Thirty-seven patients harboring primary or metastatic brain tumors were treated with 40 implantations of radioactive sources (/sup 192/Ir, /sup 198/Au, or /sup 125/I) using stereotactic neurosurgical techniques. Most tumors had recurred after surgery, whole brain irradiation, and treatment with all feasible chemotherapeutic agents. Sixteen of the 40 implants were pregnant; 24 were mounted in plastic catheters for removal after the desired dose had been delivered. One or more sources were placed in each tumor to deliver 3500-7350 rad to the tumor's periphery for /sup 198/Au, 4,000-12,000 rad for /sup 192/Ir, and 3,000-20,000 rad for /sup 125/I. Three of the six patients treated with /sup 192/Ir had objective responses for 2, 4, and 12 months, and two stabilized for 8 and 11 months. Seven of the 11 patients treated with /sup 198/Au were evaluable: three responded for 3, 5, and 37 + months, one deteriorating patient with a recurrent tumor stabilized for 6 months, and two deteriorated despite treatment. One patient received an interstitial ''boost'' dose with /sup 198/Au after whole brain irradiation and stabilized for 15 months before developing spinal metastases. Six patients received permanent implants with low activity /sup 125/I. Three of these patients had blioblastomas or anaplastic astrocytomas; all continued to deteriorate despite the interstitial irradiation, presumably because the dose rat was too low. One patient with a low-grade astrocytoma (optic chiasm) responded dramatically to permanent, low activity /sup 125/I implants (11 + months). Another (hypothalamic glioma) had a permanent /sup 125/I implant, responded, as was stable at 9 months when external irradiation was administered. One patient with a suprasellar ''teratoid'' tumor stabilized for 10 months.

We evaluated the efficacy of interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) using 125Iodine (125I) seeds for treatment of papillary tumors of the pineal region. Between September 2003 and September 2010, four patients (M/F?=?2/2; median age, 57.3?years; range 29.2?69.1?years) with papillary tumors of the pineal region underwent IBT using 125I seeds. Before brachytherapy two patients underwent endoscopic ventriculo-cisternotomy, because of occlusive hydrocephalus, and subsequent microsurgical resection was performed on one; three patients were primarily treated with IBT. Median tumor volume was 3.3?ml (range 1.6?4?ml), the tumor surface dose ranged between 50 and 65?Gy. For three patients the seeds were implanted permanently whereas one patient received temporary implants (28?days). The median follow-up ...

Purpose: To compare the urethral and prostate absolute and biologic effective doses (BEDs) for {sup 131}Cs and {sup 125}I prostate permanent implant brachytherapy (PPI). Methods and Materials: Eight previously implanted manually planned {sup 125}I PPI patients were replanned manually with {sup 131}Cs, and re-planned using Inverse Planning Simulated Annealing. {sup 131}Cs activity and the prescribed dose (115 Gy) were determined from that recommended by IsoRay. The BED was calculated for the prostate and urethra using an {alpha}/{beta} ratio of 2 and was also calculated for the prostate using an {alpha}/{beta} ratio of 6 and a urethral {alpha}/{beta} ratio of 2. The primary endpoints of this study were the prostate D{sub 90} BED (pD{sub 90}BED) and urethral D{sub 30} BED normalized to the maximal potential prostate D{sub 90} BED (nuD{sub 30}BED). Results: The manual plan comparison ({alpha}/{beta} = 2) yielded no significant difference in the prostate D{sub 90} BED (median, 192 Gy{sub 2} for both isotopes). No significant difference was observed for the nuD{sub 30}BED (median, 199 Gy{sub 2} and 202 Gy{sub 2} for {sup 125}I and {sup 131}Cs, respectively). For the inverse planning simulated annealing plan comparisons ({alpha}/{beta} 2), the prostate D{sub 90} BED was significantly lower with {sup 131}Cs than with {sup 125}I (median, 177 Gy{sub 2} vs. 187 Gy{sub 2}, respectively; p = 0.01). However, the nuD{sub 30}BED was significantly greater with {sup 131}Cs than with {sup 125}I (median, 192 Gy{sub 2} vs. 189 Gy{sub 2}, respectively; p = 0.01). Both the manual and the inverse planning simulated annealing plans resulted in a significantly lower prostate D{sub 90} BED (p = 0.01) and significantly greater nuD{sub 30}BED for {sup 131}Cs (p = 0.01), compared with {sup 125}I, when the prostate {alpha}/{beta} ratio was 6 and the urethral {alpha}/{beta} ratio was 2. Conclusion: This report highlights the controversy in comparing the dose to both the prostate and the organs at risk with different radionuclides.

...Permanent Pacemaker Electrode (21 CFR 870.3680...permanent pacemaker electrode is a device consisting...permanent pacemaker electrodes are permanent implants...embolism, muscle/nerve stimulation, stenosis, and...

Purpose: Ejaculatory function is an underreported aspect of male sexuality in men treated for prostate cancer. We conducted the first detailed analysis of ejaculatory function in patients treated with permanent {sup 125}I prostate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: Of 270 sexually active men with localized prostate cancer treated with permanent {sup 125}I prostate brachytherapy, 241 (89%), with a mean age of 65 years (range, 43-80), responded to a mailed questionnaire derived from the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire regarding ejaculatory function. Five aspects of ejaculatory function were examined: frequency, volume, dry ejaculation, pleasure, and pain. Results: Of the 241 sexually active men, 81.3% had conserved ejaculatory function after prostate brachytherapy; however, the number of patients with rare/absent ejaculatory function was double the pretreatment number (p < .0001). The latter finding was correlated with age (p < .001) and the preimplant International Index of Erectile Function score (p < .001). However, 84.9% of patients with maintained ejaculatory function after implantation reported a reduced volume of ejaculate compared with 26.9% before (p < .001), with dry ejaculation accounting for 18.7% of these cases. After treatment, 30.3% of the patients experienced painful ejaculation compared with 12.9% before (p = .0001), and this was associated with a greater number of implanted needles (p = .021) and the existence of painful ejaculation before implantation (p < .0001). After implantation, 10% of patients who continued to be sexually active experienced no orgasm compared with only 1% before treatment. in addition, more patients experienced late/difficult or weak orgasms (p = .001). Conclusion: Most men treated with brachytherapy have conserved ejaculatory function after prostate brachytherapy. However, most of these men experience a reduction in volume and a deterioration in orgasm.

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of multimodality therapy consisting of hormone therapy (HT), brachytherapy (BT), and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in extraprostatic prostate cancer and identify factors with predictive value. Methods and MaterialsBetween June 1992 and October 2006, 97 patients with extraprostatic prostate cancer received permanent seed implant BT. Extraprostatic disease was defined by one or more of the following: positive seminal vesicle biopsy (n=56), positive lymph node dissection (n=8), or a clinical tumor stage of T3 (n=48). Treatment consisted of BT alone with 103Pd or 125I (n=4); HT and BT (n=3); BT and EBRT (n=2); or trimodality therapy with HT, BT, and EBRT (n=88). Median followup was 69 (range, 23-182) months. Freedom from biochemical failure (FBF) rates were ...

Fourteen patients with locally recurrent prostate carcinomas after external beam irradiation received /sup 125/I seed implants at Stanford between 1975 and 1979. Clinical local control was obtained in 11 of the 14 patients for follow-up periods of 6 to 36 months. Eight remain without evidence of disease, but 2 of the 3 patients whose pelvic lymph nodes were involved by carcinoma have developed distant metastases. Complications, consisting of either cystoproctitis, urinary incontinence, or the development of a vesicorectal fistula occurred in 4 of the 14 patients. These complications were noted only in those patients who had implantation of high intensity /sup 125/I seeds (>0.50 mCi) into large prostatic volumes (greater than or equal to 50cc). No complications occurred in patients who received lower intensity /sup 125/I seed implants in smaller prostatic volumes. We conclude that /sup 125/I seed implants may be used in a second attempt to obtain local control after a local relapse following external beam irradiation, if the use of high intensity /sup 125/I sources and/or the implantation of large prostate volumes are avoided.

Introduction: In order to improve tumor imaging, changes in the pharmacokinetics of 3-[{sup 123}I]iodo-{alpha}-methyl-L-tyrosine ([{sup 123}I]IMT), an artificial amino acid that exhibits high tumor accumulation, after probenecid (PBC) loading was studied in mice implanted with colon cancer DLD-1 cells using {sup 125}I-labeled IMT ([{sup 125}I]IMT). Methods: DLD-1-implanted KSN-slc nude male mice received 740 kBq of [{sup 125}I]IMT via the tail vein at 5 min after 50 mg/kg body weight PBC loading, and autoradiography was performed at 5, 15 and 30 min after injection. Male ddY mice then received 670 kBq of [{sup 125}I]IMT and 50 mg/kg 2-amino-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) or p-aminohippurate (PAH) via the tail vein, and kidney autoradiography was performed at 5 min after injection. In vitro inhibition study was then performed based on the accumulation mechanisms of [{sup 125}I]IMT in DLD-1, using 1 mM L-tyrosine, BCH, {alpha}-(methylamino)-isobutyric acid, N-benzoyl-{beta}-alanine, PBC, PAH, 2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium azide. Both Na{sup +}-dependent and Na{sup +}-independent uptake were investigated. Results: Higher tumor accumulation in PBC-loaded DLD-1-implanted mice was seen when compared to control mice. PAH and BCH, respectively, reduced renal accumulation in the tubule segment-2 (S2)-like and S1-like regions. We confirmed that [{sup 125}I]IMT transport is predominantly mediated by L-type amino acid transporter-1 in DLD-1 cells. Conclusions: [{sup 125}I]IMT uptake is mediated by organic anion and amino acid transporters in the kidney. Organic anion transporter inhibitors may yield better tumor images with good tumor/normal tissue radioactivity ratios if adequate administration plans are developed.

Purpose: A permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) program utilizing intraoperative inverse-planned dynamic dose-feedback was initiated without prior firsthand experience of alternative techniques. The purpose of this study is to assess the dosimetric learning curve associated with this approach. Methods and Materials: A total of 77 patients underwent PPB implants as monotherapy for localized prostate cancer to a prescription dose of 145 Gy with loose 125I seeds between December 2003 and June 2004. Intraoperative and postoperative dosimetric values, total implanted radioactivity, and operating room (OR) times were compared by sequential case number for all cases. Results: The median intraoperative dosimetric values were: D90 (the minimum dose to 90% of the prostate) = 170 Gy (range, 135-203 Gy), V100 (the volume of the prostate that receives 100% of the prescription dose) = 96% (range, 86-100), V150 = 66% (range, 34-86). Median postoperative dosimetric values were as follows: D90 = 168 Gy (range, 132-197 Gy), V100 = 95% (range, 86-99), V150 = 74% (range, 51-84). Median implanted activity was 0.79 mCi per cubic centimeter of prostate (range, 0.541-1.13). There was no significant correlation by case number on any postoperative dosimetric parameter studied. Door-to-door OR time was reduced from median 138 to 97.5 min per case at the end of the series with a correlation coefficient of -0.76 for the initial 28 cases. Conclusion: Satisfactory dosimetric parameters can be achieved from the outset without a learning curve effect in an appropriately trained environment. The learning curve for dynamic dose-feedback PPB in a clinic naive to other techniques is apparent in terms of OR time.

Objective: To evaluate technical feasibility and acute and subacute radiotolerance of a self-expandable stent loaded with {sup 125}I seeds in the rabbit esophagus. Methods: A self-expandable stent designed for esophageal application was made of 0.16 mm nitinol wire and loaded with {sup 125}I seeds (CIAE-6711). Twenty-seven stents with three different radioactive dosages (n = 9 in each dosage group) were implanted in the esophagus of healthy rabbits, while nine stents alone were used as controls. The stents were perorally deployed into the esophagus under fluoroscopic guidance. Radiological follow-up included plain chest film, CT scan, and barium esophagography which were undertaken in all rabbits of each group at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively, which were correlated to histopathological findings. The stented esophageal segments along with their adjacent tissues were harvested for histopathological examinations. Results: The stent was successfully deployed into the targeted esophageal segment in all rabbits. Neither {sup 125}I seeds dislodged from the stent during the deployment, nor they did during the follow-up period. The greatest (16.2 Gy) absorbed dose was found in the tissue 10 mm from {sup 125}I seeds at 8 weeks. Slight epithelial hyperplasia on the stent surface and submucosal inflammatory process developed at 2 weeks, which reached the peak at 8 weeks after the procedure. Significant thickness of the esophageal muscular layer was found at 8 weeks only in the groups with {sup 125}I seeds. On radiologic follow-up, moderate strictures on both ends of the stents developed at 4 weeks and became severe at 8 weeks after the procedure in all groups. Conclusion: Deployment of a self-expandable stent loaded with {sup 125}I seeds is technically feasible and safe within the first 8 weeks. Acute and subacute radiotolerance of the treated esophagus and its adjacent tissues by {sup 125}I seeds is well preserved in a healthy rabbit model.

PurposeTo report a rare case of seed migration to a left varicocele after transperineal interstitial prostate brachytherapy with loose iodine-125 (125I) seeds. Methods and MaterialsA 73-year-old man presented with a serum prostate-specific antigen level of 5.21ng/mL, Gleason score of 7 (3+4), and clinical T1c adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The patient underwent transperineal interstitial prostate brachytherapy with loose 125I seeds followed by external beam radiation therapy. Two weeks after seed implantation, a followup pelvic radiograph was obtained. One month after seed implantation, a pelvic computed tomography scan for postimplant dosimetric analysis was carried out. Subsequent ultrasound examination of the scrotum was undertaken. ResultsTwo weeks after seed implantation, an anteropo...

Purpose: To report the incidence, timing, and magnitude of the benign prostate-specific antigen (PSA) bounce after {sup 125}I prostate brachytherapy and correlate the bounce with clinical and/or dosimetric factors. Methods and Materials: From March 1999 to August 2003, a total of 292 men received {sup 125}I prostate brachytherapy without androgen deprivation or supplemental beam radiotherapy and have PSA follow-up >30 months. Implants were preplanned using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and performed under transrectal ultrasound/fluoroscopy guidance using preloaded needles. A PSA bounce is defined as an increase {>=}0.2 ng/ml with spontaneous return to prebounce level or lower. Results: Resolved PSA bounces were seen in 40% of men with follow-up >30 months. Median onset was 15 months, and median magnitude was 0.76 ng/ml. Magnitude >2 ng/ml was seen in 15%. The only clinical or dosimetric factor predictive of bounce in multivariate analysis was younger age. Median time to increasing PSA level indicative of failure was 30 months. Conclusions: Benign PSA bounces are common after {sup 125}I prostate brachytherapy, especially in younger men. An increase >2 ng/ml above the nadir was seen in 15%. Magnitude of increase does not distinguish bounce from failure. Time to the start of the PSA increase can be helpful, but is not absolute. The PSA bounce does not predict subsequent failure. Caution is advised in interpreting an early increasing PSA level in the first 30 months after {sup 125}I brachytherapy in favorable-risk patients.

Patients receiving /sup 125/I implantation and pelvic lymphadenectomy for clinically localized prostatic carcinoma were divided into two groups, with one group receiving a preoperative channel transurethral prostatectomy. The groups were matched according to clinical stage and histologic grade. Complications were classified as operative, short-term, and long-term. Although preoperative channel transurethral prostatectomy was associated with a greater incidence of surgical procedures after implantation, the overall complication rate did not differ between the two groups. The overall mortality rate and the incidence of progression of Stage C tumors did not differ between the two groups.

Background Celiac plexus neurolysis for the palliative reduction of pain in unresectable pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is safe but provides limited relief. In a previous study, we found that EUS-guided implantation of iodine-125 (125I) around the celiac ganglia is a safe procedure and can induce apoptosis of local neurons in a porcine model. Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of direct celiac ganglion irradiation with 125I seeds for the relief of moderate to severe pain secondary to unresectable PC. Design Prospective study. Setting Single, tertiary care referral center. Patients This study enrolled consecutive patients who had moderate to severe pain resulting from biopsy-proven unresectable PC. Intervention All patients underwent EUS-guided direct celiac ganglion irradiation with ...

Risk for Permanent Pacemaker After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Background: Permanent pacemaker (PM) requirement is a known complication after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). There are, however, no systematic data concerning this complication. Objective: To determine the incidence and potential predictors of permanent PM requirement after TAVI based on published literature. Methods: We conducted a MEDLINE search to identify potentially relevant literature dealing with PM requirement after TAVI. Data were collected on paper extraction forms by 2 independent investigators. Results: There were 32 relevant published studies comprising data of 5,258 patients without an implanted PM before TAVI. An Edwards-Sapiens prosthesis (ESP) was implanted in 2,887 patients, wher...

A composite TiO2/Ta2O5 nano-film has been formed on the NiTi shape memory alloy by Ta implantation. The wettability, protein adsorption, platelets adhesion and hemolysis tests are conducted to evaluate the hemocompatibility. The contact angle measurements showed that the surface of the NiTi alloy kept hydrophilic before and after Ta implantation, although the water contact angle increased with the increasing of implantation current. Both of the surface energy and the interfacial tension decreased after Ta implantation. The protein adsorption behavior was investigated by 125I isotope labeling. The fibrinogen adsorption was enhanced by a high surface roughness or a large interfacial tension, while the albumin adsorption was insensitive to the surface modification. Platelet adhesion and activ...

Purpose: To update the Allegheny General Hospital experience of high-risk Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with sublobar resection and intraoperative {sup 125}I Vicryl mesh brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: Between January 5, 1996 and February 19, 2008, 145 patients with Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer who were not lobectomy candidates because of cardiopulmonary compromise underwent sublobar resection and placement of {sup 125}I seeds along the resection line. The {sup 125}I seeds embedded in Vicryl suture were attached with surgical clips to a sheet of Vicryl mesh, inserted over the target area, and prescribed to a 0.5-cm planar margin. Results: The mean target area, total activity, number of seeds implanted, and prescribed total dose was 33.3 cm{sup 2} (range, 18.0-100.8), 20.2 mCi (range, 11.1-29.7), 46 (range, 30-100), and 117 Gy (range, 80-180), respectively. The median length of the surgical stay was 6 days (range, 1-111), with a perioperative mortality rate of 3.4%. At a median follow-up of 38.3 months (range, 1-133), 6 patients had developed local recurrence (4.1%), 9 had developed regional failure (6.2%), and 25 had distant failure (17.2%). On multivariate analysis, no patient- or tumor-specific factors or surgical or dosimetric factors were predictive of local recurrence. The overall median survival was 30.5 months with a 3- and 5-year overall survival rate of 65% and 35%, respectively. Conclusion: {sup 125}I brachytherapy for high-risk, Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer after sublobar resection is well tolerated and associated with a low local failure rate.

Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of death from cancer among men in the United States. Traditional treatments for prostate cancer are prostatectomy, external beam irradiation, and interstitial implantation of Iodine125 (I125) via laparotomy. These treatments are associated with significant morbidity and limitations. Based on experience with I125 interstitial implantation by transrectal ultrasound guidance for early-stage prostate cancer, it seems that this newer method of treatment has greater accuracy of placement and distribution of the isotope and has had few reported complications. The need for a surgical incision has been eliminated. Hospitalization time also has been decreased, creating the need for ambulatory and inpatient nurses to understand the importance of their respective roles in providing coordinated quality care for these patients. Nurses in these departments must have knowledge of the procedure, radiation safety, and common side effects related to the implant.

PurposeTo compare the ability of single- and dual-isotope prostate seed implants to escalate biologically effective dose (BED) to foci of disease while reducing prescription dose to the prostate. Methods and MaterialsNine plans, using 125I, 103Pd, and 131Cs alone and in combination were created retrospectively for 2 patients. Ultrasound and MRI/MRS datasets were used for treatment planning. Voxel-by-voxel BED was calculated for single- and dual-isotope plans. Equivalent uniform BED (EUBED) was used to compare plans. The MRS-positive planning target volumes (PTVi) were delineated along with PTV (prostate + 5 mm), rectum, and urethra. Single-isotope implants, prescribed to conventional doses, were generated to achieve good PTV coverage. The PTVi were prospectively used to generate implants u...

...Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0097] Medical Device Reporting; Malfunction Reporting...including class I and those class II devices that are not permanently implantable...in full compliance with FDA's Medical Device Reporting regulation,...

... reconstructing almost any part of the body. A silicone balloon expander is inserted under the skin near ... is not enough skin to accommodate a permanent implant to restore a woman's natural appearance. It is ...

Purpose To describe the biochemical failure-free survival (B.F.F.S.), G.U. toxicity and erectile dysfunction in intermediate risk prostate cancer treated with iodine 125 mono-therapy ({sup 125}I). Patients and methods Between October 1994 and October 2007, 1282 patients were treated with {sup 125}I at the Hotel Dieu de Quebec. Two hundred patients were intermediate risk prostate cancer. One hundred and fifty-seven had enough follow-up to be evaluated in this study. Biochemical failure-free survival is reported using Phoenix definition. Acute and late G.U. toxicity was described using the International Prostate Symptoms Score (I.P.S.S.) as well as with the rate of bladder catheter. Erectile dysfunction was also reported. Results The mean age of the patients was 65.6 years (S.D. = 6 years) and the mean pretreatment P.S.A. was 8.7 ng/ml. About half of the patients (51%) were T2b/T2c. About 44.6% had a P.S.A. greater than 10 and 4.5% had Gleason score of 7/10. More than half of the patients received a short course of hormones of less than 6 months for cyto-reduction (57.4%). The median follow-up was 60 months. Biochemical failure-free survival at 60-month and 96-month were 87.1% and 81% according to Phoenix definition. The mean I.P.S.S. rose from 5 immediately after the implant to 15 1 month after and then slowly decreased to 8 at 24 months. Acute urinary retention with bladder catheter occurred in 10.9% of patients. Only 4.3% presented erectile dysfunction at 5 months post-implant. Conclusion {sup 125}I mono-therapy for intermediate risk prostate implant gives biochemical failure-free survivals at 5 years and 8 years comparable to those obtained with high dose external beam radiotherapy. G.U. toxicity and erectile dysfunction were low and acceptable. Therefore, the use of {sup 125}I alone in this group of patients could be presented and discussed with the patient in the waiting of phase III validation. (authors)

The extent of gene delivery and expression in gene therapy with suicide genes such as herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) is assessed with measurement of selective localization of radioiodinated HSV-tk substrates in HSV-tk expressing tumor. We compared n vitro uptake of {sup 125}I-IVDU, IVFRU and in vivo image of HSV-tk gene tranduced hepatocellular carcinoma model. Using H{sub 2}O{sub 2}(hydrogen peroxide), IVDU and IVFRU was radiolabeled as carrier free form. The uptake of {sup 125}I-IVDU IVFRU was determined with increasing incubation periods in MCA-tk and MCA cell line (1X10{sup 6}cell/flask). The cell harvested and counted after incubation of 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480 minutes. For estimating accumulation of radiolabelled IVDU, IVFRU in HSV-tk expressing tumor, MCA-tk cells (1 X 10{sup 6}/100 {mu}l) injected intramuscularly into right thigh of buffalo rats. To determine selective localization of radiolabelled IVDU, IVFRU in HSV-tk expressing hepatocellular carcinoma bearing buffalo rats, MCA-tk cells (1X 10{sup 7} cell/100 {mu}l) were injected subcutaneously into both shoulders of buffalo rats. Established tumor mass implanted into liver of buffalo rats using intra-hepatic tumor injection. Two weeks later, {sup 123}I labelled IVDU, IVFRU(7.4 X 10{sup 7}Bq/200 {mu}l) injected intravenously into tail veins of each buffalo rats. Gamma camera used as revealing localization of {sup 123}I-IVDU, IVFRU in MCA-tk cells grafts rats and in vivo image was taken 2 hrs, 24 hrs after injection. radioiodinated IVDU, IVFRU were radiolabeled with {sup 123}I as labeling yield 70%, {sup 125}I as 84%. Two compounds showed minimal uptake in MCA cell line, but in MCA-tk cell line, increased uptake was observed. The ratio of MCA-tk to MCA was up to 116-fold in {sup 125}I-IVDU, up to 37-fold in {sup 125}I-IVFRU at 480 min. The uptake of IVDU was 4 times higher than IVFRU in MCA-tk cells. Gamma camera images of HSV-tk gene tranduced MCA tumor showed accumulation of {sup 123}I-IVDU and {sup 123}I-IVFRU to clearly defined images. In hepatocellular carcinoma bearing buffalo rats, selective localization of {sup 123}I-IVFRU observed. Both compound could be used in imaging HSV-tk gene expression for gene therapy monitoring in MCA-tk tumor model. In HSV-tk tranduced hepatocellular carcinoma bearing buffalo rat model, IVFRU could be used as prognostic marker.

Tumors attached or adjacent to critical structures can often not be completely resected or resected with adequate surgical margins. Sites involving major blood vessels, the vertebral column or the brain with small residual tumors or suspicious margins often present technical difficulties for standard I-125 or Ir-192 implants. A relatively simple, accurate and inexpensive implant method is decribed using I-125 seeds imbedded in gelfoam to implant permanently into small residual tumors or suspicious margins where standard implant techniques may be unsatisfactory. A method for planning the treatment dose for such an implant is described. Cases involving paraspinal and brain tumors are reported to illustrate the technique.

We have utilized a monoclonal antibody (192-IgG) to study the rat nerve growth factor receptor. After intraocular injection, {sup 125}I-192-IgG was retrogradely transported in sympathetic neuronal axons to the superior cervical ganglion. When the sciatic nerve was ligated to induce the accumulation of axonally transported materials, 192-IgG immunostaining was observed on both sides of the ligature, indicating that NGF receptors are transported in both orthograde and retrograde directions. By using {sup 125}I-NGF crosslinking and 192-IgG immunoprecipitation, we detected receptor molecules throughout the rat brain, thereby supporting the hypothesis that NGF is active in the central nervous system. We also discovered that sciatic nerve transection leads to a dramatic increase in the amount of NGF receptor found in the distal portion of the nerve. Immunostaining revealed that all Schwann cells in the distal axotomized nerve were expressing NGF receptors. We examined phosphorylation of NGF receptor in cultured sympathetic neurons and PC12 cells. We also examined pharmacological effects of 192-IgG. Systemic injection of 192-IgG into neonatal rats caused a permanent partial sympathectomy in a dose-dependent manner; a maximum of 50% of the cells were killed.

The long-term results of the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma by a radioactive interstitial implant seated by a transcatheter embolization technique were evaluated in 85 patients at risk at 2 years and 37 at 5 years. The 2-year survival rate was 33% and the 5-year survival rate was 32%. Patients with isolated skeletal metastases showed the best survival rate (2-year survival rate, 69%; 5-year survival rate, 60%). Isolated pulmonary, other parenchymal, and central nervous system (CNS) metastases showed a lower 2-year survival rate of 15%. Regardless of the site of metastases and the size of the primary, histologic grade appeared to have a substantial impact on the survival of our patients. The beneficial results of interstitial radiation therapy are attributed to reduction of tumor burden and possibly the stimulation of the host immune response that may initiate remission. The noticeably better results in patients with osseous metastases are attributed to the resolute treatment of all osseous metastases by additional interstitial iodine 125 (/sup 125/I) infarct implants. Conversely, the poor results in patients with CNS and other parenchymal metastases may be based on the inability to treat such metastases with /sup 125/I interstitial infarct implants. In addition to clinical observations of weight gain and the cessation of pain and hematuria if present, remissions are heralded by normalization of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, disappearance of tumor markers if present, and rise of beta interferon levels. The technique is advocated for the management of inoperable renal cell carcinoma with distant metastases.

A Monte Carlo study is carried out to quantify the effects of seed anisotropy and interseed attenuation for {sup 103}Pd and {sup 125}I prostate implants. Two idealized and two real prostate implants are considered. Full Monte Carlo simulation (FMCS) of implants (seeds are physically and simultaneously simulated) is compared with isotropic point-source dose-kernel superposition (PSKS) and line-source dose-kernel superposition (LSKS) methods. For clinical pre- and post-procedure implants, the dose to the different structures (prostate, rectum wall, and urethra) is calculated. The discretized volumes of these structures are reconstructed using transrectal ultrasound contours. Local dose differences (PSKS versus FMCS and LSKS versus FMCS) are investigated. The dose contributions from primary versus scattered photons are calculated separately. For {sup 103}Pd, the average absolute total dose difference between FMCS and PSKS can be as high as 7.4% for the idealized model and 6.1% for the clinical preprocedure implant. Similarly, the total dose difference is lower for the case of {sup 125}I: 4.4% for the idealized model and 4.6% for a clinical post-procedure implant. Average absolute dose differences between LSKS and FMCS are less significant for both seed models: 3 to 3.6% for the idealized models and 2.9 to 3.2% for the clinical plans. Dose differences between PSKS and FMCS are due to the absence of both seed anisotropy and interseed attenuation modeling in the PSKS approach. LSKS accounts for seed anisotropy but not for the interseed effect, leading to systematically overestimated dose values in comparison with the more accurate FMCS method. For both idealized and clinical implants the dose from scattered photons represent less than 1/3 of the total dose. For all studied cases, LSKS prostate DVHs overestimate D{sub 90} by 2 to 5% because of the missing interseed attenuation effect. PSKS and LSKS predictions of V{sub 150} and V{sub 200} are overestimated by up to 9% in comparison with the FMCS results. Finally, effects of seed anisotropy and interseed attenuation must be viewed in the context of other significant sources of dose uncertainty, namely seed orientation, source misplacement, prostate morphological changes and tissue heterogeneity.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (125-150g) were implanted (im.) with the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. After both 7 and 10 days, plasma levels of glucagon in tumor-bearing rats were approximately half the level seen in control rats (P < 0.01) even though fasting plasma glucose levels were slightly (but not significantly) less in the tumor-bearing rats. To determine if the tumor degrades the hormone, tumor cells were incubated at room temperature with /sup 125/I-glucagon (0.075 ..mu..Ci, 2200 Ci/mmol) in 20mM TRIS-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) with 2.5% bovine serum albumin (total volume of 750 ..mu..l) for 45 min. After incubation with tumor cells, only about 25% of the total radiolabel was TCA-precipitable vs 97% in the control (minus tumor cells) incubations. It also appears that the tumor cells may release a substance which degrades hormone. If tumor cells are preincubated for 60 min at 37/sup 0/ then removed from the medium, the incubation medium contains a factor which degrades subsequently added /sup 125/I-glucagon (57% TCA-precipitable vs 98% in control incubations). That this factor is a protease is suggested by the results of another experiment in which aprotinin (a protease inhibitor, 1 mg/ml), when added along with the labeled glucagon, virtually eliminated degradation by a factor released from the tumor cells (79% TCA-precipitable in the absence of aprotinin vs 94% in its presence and 98% in controls).

Abstract in portuguese É relatado caso de paciente de 82 anos, portador de insuficiência renal leve, estenose valvar pulmonar (EVP) severa, estenose severa de artéria descendente anterior e bloqueio atrioventricular total, submetido a angioplastia coronária com implante de stent coronário, valvotomia pulmonar e implante de marcapasso definitivo no mesmo procedimento, com sucesso. Abstract in english This report describes a case involving an 82 year old patient with mild renal insufficiency, severe pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS), severe anterior descending artery stenosis and complete atrioventricular block, who successfully underwent, in a single session, coronary angioplasty and a stent implant, pulmonary valvotomy and a permanent pacemaker implant.

/sup 125/I-bovine serum albumin (BSA) permeation of the vasculature of 3-wk-old granulation tissue (induced by subcutaneous implantation of polyester fabric) formed in the diabetic milieu was assessed in female BB/W, spontaneously diabetic rats and in male, Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes as well as in corresponding nondiabetic controls. Albumin permeation of new granulation tissue vessels was markedly increased in both groups of diabetic animals relative to that of nondiabetic controls, while albumin permeation of vessels in most other tissues did not differ for controls and diabetics. These observations indicate that the functional integrity of new vessels formed in the diabetic milieu is impaired: (1) to a greater extent than that of older vessels formed before induction of diabetes and (2) relative to new vessels in nondiabetics. The implication of these observations is that molecular constituents of vessels synthesized in the diabetic milieu are quantitatively and/or qualitatively abnormal and/or their incorporation into vessels is defective.

PurposeThe 125I source currently used for prostate brachytherapy at St. James’s Institute of Oncology is a standard size seed (4.5mm in length and 0.8mm in diameter). A new, thinner seed is under evaluation. This is designed to be implanted using narrower needles, potentially reducing edema and improving the dose distribution. This study investigated the visibility of the thinner source on multimodality images and compared it with that of standard size seeds. Methods and MaterialsImages of dummy seeds of both thinner and standard size models were taken using ultrasound, fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The ultrasound, fluoroscopy, and CT images were acquired with the seeds inserted into phantoms positioned in a water tank. The MR images wer...

Abstract in english Hypodontia is the congenital absence of one or more teeth and may affect permanent teeth. Several options are indicated to treat hypodontia, including the maintenance of primary teeth or space redistribution for restorative treatment with partial adhesive bridges, tooth transplantation, and implants. However, a multidisciplinary approach is the most important requirement for the ideal treatment of hypodontia. This paper describes a multidisciplinary treatment plan for con (more) genitally missing permanent mandibular second premolars involving orthodontics, implantology and prosthodontic specialties.

We have used compartmented cultures of rat sympathetic neurons to quantitatively examine the retrograde transport of 125I-nerve growth factor (NGF) supplied to distal axons and to characterize the cellular events that maintain steady-state levels of NGF in cell bodies. In cultures allowed to reach steady-state 125I-NGF transport, cell bodies contained only 5-30% of the total neuron-associated 125I-NGF, whereas 70-95% remained associated with the distal axons. This was true over an 8 pM to 1.5 nM 125I-NGF concentration range, indicating that saturation of high affinity receptors could not account for the large fraction of 125I-NGF remaining in axons. Dissociation assays indicated that 85% of 125I-NGF associated with distal axons was surface-bound. At steady-state, only 2-25% of the distal axon-associated 125I-NGF was retrogradely transported each hour, with higher transport rates associated with younger cultures and lower 125I-NGF concentrations. The velocity of 125I-NGF retrograde transport was estimated at 10-20 mm/hr. However, as in a previous report, almost no 125I-NGF transport was observed during the first hour after 125I-NGF administration, indicating a significant lag between receptor binding and loading onto the retrograde transport system. During 125I-NGF transport through axons spanning an intermediate compartment in five-compartment cultures, little or no 125I-NGF was degraded or released from the axons. After transport, 125I-NGF was degraded with a half-life of 3 hr. In summary, although some cellular events promoted NGF accumulation in cell bodies, distal axons represented by far the principal site of NGF-receptor interaction at steady-state as a result of a low retrograde transport rate. PMID:9006972

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and electrical factors predicting delayed high degree atrio-ventricular block (AVB) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). BACKGROUND: TAVI is a new technique for treating severe aortic valve stenosis in patients at high surgical risk but can be followed by high grade AVB requiring permanent pacing. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study included 79 patients (82±17 years, Euroscore=23±10 %) free of permanent pacing need before and immediately after TAVI procedure. Delayed high degree AVB was defined by type 2 or 3 AVB diagnosed at least 24 hours after the index procedure. Permanent pace maker implantation was performed for all these patients. We compared clinical and electrical variables before and after TAVI in patients with delayed AVB or not. TAVI was performed successfully in all patients. The 21 (26%) patients who exhibited delayed high grade AVB had significantly deeper prosthesis implantation (12±4 mm vs. 9±5 mm, P=0.03) and wider post-TAVI QRS duration (155±17 ms vs. 131±25 ms, P=0.0004), with no difference in baseline QRS duration. Post-TAVI QRS duration was the only independent predictor of post-TAVI permanent for delayed high degree AVB (P=0.02). After a mean follow-up of 10±8 months, all 21 patients with post-TAVI QRS ?128 ms were free of high-grade AVB, while 21/55 (38%) patients with post-TAVI QRS >128 ms had permanent pacing (P=0.0016). CONCLUSION: Delayed ( 24 hours after the procedure) high-grade AVB necessitating permanent pacing is common after TAVI. QRS duration measured immediately after TAVI was the best independent predictor of permanent pacing in this population. Patients with QRS ?128 ms immediately after TAVI had no risk of requiring permanent pacing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:22972678

Abstract Endocarditis and localized pocket infections are recognized as serious adverse events in patients with implanted cardiac impulse generators. We have undertaken a 10-y retrospective study in North Denmark Region (population 0.5 million) in order to elucidate the clinical spectrum, causative microorganisms, management and outcome. Infections associated with permanent pacemakers (PPM) and implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) devices were identified by searching hospital databases. Ninety-one incident cases were recorded in 1999 through 2008: 26 patients had endocarditis, 39 patients had a localized pocket infection, and 9 patients developed surgical sepsis with or without local signs immediately after implantation or reoperation; the device was the likely but unconfirmed focus ...

