome is a fairly uncommon disease in Europe. This often leads to its late diagnosis. The syndrome is characterised by portal hypertension and splanchnic congestion due to obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. This paper describes the treatment of three patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome by interventional therapeutic techniques and discusses alternative treatment modalities. Patients and Methods: The first patient presented with veno-occlusive disease and was treated by the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stentshunt. The second patient showed an occlusion of the major hepatic veins. After percutaneous recanalisation, a stent was placed in the right hepatic vein which remained patent. The third patient had a membranous obstruction of the right hepatic vein which was treated by percutaneous balloon dilatation. Results: In all patients the clinical symptoms resolved completely after treatment and no complications were encountered. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maintenance of power stations so far operated on the concept of using or extending the expected service life of a machine or plant as far as possible in order to avoid early and costly replacement. This was done by means of time-oriented maintenance, inspection and repair, otherwise called preventive maintenance. A European study on maintenance methods totals the cost of these measures at between 140 to 200 billion DM. One way of reducing these costs is 'predictive maintenance'. Estimated savings are about 8 percent or between 12 and 16 billion DM per year. Predictive maintenance identifies irregulaties of machine parts at an early point in time by means of condition monitoring and can help to cut costs: unplanned repairs can be avoided; repairs can be fitted into production schedules; production will not be disturbed to to unforeseen repairs, optimised spare part warehousing helps to cut costs. Predictive maintenance aims at keeping availability high, give maximum ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper presents fundamental studies on natural biosorption to algae of heavy metals. The investigations were carried out by TU Berlin University in a special research project (Sfb 193, 'Biologische Behandlung industrieller und gewerblicher Abwaesser'). The chlorophyceae C. vulgaris was used as reference alga, and 38 further algae were analzyed with regard to their sorption characteristics for lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc. The most effective algae were the chlorophyceae C. salina, the cyanophyceae S. hofmani and L. taylorii. The biosorption characteristics of C. salina and L. taylorii were investigated in detail. L. taylorii was found to be exploitable successfully in a technical process, so the investigations were extended to include copper. Knowledge about the chemical processes of biosorption is important for any attempt to modify the biosorption characteristics. Experiments on the incorporation of additional functional groups in the cell wall polysaccharides ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Storing electrical energy in batteries is not a viable option for sustaining a country's energy economy. The mass and volume, as well as the costs, of electrochemical components required for this would be beyond all reason. Nevertheless, in certain applications the storage of electrical energy does have significant advantages over other technologies. For example, electrically powered road vehicles emit no exhaust fumes and very little noise at their place of operation. In this way they contribute substantially to air and noise pollution control in urban areas. Photovoltaic applications permit environmentally friendly electricity applications in places remote from the public grid where conventional solutions are prohibitively expensive. More than in the past, battery systems today have to meet a wide range of technical, economic and ecological requirements in order to be marketable. This is why the ''Zoxy'' zinc-air battery system was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Relationship between hemodynamic response to exercise and distribution of pulmonary perfusion was studied in 71 patients with mitral stenosis. Distribution was estimated by using computerized Tc-99m-MAA perfusion images (digital perfusion images; DPI). DPI were composed of isocount areas. Various types of DPI were obtained and were classified to 6 grades (G) according to patterns of 100 - 70% isocount area in right anterior DPI, i.e. G-0 (normal), G-1 (increase of perfusion at upper zone), G-2 (uniform distribution), G-3 (disappearance of basal hyperperfusion area), G-4 (apical hyperperfusion area) and G-5 (decrease of perfusion at lower zone). Patients were devided to 4 groups according to grade. At rest there were no marked hemodynamic differences between groups (n = 71, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPA); 24.8 +- 11.0 mmHg, cardiac index (CI); 2.7 +- 0.81 lmM/sup 2/), however hemodynamic parameter during exercise showed marked differences, i.e. G-0 (n = 13, mPA; 40.5 +- 6.0, CI; ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An