Purpose: Surgical trauma-induced edema and its protracted resolution can lead to significant dose reductions in preplanned {sup 131}Cs prostate brachytherapy. The purpose of this work was to examine whether these dose reductions should be actively compensated for and to estimate the magnitude of the additional irradiation needed for dose compensation. Methods and Materials: The quantitative edema resolution characteristics observed by Waterman et al. were used to examine the physical and radiobiologic effects of prostate edema in preplanned {sup 131}Cs implants. The need for dose compensation was assessed using the dose responses observed in {sup 125}I and {sup 103}Pd prostate implants. The biologically effective dose, calculated with full consideration of edema evolution, was used to estimate the additional irradiation needed for dose compensation. Results: We found that the edema-induced dose reduction in preplanned {sup 131}Cs implants could easily exceed 10% of the prescription dose for implants with moderate or large edema. These dose reductions could lead to a >10% reduction in the biochemical recurrence-free survival for individual patients if the effect of edema was ignored. For a prescribed dose of 120 Gy, the number of 2-Gy external beam fractions needed to compensate for a 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% edema-induced dose reduction would be one, four, six, seven, and nine, respectively, for prostate cancer with a median potential doubling time of 42 days. The required additional irradiation increased for fast-growing tumors and/or those less efficient in sublethal damage repair. Conclusion: Compensation of edema-induced dose reductions in preplanned {sup 131}Cs prostate brachytherapy should be actively considered for those implants with moderate or large edema.

with permanently implanted electrodes in cortical and subcortical structures. .... the trial marked by the first unreinforced failure to respond and the trials that followed. ..... the electrodes carefully, without having to grind away the dental cement, the head .... Water, with an added vitamin supplement, was always available to ...

Using everted sac technique we demonstrated the transfer of {sup 125}I-mEGF across the jejunal and ileal walls of suckling, weanling and adult rats. The transfer by the suckling rat jejunum and ileum was significantly inhibited by the presence of dinitrophenol and sodium azide or by the replacement of sodium with potassium or choline, RP-HPLC analysis detected carboxy-terminal processing of {sup 125}I-mEGF in suckling and adult rat jejunum and ileum. Suckling rat jejunum produced {sup 125}I-des(53)mEGF and {sup 125}I-des(49-53)mEGF, whereas {sup 125}I-des(48-53)mEGF was detected in suckling rat ileum or adult rat jejunum and ileum. All three forms of {sup 125}I-mEGF bound to anti-EGF antibody and EGF receptors. The receptor binding of {sup 125}I-des(53)mEGF was higher than that of {sup 125}I-mEGF, but those of {sup 125}I-des(49-53)mEGF and {sup 125}I-des(48-53)mEGF were greatly diminished. Results indicate a carboxy-terminal processing of mouse EGF during uptake and transfer in the small intestine of developing and adult rats, and the resulting products showed altered receptor binding. An identical amino acid sequence of the C-terminal pentapeptide of eGF from mouse, human and possibly rat may suggest a biological significance of C-terminal processing of EGF in the small intestine.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to use permanent seed implants in the breast and describe our experience with 15 cases, using iodine seed implants as a tumor bed boost.Methods and Materials: Breasts were fixed with a thermoplastic sheet, a template bridge applied, the thorax scanned and the images rotated to be perpendicular to the implant axis. Skin, heart, and lung were delineated. A preplan was made, prescribing 50 Gy to the clinical target volume (CTV), consisting in this boost series of nearly a quadrant. Iodine (125) seeds were stereotactically implanted through the template, and results were checked with a postplan computed tomographic (CT) scan.Results: The breast was immobilized reproducibly. Simulation, scanning, and implant were performed without difficulties. Preplan CTV D90...

PurposeTo study the influence of prostatic edema on postimplant physical and radiobiological parameters using 131Cs permanent prostate seed implants. Methods and MaterialsThirty-one patients with early prostate cancer who underwent 131Cs permanent seed implantation were evaluated. Dose-volume histograms were generated for each set of prostate volumes obtained at preimplantation and postimplantion days 0, 14, and 28 to compute quality indices (QIs) and fractional doses at level x (FDx). A set of equations for QI, FDx, and biologically effective doses at dose level Dx (BEDx) were defined to account for edema changes with time after implant. ResultsThere were statistically significant differences found between QIs of pre- and postimplant plans at day 0, except for the overdose index (ODI). QI...

The role of plasma lipoproteins and hypophyseal hormones in the maintenance of progesterone secretion by the rat corpus luteum was investigated. In the first experiment, rats were treated daily from days 1-6 of pregnancy with 5 mg/kg 4-aminopyrozolopyramidine (4APP), a blocker of hepatic lipoprotein secretion, or with 5 mg/kg 4APP and 1 or 2 mg ovine PRL or 0.1 ml 0.5% phosphoric acid (4APP vehicle). The administration of 4APP reduced serum cholesterol and progesterone levels on days 2-6 of pregnancy and ovarian progesterone on day 6. The reduced progesterone secretion had no effect on embryo implantation. PRL, in the doses used, was incapable of abrogating the effects of 4APP on circulating or ovarian progesterone levels. Ovaries and adrenals, but not kidneys, of pseudopregnant rats exhibited specific and saturable uptake of porcine high density lipoprotein (HDL). Time-course studies indicated that the uptake of HDL was rapid in ovaries compared to that in adrenals. Ovaries from rats not only exhibited uptake of porcine HDL, but also were capable of using it for progesterone synthesis. Treatment with 4APP increased the adrenal uptake of HDL, but ovarian uptake was not different from that in the control group. Hypophysectomy reduced both adrenal and ovarian uptake of HDL. In adrenals only ACTH at the dose employed ameliorated reduction of HDL uptake induced by hypophysectomy, while in the ovaries, both PRL and LH reversed the effect of hypophysectomy. The effect of PRL on uptake was specific to (/sup 125/I)HDL and did not alter (/sup 125/I)albumin uptake. It is concluded that: 1) hypophysectomy reduces HDL uptake in the luteinized rat ovary; and 2) PRL and LH replacement therapy maintain ovarian uptake of HDL, suggesting a direct effect of these luteotropins on lipoprotein uptake.

/sup 125/I-Labeled receptor ligands can be synthesized with specific activities exceeding 2000 Ci/mmol, making them nearly 70-fold more sensitive in receptor site assays than (mono) tritiated ligands. We have synthesized and characterized /sup 125/I-lysergic acid diethylamide (/sup 125/I-LSD), the first radioiodinated ligand for serotonin receptor studies. The introduction of /sup 125/I at the 2 position of LSD increased both the affinity and selectivity of this compound for serotonin 5-HT/sub 2/ receptors in rat cortex. The high specific activity of /sup 125/I-LSD and its high ratio of specific to nonspecific binding make this ligand especially useful for autoradiographic studies of serotonin receptor distribution. We have found that /sup 125/I-LSD binds with high affinity to a class of serotonin receptors in the CNS of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica.

The hydrophobic, photoreactive probe 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-(/sup 125/I)iodophenyl) diazirine ((/sup 125/I)TID) labels apo-bovine alpha-lactalbumin but much less his Ca2+-form. The labeling of the apo-form is strong at protein concentrations of 0.5 mg ml-1 and increases with increasing concentration. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of NaCl, decrease the labeling of apo-alpha-lactalbumin with (/sup 125/I)TID.

Iodinated human growth hormone (( /sup 125/I)hGH) binds to both specific and nonspecific sites on the surface of adipocytes isolated from the epididymal fat of normal rats. When adipocytes were incubated at 37 C with 1 nM (/sup 125/I)hGH, specific binding increased for 30-60 min and thereafter remained approximately constant as long as the hormone was present in the medium. About 90% of the /sup 125/I released was soluble in 5% trichloroacetic acid and was in the form of iodotyrosine. The rate of /sup 125/I release from specific binding sites decreased by a factor of 4 when the temperature was lowered from 37 to 17 C. Replacement of some of the sodium chloride in the buffer with 25 mM ammonium chloride had little or no effect on the amount on /sup 125/I that bound to cells when (/sup 125/I)hGH was present in the medium, but completely blocked the release of /sup 125/I from cells transferred to hormone-free medium. Ammonium chloride also significantly reduced both the release of /sup 125/I from nonspecific binding sites and the amount of /sup 125/I recovered in trichloroacetic acid-soluble form. Cloroquine, leupeptin, or colchicine nearly doubled the specific binding of (/sup 125/I)hGH after 180 min and markedly slowed the release of /sup 125/I when cells were transferred to hormone-free medium. All of these agents also significantly reduced the rate of release of /sup 125/I from nonspecific binding sites. Incubation of adipose tissue from hypophysectomized rats with ammonium chloride, leupeptin, or colchicine failed to alter the ability of GH to increase glucose oxidation, induce refractoriness, or promote lipolysis in the presence of theophylline.

The rates of internalization and degradation of /sup 125/-I-labeled desialylated cyanogen bromide fragment I of orosomucoid (AS-CNBr-I) and its reduced and carboxymethylated derivative (AS-RC-CNBr-I) were compared with those of /sup 125/I-labeled asialoorosomucoid (ASOR) in rat hepatocytes. At 30 nM the rates of internalization and degradation of /sup 125/I-AS-CNBr-I were greater than those of /sup 125/I-ASOR. /sup 125/I-AS-RC-CNBr-I also had a lower rate of internalization and degradation. In contrast to /sup 125/I-ASOR, when degradation was inhibited by 5 ..mu..M colchicine there was a significant intracellular accumulation of the smaller ligands. At 4/sup 0/C the hepatocytes were found to bind the fragmented ligands more than /sup 125/I-ASOR. Incubation of the cells with bound ligand at 37/sup 0/ indicated that diacytosis of /sup 125/I-ASOR was greater than the smaller ligands. Colchincine markedly enhanced diacytosis of /sup 125/I-ASOR. On the other hand, there were marked accumulation of the smaller ligands by colchicine. These results suggest that the rates of internalization, degradation and diacytosis of the ligand are affected by the size and conformation of the ligand through different rates of receptor binding and intracellular transport.

The membrane characteristics controlling {sup 125}I and {sup 36}Cl transport across anion-exchange paper membranes are examined using three different paper membranes treated with different anion exchange groups: a trimethylhydroxypropylamino group, a diethylaminoethyl group, and a 50% quaternary diethylaminoethyl group. The membrane permeability for {sup 125}I is higher than that for {sup 36}Cl in all cases. Treatment with trimethylhydroxypropylamino group improves the {sup 125}I diffusion process, and the use of 50% quaternary diethylaminoethyl group improves the {sup 125}I solution/membrane distribution process.

Objectives This study sought to assess the impact of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation on clinical outcomes among patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Background TAVI is associated with atrioventricular-conduction abnormalities requiring PPM implantation in up to 40% among patients treated with self-expanding prostheses. Methods Between 2007 and 2010, 353 consecutive patients (mean age: 82.6 ± 6.1 years, log EuroSCORE: 25.0 ± 15.0%) with severe aortic stenosis underwent transfemoral TAVI at 2 institutions. Clinical outcomes were compared among 3 groups: (1) patients requiring PPM implantation after TAVI (PPM after TAVI), (2) patients without PPM before or after TAVI (no PPM), and (3) patients with PPM before TAVI (PPM before TA...

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a novel treatment for high risk or inoperable patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. However, significant atrioventricular (AV) conduction system abnormalities requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation might complicate this procedure. We used best subsets logistic regression analysis to identify the independent predictors for the development of high-degree AV block (HDAVB) among 70 patients who underwent TAVI at 3 referral centers in Israel from 2008 to 2010. The mean age of the study patients was 83 ± 4.6 years. Of the 70 patients, 28 (40%) developed AV conduction abnormalities requiring PPM implantation within 14 days (median 2) of the procedure. The indications for PPM implantation were HDAVB (n = 25), new-onset ...

Background: Conduction abnormalities are frequent after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the CoreValve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) and are often treated with liberal permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. Our aim was to assess the 1-year outcome of a conservative approach to pacing and to identify its predictors. Methods: We analyzed 275 consecutive patients without a PPM before transcatheter aortic valve implantation who underwent successful CoreValve implantation at our 3 centers, sharing a conservative approach to pacing. Results: Of the 47 patients (17.1%) who developed postprocedural complete atrioventricular block, 14 recovered spontaneous atrioventricular conduction <72 hours and did not receive a PPM. Sixty-six patients (24.0%) received a PPM before discharge, and 74 ...

(Leu-B25)insulin is a low affinity insulin analog which does not increase the rate of dissociation of /sup 125/I-insulin from insulin receptors (i.e. does not display negative cooperativity). We have studied the characteristics of binding of this analog to IM-9 cultured lymphocytes, in order to determine the contribution of negative cooperativity to the curvilinear nature of Scatchard plots typical of insulin binding data. The affinity of (LeuB25)insulin for receptors was approximately 1% that of insulin, as determined by its ability to inhibit /sup 125/I-insulin binding. Monoiodinated preparations of insulin and of (LeuB25)insulin were produced, labeled in the tyrosine at position 14 of the A chain. These /sup 125/I-TyrA14-labeled species were used in all studies. Both native insulin and a serum containing antiinsulin receptor antibodies were equally potent at inhibiting binding of /sup 125/I-(LeuB25)insulin and /sup 125/I-native insulin, suggesting that they bind to the same population of receptors. Native insulin (100 ng/ml) increased the rate of dissociation of both /sup 125/I-insulin and /sup 125/I-(LeuB25)insulin. However, (LeuB25)insulin (2.5 micrograms/ml) did not increase the rates of dissociation of either /sup 125/I-insulin or /sup 125/I-(LeuB25)insulin (i.e. it did not display negative cooperativity). Competition curves and Scatchard plots were constructed using /sup 125/I-(LeuB25)insulin and unlabeled analog. Half-maximal inhibition of /sup 125/I-(LeuB25)insulin binding was seen at a (LeuB25)insulin concentration of approximately 500 ng/ml. More importantly, the Scatchard plot of these binding data was markedly curvilinear, as is typical of insulin binding data.

Purpose: To demonstrate how postimplantation analysis is useful for improving permanent seed implantation and reducing toxicity. Patients and Methods: We evaluated 197 questionnaires completed by patients after permanent seed implantation (monotherapy between 1999 and 2003). For 70% of these patients, a computed tomography was available to perform postimplantation analysis. The index doses and volumes of the dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were determined and categorized with respect to the date of implantation. Differences in symptom scores relative to pretherapeutic status were analyzed with regard to follow-up times and DVH descriptors. Acute and subacute toxicities in a control group of 117 patients from an earlier study (June 1999 to September 2001) by Wust et al. (2004) were compared with a matched subgroup from this study equaling 110 patients treated between October 2001 and August 2003. Results: Improved performance, identifying a characteristic time dependency of DVH parameters (after implantation) and toxicity scores, was demonstrated. Although coverage (volume covered by 100% of the prescription dose of the prostate) increased slightly, high-dose regions decreased with the growing experience of the users. Improvement in the DVH and a reduction of toxicities were found in the patient group implanted in the later period. A decline in symptoms with follow-up time counteracts this gain of experience and must be considered. Urinary and sexual discomfort was enhanced by dose heterogeneities (e.g., dose covering 10% of the prostate volume, volume covered by 200% of prescription dose). In contrast, rectal toxicities correlated with exposed rectal volumes, especially the rectal volume covered by 100% of the prescription dose. Conclusion: The typical side effects occurring after permanent seed implantation can be reduced by improving the dose distributions. An improvement in dose distributions and a reduction of toxicities were identified with elapsed time between 1999 and 2003.

An accelerated Monte Carlo code [Monte Carlo dose calculation for prostate implant (MCPI)] is developed for dose calculation in prostate brachytherapy. MCPI physically simulates a set of radioactive seeds with arbitrary positions and orientations, merged in a three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous phantom representing the prostate and surrounding tissue. MCPI uses a phase space data source-model to account for seed self-absorption and seed anisotropy. A "hybrid geometry" model (full 3D seed geometry merged in 3D mesh of voxels) is used for rigorous treatment of the interseed attenuation and tissue heterogeneity effects. MCPI is benchmarked against the MCNP5 code for idealized and real implants, for 103Pd and 125I seeds. MCPI calculates the dose distribution (2-mm voxel mesh) of a 103Pd implant (83 seeds) with 2% average statistical uncertainty in 59 s using a single Pentium 4 PC (2.4 GHz). MCPI is more than 10(3) and 10(4) times faster than MCNP5 for prostate dose calculations using 2- and 1-mm voxels, respectively. To illustrate its usefulness, MCPI is used to quantify the dosimetric effects of interseed attenuation, tissue composition, and tissue calcifications. Ignoring the interseed attenuation effect or slightly varying the prostate tissue composition may lead to 6% decreases of D100, the dose delivered to 100% of the prostate. The presence of calcifications, covering 1%-5% of the prostate volume, decreases D80, D90, and D100 by up to 32%, 37%, and 58%, respectively. In conclusion, sub-minute dose calculations, taking into account all dosimetric effects, are now possible for more accurate dose planning and dose assessment in prostate brachytherapy. PMID:16475768

Transthoracic 2-dimensional (D) echocardiography (echo) is often used to assess tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after implantation of permanent pacemakers. However, its ability to define the precise anatomical relationship between the tricuspid valve and the pacemaker lead is quite limited. This report presents a 58-year-old male with aggravation of TR after pacemaker implantation for heart block. Three-D echo precisely depicted the entrapment of the lead shaft in the fused and fibrotic septal and posterior tricuspid leaflets. The patient underwent tricuspid valve annuloplasty and the symptoms of right heart failure improved soon after the operation. (Circ J 2007; 71: 1169 - 1171)   

We present three cases of fixated vascular injection ports. Two patients had cystic fibrosis and one had an immunological defect. All catheters were made from polyurethane and implanted in adolescent patients. Indwelling time were 6-8 years. One patient's catheter was entirely integrated in the vessel wall and impossible to remove. In the other two cases, catheters were removed with great difficulty by the interventional radiologists. These cases raise important questions concerning the maximum indwelling time and the choice of catheter material when implanting permanent central venous catheters (CVCs) in adolescents. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of not breaking a CVC in the attempt to remove it.

A 69-year-old female suffering from third-degree atrioventricular block with syncope underwent permanent pacemaker implantation. However, she developed shortness of breath 2 months after the implantation. Blood tests revealed elevated levels of LDH, CRP, BNP, and SIL-2R. Transthoracic echocardiography showed thickened left and right atrial walls with mild pericardial effusion. A diagnosis was made based on a CT scan and histology. Although most primary cardiac malignant lymphomas are associated with a poor prognosis, the patient was treated successfully with chemotherapy.   

ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to present histological and immunohistochemical evidence showing the regenerative capacity of swine dental pulp stem cells (S-DPSCs) seeded on organic or synthetic scaffolds and implanted as hybrid root implants in the jaw bone of minipigs. MethodsImmature permanent incisor teeth and unerupted premolars at the early root-forming stage were extracted from three 7-month-old minipigs, and mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells were isolated from dental pulp. Cells were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. A year later, new permanent incisor and premolar teeth were extracted; pulp tissue was removed; and pieces of root canals of the extracted teeth, containing collagen or Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds seeded with the autologous cryopreserved DPS...

Aim This study seeks to identify the optimal management strategy for patients with syncope in the context of bifascicular block and preserved left ventricular systolic function. Methods and results This multicentre, randomized, open label, parallel group pragmatic randomized trial will test the hypothesis that a strategy of empiric permanent pacemaker implantation in patients with syncope and bifascicular heart block improves future outcome more effectively than a strategy of therapy guided by prolonged monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR). A total of 120 patients with bifascicular block, preserved left ventricular function, and ?1 syncopal spell in the preceding year will be randomized to receive a permanent pacemaker or ILR in at least 20 centres in Canada, the USA, ...

Background and Objective: Unexpected venous occlusions or anatomic variants are encountered during de novo transvenous lead implantation. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of venous abnormalities in patients undergoing de novo permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation by the transvenous approach. Methods: The study involved 653 consecutive patients who underwent de novo PPM implantation. During the procedure, the venous network of the arms was evaluated using intravenous angiography. Results: Complete venous occlusion was observed in 5 of the 653 patients (0.77%). The lead was implanted on the right opposite site in 4 patients. There were a history of central catheter insertion in four patients, prior thoracic surgery in three, and chemotherapy in two. A persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) was observed in 4 patients (0.61%). PPM was implanted from the right opposite side in 2 patients. All PLSVC patients showed normal chest radiographs, but 3 of the 4 patients showed coronary sinus dilatation on echocardiography. Conclusions: Patients requiring transvenous pacing lead implantation rarely exhibit venous abnormalities. However, venous occlusion should be taken into consideration, particularly in patients with a history of insertion of central catheters, thoracic surgery, or chemotherapy. Careful echocardiography test for coronary sinus dilatation must be conducted to detect a PLSVC before the implantation.   

Internalization of ricin into Chinese hamster ovary cells has been investigated. Combined treatment with galactose and pronase at 0 degrees C resulted in a complete release of surface-bound [125I]ricin into the media. Galactose-pronase-resistant cell-bound [125I]ricin represents internalized ricin m...

PANC-1 human pancreatic carcinoma cells readily bound and internalized 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF). Bound 125I-labeled EGF was then partially processed to a number of high molecular weight acidic species. Percoll gradient centrifugation of cell homogenates indicated that the majority ...

Human antisera against Australia (Au) antigen have been characterized by liquid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for their precipitation of 125I-labeled Au antigen. The end-point dilutions of sera (anti-Au) which precipitated 50% of 125I-Au antigen by RIA correlated well with complement fixation titers ...

Tryptic soy broth (TSB)-grown cells of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from acute and chronic bovine mastitis bound mainly 125I-fibronectin (Fn) [corrected], whereas strains of nine species of coagulase-negative staphylococci showed a predominant interaction with 125I-collagen (Cn) [corrected] type I...

Antibody against reovirus type I must partially purified and conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The FITC-labeled antibody was then conjugated with 125I. A gamma globulin fraction of normal sera was similarly labeled with FITC followed by a 131I label. The FITC + 125I-labeled immune r...

How neurons convert the presence of factors at their axon terminals into signals that affect mechanisms in their cell bodies is unknown, but retrograde axonal transport of the factors themselves may be involved. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) have previously been shown to produce changes in cell bodies of sympathetic neurons when applied to their peripheral neurites, and it is well established that NGF is retrogradely transported along sympathetic axons. In this study we show that 125I-LIF applied to terminal neurites of rat sympathetic neurons in compartmented cultures is retrogradely transported, but at a much lower level compared to the retrograde transport of 125I-NGF. Transport of 125I-LIF was competed by cotreatment with unlabeled LIF and was blocked by cotreatment with dinitrophenol. The rate of 125I-LIF transport was independent of NGF concentration. However, both 125I-LIF and 125I-NGF transport was reduced by pretreating neurons with LIF. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that retrogradely transported radiolabel which accumulated in cell body-containing extracts following transport of both 125I-LIF and 125I-NGF consisted of intact as well as partially processed species. Radiolabel also accumulated in the medium bathing the cell bodies and migrated near the dye front on SDS-PAGE, implying that both factors were extensively degraded and released by the neurons. These results are consistent with the suggestion that the retrograde transport of LIF, as thought for NGF, may be important for retrograde signaling mechanisms. PMID:7512056

A rapid, simple, and sensitive 125I-postlabeling technique has been developed to allow detection of DNA-protein cross-links induced by environmental contaminants and carcinogens. This method is based on specific incorporation of 125I into tyrosine residues associated with DNA. Cultured Chinese hamst...

The histopathology of two patients with radiation-induced neoplasms of the brain following therapeutic irradiation for intracranial malignancies is described. The second neoplasms were an atypical meningioma and a polymorphous cell sarcoma, respectively. They occurred 12 and 23 years after irradiation (4000 rad), within the original field of irradiation. In both cases, the radiation-induced tumors were histologically distinct from the initial medulloblastomas. Both patients were retreated with local irradiation using permanent implantation of radioactive iodine-125 seeds.

Sinus node dysfunction has been reported most frequently among the adverse cardiovascular effects of lithium. In the present case, complete atrioventricular (AV) block with syncopal attacks developed secondary to lithium therapy, necessitating permanent pacemaker implantation. Serum lithium levels remained under or within the therapeutic range during the syncopal attacks. Lithium should be used with extreme caution, especially in patients with mild disturbance of AV conduction. (Circ J 2008; 72: 847 - 849)   

N-(1-Naphthyl)-N'-(3-[{sup 125}I]-iodophenyl)-N'-methylguanidine ([{sup 125}I]-CNS 1261) was synthesized as a potential radioligand to image N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. [{sup 125}I]-CNS 1261 was prepared by radioiodination of N-(1-naphthyl)-N'-(3-tributylstannylphenyl)-N'-methylguanidine using Na{sup 125}I and peracetic acid. [{sup 125}I]-CNS 1261 uptake in vivo reflected NMDA receptor distribution in normal rat brain, whereas in ischemic rat brain, uptake was markedly increased in areas of NMDA receptor activation. Radiolabeled CNS 1261 appears to be a good candidate for further development as a single photon emission computed tomography tracer in the investigation of NMDA receptor activation in cerebral ischemia.

Preparation and use of N-iodoacetyltyramine in generation of {sup 125}I-labeled compounds is described. The kinetics of alkylation of N-acetylcysteine by N-iodoacetyltyramine (k2 = 3.0 M-1 s-1) and N-chloroacetyltyramine (k2 = 0.12 M-1 s-1) indicate that N-iodoacetyltyramine is more useful for labeling sulfhydryl-containing compounds to high specific activity with {sup 125}I. Conditions for preparation of carrier-free {sup 125}I-labeled N-iodoacetyl-3-monoiodotyramine in 50% yield based on starting iodide are described. The high degree of group specificity of N-iodoacetyl-3-monoiodotyramine reaction with sulfhydryl groups is demonstrated by the high reactivity toward sulfhydryl-containing bovine serum albumin and low reactivity toward N-ethylmaleimide-blocked bovine serum albumin and IgG. {sup 125}I-labeled N-iodoacetyl-3-monoiodotyramine was also used to prepare an {sup 125}I-labeled ACTH derivative that retains full biological activity, further demonstrating the selectivity toward reactions with sulfhydryl groups.

Six children with neuroblastoma and one with ganglioneuroma received (/sup 125/I) metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) before major surgery. Uptake of (/sup 125/I)MIBG in the excised tissues was measured by scintillation counting, and the material was submitted for histopathology. The ranges of uptake of (/sup 125/I)MIBG, expressed as percent of the injected dose per gram of tissue, were as follows: for neuroblastoma 0.0013-0.071, for ganglioneuroma 0.0017-0.0028, and for non-neoplastic control tissues 0.0002-0.011. The quantitative uptake of (/sup 125/I)MIBG by neuroblastoma varied between different patients and between different parts of individual tumors. The more undifferentiated tumors took up more (/sup 125/I)MIBG and may be more likely to respond to targeted radiotherapy with MIBG.

Aims: High rates of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation are reported after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using the Medtronic CoreValve® system. The Accutrak™ catheter is designed to allow a?more predictable landing zone. Little is known about the real clinical impact of this catheter. The aims of this paper were to describe the potential impact of the Accutrak™ catheter on the accuracy of positioning a 26 or 29 mm CoreValve® across the aortic annulus and its impact on the need for a?pacemaker. Methods and results: A?total of 134 patients were treated with the CoreValve® Accutrak™ system at two French centres (Lille and Toulouse). Mean age was 82.4±4.7 years; logistic EuroSCORE was 24.3±9.5%. Procedural success rate was 99.2%; mean depth of implantation was 4.9?mm. A?final position between 0 and 6?mm was achieved in 85.8% of the patients. All-cause mortality at 30 days was 6%. The PPM implantation rate was 10.6%. Due to a?limited number of events, we could not identify any predictor of need for a PPM: pre-existing right bundle branch block (RBBB) (OR 2.72 [0.63-11.87], p=ns), use of a 29 mm prosthesis (OR 2.73 [0.33-22.90], p=ns) and left ventricular septal hypertrophy (OR 2.63 [0.08-83.32], p=ns). Conclusions: In this cohort of patients treated with the CoreValve® Accutrak™ system, the incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation was low, which may be a?consequence of an average small implantation depth. The Accutrak™ catheter seems to be helpful in achieving higher and more predictable implants. Operators could standardise their technique to place the CoreValve® prostheses less than 6 mm below the aortic annulus. PMID:22706377

Patients with nonrestorable or missing anterior teeth are typically seen by their general or pediatric dentist who directs the course of consultation, referral, and treatment. In the mixed dentition stage, loss of permanent maxillary incisors is usually treated by various forms of removable/fixed prosthetic appliances. Because premolars are developing during this time period, transplantation of an available premolar to an incisor position is a viable alternative, that may provide a better biological substitute for a missing incisor than other choices. The purpose of this case report was to describe the treatment of the loss of a permanent maxillary central incisor by transplantation of a maxillary first premolar to the incisor position. Autotransplantation allowed normal alveolar bone development and a future option of permanent restoration without implants or partial dentures. Autotransplantation should be given consideration as a reasonable option for the treatment of missing incisors in mixed dentition. PMID:18481582

The catabolism of streptokinase (SK) and polyethylene glycol derivatives of SK (PEG-SK) were studied in mice. The clearance and catabolism of SK:plasmin (SK:Pm) and PEG-SK:Pm activator complexes were also investigated. Native 125I-SK cleared rapidly (t1/2 = 15 minutes) from the circulation, with the majority of the ligand accumulating in the liver and gastrointestinal (GI) tract and a substantial fraction also localizing in the kidneys. SK, which was removed from the plasma by the liver, was secreted into bile and then the GI tract. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated that 125I-SK recovered from liver and bile was homogeneous and of the same molecular weight (mol wt approximately 50,200) as native SK. PEG-125I-SK cleared slowly (t1/2 greater than 200 minutes), with more than 80% of the preparation localizing in liver and GI tract. The PEG-125I-SK secreted into the bile was also intact. The bile containing 125I-SK was incubated with stoichiometric amounts of plasminogen and electrophoresed under nondenaturing conditions. This study demonstrated that the secreted SK was able to form SK:Pg complexes. SDS-PAGE also showed activation of 125I-Pg that was incubated with recovered bile containing the SK. 125I-SK:Pm catabolism was also studied. In these experiments, the mol wt approximately 42,000 fragment obtained when SK is cleaved by plasmin was found in the bile. This fragment of 125I-SK was not recovered as part of a complex with plasmin, consistent with our previous observations that catabolism of SK:Pm involves transfer of the plasmin to plasma proteinase inhibitors while SK is catabolized independently. By contrast, when PEG-125I-SK:Pm was injected into mice, only intact PEG-125I-SK was found in the bile, consistent with our previous observations that the PEG derivatization blocks its degradation by plasmin.

Introduction: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth or metastasis. A method involving noninvasive detection of angiogenic activity in vivo would provide diagnostic information regarding antiangiogenic therapy targeting vascular endothelial cells as well as important insight into the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (flt-1 and KDR) system in tumor biology. We evaluated radioiodinated VEGF{sub 121}, which displays high binding affinity for KDR, and VEGF{sub 165}, which possesses high binding affinity for flt-1 and low affinity for KDR, as angiogenesis imaging agents using the LS180 tumor xenograft model. Methods: VEGF{sub 121} and VEGF{sub 165} were labeled with {sup 125}I by the chloramine-T method. Biodistribution was observed in an LS180 human colon cancer xenograft model. Additionally, autoradiographic imaging and immunohistochemical staining of tumors were performed with {sup 125}I-VEGF{sub 121}. Results: {sup 125}I-VEGF{sub 121} and {sup 125}I-VEGF{sub 165} exhibited strong, continuous uptake by tumors and the uterus, an organ characterized by angiogenesis. {sup 125}I-VEGF{sub 121} uptake in tumors was twofold higher than that of {sup 125}I-VEGF{sub 165} (9.12{+-}98 and 4.79{+-}1.08 %ID/g at 2 h, respectively). {sup 125}I-VEGF{sub 121} displayed higher tumor to nontumor (T/N) ratios in most normal organs in comparison with {sup 125}I-VEGF{sub 165}. {sup 125}I-VEGF{sub 121} accumulation in tumors decreased with increasing tumor volume. Autoradiographic and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that the difference in {sup 125}I-VEGF{sub 121} tumor accumulation correlated with degree of tumor vascularity. Conclusion: Radioiodinated VEGF{sub 121} is a promising tracer for noninvasive delineation of angiogenesis in vivo.

We have synthesized 16 alpha-iodo-4,9-estradien-17 beta-ol-3-one (delta 9-16 alpha-iodo-19-nortestosterone (delta 9-INT)) labeled with 125I (delta 9-(16 alpha-125I)INT) to provide a new gamma-emitting photoaffinity ligand for the progesterone receptor that has many advantages over the currently available (3H)R5020. We have characterized the interaction of delta 9-(16 alpha-125I)INT with the rabbit uterine progesterone receptor and have demonstrated the usefulness of this compound for studies of receptor structure. The binding of 2 nM (3H)progesterone to receptor in rabbit uterine cytosol was specifically competed for by 19-nortestosterone, 16 alpha-iodo-19-nortestosterone, and delta 9-INT. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that delta 9-(16 alpha-125I)INT and (3H)progesterone estimated the same number of binding sites in rabbit uterine cytosol, with a Kd for delta 9-(16 alpha-125I)INT of about 2.7 nM. The binding of delta 9-(16 alpha-125I)INT was inhibited by both progesterone and R5020, whereas testosterone, estradiol, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were ineffective. In cytosol, delta 9-(16 alpha-125I)INT covalently labeled the same mol wt receptor forms as (3H)R5020. Although the efficiency of cross-linking was similar for (3H)R5020 (3%) and delta 9-(16 alpha-125I)INT (4%), the radioactivity was 10-fold greater due to the higher specific activity of delta 9-(16 alpha-125I)INT and the lack of sample quench. The use of delta 9-(16 alpha-125I)INT greatly increases the sensitivity and efficiency of the photoaffinity labeling technique; it will provide a valuable tool for further studies of the progesterone receptor, allowing the detection of receptor in dilute cytosol after gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions.

1. Specific binding sites for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) were investigated in rat brain areas using quantitative receptor autoradiography with {sup 125}I-Bolton-Hunter NPY ({sup 125}I-BH-NPY) and {sup 125}I-PYY, radioligands for PP-fold family peptides receptors. 2. There were no differences between localization of {sup 125}I-BH-NPY and {sup 125}I-PYY binding sites in the rat brain. High densities of the binding sites were present in the anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral septal nucleus, stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus, and area postrema. 3. In cold ligand-saturation experiments done in the presence of increasing concentrations of unlabeled NPY and PYY, {sup 125}I-BH-NPY and {sup 125}I-PYY binding to the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, layer I of the somatosensory frontoparietal cortex, molecular layer of the cerebellum, and area postrema was single and of a high affinity. There was a significant difference between the affinities of {sup 125}I-BH-NPY (Kd = 0.96 nM) and {sup 125}I-PYY binding (Kd = 0.05 nM) to the molecular layer of the cerebellum. The binding of the two radioligands to the other areas examined had the same affinities. 4. When comparing the potency of unlabeled rat pancreatic polypeptide (rPP), a family peptide of NPY and PYY, to inhibit the binding to the areas examined, rPP displaced {sup 125}I-BH-NPY and {sup 125}I-PYY binding to the area postrema more potently than it did the binding to the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, layer I of the somatosensory frontoparietal cortex, and molecular layer of the cerebellum. 5. Thus, the quantitative receptor autoradiographic method with {sup 125}I-BH-NPY and {sup 125}I-PYY revealed differences in binding characteristics of specific NPY and PYY binding sites in different areas of the rat brain. The results provide further evidence for the existence of multiple NPY-PYY receptors in the central nervous system.

Abstract in portuguese Descrevemos um caso raro de implante de marcapasso definitivo em gestante, portadora de valvopatia mitral reumática, previamente submetida à valvoplastia percutânea por cateter-balão. A paciente apresentava bloqueio atrioventricular de grau avançado, de causa não-reversível, sintomático e manifesto no 3º trimestre da gestação. Abstract in spanish Describimos un caso raro de implante de marcapaso definitivo en gestante, portadora de valvulopatía mitral reumática, previamente sometida a valvuloplastia percutánea por catéter balón La paciente presentaba bloqueo atrioventricular en grado avanzado, de causa irreversible, sintomático y manifiesto en el 3º trimestre de gestación. Abstract in english We describe a rare case of permanent pacemaker implantation in a pregnant woman with rheumatic mitral valve disease previously undergoing percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. She presented symptomatic advanced atrioventricular block of non-reversible cause and manifest in the third trimester of gestation.

The brachytherapy of prostate by permanent implants is included in the armamentarium of localized prostate cancers with external radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy. The quality evaluation of implantation is essential for the patient and the team managing him. Our retrospective work consisted in analysing the whole of dosimetry data and urinary, digestive and sexual functional results of patients treated in our centers. conclusion: the post-implantation dosimetry analysis is essential to improve the technique and to understand the evolutions. The method of scanning evaluation is difficult but is currently the most used by its accessibility. The low urinary, rectal and sexual morbidity of the brachytherapy makes of this treatment an attractive technique for the patients should be well selected. (N.C.)