historic Strontianite-type specimen from Strontian, Scotland, UK, was characterized to broaden our knowledge on luminescence properties of common carbonates. These fibrous aggregates are Strontianite (Sr{sub x}Ca{sub 1-x}CO{sub 3}) with circa 6% of CaO, interfacial water, hydrosilicate anions and substitutional divalent cations, e.g., Ca{sup 2+}, Mn{sup 2+}, Fe{sup 2+} in structural Sr{sup 2+} positions. The specimen was analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (ESEM-EDS) probe, Spatially-resolved Cathodoluminescence under the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-CL), Differential-Thermal Analyses (DTA), Thermogravimetry (TG), Thermoluminescence (TL), Radioluminescence (RL) and High Resolution Spectra Thermoluminescence (3DTL), to gain an overview of the spectral emissions, the defect linkages were modified by heating from room temperature (RT) up to 500 deg. C. Substitutional ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For a new and practical {sup 99m}Tc generator using not (n, f){sup 99}Mo, but (n, {gamma}){sup 99}Mo, an inorganic polymer adsorbent framed with oxygen-zirconium-chlorine bonds with a high adsorption performance of Mo has been developed; the polymer adsorbent was named PZC. The amounts of {sup 99}Mo (Mo) adsorbed are stably more than 250 mg/g(PZC). But, the current experiments with 0.5 MBq to 1.85 GBq of {sup 99}Mo gave a subject that the breakthrough of {sup 99}Mo in the elution of {sup 99m}Tc from the adsorbent was 0.05-0.5 %, although the breakthrough of Zr was less than the detection limit of 5 x 10{sup -2} mg(Zr) to 1 g of PZC, and {sup 99m}Tc was eluted constantly with 78{+-}4%. To apply the adsorbent as a generator commercially in Japan, the {sup 99}Mo breakthroughed from the generator must be suppressed to less than 0.15 kBp({sup 99}Mo)/MBq({sup 99m}Tc) by law which is equivalent to 0.015 %, and the {sup 99}Mo breakthrough is controlled ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis deals with the analysis of dominant loss mechanisms in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) and hydrogen fed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEFC) by means of experimental characterization and modeling work. Due to different fuels used in these two fuel cell types, the dominant loss mechanisms are different in their nature. All in-situ characterization techniques that are used in this work are based on a novel test fuel cell with embedded reference electrodes. The first part of this work presents a new concept for realizing a reference electrode configuration in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell by means of laser ablation. The laser beam is used to evaporate a small gap into the electrode surface of a catalyst coated membrane (CCM) to isolate the reference electrode from the working/counter electrode (WE/CE). This method enables the simultaneous ablation of the electrodes on both sides of the CCM because the membrane is transparent for the laser beam. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To evaluate the current situation and implementation of embolization of uterine leiomyomas into the treatment concept in women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas in Germany. A questionnaire addressing the clinical background of uterine myomas, recommended treatment concepts, preclinical evaluation, technical approach and complications was sent to 164 departments of gynecology and radiology in Germany. 33 radiological departments and 19 gynecological departments submitted a completed questionnaire. Only 7 departments of radiology reported to have own experience with embolization of uterine leiomyomas, while only 2 departments of gynecology considered embolization as an alternative treatment option in patients with symptomatic leiomyomas. 18/33 radiological departments offer this treatment option but get no patient referrals. Agreement was found concerning the indications for treatment, preclinical evaluation by ultrasound and MRI, preferable location of treatable fibroids, technical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The experimental effect investigation programme on Zircaloy-4/air oxidation was pursued and expanded to isothermal specimen exposure and the comparison of the oxidation between the atmospheres Ar/O{sub 2} and air. In close connection with the EC project OPSA, which is meanwhile terminated, the investigation concerned specimen exposure in a thermobalance to flowing atmospheres, namely dry Ar/O{sub 2} of composition 80/20 or synthetic air, respectively. As test parameters the linear heat-up rate was varied in the range 5 to 40 K/min and the ramp or holding temperature between 800 and 1500 C. Mass increase and reaction rate were continuously recorded or evaluated in temperature/time dependence. The oxide scale growth was found to be accompanied by colour changes, crack formation and spalling of layers, as well as by dimensional substrate growth, which are the reasons for the observed kinetic results. The microstructural investigation confirms nitrogen to be essentially responsible for the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fundamental recommendations