Purpose We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of alternative endovascular methods to retrieve embedded optional and permanent filters in order to manage or reduce risk of long-term complications from implantation. Histologic tissue analysis was performed to elucidate the pathologic effects of chronic filter implantation. Methods We studied the safety and effectiveness of alternative endovascular methods for removing embedded inferior vena cava (IVC) filters in 10 consecutive patients over 12 months. Indications for retrieval were symptomatic chronic IVC occlusion, caval and aortic perforation, and/or acute PE (pulmonary embolism) from filter-related thrombus. Retrieval was also performed to reduce risk of complications from long-term filter implantation and to eliminate the need for li...

Objectives: -To define the incidence of stent thrombosis (ST) and/or AMI (ST/AMI) associated with temporary or permanent suspension of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after coronary drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in -real-world- patients, and additional factors influencing these events. Background: -Adherence to DAPT is critical for avoiding ST following DES implantation. However, the outcomes of patients undergoing antiplatelet therapy withdrawal following DES implantation remain to be clearly described. Methods: -Patients receiving DES from 05/01/2003 to 05/01/2008 were identified from a single-center registry. Complete follow-up data were available for 5,681 patients (67% male, age 66--11 years, duration 1,108-446 days) who were included in this analysis. Results: -Uninterrupted...

Abstract in spanish Introducción: La braquiterapia prostática con semillas de I125 está indicada en pacientes con cáncer de próstata organoconfinado. Nuestro objetivo es describir la población tratada en nuestra institución mediante implante permanente con semillas de I125, las características dosimétricas de la técnica y los resultados preliminares de nuestra serie en cuanto a evolución y toxicidad. Material y métodos: Entre mayo 2000 y marzo de 2003 fueron tratados 130 paciente (more) s con implante permanente transperineal de semillas de I125. Previamente a todos se les realizó volumetría mediante una ecografía prostática transrectal para determinar la configuración del implante, número de semillas y su localización en la próstata con el fin de obtener una adecuada cobertura del PTV (planed target volume o volumen planificado para tratar). Distribución por estadios: 75,72% T1c; 24,28% T2a. Gleason Abstract in english Introduction: The prostate brachitherapy with I125 seeds has an indication in patients with organconfined prostate cancer. Our objective is to describe the population trated in our institution with permanent I125 seeds implants, the dosimetric characteristics of the technique and the preliminary results of our group-study in terms of evolution and toxicity. Material and methods: Between May 2000 and March 2003, a 130 patients with permanent implants of I125 seeds were tra (more) ted. Beforehand we did prostate volumetric with transrectum prostate ecography in order to asses the configuration of the implant, number of seeds and their place in the prostate with the objective to get a fine coverage of PTV (planet target volume). Stage distribution: 75.72% T1c; 24.28% T2a. Gleason

Background and Objectives The growing implantations of electrophysiological devices in the context of increasing rates of chronic antithrombotic therapy in cardiovascular disease patients underscore the importance of an effective periprocedural prophylactic strategy for prevention of bleeding complications. We assessed the risk of significant bleeding complications in patients receiving anti-platelet agents or anticoagulants at the time of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. Subjects and Methods We reviewed bleeding complications in patients undergoing PPM implantation. The use of aspirin or clopidogrel was defined as having taking drugs within 5 days of the procedure and warfarin was changed to heparin before the procedure. A significant bleeding complication was defined as a bleeding incident requiring pocket exploration or blood transfusion. Results Permanent pacemaker implantations were performed in 164 men and 96 women. The mean patient age was 73±11 years old. Among the 260 patients, 14 patients took warfarin (in all of them, warfarin was changed to heparin at least 3 days before procedure), 54 patients took aspirin, 4 patients took clopidogrel, and 25 patients took both. Significant bleeding complications occurred in 8 patients (3.1%), all of them were patients with heparin bridging (p<0.0001). Heparin bridging markedly increased the length of required hospital stay when compare with other groups and the 4 patients (1.5%) that underwent the pocket revision for treatment of hematoma. Conclusion This study suggests that hematoma formation after PPM implantation was rare, even among those who had taken the anti-platelet agents. The significant bleeding complications frequently occurred in patients with heparin bridging therapy. Therefore, heparin bridging therapy was deemed as high risk for significant bleeding complication in PPM implantation. PMID:15764641

Hepatic microsomes isolated from untreated male rats or from rats pretreated with phenobarbital (PB) or 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) were labeled with the hydrophobic, photoactivated reagent 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-(/sup 125/I)iodophenyl)diazirine ((/sup 125/I)TID). (/sup 125/I)TID incorporation into 3-MC- and PB-induced liver microsomal protein was enhanced 5- and 8-fold, respectively, relative to the incorporation of (/sup 125/I)TID into uninduced liver microsomes. The major hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 forms inducible by PB and 3-MC, respectively designated P-450s PB-4 and BNF-B, were shown to be the principal polypeptides labeled by (/sup 125/I)TID in the correspondingly induced microsomes. Trypsin cleavage of (/sup 125/I)TID-labeled microsomal P-450 PB-4 yielded several radiolabeled fragments, with a single labeled peptide of Mr approximately 4000 resistant to extensive proteolytic digestion. The following experiments suggested that TID binds to the substrate-binding site of P-450 PB-4. (/sup 125/I)TID incorporation into microsomal P-450 PB-4 was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the P-450 PB-4 substrate benzphetamine. In the absence of photoactivation, TID inhibited competitively about 80% of the cytochrome P-450-dependent 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation catalyzed by PB-induced microsomes with a Ki of 10 microM; TID was a markedly less effective inhibitor of the corresponding activity catalyzed by microsomes isolated from uninduced or beta-naphthoflavone-induced livers.

Povidone-iodine solution is widely used to disinfect the skin surface or prevent suppuration during human and animal surgery. Using radioisotope 125I, we examined whether iodine may be absorbed and then concentrated in the thyroid gland when povidone-iodine solution is applied to the skin of rats or mice. The competition for 125I uptake was examined in mice and rats after the application of povidone iodine to the skin. We also traced the process of absorbed 125I in the thyroid gland during the fixation for tissue preparations. Povidone-iodine applied to the skin significantly reduced the uptake of 125I both in mice and rats. Significant flux of 125I from the thyroid gland in povidone-iodine treated animals was noted during the thyroid fixation of tissue preparations. From these results, povidone-iodine application to the skin instead of stable KI administration may be practical for preventing the uptake of 125I by the thyroid gland during 125I compound administration for medical therapy. In animal experiments concerning thyroid functions, careful attention must be paid when povidone-iodine is used for disinfection in animal surgery.   

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor binding sites have been localized in the rat brain by in vitro autoradiography using picomolar concentrations of both 125I-NPY and 125I-peptide YY (PYY) and new evidence provided for differentially localized receptor subtypes. Equilibrium binding studies using membranes indicate that rat brain contains a small population of high-affinity binding sites and a large population of moderate-affinity binding sites. 125I-PYY (10 pM) is selective for high-affinity binding sites (KD = 23 pM), whereas 10 pM 125I-NPY labels both high- and moderate-affinity sites (KD = 54 pM and 920 pM). The peptide specificity and affinity of these ligands in autoradiographic experiments match those seen in homogenates. Binding sites for 125I-PYY are most concentrated in the lateral septum, stratum oriens, and radiatum of the hippocampus, amygdala, piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, several thalamic nuclei, including the reuniens and lateral posterior nuclei, and substantia nigra, pars compacta, and pars lateralis. In the brain stem, 125I-PYY sites are densest in a variety of nuclei on the floor of the fourth ventricle, including the pontine central grey, the supragenual nucleus, and the area postrema. 125I-NPY binding sites are found in similar areas, but relative levels of NPY binding and PYY binding differ regionally, suggesting differences in sites labeled by the two ligands. These receptor localizations resemble the distribution of endogenous NPY in some areas, but others, such as the hypothalamus, contain NPY immunoreactivity but few binding sites.

Thyroid glands from turtles (Chrysemys dorbigni) pretreated with potassium iodide were incubated with /sup 125/I-insulin in the presence or absence of unlabeled insulin, in order to study its specific uptake. At 24 degrees, the specific uptake reached a plateau at 180 min of incubation. The dose of bovine insulin that inhibited 50% of the /sup 125/I-insulin uptake was 2 micrograms/ml of incubation medium. Most of the radioactive material (71%) extracted from the gland, after 30 min incubation with /sup 125/I-insulin, eluted in the same position as labeled insulin on Sephadex G-50. Only 24% eluted in the salt position. After 240 min incubation, increased amount of radioactivity appeared in the Na/sup 125/I position. When bovine insulin was added together with the labeled hormone, a substantial reduction of radioactivity was observed in the insulin and Na/sup 125/I elution positions. Dissociation studies were performed at 6 degrees in glands preincubated with /sup 125/I-insulin either at 24 or 6 degrees. The percentage of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble radioactive material in the dissociation medium increased with incubation time at both temperatures. However, the degradation activity was lower at 6 than at 24 degrees. The addition of bovine insulin to the incubation buffer containing /sup 125/I-insulin reduced the radioactive degradation products in the dissociated medium. Chloroquine or bacitracin inhibited the degradation activity. Incubation of thyroid glands with /sup 125/I-hGH or /sup 125/I-BSA showed values of uptake, dissociation, and degradation similar to those experiments in which an excess of bovine insulin was added together with the labeled hormone. Thus, by multiple criteria, such as specific uptake, dissociation, and degradation, the presence of insulin-binding sites in the turtle thyroid gland may be suggested.

The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) has a variety of effects in brain, including induction of fever, alteration of slow wave sleep, and alteration of neuroendocrine activity. To examine the potential sites of action of IL-1 in brain, we used iodine-125-labeled recombinant human interleukin-1 (( 125I)IL-1) to identify and characterize IL-1 receptors in crude membrane preparations of mouse (C57BL/6) hippocampus and to study the distribution of IL-1-binding sites in brain using autoradiography. In preliminary homogenate binding and autoradiographic studies, (125I)IL-1 alpha showed significantly higher specific binding than (125I)IL-1 beta. Thus, (125I)IL-1 alpha was used in all subsequent assays. The binding of (125I)IL-1 alpha was linear over a broad range of membrane protein concentrations, saturable, reversible, and of high affinity, with an equilibrium dissociation constant value of 114 +/- 35 pM and a maximum number of binding sites of 2.5 +/- 0.4 fmol/mg protein. In competition studies, recombinant human IL-1 alpha, recombinant human IL-1 beta, and a weak IL-1 beta analog. IL-1 beta +, inhibited (125I)IL-1 alpha binding to mouse hippocampus in parallel with their relative bioactivities in the T-cell comitogenesis assay, with inhibitory binding affinity constants of 55 +/- 18, 76 +/- 20, and 2940 +/- 742 pM, respectively; rat/human CRF and human tumor necrosis factor showed no effect on (125I)IL-1 alpha binding. Autoradiographic localization studies revealed very low densities of (125I)IL-1 alpha-binding sites throughout the brain, with highest densities present in the molecular and granular layers of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in the choroid plexus. Quinolinic acid lesion studies demonstrated that the (125I)IL-1 alpha-binding sites in the hippocampus were localized to intrinsic neurons.

Iodinated recombinant human nerve growth factor (125I-rhNGF) stimulated neurite formation in PC12 cell cultures with a half-maximal potency of 35-49 pg/ml, compared with 39-52 pg/ml for rhNGF. In quantitative ligand autoradiography, the in vitro equilibrium binding of 125I-rhNGF to brain sections showed a 10-fold regional variation in density and was saturable, reversible, and specifically displaced by up to 74% with rhNGF or murine NGF (muNGF). At equilibrium, 125I-rhNGF bound to these sites with high affinity and low capacity (Bmax less than or equal to 13.2 fmol/mg of protein). Calculation of 125I-rhNGF binding affinity by kinetic methods gave average Kd values of 24 and 31 pM. Computer-generated maps revealed binding in brain regions not identified previously with 125I-muNGF, including hippocampus; dentate gyrus; amygdala; paraventricular thalamus; frontal, parietal, occipital, and cingulate cortices; nucleus accumbens; olfactory tubercle; subiculum; pineal gland; and medial geniculate nucleus. NGF binding sites were distributed in a 2-fold increasing medial-lateral gradient in the caudate-putamen and a 2-fold lateral-medial gradient in the nucleus accumbens. 125I-rhNGF binding sites were also found in most areas labeled by 125I-muNGF, including the interpedunucular nucleus, cerebellum, forebrain cholinergic nuclei, caudoventral caudate-putamen, and trigeminal nerve nucleus. 125I-rhNGF binding sites were absent from areas replete with low-affinity NGF binding sites, including circumventricular organs, myelinated fiber bundles, and choroid plexus. The present analysis provides an anatomical differentiation of high-affinity 125I-rhNGF binding sites and greatly expands the number of brain structures that may respond to endogenous NGF or exogenously administered rhNGF.

A procedure is described for the radioiodination of proteins using an iodinated derivative of N-succinimidyl 3-(tri-n-butylstannyl) benzoate (ATE). Adequate removal of unreacted ATE from (/sup 125/I)ATE was necessary for optimal protein radioiodination. Labelling efficiencies of greater than 60% could be obtained after a 20 min incubation of goat IgG with (/sup 125/I)ATE at 4/sup 0/C. Paired-label experiments with goat IgG labeled with /sup 125/I using ATE and /sup 131/I using Iodogen demonstrated that use of the ATE reagent for protein labeling significantly reduced (P < 0.005) the thyroid uptake of radioiodine.

The genetic probe labeled with positron emitter for monitoring tumor cells transfacted by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene has been intensively studied. A useful synthetic methodology was developed to synthesize (E)-5-[2-(tributylstannyl)vinyl]arabinosyl uridine (TSVAU) and to radiolabel (E)-5-{2-[125I]iodovinyl}arabinosyl uridine (IVAU) substrate for herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase gene. The synthesis started from arabinosyl uridine via six steps to provide TSVAU in 18% yield. The subsequent radiolabeling with Na[125I]I under oxidation provided [125I]IVAU in 80% radiochemical yield.   

Hammertoes are common deformities that are often surgically treated using arthrodesis or arthroplasty of the proximal interphalangeal joint with percutaneous, temporary Kirschner wire fixation. However, percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation is associated with potential complications, including wire migration, breakage, and pin tract infection. Furthermore, the complications of pseudoarthrosis and nonunion are seen using this technique owing to a lack of rotational control of the Kirschner wire. Another drawback of this implant is the need for wire removal and the associated patient anxiety with this in-office procedure. In the present series of 7 toes in 3 patients, we describe an alternative method of hammertoe fixation using a permanently implanted, 1-piece intramedullary device used to stabilize the proximal interphalangeal interface. The potential advantages of this prosthesis include elimination of wire migration and breakage, enhanced control and stability of the digit, elimination of potential pin tract infection, and decreased patient anxiety since hardware removal is not required. The patients were followed up for approximately 1 year after the surgery, and no intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. The implant maintained proper clinical and radiographic alignment throughout the observation period, without implant failure or breakage. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic appearance of their surgically corrected toes and were able to perform all activities of daily living without the use of assistive devices. Also, their postoperative pain and function were acceptable. The implant used in the patients described in the present report appears to be a viable alternative for the treatment of hammertoe. PMID:22632839

The present study examined the ability of dual-chamber (DDD) pacing to improve symptoms and exercise tolerance in patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HNCM). Seven patients with HNCM who had failed to benefit from pharmacotherapy participated in the study. The New York Heart Association (NHYA) functional class status and exercise tolerance, which was determined by the treadmill exercise test, were recorded and an echocardiographic observation was performed before, and 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after the implantation of a permanent DDD pacemaker. The atrioventricular delay (AVd) was determined by measuring the point of peak rapid filling velocity and maximum cardiac output (CO). Two patients were not implanted with a permanent pacemaker because their CO and blood pressure decreased or because palpitation occurred during temporary pacing. The ratio between early and late peaks of flow velocity (1.56, 1.21, 0.95, and 0.86 before implantation and 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after implantation, respectively); deceleration time (ms: 263.2, 217.6, 204.6, 187.0); peak filling rate (ml/s: 146.2, 204.0, 233.2, 243.6); NYHA functional class status (2.0, 1.8, 1.6, 1.4); and exercise tolerance (s: 203, 264, 403, 480) were significantly improved after implantation. However, left ventricular dimension, percent fractional shortening, ejection fraction, acceleration time and the isovolumic relaxation time were not changed significantly. In conclusion, DDD pacing improved symptoms and the NYHA functional class status, which is associated with improvement of left ventricular diastolic function. It is proposed that DDD pacing would be useful in patients not only with obstructive but also non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy refractory to medical treatment, depending on the careful selection of subjects. (Jpn Circ J 2001; 65: 283 - 288)   

Endocarditis and localized pocket infections are recognized as serious adverse events in patients with implanted cardiac impulse generators. We have undertaken a 10-y retrospective study in North Denmark Region (population 0.5 million) in order to elucidate the clinical spectrum, causative microorganisms, management and outcome. Infections associated with permanent pacemakers (PPM) and implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) devices were identified by searching hospital databases. Ninety-one incident cases were recorded in 1999 through 2008: 26 patients had endocarditis, 39 patients had a localized pocket infection, and 9 patients developed surgical sepsis with or without local signs immediately after implantation or reoperation; the device was the likely but unconfirmed focus of infection in 17 patients with bacteraemia. Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and other Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant causative agents; only 6 cases were culture-negative. Management included device and lead extraction and individualized antibiotic therapy. The all-cause 30-day case-fatality was 11%. Only 3 recurrences were recorded during 2 y of follow-up. In conclusion, infections associated with permanent impulse generators have a broader clinical spectrum than often reported in the literature. Most cases are culture-positive with staphylococcal predominance. The short-term mortality is notably high, but the risk of recurrence is low. PMID:20465488

The role of insulin-induced receptor autophosphorylation in its internalization was analyzed by comparing {sup 125}I-labeled insulin ({sup 125}I-insulin) internalization in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines transfected with normal (CHO.T) or mutated insulin receptors. In four cell lines with a defect of insulin-induced autophosphorylation, {sup 125}I-insulin internalization was impaired. By contrast, in CHO.T cells and in two other CHO cell lines with amino acid deletions or insertions that do not perturb autophosphorylation, {sup 125}I-insulin internalization was not affected. A morphological analysis showed that the inhibition is linked to the ligand-specific surface redistribution in which the insulin-receptor complexes leave microvilli and concentrate on nonvillous segments of the membrane where endocytosis occurs.

Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivative, 2-{[benzyl(cyanomethyl)amino]methyl}-3-(ethoxycarbonyl) quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (Q3D), was synthesized and labeled with radioiodine via direct electrophilic substitution giving labeling yield above 90%. The product was examined by paper electrophoresis. 125I-Q3D was prepared using Chloramine T as oxidizing agent. 125I-Q3D was stable for up to 72 h post labeling, in contrast to 99m Tc-AQCD which is stable only for a short time. Biodistribution study of 125I-Q3D in ascites tumor bearing mice revealed large uptake of the labeled compound in tumor sites. In addition, in vitro incubation of the labeled compound with Ehrlich cells indicated incorporation of these compounds in DNA of tumor cells. This uptake of 125I-Q3D in DNA of tumor cells may be helpful in t...

1. Acute inflammation was induced in rabbit skin by intradermal injection of arachidonic acid. 2. Inflammation was assessed by the local accumulation of intravenously-injected 125I-serum albumin (plasma extravasation) and histologically (polymorphonuclear leucocyte, PMNL infiltration). 3. Leukotrien...

At the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, a thin (76 mm diameter x 2 mm thickness) NaI (Tl) detector is used for the assessment of 125I in the thyroid of the radiation workers engaged in the preparation of radio-immunoassay kits. The detector was calibrated using a REMCAL (radiation equivalent manikin calibration) phantom with a known amount of the 125I activity filled in its thyroidal cavity. Since 125I emits low-energy photons ranging from 27 to 35.4 keV, its detection efficiency depends on several parameters such as neck-to-detector distance, detector size, unknown tissue thickness overlying (OTT) the thyroid and the shape and size of the thyroid. To account for uncertainties introduced by these factors in the estimation of 125I, a computer program based on the Monte Carlo photon transport ...

Circulating monocytes bind /sup 125/I-insulin in a specific fashion and have been used to analyze the ambient receptor status in humans. When freshly isolated circulating monocytes are incubated with /sup 125/I-insulin and examined by electron microscopic autoradiography, approximately 18% of the labeled material is internalized after 15 minutes at 37 degrees C. By 2 hours at 37 degrees C, approximately one half of the /sup 125/I-insulin is internalized. Internalization occurs also at 15 degrees C but at a slower rate. Furthermore, the monocytes bind and internalize /sup 125/I-insulin in a manner that mirrors that of major target tissues, such as rat hepatocytes. These data suggest that the insulin receptor of the circulating monocyte might be regulated by adsorptive endocytosis in a manner analogous to that of target tissue, such as the liver.

Although several COX-2 inhibitors have recently been radiolabeled, their potential for imaging COX-2 expression remains unclear. In particular, the sulfonamide moiety of COX-2 inhibitors may cause slow blood clearance of the radiotracer, due to its affinity for carbonic anhydrase (Canada) in erythrocytes. Thus, we designed a methyl sulfone-type analogue, 5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole (IMTP). In this study, the potential of radioiodinated IMTP was assessed in comparison with a {sup 125}I-labeled celecoxib analogue with a sulfonamide moiety ({sup 125}I-IATP). Methods: The COX inhibitory potency was assessed by measuring COX-catalyzed oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. The biodistribution of {sup 125}I-IMTP and {sup 125}I-IATP was determined by the ex vivo tissue counting method in rats. Distribution of the labeled compounds to rat blood cells was measured. Results: The COX-2 inhibitory potency of IMTP (IC{sub 5}=5.16 {mu}M) and IATP (IC{sub 5}=8.20 {mu}M) was higher than that of meloxicam (IC{sub 5}=29.0 {mu}M) and comparable to that of SC-58125 (IC{sub 5}=1.36 {mu}M). The IC{sub 5} ratios (COX-1/COX-2) indicated the high isoform selectivity of IMTP and IATP for COX-2. Significant levels of {sup 125}I-IMTP and {sup 125}I-IATP were observed in the kidneys and the brain (organs known to express COX-2). The blood clearance of {sup 125}I-IMTP was much faster than that of {sup 125}I-IATP. Distribution of {sup 125}I-IATP to blood cells (88.0%) was markedly higher than that of {sup 125}I-IMTP (18.1%), which was decreased by CA inhibitors. Conclusions: Our results showed a high inhibitory potency and selectivity of IMTP for COX-2. The substitution of a sulfonamide moiety to a methyl sulfone moiety effectively improved the blood clearance of the compound, indicating the loss of the cross reactivity with CA in {sup 125}I-IMTP. {sup 123}I-IMTP may be a potential SPECT radiopharmaceutical for COX-2 expression.

Gamma ray waste water radiation monitor has been improved by using multichannel analyzer. Maximum permissible concentrations of /sup 125/I are one thousandth lower than /sup 51/Cr. Above this condition, the radioactive waste water cannot be pumped out occasionally. Gamma ray energy spectrum is measured by microcomputer based multichannel analyzer by which /sup 125/I photo-peak counts is separated from other radionuclide counts. Also detecting vessel is washed with pressured fresh water to prevent contamination.

In this paper, the performance of adsorbing and retarding 125I (substituted for 129I) for mixed minerals as buffer, backfill material was investigated. The distribution coefficient Kds by batch sorption experiments were determined for four kinds of minerals and one kind of bentonite under atmosphere. Sorption and desorption of radioiodine on several minerals were studied under low oxygen ambience at first time in the domestic, and apparent diffusion coefficient Da of 125I- was determined for mixed minerals under atmosphere. The results as follows: Distribution coefficient Kds of 125I- under atmosphere: bentonite is 3.23 ml{center_dot}g-1 , chalcopyrite is 72.42 ml{center_dot}g-1 , galena is 118.9 ml{center_dot}g-1 , pyrite is 1.93 ml{center_dot}g-1 , cinnabar is 55.48 ml{center_dot}g-1 , and the corresponding Kds under low oxygen ambience: galena is 88.48 ml{center_dot}g-1 , chalcopyrite is 6.47 ml{center_dot}g-1 . when pH of solution was in the range of 2.25-12.26, Kds of 125I- on chalcopyrite , galena, pyrite and cinnabar decreased with increase of pH under atmosphere. Kds of 125I- on several minerals increased with increase of mineral ratio in mixed materials under atmosphere. Under the same condition, Kds of 125I- on chalcopyrite and galena were larger than Kds of 125IO3 -. Sorption of 125I- on galena seems to be irreversible. Apparent diffusion coefficient Da of 125I- in the mixed material was measured by the flow-through diffusion way, Da values under atmosphere was given: Da=7.29 x 10-12 m2{center_dot}s-1 .

The human platelet contains a functional 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor that appears to resemble the 5-HT2 subtype. In this study, we have used the iodinated derivative (125I)iodolysergic acid diethylamide ((125I)iodoLSD) in an attempt to label 5-HT receptors in human platelet and frontal cortex membranes under identical assay conditions to compare the sites labelled in these two tissues. In human frontal cortex, (125I)iodoLSD labelled a single high-affinity site (KD = 0.35 +/- 0.02 nM). Displacement of specific (125I)iodoLSD binding indicated a typical 5-HT2 receptor inhibition profile, which demonstrated a significant linear correlation (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001, n = 17) with that observed using (3H)ketanserin. However, (125I)iodoLSD (Bmax = 136 +/- 7 fmol/mg of protein) labelled significantly fewer sites than (3H)ketanserin (Bmax = 258 +/- 19 fmol/mg of protein) (p less than 0.001, n = 6). In human platelet membranes, (125I)iodoLSD labelled a single site with affinity (KD = 0.37 +/- 0.03 nM) similar to that in frontal cortex. The inhibition profile in the platelet showed significant correlation with that in frontal cortex (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001, n = 16). We conclude that the site labelled by (125I)iodoLSD in human platelet membranes is biochemically similar to that in frontal cortex and most closely resembles the 5-HT2 receptor subtype, although the discrepancy in binding capacities of (125I)iodoLSD and (3H)ketanserin raises a question about the absolute nature of this receptor.

Membranes isolated from a murine fibroblast B82 cell line (SKLKB82#3) transfected with the bovine stomach cDNA pSKR56S exhibited binding of [His(125I)1]neurokinin A (125I-NKA) to a single population of sites with a Bmax of 147 fmol/mg of protein and a Kd of 0.59 nM. Control cell lines had little or ...

Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is heterogenous in the vasculature with regard to heparin affinity and can be separated into three fractions: A, without affinity; B, with weak affinity; and C, with relatively strong heparin affinity. The plasma clearance of intravenously injected 125I-labeled and unlabeled human EC-SOD C was studied in rabbits. About 90% of injected 125I-EC-SOD C was eliminated from the blood within 5-10 min. Injection of heparin after 10 or 20 min led to an immediate release of all sequestered 125I-EC-SOD C back to the blood plasma. Later injections of heparin led to diminished release, although release could still be demonstrated after 72 h. A half-time of approximately 10 h could be calculated for heparin-releasable 125I-EC-SOD C. Unlabeled EC-SOD C, determined as enzymic activity and with ELISA, was likewise sequestered and released to the same degree as 125I-labeled EC-SOD C by heparin as tested at 20 min and 5 h. The immediacy of the heparin-induced release indicates that the sequestered enzyme had been bound to endothelial cell surfaces. The length of the half-time suggests that the putative cell surface binding has a physiological function and is not primarily a step in enzyme degradation. The distribution of sequestered 125I-labeled EC-SOD C to different organs was determined at times between 10 min and 24 h. Of the organs, the liver contained the most 125I-EC-SOD C, followed by kidney, spleen, heart, and lung. At all investigated times, the content in the analyzed organs was nearly as large as the amount that could be promptly released to plasma by intravenous heparin. This indicates that almost all 125I-EC-SOD C in the organs was present on endothelial cell surfaces and was not bound by other tissue cell surfaces, or was present within the cells.

Transglutaminase (TGase) substrates monodansyl cadaverine (MDC, monodansyl-1,5 diaminopentane) and methylamine (MA) and polyamines (PA) were tested for their effects on the cellular processing of radioiodinated human follicle-stimulating hormone (/sup 125/I-hFSH). Specifically bound /sup 125/I-hFSH that could be released from cells during 10-min incubation period with acidified (pH 3.9) Hanks balanced-salt solution was considered membrane-bound unsequestered hormone. The rate at which cells sequestered /sup 125/I-hFSH into cellular compartments resistant to acid dissociation depended on the length of time in which cells were incubated with hormone. Cells incubated with /sup 125/I-hFSH for 15, 60, and 120 min had half-lives of sequestration of 26, 55 and 67 min respectively. One hundred-micromolar MDC inhibited degradation of /sup 125/I-hFSH as measured by the presence of radioactivity in the medium that was soluble in trichloroacetic acid. The rate of sequestration was never slower than that of controls, indicating that MDC did not decrease the ability of Sertoli cells to sequester /sup 125/I-hFSH. Despite these two observations, radioactivity associated with cells (acid-resistant radioactivity) was lower in cells treated with MDC than in controls. No effect of MDC on specific binding of 125I-hFSH was observed. Similar results were observed with MA, albeit at higher levels (0.0025-0.0425 M), consistent with their relative potency to inhibit TGase activity. Polyamines, spermine, and putrescine also decreased cell-associated radioactivity despite decreasing degradation of hFSH. TGase substrates (MDC, MA, PA) prevented entry of sequestered 125I-hFSH into the degradative pathways of Sertoli cells. These data suggest that transglutamination may influence the fate of sequestered FSH in Sertoli cells but not the rate at which sequestration occurs.

The distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) clearance receptors in rat kidney was investigated by in vitro autoradiography using des(Gln18,Ser19,Gly20,Leu21,Gly22)-ANP-(4- 23) (C-ANP) and 125I-Tyr0-ANP-(5-25) as relatively specific ligands of this receptor. Alpha-125I-ANP (100 pM) bound reversibly but with high affinity to glomeruli, outer medullary vasa recta bundles, and inner medulla. C-ANP (10 microM) inhibited greater than 60% of this glomerular binding but did not inhibit the binding of alpha-125I-ANP to medullary tissues. Alpha-125I-ANP also bound reversibly to the renal arteries up to the glomerulus. This arterial binding was only partly inhibited by 10 microM C-ANP. In the presence of 10 microM C-ANP, increasing concentrations of alpha-125I-ANP bound to a residue of glomerular sites with apparent dissociation constants of 0.82 +/- 0.16 to 2.73 +/- 1.20 nM at different cortical levels. 125I-Tyr0-ANP-(5-25) bound significantly to glomeruli and intrarenal arteries but not to vasa recta bundles or inner medulla. This glomerular binding also occurred with nanomolar dissociation constants. It was completely inhibited by 1 microM alpha-ANP and 10 microM C-ANP, but not by unrelated peptides such as gastrin. These results suggest that renal ANP clearance receptors are restricted in vivo to the glomeruli and renal arterial system of the rat.

/sup 125/I-Lysergic acid diethylamide (/sup 125/I-LSD) is the first /sup 125/I-labeled ligand for serotonin receptor studies. Its binding to rat frontal cortex membranes is saturable, reversible, and stereospecific. Specific binding is linearly dependent on tissue concentration and represents 70-80% of the total binding. Scatchard plots of the binding data are linear with a KD of 1.5 nM, a Bmax of 12.4 fmol/mg wet weight tissue, and a Hill slope of 1.02. The binding kinetics are highly temperature-dependent. At 37 degrees C the bimolecular association rate constant is 1.28 X 10(8) min-1 M-1 and the dissociation rate constant is 0.087 min-1 (t 1/2 . 8.0 min). At 0 degrees C less than 4% dissociation occurs over 40 min and the association rate is similarly depressed. Inhibition of /sup 125/I-LSD binding by a variety of serotonergic, dopaminergic, and adrenergic ligands reveals a 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) serotonergic profile for this binding site. Regional distribution studies of /sup 125/I-LSD binding in rat brain show that areas with the highest levels of binding include the cortex and striatum. Iodinated radioligands can be synthesized with specific activities exceeding 2,000 Ci/mmol, which makes them approximately 75-fold more sensitive than tritiated radioligands. This high specific activity, coupled with the selectivity of /sup 125/I-LSD for 5-HT2 sites, makes this ligand a sensitive new probe for 5-HT2 serotonin receptors.

In vivo binding of (/sup 125/I)-2-(beta-(3-iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylaminomethyl tetralone) ((/sup 125/I)HEAT) to alpha-1 adrenoceptors in the rat brain was determined over 4 hr. Uptake in the thalamus and frontal cortex was approximately 0.1% injected dose per gram tissue. Thalamus/cerebellum ratios of 10:1 and frontal cortex/cerebellum ratios of 5:1 were found at 4 hr. Pretreatment with prazosin, an alpha-1 antagonist, completely inhibited the accumulation of (/sup 125/I)HEAT in thalamus and frontal cortex; yet uptake of radioactivity was not significantly affected by antagonists and agonists for other receptors classes (propranolol, beta-1; apomorphine, D-1; spiperone, D-2). Binding of (/sup 125/I)HEAT is saturable. At 4 hr, (/sup 125/I)HEAT or (/sup 123/I)HEAT was shown to be the only radioactive material in rat thalamus and frontal cortex. Iodine-123 HEAT and (/sup 125/I)HEAT were synthesized as radiopharmaceuticals within 3 hr in 99% radiochemical purity.

/sup 125/I-Calmodulin is internalized by isolated rat renal brush border membrane vesicles (BBV) in a time, temperature and calcium dependent manner. Internalization of /sup 125/I-calmodulin into the osmotically sensitive space of BBV was distinguished from binding of the ligand to the outer BBV surface by examining the interaction of ligand and BBV at different medium osmolarities (300-1100 mosm), uptake was inversely proportional to medium osmolarity. Internalized /sup 125/I-calmodulin was intact and Western blots of solubilized BBV with /sup 125/I-calmodulin demonstrated the presence of several calmodulin-binding proteins of 143, 118, 50, 47.5, 46.5 and 35 kilodaltons which could represent potential intravesicular binding sites for the ligand. Heparin and the related glycosaminoglycan heparin sulfate both showed a dose-dependent inhibition (0.5-50 ..mu..g/ml) of /sup 125/I-calmodulin uptake by BBV, but other sulfated and nonsulfated glycosaminoglycans including chondroitin sulfates, keratan sulfate and hyaluronic acid showed little or no inhibitory effect. Desulfation of heparin virtually abolished the inhibition of uptake while depolymerization reduced it. Heparin did not block the binding of /sup 125/I-calmodulin to BBV proteins as assessed by Western blotting technique suggesting its effect was on internalization of the ligand rather than on its association with internal membrane proteins.

Three different monoiodinated radioligands of alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) were compared in a binding assay with human D10 melanoma cells: (Tyr(125I)2)-alpha-MSH, (Tyr(125I)2,NIe4)-alpha-MSH, and (Tyr(125I)2,NIe4,D-Phe7)-alpha-MSH. They were prepared either by the classical chloramine T method or by the Enzymobead method. A simple and rapid purification scheme was developed consisting of a primary separation on reversed-phase C18 silica cartridges immediately after the iodination, followed by HPLC purification before each binding experiment. Biological testing of the three radioligands showed that they all retained high melanotropic activity in the B16 melanin assay and the Anolis melanophore assay. However, in human D10 melanoma cells, (Tyr(125I)2,NIe4)-alpha-MSH led to a high degree of non-specific binding to the cells which could not be displaced by excess alpha-MSH and only partially by (NIe4)-alpha-MSH. The (Tyr(125I)2,NIe4,D-Phe7)-alpha-MSH tracer gave similar results but with a much lower proportion of non-specific binding. On the other hand, (Tyr(125I)2)-alpha-MSH proved to be an excellent radioligand whose non-specific binding to the D10 cells was not higher than 20% of the total binding.

PurposeExternal-beam radiation therapy combined with low-doserate permanent brachytherapy are commonly used to treat men with localized prostate cancer. This Phase II trial was performed to document late gastrointestinal or genitourinary toxicity as well as biochemical control for this treatment in a multi-institutional cooperative group setting. This report defines the long-term results of this trial. Methods and MaterialsAll eligible patients received external-beam radiation (45 Gy in 25 fractions) followed 2-6 weeks later by a permanent iodine 125 implant of 108 Gy. Late toxicity was defined by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer late radiation morbidity scoring scheme. Biochemical control was defined by the American Society fo...