of the ICRP issued in its publication of 1990 stipulate the general principle of performance of dose measurements at regular intervals in the field of diagnostic radiology, for the purpose of equipment performance checking and optimization of radiological protection. In response to this requirement, the Federal Ministry, in cooperation with experts and the competent supervising authorities, has issued an order to install dose-area-product meters in angiographic examination systems, imaging systems and fluoroscopic screen devices primarily used for examining infants and children up to the age of 12. This is done in response to reported cases of adverse effects of radiation exposure and the high priority given to radiological protection in the examination of infants and children. In 1992, an expert group was convened to discuss and elaborate instructions for including dose-area product measurement in the dosimetry activities in medical diagnostic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The R and D activities of the institute focused on two major projects, ``Molecular and cellular environmental toxicology``, and ``Biophysics of multi-cellular systems``. For assessment of health risks emanating from the uptake of heavy metal compounds, work performed under the first mentioned project studies the formation of allergy-inducing metabolic products from membrane lipids, and the effects of related cellular signaling processes. These studies are accompanied by an approach to quantify and classify the toxicity of environmental organometallic compounds. Another major task is research into the pathogenesis of lung disease induced by dusts, gases, and gas-dust mixtures and the liberation of inflammatory agents by immunological cell reactions (alveolar macrophages). Atomic force microscopy is the tool used to visualize the related dynamic changes in bronchial cells. Studies for detection of the localisation and structure of the Fe-Mo co-factor in nitrogenase by means of the method ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A cooperative effort of the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research (ZSW) and Phototronics Solartechnik GmbH (PST) aimed at the transfer of highly efficient solar cells developed on a laboratory scale, to large-area thin-film solar modules suitable for production. This work was based on research and development at the Institute for Physical Electronics (IPE) of Stuttgart University and ZSW on one hand, and on the know-how of PST in regard to large-area module fabrication on the other hand. The various thin-film layers of the cells and modules comprize molybdenum as rear contact, copper-indium(gallium)-diselenide (CIGS) as absorber material, the combination of cadmium sulphide (CdS) and ZnO as window layer. To produce these layers on large areas (30x30 cm{sup 2}), equipment was constructed and procedures were developed. Monolithic series connection of cells, used in other thin-film technologies, was studied and optimized by suitable patterning procedures, such as laser-scribing, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Main topic of the project was the manufacturing of highly efficient GaAs-solar cells and the fabrication of concentrator cells. During this process significant progress was made with the material preparation, the solar cell technology and the material and process characterisation. This succeeded in the following efficiencies: - GaAs solar cell made by MOVPE technology: 22.9% on 4 cm{sup 2} (AM1.5g) - GaAs solar cell made by LPE-ER process: 22.8% on 4 cm{sup 2} (AM1.5g) - GaAs concentrator solar cell made by LPE-ER process: 24.9% at C=100xAM1.5d - GaAs concentrator module with fresnel lenses: Module efficiency 20.1% (under irradiation of 793 W/m{sup 2}). Another main focus was the epitaxy of GaAs on Si substrate. Two different approaches were investigated. Together with the cooperation partner ASE, Heilbronn a selective growth technology was developed that led to a decreased crack formation. By a simultanous optimization of the other epitaxy and process parameters, the efficiency was ...

ScienceCinema

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Low energy buildings promise significant energy savings and help climate preservation by cutting down on annual heating requirements to values below 70 kWh per m{sup 2} dwelling space. It is expected that low energy constructions will become the common standard by the year 2000 as a result of the forthcoming energy saving ordinance. For making the introduction and implementation of this standard successful, practical experience will be essential. For this reason, the state government of Hesse has supported respective pilot projects 1987. In 1989 the funding programme `30 low energy buildings in Hesse` has been established. Consecutively - between 1989 and 1993 - 29 buildings were erected. At first, the thermal quality of the crafted building construction including the ventilation systems was checked. Consecutively, energy consumption, indoor and outdoor temperatures were measured over a time span of several years. The experience of the inhabitants was surveyed. The `Institut Wohnen und ...