Abstract Aim- Increasing life expectancy will increase the number of elderly patients with faecal incontinence. The study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in patients over the age of 65-years. Method- Patients aged over 65-years, who underwent temporary SNS from 1996 for faecal incontinence unresponsive to conservative treatment, were followed prospectively. Results- Between January 1996 and December 2009, 30 patients [mean age 69.3-years (SD, 3.4)] underwent temporary SNS. Twenty-three (77%) had a >50% improvement in the St Mark-s Continence Score and progressed to permanent SNS implantation. Their mean (SD) score increased from 19 (3.2) at baseline to 8 (3.4) during temporary SNS and to 9 (3.4) 3-months after permanent SNS and 10 (3.7) at the late...

Purpose The objective of this study was to determine the mesh contracture, adhesion, tissue ingrowth, and histologic characteristics of a novel absorbable barrier mesh (Ventrio??? ST Hernia Patch) compared to existing permanent (Ventrio??? Hernia Patch) and absorbable barrier meshes (Sepramesh??? IP Composite and PROCEED??? Surgical Mesh). Methods Standard laparoscopic technique was utilized to bilaterally implant meshes in 20 female Yorkshire pigs (n = 5 pigs/group). Meshes were fixated to the intact peritoneum with SorbaFix??? absorbable fixation devices. Mesh contracture, adhesion coverage, and adhesion tenacity were evaluated after 4 weeks. T-Peel testing and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were utilized to assess tissue ingrowth and host response. Results A significantly great...

In this paper, neutron techniques – in particular, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron diffraction (ND) – are considered for the non-destructive characterization of Nitinol artery stents. This roughly equiatomic (50Ni–50Tiat%) shape memory alloy (SMA) exhibits significant properties of superelasticity and biocompatibility that make it suitable to be typically used as smart material for medical implants and devices. Nitinol self-expanding artery stents, as permanent vascular support structures, supply an ideal option to bypass surgery, but they are submitted for the whole of patient's life to the dynamical stress of the artery pulsation and the aggression from the biological environment. These stents, consequently, can suffer from wear and fracture occu...

We describe a case of advanced atrioventricular (AV) block, in which treatment with cilostazol was effective in recovering the AV conduction. The patient was referred to our hospital for close examination of the advanced AV block and permanent pacemaker implantation. Although the patient had experienced third-degree AV block with occasional AV synchrony for more than two days, the AV conduction completely recovered after treatment with oral cilostazol at 200 mg/day. Here we discuss the possible mechanism of the improvement in the AV conduction by cilostazol.   

Abstract Supernumerary teeth are frequently present in the mixed and permanent dentition and infrequently in the deciduous dentition. Such teeth may cause a delay in normal eruption, crowding and aesthetic problems. Early diagnosis facilitates simpler treatment modalities. Late diagnosis may require the use of more advanced techniques to achieve acceptable aesthetics. This article reports the late presentation of the effects of unilateral maxillary two-tooth anterior hyperdontia and its subsequent surgical management in the mature adult: dental implant replacement therapy and consecutive guided bone regeneration and tissue regeneration therapy were employed in the solution.

Permanent pacemakers are commonly used in veterinary practice and can have a dramatic effect on the treatment of heart block. A Labrador Retriever dog suffering from exercise intolerance secondary to third degree atrioventricular block was treated with a new pacemaker system. A steroid-eluting screw-in type lead that has the advantage of being more fixed to the myocardial wall without increasing the pacing threshold was used. The heart rate was regulated with an acceleration sensing pacemaker generator that included several automatic modulation systems. Nineteen months after implantation, the dog has a normal level of activity. The present case suggests that this pacemaker design may offer important advantages for canine patients.   

Objectives We sought to determine the incidence, diagnostic value, and outcome of intracardiac masses observed by echocardiography after device removal. We hypothesized that these “ghosts” of leads could be associated with the diagnosis of cardiac device–related infective endocarditis (CDRIE). Background The echocardiographic appearance of residual floating masses in the right atrium after removal of permanent pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators was recently described. However, the significance of these ghosts and their relationship with CDRIE are unknown. Methods The pre-operative clinical, microbiological, and echocardiographic conditions; the indication; and the removal technique were analyzed in a retrospective cohort including all consecutive pa...

Permanent or temporary implantation of inferior vena cava filters for protection against pulmonary embolism is well established. There have been numerous devices developed for this purpose, each of which has proprietary design considerations that affect performance and potentially impose limitations with regard to positioning, efficacy and risk profile. This article describes a recently developed, unique inferior vena cava filter design that employs a separated filtration component and a novel double-ring anchoring system that allows intraprocedural capture and repositioning for optimized placement. In addition, early experience suggests easy removal when desired, a high rate of filtration success and excellent caval patency.

Concrescence is a rare developmental anomaly with an overall incidence of 0.8% in the permanent dentition. While many case reports describe the treatment of concrescence with extraction, there are few reports of non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT), due to the atypical root form, canal morphology, and technical difficulties involved in concrescence. This unique case report describes a technical modification of NSRCT that can retain joined posterior maxillary teeth to maintain natural posterior occlusion without surgical intervention or dental implants, thereby avoiding the risk of damage to a large portion of the alveolar bone near the maxillary sinus. (J Oral Sci 54, 133-136, 2012)   

Background Children requiring permanent pacing have a lifelong need for follow-up. Epicardial leads have traditionally fared worse than endocardial counterparts. We tested the hypothesis that steroid-eluting epicardial and endocardial leads had equivalent outcomes. Methods We reviewed medical records of 148 children, mean age 8.2 ± 4.8 years, in whom a dual-chamber pacemaker system with steroid-eluting leads from a single manufacturer was implanted. Primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included freedom from lead failure and pacemaker system reintervention. Loss of capture-sensing, lead displacement-fracture, exit block, and high thresholds constituted lead failure. Reintervention included need for lead revision or generator change. Results There was no early mortality. ...

Abstract Objective: To ascertain incidence and predictors of new permanent pacemaker (PPM) following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with the self-expanding aortic bioprosthesis. Background: TAVI with the Medtronic Corevalve (MCV) Revalving System (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) has been associated with important post-procedural conduction abnormalities and frequent need for PPM. Methods: Overall, 73 consecutive patients with severe symptomatic AS underwent TAVI with the MCV at two institutions; 10 patients with previous pacemaker and 3 patients with previous aortic valve replacement were excluded for this analysis. Clinical, echocardiographic, and procedural data were collected prospectively in a dedicated database. A standard 12-lead ECG was recorded in all patients at baseli...

Clinical islet transplantation is being investigated as a permanent cure for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Currently, intraportal infusion of islets is the favoured procedure, but several novel implantation sites have been suggested. Noninvasive longitudinal methodologies are an increasingly important tool for assessing the fate of transplanted islets, their mass, function and early signs of rejection. This article reviews the approaches available for islet graft imaging by positron emission tomography and progress in the field, as well as future challenges and opportunities.

Hammertoes are common deformities that are often surgically treated using arthrodesis or arthroplasty of the proximal interphalangeal joint with percutaneous, temporary Kirschner wire fixation. However, percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation is associated with potential complications, including wire migration, breakage, and pin tract infection. Furthermore, the complications of pseudoarthrosis and nonunion are seen using this technique owing to a lack of rotational control of the Kirschner wire. Another drawback of this implant is the need for wire removal and the associated patient anxiety with this in-office procedure. In the present series of 7 toes in 3 patients, we describe an alternative method of hammertoe fixation using a permanently implanted, 1-piece intramedullary device used to s...

New high performance polymers have been developed that challenge traditional encapsulation materials for permanent active medical implants. The gold standard for hermetic encapsulation for implants is a titanium enclosure which is sealed using laser welding. Polymers may be an alternative encapsulation material. Although many polymers are biocompatible, and permeability of polymers may be reduced to acceptable levels, the ability to create a hermetic join with an extended life remains the barrier to widespread acceptance of polymers for this application. This article provides an overview of the current techniques used for direct bonding of polymers, with a focus on thermoplastics. Thermal bonding methods are feasible, but some take too long and/or require two stage processing. Some methods are not suitable because of excessive heat load which may be delivered to sensitive components within the capsule. Laser welding is presented as the method of choice; however the establishment of suitable laser process parameters will require significant research. PMID:20570545

Surgeons are commonly confronted with breast contour deformities and defects that result from previous surgical interventions. These soft tissue deformities can be corrected by conventional reconstructive flap surgery using autologous tissue, but there can be donor site morbidity. Smaller volume replacement is possible using temporary fillers such as hyaluronic acid or polylactic acid, or by using 'permanent' fillers such as autologous fat, but large defects are notoriously difficult to fill and often the fillers resorb or migrate. The patient described in this case report had an exchange of polyurethane implant (PU) in the left breast and correction of a contralateral breast contour filling deformity. A left breast partial capsulectomy was performed after implant removal and the capsule g...

Normal rhythms originate in the sino-atrial node, a specialized cardiac tissue consisting of only a few thousands of pacemaker cells. Malfunction of pacemaker cells due to diseases or aging leads to rhythm generation disorders (for example, bradycardias and sick-sinus syndrome (SSS)), which often necessitate the implantation of electronic pacemakers. Although effective, electronic devices are associated with such shortcomings as limited battery life, permanent implantation of leads, lead dislodging, the lack of autonomic responses and so on. Here, various gene- and cell-based approaches, with a particular emphasis placed on the use of pluripotent stem cells and the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated-encoded pacemaker gene family, that have been pursued in the past decade to reconstruct bio-artificial pacemakers as alternatives will be discussed in relation to the basic biological insights and translational regenerative potential. PMID:15825873

Objective To evaluate the accuracy, utility, and cost effectiveness of a new electromagnetic patient positioning and continuous, real-time monitoring system, which uses permanently implanted resonant transponders in the target (Calypso® 4D Localization System and Beacon® transponders, Seattle, WA) to continuously monitor tumor location and movement during external beam radiation therapy of the prostate. Materials and methods This clinical trial studied 43 patients at 5 sites. All patients were implanted with 3 transponders each. In 41 patients, the system was used for initial alignment at each therapy session. Thirty-five patients had continuous monitoring during their radiation treatment. Over 1,000 alignment comparisons were made to a commercially available kV X-ray positio...

Summary INTRODUCTION: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate late toxicity and biochemical disease-free survival of patients with primary localised prostate cancer, who had been treated with permanent seed implantation at the radiotherapy department of the Medical University of Vienna. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 08/1999 and 11/2006 100 patients were treated with ultrasound guided transperineal seed implantation (94 patients with Iodine and 6 patients with Palladium). 53 patients received additional hormone therapy. According to T-stage, Gleason Score and PSA, patients were divided into three risk groups (low, intermediate and high risk). Late gastrointestinal and genitourinary side effects and biochemical disease-free survival were evaluated. RESULTS: The patients were fol...

Aims of the study: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become an established treatment for severe aortic stenosis in patients with unacceptable high-surgical risk. Recently, the new AccuTrak delivery system for improved deliverability of the CoreValve aortic bioprosthesis was launched. It has not yet been shown if the new delivery catheter leads to optimized positioning and improved procedural outcomes. Methods and results: We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis and evaluated 70 consecutive patients (35 with the original delivery catheter and 35 with the new AccuTrak catheter) for anatomic positioning and related outcome parameters like postinterventional aortic regurgitation (AR) and the need for permanent pacemaker insertion, after CoreValve implantation. The ...

Abstract in spanish El avance tecnológico con respaldo científico de los últimos cuarenta años ha ubicado a la Implantodoncia dentro de la Odontología, no sólo como una filosofía de trabajo sino más bien como una verdad científica comprobada. La vigencia de la Osteointegraciòn propuesta en la década de los ochenta ha obligado a seguir investigando en la histología de la interfaz ósea de los implantes dentales como una base de sustentación científica permanente. Abstract in english The technological advance with scientific support of last forty years, has located the Implantodonthics whitin dentistry, not only as a working philosophy, but rather as a scientific verified truth. The validity of the osseous integration proposed in the decade of the eighties has forced further research in the bone histology of the interface of dental implants as a base of permanent scientific support.

One hundred and sixty-six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were treated with radiation. Treatment modalities were mainly interstitial implant with or without external beam irradiation, except for early lesions, which were treated with intraoral electron beam therapy. Analysis was made on the local prognosis of the lesion to clarify the indications for interstitial therapy, especially the combined program with external beam therapy, and the time-dose relationship of the brachytherapy. Local recurrence-free rates (two years) were 94% in T1, 77% in T2 and 32% in T3 lesions, respectively. For T1 and surperficial or exophytic T2 lesions, the local recurrence-free rate was excellent with the interstitial therapy alone using either permanent implants of gold grain or radium implants. Therefore, prior external beam therapy seemed to be unnecessary for these lesions. When the treated area was less than 10 cm/sup 2/, subsequent complications were not likely even if the TDF (time-dose factor) value was high. Most of the patients who received combined external beam and interstitial therapy showed infiltrative T2 and a majority of the T3 lesions. In these patients, it was apparent that most of the total dose should be given from the interstitial implant after a small prior dose with external irradiation, because these lesions could not be cured even if the external dose was increased.

Sensory organs typically use receptor cells and afferent neurons to transduce environmental signals and transmit them to the CNS. When sensory cells are lost, nerves often regress from the sensory area. Therapeutic and regenerative approaches would benefit from the presence of nerve fibers in the tissue. In the hearing system, retraction of afferent innervation may accompany the degeneration of auditory hair cells that is associated with permanent hearing loss. The only therapy currently available for cases with severe or complete loss of hair cells is the cochlear implant auditory prosthesis. To enhance the therapeutic benefits of a cochlear implant, it is necessary to attract nerve fibers back into the cochlear epithelium. Here we show that forced expression of the neurotrophin gene BDNF in epithelial or mesothelial cells that remain in the deaf ear induces robust regrowth of nerve fibers towards the cells that secrete the neurotrophin, and results in re-innervation of the sensory area. The process of neurotrophin-induced neuronal regeneration is accompanied by significant preservation of the spiral ganglion cells. The ability to regrow nerve fibers into the basilar membrane area and protect the auditory nerve will enhance performance of cochlear implants and augment future cell replacement therapies such as stem cell implantation or induced transdifferentiation. This model also provides a general experimental stage for drawing nerve fibers into a tissue devoid of neurons, and studying the interaction between the nerve fibers and the tissue. PMID:20109446

Hypocalcification of the enamel is the most common developmental disorder observed in teeth. The prevalence of this kind of hypomineralisation is about 10-19%. These molars are often referred to as cheese molars, because the lesions clinically resemble cheese in color and consistency. Other descriptions are: idiopathic enamel hypomineralisation in the permanent first molars, idiopathic enamel opacities in the permanent first molars, non fluoride enamel hypomineralisation in the permanent first molars, non-endemic mottling of enamel in the permanent first molars. Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation is today the proposed expression for this disease. Occlusal surfaces of the first permanent molar are most commonly affected. The lesions are more frequent in the upper jaw than in the lower jaw. The incisors are affected to a lesser degree than the molars. Several aetiological factors can cause these defects. Some studies show a relation between intake of dioxins via mother's milk after prolonged breast feeding and developmental defects of the child's teeth. Because the ameloblasts are very sensitive to oxygen supply, complications involving oxygen shortages during birth or respiratory diseases such as asthma or bronchitis and pneumonia are discussed as further aetiological factors. Renal insufficiency, hypoparothyroidism, diarrhoea, malabsorption and malnutrition and high-fever diseases can be other reasons for the occurrence of these defects. Defective enamel can be a locus of lowered resistance for caries. Histologically there are areas of porosity of varying degrees. The affected teeth can be very sensitive to air, cold, warm and mechanical stimuli. Toothbrushing may create toothache in these teeth. We therefore suggest that these patients receive intensified prevention with fluoride varnish, a fissure sealing, GIZ, composits, stainless steel crowns or implants. In some cases an interdisciplinary approach with an orthodontist can result in the extraction of the molars in the age of 8 to 10 years. PMID:15106501

The 5-HT2 (serotonin) receptor has traditionally been labeled with antagonist radioligands such as (3H)ketanserin and (3H)spiperone, which label both agonist high-affinity (guanyl nucleotide-sensitive) and agonist low-affinity (guanyl nucleotide-insensitive) states of this receptor. The hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) is an agonist which labels the high-affinity guanyl nucleotide-sensitive state of brain 5-HT2 receptors selectively. In the present study, conditions for autoradiographic visualization of (+/-)-(125I)DOI-labeled 5-HT2 receptors were optimized and binding to slide-mounted sections was characterized with respect to pharmacology, guanyl nucleotide sensitivity and anatomical distribution. In slide-mounted rat brain sections (+/-)-(125I)DOI binding was saturable, of high affinity (KD approximately 4 nM) and displayed a pharmacologic profile typical of 5-HT2 receptors. Consistent with coupling of 5-HT2 receptors in the high-affinity state to a guanyl nucleotide regulatory protein, (125I)DOI binding was inhibited by guanyl nucleotides but not by adenosine triphosphate. Patterns of autoradiographic distribution of (125I)DOI binding to 5-HT2 receptors were similar to those seen with (3H)ketanserin- and (125I)-lysergic acid diethylamide-labeled 5-HT2 receptors. However, the density of 5-HT2 receptors labeled by the agonist (125I)DOI was markedly lower (30-50%) than that labeled by the antagonist (3H)ketanserin. High densities of (125I)DOI labeling were present in olfactory bulb, anterior regions of cerebral cortex (layer IV), claustrum, caudate putamen, globus pallidus, ventral pallidum, islands of Calleja, mammillary nuclei and inferior olive. Binding in hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus was generally sparse.

Studies were undertaken to determine whether deoxyribonuclease I, (DNase I) once immobilized on activated nylon microspheres, would be capable of degrading circulating DNA in vitro and in vivo in an extracorporeal circulation system in dogs. Nylon microspheres were prepared and after gentle hydrolysis and glutaraldehyde treatment, demonstrated a retention of up to 4.73 mg of Dnase I. In vitro studies showed that DNase I immobilized on microspheres degreded a significant percentage of 125I-native DNA (nDNA) within 15 min. Mongrel dogs were injected with 125I-nDNA and a variation in initial t 1/2 in individual animals was observed. Therefore, for experimental studies, 125I-nDNA was injected and decay was recorded during a control period in which untreated microcapsules were utilized in the extracorporeal system. DNase I microspheres were then introduced into the extracorporeal circuit which resulted in an acceleration of degradation of acid precipitable 125I-nDNA. When 200 mug of unlabeled DNA with 125I-nDNA was injected, a similar augmentation of DNA degradation was noted after extracorporeal circulation over DNase I microcapsules. This effect could not be attributed to release of DNase I from the microspheres since no 131I-DNase was detected in the serum or organs of the dogs at the conclusion of the experiments. 125I-nDNA:anti-DNA complexes were passively injected into dogs and after a similar control period of circulation over untreated microcapsules. DNase I microspheres were introduced. Results showed a rapid acceleration in the degradation rate of 125I-nDNA:anti-DNA complexes precipitable with (NH4)2SO4. Extracorporeal circulation over nylon microspheres resulted in no significant alteration of the host's hematocrit or platelet count, and little residual cellular debris on the microcapsules. These data suggest that DNAase immobilized on nylon microspheres may have a potential role in the specific therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus, when it is desirable to hydrolyze DNA circulating free or in combination with antibody. PMID:1262466

The effect of bile salts on RIAs of secretin, glucagon, insulin, and gastrin have been studied. Increasing concentrations of the sodium salts of taurocholic, glycochenodeoxycholic, taurochenodeoxycholic, glycocholic, and taurodeoxycholic acids progressively inhibit the binding of /sup 125/I-secretin to specific antibody, resulting in significant lowering of the B/F ratio at concentrations as low as 0.04 mM and almost complete inhibition at concentrations above 2.4 mM. The nonspecific inhibition by taurodeoxycholate results in a B/F vs concentration curve resembling a secretin standard curve.The binding of /sup 125/I-secretin to charcoal is also inhibited by increasing concentrations of bile salts, although this effect is less marked than their effects on the immune reaction. The binding of /sup 125/I-glucagon, /sup 125/I-insulin, and /sup 125/I-gastrin to specific antisera is also inhibited by sodium taurocholate. Insulin binding is least affected. However, gastrin binding is inhibited by sodium taurocholate at a concentration as low as 0.2 mM. The binding of /sup 125/I-insulin and /sup 125/I-gastrin to charcoal is also inhibited by sodium taurocholate. Thus bile salts interfere in the RIA of hormonal peptides by inhibiting both the immune reaction and the binding of labeled antigen to charcoal. These nonspecific effects must therefore be considered in RIA of body fluids containing high concentrations of bile salts. Treatment of plasma samples with anionic-binding resins can eliminate interference caused by high bile salt concentrations. However, these resins will also remove anionic hormonal peptides such as gastrin.

Oncostatin M is a polypeptide growth regulator produced by activated T cells and phorbol ester-treated U937 cells. To identify specific cellular receptors for this factor, we have characterized the binding of 125I-labeled oncostatin M to a variety of normal and malignant mammalian cells. Recombinant oncostatin M was labeled with 125I with full retention of growth inhibitory activity on A375 melanoma cells. 125I-Oncostatin M bound to sensitive cells in a time- and temperature-dependent fashion. Binding was specifically inhibited by unlabeled native or recombinant oncostatin M, but not by other polypeptide growth factors tested. Binding to human leukemic and normal blood cells was generally less than to nonhematopoietic cells. With four different cell lines, maximal growth inhibition by oncostatin M was achieved at less than maximal binding site occupancy. Scatchard graphs of direct binding data were curvilinear and indicated that 125I-oncostatin M bound with higher apparent affinity at lower 125I-oncostatin M concentrations. Using a two binding site model, affinity constants of Kd1 = 11 +/- 11 pM and Kd2 = 1000 +/- 380 pM were extrapolated from binding data with A375 cells, and values of Kd1 = 3 +/- 2 pM and Kd2 = 400 +/- 44 pM from A549 cells. The major 125I-oncostatin M binding species in a number of mammalian cell lines was identified by chemical cross-linking as a specific protein(s) of Mr = 150,000-160,000. 125I-Oncostatin M was internalized (t1/2 = 30 min) and degraded subsequent to binding to a responsive cell line.

N-[2-(4-iodophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamine, IPEMP, and the corresponding bromo derivative, BrPEMP, have been synthesized and characterized. Both BrPEMP and IPEMP were evaluated for sigma-1 and sigma-2 subtype receptor affinities and found to possess very high affinities for both receptor subtypes. The precursor for radioiodination n-tributylstannylphenylethylpiperidinylethylamine was prepared from its bromo derivative by palladium-catalyzed stannylation reaction. Radioiodinated 4-[{sup 125}I]PEMP was readily prepared in high yields and high specific activity by oxidative iododestannylation reaction using chloramine-T as oxidizing agent. Sites labeled by 4-[{sup 125}I]PEMP in guinea pig brain membranes showed high affinity for BD1008, haloperidol, and (+)-pentazocine (Ki = 5.06 {+-} 0.40, 32.6 {+-} 2.75, and 48.1 {+-} 8.60 nM, respectively), which is consistent with sigma receptor pharmacology. Competition binding studies of 4-[{sup 125}I]PEMP in melanoma (A375) and MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed a high affinity, dose-dependent inhibition of binding with known sigma ligand N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) ethylamine, BD1008 (Ki = 5, 11 nM, respectively), supporting the labeling of sigma sites in these cells. Haloperidol, however showed a weaker (Ki 100-200 nM) affinity for the sites labeled by 4-[{sup 125}I]PEMP in these cells. Biodistribution studies of 4-[{sup 125}I]PEMP in rats showed a fast clearance of this radiopharmaceutical from blood, liver, lung, and other organs. A co-injection of 4-IPEMP with 4-[{sup 125}I]PEMP resulted in 37%, 69%, and 35% decrease in activity in liver, kidney, and brain (organs possessing sigma receptors), respectively at 1-h postinjection. These results suggest that 4-[{sup 125}I]PEMP is a promising radiopharmaceutical for pursuing further studies in animal models with tumors.

Adult bovine aortic endothelial (ABAE) cells specifically bound /sup 125/I-labelled high density lipoprotein3 (/sup 125/I-HDL3), and saturation of the binding was observed at a concentration of about 50 to 100 micrograms protein/ml. The binding of purified apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and A-IV to cultured ABAE cells and the correlation of this binding with the binding of HDL to the cells was studied. ABAE cells bound /sup 125/I-labelled apo A-I (/sup 125/I-apo A-I) and after a 3-hour exposure to the ligand, most of the radioactivity (82%) was associated with the cell surface and was accessible for trypsinization. Saturation of /sup 125/I-apo A-I binding was observed at a concentration of 3 micrograms/ml; each cell possessed 1.38 X 10(5) high affinity binding sites (Kd = 2.04 X 10(-8) M). The cultures also bound /sup 125/I-labelled apo A-IV (/sup 125/I-apo A-IV), and saturation of the binding was observed at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml. Each cell possessed 5.4 X 10(4) high affinity binding sites for apo A-IV (Kd = 1.45 X 10(-8) M). Addition of either excess unlabelled apo A-I or excess unlabelled apo A-IV competed with the binding of both iodinated apo A-I and apo A-IV. It suggests that apo A-I and A-IV share the same binding site on endothelial cells. HDL also successfully competed with the binding of apo A-I and A-IV to ABAE cells.

Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) has become an established treatment option for patients with intractable detrusor overactivity and non-obstructive urinary retention. The Scottish Sacral Nerve Stimulation service was established in April 2010 to provide a service for the population of Scotland. We report our experience from the first year of this new national service. All patients referred for SNS from the inception of the service in April 2010 until the end of March 2011 were studied. During the one-year period, there were 50 referrals. Thirty-three percutaneous nerve evaluations, eight tined lead tests and 16 permanent implantation procedures were performed during this period. Morbidity was low and both incontinence and quality-of-life questionnaires demonstrated statistically significant improvements (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire [ICIQ-SF], P = 0.005; Incontinence Impact Questionnaire [IIQ 7], P = 0.0007; Urogenital Distress Inventory [UDI 6], P = 0.0002). Referral pattern was skewed towards the west of Scotland with some health boards producing no referrals during the year. Results from the first year of the service have shown that it is a safe and efficient procedure with significant improvement in incontinence, voluntary voiding and quality-of-life parameters. The limitation of funding for permanent implants inevitably impacts on the role of the technique as a management option in these patients. PMID:23138579

A survey of research activity on nanoparticles (NPs) based on polymeric devices that could cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is given along with the presentation of our own data on the development of NPs of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (BCA) for brain delivery to aid the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly people, the most prevalent form of dementia. Typical data are presented on in vivo detection of amyloid peptides (A beta) (amyloid plaques) that are used as targets for developing the biological markers for the diagnosis of AD. In order to develop efficient in vivo probes, polymeric n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (PBCA) NPs have been prepared and encapsulated with the radio-labeled amyloid affinity drug (125)I-clioquinol (CQ, 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline) to improve the transport to brain and amyloid plaque retention of (125)I-CQ using the NPs of PBCA. The (125)I-CQ discriminately binds to the AD post-mortem brain tissue homogenates versus control. (125)I-CQ-PBCA NPs labeled the A beta plaques from the AD human post-mortem frontal cortical sections on paraffin-fixed slides. Storage phosphor imaging verified preferential uptake by AD brain sections compared to cortical control sections. The (125)I-CQ-PBCA NPs crossed the BBB in wild type mouse, giving an increased brain uptake measured in terms of % ID/g i.e., injected dose compared to (125)I-CQ. Brain retention of (125)I-CQ-PBCA NPs was significantly increased in the AD transgenic mice (APP/PS1) and in mice injected with aggregated A beta 42 peptide versus age-matched wild type controls. The results of this study are verified by in vivo storage phosphor imaging and validated by histopathological staining of plaques and select metal ions, viz. Fe(2+) and Cu(2+). The (125)I-CQ-PBCA NPs had more efficient brain entry and rapid clearance in normal mice and enhanced the retention in AD mouse brain demonstrating the ideal in vivo imaging characteristics. The (125)I-CQ-PBCA NPs exhibited specificity for A beta plaques both in vitro and in vivo. This combination offered radio-iodinated CQ-PBCA NPs as the promising delivery vehicle for in vivo single photon emission tomography (SPECT) ((123)I) or PET ((124)I) amyloid imaging agent. The importance of the topic in relation to brain delivery and other similar type of work published in this area are covered to highlight the importance of this research to medical disciplines. PMID:20049829

TSH receptor (R) binding and cAMP production by bovine (b) TSH-bound to a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) or polyclonal antibody (Ab) to bTSH were examined, using TSH receptor (R) coating tube and porcine thyroid cells. 125 I-bTSH bound-to MoAbs to bTSH(?) or discontinuous type MoAb showed TSHR binding (10%) similar to intact 125 I-bTSH. TSHR binding was completely decreased (<2%) when 125 I-bTSH was bound by polyclonal Abs to bTSH(?) in Graves_f patient or rabbit polyclonal Abs to bTSH. When either of the two MoAb (No. 1 and 2) to bTSH(?) was bound to 125 I-bTSH, TSHR binding was 4 times higher (40%) compared to intact 125 I-bTSH. Binding of another MoAb (No. 3) caused no increased binding. TSHR binding of intact 125 I-bTSH was decreased from 10% to 2% by excess amounts of bTSH. Binding of 125 I-bTSH bound to MoAb to bTSH(?) (No. 1 and 2) decreased from 40% to 30% by excess amounts of bTSH. When 125 I-bTSH bound-Fab of MoAb was used, the binding was reduced from 30 to 10% (No. 1) and from 25 to 6% (No. 2), respectively. In contrast, cAMP production by bTSH was decreased by pre-binding of all MoAbs and polyclonal Abs. Binding of 125 I-MoAb to bTSH (?) to a synthetic peptide array of bTSH (?) sequence was examined by the radioautography. The epitope of MoAb to bTSH(?) was suggested to be LPK (? 42-44) for No. 1, KLF (? 39-41) for No. 2 and PKYA (? 43-46) for No. 3, respectively, although the existence of discontinuous epitope could not be ruled out. The increased TSHR binding and the decreased cAMP production by bTSH bound to MoAbs may be due to the conformational change of TSH molecule or TSHR by binding of both bTSH and MoAb.   

Purpose: The response of 2-amino-4-([{sup 14}C]methylthio)butyric acid ([{sup 14}C]Met) uptake and [{sup 125}I]3-iodo-alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine ([{sup 125}I]IMT) uptake to radiotherapy of C10 glioma cells was compared to elucidate the intracellular reactions that affect the response of 2-amino-4-([{sup 11}C]methylthio)butyric acid ([{sup 11}C]Met) uptake to radiotherapy. Methods: After irradiation of cultured (3 Gy) or xenografted C10 glioma cells (25 Gy) using a carbon ion beam, the accumulation of [{sup 14}C]Met and [{sup 125}I]IMT in the tumors was investigated. The radiometabolites in xenografted tumors after radiotherapy were analyzed by size-exclusion HPLC. Results: [{sup 14}C]Met provided earlier responses to the carbon ion beam irradiation than [{sup 125}I]IMT in both cultured and xenografted tumors. While [{sup 125}I]IMT remained intact in xenografted tumor before and after irradiation, the radioactivity derived from [{sup 14}C]Met was observed both in high molecular fractions and intact fractions, and the former decreased after irradiation. Conclusion: The earlier response of [{sup 11}C]Met uptake to tumor radiotherapy could be attributable to the decline in the intracellular energy-dependent reactions of tumors due to radiotherapy.

The binding of the radiolabeled bombesin analogue ({sup 125}I-Tyr{sup 4})bombesin to guinea-pig lung membranes was investigated. Binding of ({sup 125}I-Tyr{sup 4})bombesin was specific, saturable, reversible and linearly related to the protein concentration. Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding data at 25C indicated the presence of a single class of non-interacting binding sites for bombesin (B{sub max} = 7.7 fmol/mg protein). The value of the equilibrium dissociation constant (K{sub D} = 90 pM) agrees with a high-affinity binding site. Bombesin and structurally related peptides such as ({sup 125}I-Tyr{sup 4})bombesin, neuromedin B and neuromedin C inhibited the binding of ({sup 125}I-Tyr{sup 4})bombesin in an order of potencies as follows: ({sup 125}I-Tyr{sup 4})bombesin {gt} bombesin {ge} neuromedin C {much gt} neuromedin B. These results indicate that guinea-pig lung membranes possess a single class of bombesin receptors with a high affinity for bombesin and a lower one for neuromedin B.

A series of iodinated analogues of MD-230254 was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory potency and selectivity toward monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Among them, 5-[4-(2-iodobenzyloxy)phenyl]-3(cyanoethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)one (2-IBPO) was found to have high inhibitory potency and selectivity toward MAO-B (IC{sub 50}=2.0 n{sub M}, MAO-A/MAO-B>50000). Analysis of the inhibition kinetics indicated that 2-IBPO acts in a two-step mechanism as a competitive, slow, and tight-binding inhibitor of MAO-B with a Ki value of 2.4 n{sub M} and an overall Ki value at an equilibrium of 3.8 n{sub M}. The new radioligand for MAO-B, [{sup 125}I]2-IBPO was conveniently synthesized from a tributylstannyl precursor by an iododestannylation reaction using sodium [{sup 125}I]iodide and hydrogen peroxide with high radiochemical yield. The in vivo tissue distribution studies of [{sup 125}I]2-IBPO demonstrated its high initial uptake and prolonged retention in the brain. A selective interaction of [{sup 125}I]2-IBPO with MAO-B was confirmed by the pretreatment experiment with well known MAO specific inhibitors, l-deprenyl, Ro-16-6491, clorgyline, and Ro-41-1049. These very desirable characteristics of [{sup 125}I]2-IBPO suggested that a {sup 123}I-labeled counterpart, [{sup 123}I]2-IBPO, would have great potential in vivo studies of MAO-B in the human brain with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). (author)

We examined the fate of C component C3 on the surface of Salmonella typhimurium during ingestion by human neutrophils. Initial experiments showed that C3 fragments and C3-acceptor complexes were the major serum ligands which were surface iodinated by canine myeloperoxidase on serum-incubated rough and smooth isolates of S. typhimurium. In contrast, labeled C3 was not identified when the same organisms were ingested by neutrophils in the presence of 125I-Na, a situation previously shown to iodinate particulate targets via the neutrophil myeloperoxidase-halide-H2O2 system. Pretreatment of neutrophils before phagocytosis with the lipid-soluble protease inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), but not with other protease inhibitors (p-nitrophenylguanidinobenzoate, leupeptin, pepstatin), substantially blocked proteolysis of 125I-C3 on S. typhimurium strain RG108 during ingestion by neutrophils. Purification of neutrophil phagosomes containing S. typhimurium-bearing 125I-C3 showed that DFP but no other protease inhibitors blocked proteolysis of 125I-C3 within phagosomes. Iodinated C3-acceptor complexes were identified by immunoprecipitation from the detergent-insoluble fraction of phagosomes prepared from DFP-treated cells ingesting S. typhimurium in the presence of 125I-Na. These results show that C3 fragments on the surface of S. typhimurium are the major serum ligands which are halogenated and degraded by proteolysis during phagocytosis by human neutrophils, and suggest that the majority of proteolysis on the ingested target occurs within the neutrophil phagosome.

(/sup 125/I)- and (/sup 131/I)thyroglobin (Tg) tracer obtained by two different oxidation methods, chloramine-T (ChlT) and lactoperoxidase (LP-ase), were analyzed to assess their suitability in the development of a RIA. Pairs of tracers which were prepared on a single day using these methods with a single source of /sup 131/I and /sup 125/I were compared. The following conclusions were reached. (1) Both /sup 131/I and /sup 125/I isotopes, using Chl-T or LP-ase as oxidants, produce suitable tracers. (2) (/sup 131/I)Tg can be used repeatedly for 2 weeks without repurification. (3) (/sup 125/I)Tg, in contrast, has to be rechromatographed weekly on sephadex G-200 to maintain assay sensitivity and adequate maximal binding. (4) Under these conditions, 2- or 9-day tracers with either isotope using Chl-T or LP-ase give similar Tg determinations in the serum. (5) The LP-ase-chromatographed /sup 125/I tracer seems to lead to higher maximal binding in the assay than the Chl-T-repurified tracer.

A photon-photon coincidence system was constructed for the standardization of (125)I and (109)Cd in PTKMR-BATAN, Indonesia. Two NaI(Tl) detectors of 76 mm diameter × 6mm thickness with 0.5mm aluminum window were used, which were positioned approximately symmetrically to the source holder. The electronic chain was almost the same as for a 4??-? system. The CANBERRA Multiport II multi channel analyzer was used for energy calibration and a Philips type PM3092 oscilloscope for visualization of the pulses. A polyethylene plastic was used as the source substrate for the (125)I and (109)Cd samples. The activity of a (125)I solution was measured by the photon-photon coincidence and the efficiency extrapolation method (Schrader and Walz, 1987), whereas the activity of a (109)Cd solution was determined by a tracer method using (125)I (Schrader, 2006). The result of the (125)I activity showed good agreement with the result of measurements using a calibrated ionization chamber, and the result of (109)Cd also showed good agreement with the measurements result using a LEGe detector. PMID:22484138